SMK KWONG HUA

FIRST TRIAL EXAMINATION 2010

BIOLOGI FORM 5
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 Hours 30 Minutes

SECTION A : Structured Item

[60 marks]

[ Answer All questions in this section ]

1. Diagram 1 shows a pair of homologous chromosomes

Diagram 1

(a) Name the structures labelled P and Q. [2m]

P : _________________ Q: _______________________
(b) Diagram below shows the outlines of two cells. Draws four chromosomes as they
would appear at the metaphase plate if the cells are dividing by mitosis (X) and meiosis I
(Y). (2m)

(c) State two ways in which the products of meiosis differ from that of mitosis. [2 m]
________________________________________________________________________
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(d) At times during cell division, pieces of P may break and become loose.

(i) Name the process that causes this to happen. [1 m]

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(ii) Explain the consequences to the cell when the process in d(i) occurs. [2 m]
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(e) Diagram below shows a gene mutation that occurs in the DNA strand containing the
base sequences CAC.

(i) Name the type of mutation that occur. [1m]

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(ii) Explain how the mutation affects the specific characteristic or trait controlled. [ 2 m]

________________________________________________________________________

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2. Diagram 2 shows the human alimentary canal.

Diagram 2
(a) Label structures T, U and V in Diagram 2. [3 m]
(b)(i) Name the secretion that passes down tube W. [1 m]

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(ii) State the function of the secretion named in 1 (b)(i).[1 m]
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(c) What would not occur in X if a person suffers from diarrhoe? [1 m]
_____________________________________________________________________
(d) Constipation is a condition in which faeces remain in the large intestine for too long
and it hard to pass out.
(i) What cause constipation? [1 m]
_______________________________________________________________________
(ii) What is its effect on the large intestine? [1 m]
_____________________________________________________________________
(e) Based on the food pyramid, which type of food must a person who suffers from
constipation consume more? [2 m]
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(f) State one of the digestion process occurred and the enzyme that involved in structure V.
[2 m]
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3. Diagram 3.1 shows the transmission pathway of information from receptors in the ear
to effectors U.

Diagram 3.1

(i) Name structures R and S in Diagram 3.1. [ 2 m]

(ii) State the function of R. [1m]

R: ____________________________________________________________________
(b) Compare two differences of structures R and S. [2m ]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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(c) Based on Diagram 3.1 describes briefly the pathway of transmission of information
from the moment you hear the sound of the ringing telephone until you pick up the phone.
[3 m]
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(d) Diagram 3.2 shows the transmission of information across structure T.

Diagram 3.2

(i) Explain the role of P in transmission of nerve impulses. [2m]

________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

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(ii)If the chemical substances release from P across W is reduced due to a neurodegerative
disease, explain its effect to a person’s health. [2m]

4. Diagram 4.1 shows the inheritance of blood group in a family. Gene A and B are
dominant to gene O.
Parents : Father X Mother
Phenotype : Group AB X Group O
Genotype :

Gamete :

Children
(Genotype) :

(Phenotype) :
Diagram 4.1

(a)(i) Complete the Diagram 4.1. [2 m]

(ii) State the ratio of the blood group of the children produced. [1 m]
__________________________________________________________________________________
(b) If gene A and B are dominant to gene O. What can you say about the influence of gene A and gene B
towards each other? [1m]
___________________________________________________________________________________

Colour blindness is sex-linked inheritance. Aishah’s grandfather is a colour-blindness and Aishah carries
the allele of the mutated gene in one of her sex chromosomes. Aishah marries Amran, who has normal
vision. Diagram 4.2 shows how colour blindness can be inherited by their children.

Key : C – Normal allele

c: Mutated allele

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 Diagram 4.2
(c) (i) What is colour blindness? [1 m]

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(ii) Why colour blindness is known as sex-linked inheritance? [1 m]

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(d)(i) Complete Diagram 4.2. [3 m]

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(ii) One of the offsprings will be a carrier of colour blindness. Explain what is the
meaning of carrier. [1 m]
_____________________________________________________________________

(iii) What is the possibilities for a male to be a carrier. Explain why. [2 marks]
________________________________________________________________________
5. Diagram 3 shows the exchange respiratory gases X and Y between the alveolus , blood
capillary and the body cells and the transport of the gaseous.

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(a) (i) Name gas X and Y. [2 m]
Gas X:__________________________ Gas Y:______________________________

(ii) Explain how the alveolus is structured to increase the efficiency of gaseous
exchange.[2 m]

________________________________________________________________________
(b) Explain the difference between the concentration of gas X and Y in blood vessel
Q.[2 m]
________________________________________________________________________
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(c) The concentration of gas X transported in blood vessel P of a cigarette smoker is
usually lower than the one in healthy individual. Explain why does this occur? [ 2 m]
________________________________________________________________________
(d)In an experiment, a boy takes part in an 800 metre event track. His exhaled air was
obtained three times which were before running, right after he finished running and 10
minutes after running to determine then percentage of carbon dioxide. Table 3.1 shows
the result of the experiment.

Based on table 3.1, explain how the percentage of carbon dioxide is returned to normal
after 10 minutes running. [4 m]
________________________________________________________________________
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________________________________________________________________________
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6. (a) Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 are diagrams to show the internal structure of the
heart and its associated circulatory system in a simplified form. Diagram 6.1 represents
the system for a mammal and Diagram 6.2 that for a frog (an amphibian).

Compare and constrast the circulatory system between a mammal and a frog. [6 m]

(b) Ben loves to eat food and fried food which has been found to be rich in fats. Explain
the consequences of consuming this diet with respect to his heart.[8 m]

(c) What are some of the approaches that Ben can take to reduce the risk of cardiovascular
diseases? [6 m]

7(a) Diagram shows the reflex of withdrawal of the hand from a hot object.

Based on the diagram, explain the reflex action shown. (4m)

b) Diagram below shows the human endocrine system. The pituitary gland is the main
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 endocrine gland.

Explain the role of pituitary gland and its secrete hormones to control and regulated the
action of the other endocrine glands. [4 marks]

c) (i) State two uses of hormones in medicine. [2 marks]

(ii)State three differences between coordination by nervous system and endocrine
system. [3 marks]
(iii)Explain how healthy person regulates his /her blood sugar in the body. (7 marks)

8. (a) (i) Define gene and allele. [2 marks]

(b) Explain the importance of variation in organisms. [2 marks]
(c) By using the graphs shown in Diagram 4, compare continuous variation with the
discontinuous variation. [8 marks]

(d) What are the genetic factors that cause variation. [8 marks]

9(a) Diagram 9.1 shows some organisms in a food web in the South pole region.

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Refering to the food web, state the relationship(s) between

(i) the blue whale and the seal

(ii) the squid and the sea bird [2 m]

(b) In the South Pole region, the period of daylight becomes much shorter in winter.
Explain this affects the algal population. [2 m]
(c) Although there is no farming activity in the South Pole, a pesticide, DDT, is found
accumulated in penguins. Explain why this occurs.[6 m]
(d) Diagram 9.2 shows the phenomenon of global warming.

Global warming is a series issue now. Since the late 1800’s, the global average
temperature has increased about 0.7 to 1.4 degrees F (0.4 to 0.8 degrees C). Many experts
estimate that the average temperature will rise an additional 2.5 to 10.4 degrees F (1.4 to
5.8 degrees C) by 2100.
(i) Explain the causes of global warming. [4 m]
(ii) Discuss the effects of global warming and steps to be taken by the government
and the community to decrease the rate of global warming. [6 m]
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Q2.

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3 (a) (i) Able to named structures R and S 1 2
Answer: 1
R: sensory / afferent neurone
S: motor /efferent neurone

(a) (ii) Able to state the function of R 1 1

Sample answer:
P Sensory / R neuron conducts the impulse
from the receptor to (its axonal end in)
the central nervous system.

(b) Able to compare two differences of structures R and S.

Sample answer:

Sensory neurone/R Motor neurone/S

1
1
2

(c)

Able to describes briefly the pathway of transmission of

information in coordination.
Sample answer:
F1 receptor detects stimulus 1
P1 (is stimulated to) trigger nerve impulses in afferent neuron 1

P2 (nerve impulses) are carried to the central nervous system 1

P3 (the central nervous system) integrates and interprets the 1

information 1
P4 then send new impulses

P5 are carried by motor/efferent neuron to effectors//effectors 1 3

produces responds
( F1 + any 2 points)

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(d) (i) Able to explain the role of P in transmission of nerve impulses

Sample answer:

F P is synaptic vesicle 1
E1 contains neurotransmitters 1

E2 which transmit the nerve impulses//convert an electrical 1

signal to chemical signal 1
E3 diffuse across W / synaptic cleft /synapse

E4 requires / using energy provided by mitochondria //active 1 2

transport
[ Any two ]

(d) (ii) Able to explain the effect of low level of neurotransmitter 1

produced, to a person’s health
Sample answer:
F due to lack of acytalcholine in the brain

E1 the person may suffer from Alzheimer’s disease 1

E2 causes loss of reasoning/ability to care for 1

oneself/intellectual ability/memory/speak/write//confusion 1 2
E3 can be inherited

.[ Any two }

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5a(i)
Gas X : Oxygen Gas Y : carbon dioxide

5a(ii) F1 Alveolus has thin wall.

E1Gaseous can diffuse in and out through the wall more efficiently.

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 Section B

Exercise regularly
Retrict the intake of salt
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7. When the hand accidentally touches a hot object,
the receptors of the skin are stimulated to trigger
the afferent neurone to send out nerve impulses [1]
The nerve impulse is carried out by the afferent
neurone to the spinal cord. [1]
From the spinal cord, then nerve impulse
is transmitted across synapse to an interneurone and
then to the efferent neurone. [1]
The efferent neurone transmits the nerve impulse out
of the spinal cord to the effector (biceps).
The biceps contract and cause the hand to withdraw
automatically from the hot object.[1]

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8.(a)i) Gene is the basic functional unit of inheritance
which carries information that is transmittable from
one generation to the next.
Allele is the alternative form of a gene.

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