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    Heat Exchanger

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    musaveer
    This document provides an overview of how to design a heat exchanger. It discusses choosing the appropriate technology based on thermal program requirements, fluid properties, and constraints. Next, it covers performing thermal design calculations including validating the thermal program, calculating the heating surface area based on power and temperature data, and determining the heat transfer coefficient. Finally, it addresses calculating the heat exchanger's pressure drop based on fluid characteristics and geometry. The goal is to iteratively size the heat exchanger through these thermal and hydraulic calculations.

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    Heat Exchanger

    Uploaded by

    musaveer
    40 views8 pages
    This document provides an overview of how to design a heat exchanger. It discusses choosing the appropriate technology based on thermal program requirements, fluid properties, and constraints. Next, it covers performing thermal design calculations including validating the thermal program, calculating the heating surface area based on power and temperature data, and determining the heat transfer coefficient. Finally, it addresses calculating the heat exchanger's pressure drop based on fluid characteristics and geometry. The goal is to iteratively size the heat exchanger through these thermal and hydraulic calculations.

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    This document provides an overview of how to design a heat exchanger. It discusses choosing the appropriate technology based on thermal program requirements, fluid properties, and constraints. Next, it covers performing thermal design calculations including validating the thermal program, calculating the heating surface area based on power and temperature data, and determining the heat transfer coefficient. Finally, it addresses calculating the heat exchanger's pressure drop based on fluid characteristics and geometry. The goal is to iteratively size the heat exchanger through these thermal and hydraulic calculations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    40 views8 pages

    Heat Exchanger

    Uploaded by

    musaveer
    This document provides an overview of how to design a heat exchanger. It discusses choosing the appropriate technology based on thermal program requirements, fluid properties, and constraints. Next, it covers performing thermal design calculations including validating the thermal program, calculating the heating surface area based on power and temperature data, and determining the heat transfer coefficient. Finally, it addresses calculating the heat exchanger's pressure drop based on fluid characteristics and geometry. The goal is to iteratively size the heat exchanger through these thermal and hydraulic calculations.

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    The heat exchanger specialist

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    21 / 06 / 2016

    HOW TO DESIGN A HEAT EXCHANGER?


    Custom-made by our thermal engineers, heat exchanger calculation is a complex process that requires a
    lot of data and many equations. Are you ready for a crash course in thermodynamics?

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    How to design a heat exchanger?


    For sizing a heat exchanger, several thermal phenomena should be considered first:
     Forced convection of both fluids: Convection is the transfer of heat between a wall and a flowing
    fluid, both having different temperatures. In the case of heat exchangers, it is called forced
    convection as it is caused by artificial circulation (pumps, turbines, fans...)
     Conduction: This is the transfer of heat which occurs naturally through the walls, plates and tubes.
    This phenomenon is based on the principle of thermal agitation without movement of material.
     Thermal radiation which could be considered as negligible
    WARNING
    For clarity and brevity, we chose to simplify information and calculation methods that are exposed only
    partially and which refer to the simplest cases. In our daily activity, sizing request the inclusion of many
    other parameters and heat exchanger equation.

    The design of a heat exchanger addresses mainly three phases:

    1.The choice of technology


    Selection of the optimum technology is linked to:
     The thermal program (Required temperatures, efficiency…)
     The nature of the fluids
     The application
     The constraints of installation and maintenance
    Taking account of all these elements enables to define the type of heat exchanger (Plate heat
    exchanger,tubular heat exchanger...) and materials. Sometimes it is required to use a specific material that
    will define the choice of exchange type (e.g. compulsory titanium on an application with sea water cannot
    be used on all types of heat exchangers).

    2.Thermal design
    2.a. Validation of the thermal program

    Once the technological choices made, we will proceed to the design of the heat exchanger , i.e.
    determining its power, size and geometry. It is first necessary to validate the data of the thermal program,
    with the following 3 formulas:

    P: Power (in KW or KCal/h)


    T: temperature (in °C)
    Q: Flowrate (in Kg/h)
    △t: (Tin –Tout)in °C
    Cp: Specific heat (in KWh/Kg/°C)

    Example: application for cooling water at a flowrate of 10 m3/h

    Thanks to those formulas, the other data can be calculated. Here we have:

    i.e.
    Tout = 73°C
    Total power: 65,000 KCal/h or 756 KW

    2.b. Calculation of the heating surface

    First, LMDT (Logarithmic mean temperature difference) shall be calculated. The LMDT is the logarithmic
    average of the temperature differences at each end of the heat exchanger:

    Tin1 : Tin cold


    Tin2 : Tin hot
    Tout1 : Tout cold
    Tout2 : Tout cold

    Once LMDT and Power have been calculated, the heat exchanger calculation can be done as per the
    following formula:
    K: Heat Transfer Coefficient in KW/°C/m2 that is specific to each type of equipment and given by the
    manufacturer.
    S : Heating area in square meters.

    2.c. Calculation of K and incrustation

    The Heat Transfer Coefficient of an heat exchanger is given by :

    h1 and h2: Local Heat exchange Coefficients calculated as per the local geometry as well as
    dimensionless numbers such as Reynolds (Re), Prandlt (Pr) and Nusselt (Nu).
    e: Wall thickness in m
    λ: Thermal Conductivity of the wall in W/°C/m
    Rencrustation: Resistance due to the wall fouling

    Getting the Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC or K) enables to find the heating area and hence sizing the
    heat exchanger.

    3. Calculation of the heat exchanger pressure drop


    A moving fluid undergoes energy losses due to friction on the walls (regular head loss) or mishaps
    (singular head losses) such as baffles, for example. This loss of energy, expressed in pressure drop (△P)
    must be compensated to allow the fluid to move.

    When the heat exchanger is designed, the heat exchanger pressure drop can be calculated with different
    correlations determined by the characteristics of the exchange surfaces.
    Steps 2 and 3 are made by interdependence and iterations, as shown in the summary diagram below:

    Heat exchanger efficiency and effectiveness


    We must not confuse efficiency and effectiveness. Indeed, considering no loss by radiation, therefore the
    effectiveness of a heat exchanger is equal to 1.
    The efficiency (yield) corresponds to the following formula:
    Obtaining a yield of 100% is impossible. The yield is induced by the needs for power and temperatures of
    the client’s application. Hence in most cases, it is fixed upon request by the client himself.

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