Design of a light pole

Input info

pole height hp = 3m
pole bottom dia dp1= 75 mm
pole top dia dp2= 75 mm
No of Lamp arm Ln= 1 No
Lamp arm Lr= 2m equal length
Lamp arm dia Ld= 75 mm average
Pole radical ice , Rc = 13 mm
alloble lateral soil pressure, = 67 kpa

wind pressure factors (from NBC Table 4.1.8, 1995)

Wind load , q = 0.46 kpa
Ce 1.1
Cg 2.5
Cf 1.1

Calculation:

Pole exposure area Ap= 0.303 m2

Lamp arm exposure area, La= 0.15 m2

Wind force on pole, Wp = 0.422 KN

Wind force on lamp arm, Wp = 0.209 KN

Over turning Moment M= 1.2 KN-m

Factored Moment Mf= 3.69 KN-m 2.732 kip-f
Factored shared Vf = 2.0171184 KN 0.452 kip
Embedment length L= 0.25 2.81 f
ɸ= 30
ϒ= 1920 kg/m3 0.12 t/f3
kp = 0.320040389
3.124605622 3
D= 1f
Trial L= 0.019169134 -0.04596
 Typical values of shear strength
Undrained shear strength su (kPa)
Hard soil su > 150 kPa
Stiff soil su = 75 ~ 150 kPa
Firm soil su = 40 ~ 75 kPa
Sof soil su = 20 ~ 40kPa
Very sof soil su < 20 kPa
Drained shear strength c´ (kPa) f´ (deg)
Compact sands 0 35° - 45°
Loose sands 0 30° - 35°
Unweathered overconsolidated clay
critical state 0 18° ~ 25°
peak state 10 ~ 25 kPa 20° ~ 28°
residual 0 ~ 5 kPa 8° ~ 15°

[factor for moment 2.5+ uncertinity 0.70]

ɸ = the friction angle of the soil.
Fa = the active force on the retaining wall;
H = distance from the bottom of the wall to the top of the wall
λ = unit weight of the soil
β= angle between the horizontal and the sloped back face of the wall
i = back slope at the top of the retaining wall
ɸw = angle between a line perpendicular to the wall face and the line of action of the active force
Ka = the active pressure coefficient
λwall= unit weight of the wall

Safety Factors

Sliding > 1.5 Bearing Capacity > 2.0

Overturning > 2.0 Grid Overstress > 1.5
Internal Compound Stability > 1.3 Pullout of Soil > 1.5
Global Stability > 1.3 Pullout of Block > 1.5

ɸ = the friction angle of the soil.

H = distance from the bottom of the wall to the top of the wall
λ = unit weight of the soil
β= angle between the horizontal and the sloped back face of the wall
i = back slope at the top of the retaining wall
ɸw = angle between a line perpendicular to the wall face and the line of action of the active force
λwall= unit weight of the wall

Ka = the active pressure coefficient

Fa = the active force on the retaining wall;
horizontal component Fh=
vertical component of the active force, Fv=
Given
30 °
3.18 f 1.16 m
120 lb/f3 1923 kg/m3
78 °
0°
20 °
130 lb/f3

0.2197
133.3016568 lb/f 2788.459 N/m
2620.295 N/m
953.7093 N/m
Determine the minimum embedment required for a sign pole base
Design Reference Standard Specification for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic signal, 6th edition, (2013 (LST-6)

Pole base information

Type of pole base = Circular
Pole base Diameter D base = 2 f
Above grade height h base = 3.34 f
Sign post info
Post height h pole = 30 f
Post diameter D pole = 0.5 f
Sign size A sign = 4 f2

Arm Length Larm = f

Arm Base Diameter (o.d.) øarm-B = in.
Arm End Diameter (o.d.) øarm-E = in.
Arm Wall Thickness tarm = in.

Site soil properties

Internal friction angle Ø = 30 degree
Unit weight γ = 120 lb/f2 1920 kg/m3
Cohesion, c = 0 lb/f2 kPa
Wind pressure Calculation
Site exposure conditions = C
Basic wind velocity V = 90 mph AASHTO C3.8
Wind importance factor, Ir = 1.0
Design Life = 50 years
velocity conversion factor, Cv = 1.0
Height above ground z = 16 f AASHTO C3.8.4
constants α = 9.5 For Exposure C, AASHTO C3.8.5
constants zg = 900 f For Exposure C, AASHTO C3.8.6
Gust Factor, G = 1.14 AASHTO Commentary C3.8.5
Drag Coefficient for signs, Cd = 1.2 AASHTO Table 3.8.6-1
Directionality Factor Kd = 0.95 AASHTO LTS 3.8.5
Height and exposure factor, Kz = AASHTO Section 3.8.4
For pole base, Kz base = 0.860
For pole and signs, Kz pole = 0.982
Drag Coefficient for pole, Cd pole = 0.9150
Drag Coefficient for pole base, Cd base = 0.1509 FPS Unit

Wind pressure for signs, Pz signs = 26.47 psf 𝑃�=0.00256∗��∗��∗𝐺∗�2∗��

Wind pressure for pole, Pz pole = 20.18 psf AASHTO Section 3.8.3-1
Wind pressure for base, Pz base = 3.33 psf

Pole Surface Area (along x axis) A pole-x 15.00 f.2

Pole Surface Area (along z axis) A pole-z 15.00 f.2
Pole Base Surface Area Abase-x 6.68 f.2
Pole Base Surface Area A base-z 6.68 f.2
Arm Surface Area (along x axis) A arm-x f.2
Sign Panels Surface Area (along x axi A sign-x 4.00 f.2

Determine shearforce and overturning moments

Shear Forces
Shear forces for signs, F signs = 105.88 lbf 0.476 KN
Shear forces for pole, F pole = 302.75 lbf 1.362 KN
Shear forces for base, F base = 22.238 lbf 0.100 KN

Total applied shear forces = 430.867 lbf 1.939 KN

Overturning Moment
Overturning Moment for signs, M signs = 3530.07 lbf*f 4.845 KN*m
Overturning Moment for pole, M pole = 4843.97 lbf*f 6.649 KN*m
Overturning Moment for base, M base = 22.24 lbf*f 0.031 KN*m

Total applied overturning moment = 8396.277 lbf 11.524 KN*m

Determine minimum required embedment

Factor shear and overturning moment for use with Broms design method

Oberload Factor = 2.5 AASHTO Commentary C13.6.1.1

Undercapacity factor = 0.7
Safety factor F.S = 3.57 [overload factor/undercapacity factor]

Factored shear VF = 1.54 kip 6.925 KN AASHTO Section C13.6.1.

Factored Moment MF = 29.99 kip*f 41.158 KN*m AASHTO Section C13.6.1.
Determine minimum Bury
For a foundation in cohesionless soil:

Where,
Minimum bury required, L trial = 4.7796 f to be determine by iteration form above equati
Active soil pressure cofeeicient, Kp = 3.00
ϒ= 0.12 kip/f2

L3 = 109.19 2 * VF * L 2*M F
X  Y 
X= = 20.43 K p * * D K p * * D
Y= = 83.30
Trial (L-X-Y) = 5.461 ~ 0

Minimum Bury for the base required L required = 5 f

F signs

30'-0"

F pole

3'-4"
F base

L= 5'-0"
ent required for a sign pole base
ghway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic signal, 6th edition, (2013 (LST-6)

For Exposure C, AASHTO C3.8.5

For Exposure C, AASHTO C3.8.6
AASHTO Commentary C3.8.5
AASHTO Table 3.8.6-1

AASHTO Section 3.8.4

 𝑃�=0.00256∗��∗��∗𝐺∗�2∗��∗��

AASHTO Section 3.8.3-1

[overload factor/undercapacity factor]

AASHTO Section C13.6.1.1-1

AASHTO Section C13.6.1.1-2
to be determine by iteration form above equation

2*M F
Y 
K p * * D
Pole Embedment Design Program
POLE EMBEDMENT DESIGN

Adversely affected by a 1/2 inch

Allowable Lateral Pressure 100 psf / f motion at the ground surface
Allowable Foundation Pressure 1500 psf n [Y or N]
Maximum Lateral Pressure = 1500 psf
200
Pole Shape = s Circular [C] or Square [S]
Width = 32 in 3.771236 7.111111
Lateral Restraint
n [Y or N] 45.25483
487.3333
Lateral Force = 1200 pounds
Vertical Load = 775 pounds 1.527873
Height to Load = 16 f 0
Moment at Base = 19200 f-pounds 0
Allowable Lateral 0
Trial Depth= 7.31 f Pressure = 487.3333 psf
Depth Required= 5.982145 f 7.31 5.98
Embedment Depth Required = f

Foundation Pressure = 108.9844 psf <= 1500 psf (OK)

Determine the minimum embedment required for a sign pole base
Design Reference Standard Specification for Structural Supports for Highway Signs, Luminaires and Traffic signal, 6th edition, (2013 (LST-6)

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Concrete Compressive Strength f'c = 4 ksi
Concrete Unit Weight γc = 150 pcf
Grade of Reinforcing Steel fy = 60 ksi
Steel Density γsteel = 490 pcf
Aluminum Density γaluminum = 175 pcf

Concrete Shaft information

Type of shaf = Circular
Shaf Diameter D shaf = 3 f
shaf above grade height h shaf = 3.34 f
SIGN STRUCTURE GEOMETRY INFORMATION
Pole Length L pole = 22 f
Pole Base Diameter ( o.d.) øpole-B = 15.5 in.
Pole Top Diameter (o.d.) øpole-T = 12.5 in.
Pole Wall Thickness tpole = 0.1875 in.
Depth to Arm Darm = 1.5 f.
Arm Length Larm = 16 f
Arm Base Diameter (o.d.) øarm-B = 10 in.
Arm End Diameter (o.d.) øarm-E = 6.25 in.
Arm Wall Thickness tarm = 0.1875 in.
Number of Sign Panels = 1 No.
Sign Panel length Lsign = 8 f.
Sign Panel Height hsign = 6 f.
Sign Panel ecentricity esp = 11 f.

Load Calculation
Dead Loads (DC)
Pole Weight DC1 = 0.61 kip
Arm Weight DC2 = 0.25 kip
Sign Weight DC3 = 0.15 kip *Assumed 7/32" Sign Thickn
Misc. Weight (Anchors and Sign SuppDC4 = 0.08 kip *Assumed to be 50% of Sign

Live Loads (LL)

LL is not applicable applicable NA
Ice Loads (ICE)
Ice is not applicable applicable NA

Wind Loads (W)

Wind pressure Calculation
Site exposure conditions = C
Basic wind velocity V = 90 mph AASHTO C3.8
Wind importance factor, Ir = 1.0
Design Life = 50 years
velocity conversion factor, Cv = 1.0
Height above ground z = 16 f AASHTO C3.8.4
constants α = 9.5 For Exposure C, AASHTO C3.
constants zg = 900 f For Exposure C, AASHTO C3.
Gust Factor, G = 1.14 AASHTO Commentary C3.8.5
Directionality Factor Kd = 1 AASHTO LTS 3.8.5

Height and exposure factor, Kz = AASHTO Section 3.8.4

For shaf, Kz shaf = 0.860
Factor for Signs and Arm Kz signs = 0.907
Factor for pole Kz pole = 0.920
Drag Coefficient for signs, Cd signs = 1.20 AASHTO Table 3.8.6-1
Drag Coefficient for pole, Cd pole = 0.9150
Drag Coefficient for shaf, Cd shaf = 0.1509 FPS Unit

Wind pressure for signs, Pz signs = 26.10 psf 𝑃�=0.00256∗��∗��∗𝐺

Wind pressure for pole, Pz pole = 19.90 psf AASHTO Section 3.8.3-1
Wind pressure for shaf, Pz shaf = 3.28 psf

Pole Surface Area (along x axis) A pole-x 25.67 f.2

Pole Surface Area (along z axis) A pole-z 25.67 f.2
shaf Surface Area Ashaf-x 10.02 f.2
shaf Surface Area A shaf-z 10.02 f.2
Arm Surface Area (along x axis) A arm-x 10.83 f.2
Sign Panels Surface Area (along x axi A sign-x 48.00 f.2

Wind Load on Signs (z-direction) Wz-sign 1.25 kip 𝑊�=𝑃�∗�

Wind Load on Arm (z-direction) Wz-arm 0.28 kip
Wind Load on Pole (z-direction) Wz-pole 0.51 kip
Wind Load on shaf (z-direction) Wz-shaf 0.03 kip
Total applied shear forces = 2.05 kip
UNFACTORED LOADS AND MOMENTS AT TOP OF SHAFT
Moments taken about the centerline of the shaft
Load Description Load Load (kip) Moment Moment Moment at
Direction Arm (f.) Direction the Top of
(x,y,z) (x,y,z) shaf
(kip-f.)
DC1 Pole Weight Y 0.61 0 Z 0.000
DC2 Arm Weight Y 0.25 5.33333333 Z 1.333
DC3 Sign Weight Y 0.15 11 Z 1.650
DC4 Misc. Weight Y 0.08 11 Z 0.880
LL Live Load Y 0 0 Z 0.000
Ice Ice Load Y 0 0 Z 0.000
Wx-pole Wind on Pole X 0.51 11 Z 5.619
Wz-sign/arm Wind on Signs & Z 1.54 20.5 X 31.481
Wz-sign Wind on Signs Z 1.25 11 Y 13.782
Wz-arm Wind on Arm Z 0.28 5.33333333 Y 1.508
Wz-pole Wind on Pole Z 0.51 11 X 5.619
Wz-shaf Wind on SHAFT Z 0.03 0 0.000

LOAD COMBINATIONS AASHTO LTS T3.4-1

Load Combination γDC γLL γW Application

Strength I 1.25 1.60 - Gravity
Extreme Ia 1.10 - 1.00 Wind max
Extreme Ia 0.90 - 1.00 Wind min
Service I 1.00 - 1.00 Translation

SUMMARY OF FACTORED LOADS AND MOMENTS AT TOP OF SHAFT

Moments taken about the centerline of the shaf

Moment
Load about x- Moment Shear in
Combination Axial axis Moment about about the Shear in the
z-axis (kip-
(kip) (kip-f.) y-axis* (kip-f.) f.) x-axis (kip) z-axis (kip)
Strength I 1.36 - - 4.83
Extreme Ia 1.20 37.10 15.29 9.87 0.51 2.05
Extreme Ia 0.98 37.10 15.29 9.10 0.51 2.05
Service I 1.09 37.10 15.29 9.48 0.51 2.05
*My to be used for torsion calculation

Determine minimum required embedment

Factor shear and overturning moment use Broms design method
Oberload Factor = 2.5 AASHTO Commentary C13.6.1.1
Undercapacity factor = 0.7
Safety factor F.S = 3.57 [overload factor/undercapacity factor]

Factored shear VF = 7.31 kip AASHTO Section C13.6.1.1-1

Factored Moment MF = 132.50 kip*f AASHTO Section C13.6.1.1-2

Site soil properties

Internal friction angle Ø = 30 degree
Unit weight γ = 120 lb/f2
Cohesion property of soil, = N [Y or N]
Cohesion, c 2 kip/f2
moment shear ratio H = 18.13
q = 4.87
Bury required for cohesion soil, L = 0.00 f

Cohesionless soil bury required to be determine by trial method

Say trial bury required, L trial = 7.1 f f

Active soil pressure cofeeicient, Kp = 3.00 3.00
depth of bury achieved, L achieve = 6.990

Minimum bury required L required = Try new Ltrial ft

Shaft Section Properties

Shaf End Bearing Area Ashaf = 7.07 f.2
Shaf Perimeter Pshaf = 9.42 f.
Shaf weight DLshaf = 13.78 kip
Depth in Bedrock Drock = 5.50
Longitudinal Rebar Size # = 8 #
Longitudinal Rebar Count = 13 No.
Concrete Cover to Inside Edge of Stirrup Bar = 3.63 in.
Stirrup Size = 5.00 #
Stirrup Spacing = 12.00 in.

AXIAL RESISTANCE

Unit End Bearing Resistance qp = 18 ksf Geotechnical Report

Unit Side Resistance qs = 1 ksf
End Bearing Factor ɸqp = 0.4
Side Resistance Factor ɸqs = 0.45
End Bearing Resistance = 50.89 kip
Side Shear Resistance = 23.33 kip
Ultimate Shaf Resistance = 74.22 kip

Applied vertical load = 15.15 kip [Fy plus DL of shaf]

bearing resistance OK
nt required for a sign pole base
way Signs, Luminaires and Traffic signal, 6th edition, (2013 (LST-6)

*Assumed 7/32" Sign Thickness

*Assumed to be 50% of Sign Weight
AASHTO C3.8

AASHTO C3.8.4
For Exposure C, AASHTO C3.8.5
For Exposure C, AASHTO C3.8.6
AASHTO Commentary C3.8.5
AASHTO LTS 3.8.5

AASHTO Section 3.8.4

AASHTO Table 3.8.6-1

𝑃�=0.00256∗��∗��∗𝐺∗�2∗��∗��

AASHTO Section 3.8.3-1

AASHTO Commentary C13.6.1.1

[overload factor/undercapacity factor]

AASHTO Section C13.6.1.1-1

AASHTO Section C13.6.1.1-2

Broms’ assumptions for the distribution of a cohesive

soil’s reactions

For a foundation in cohesionless soil:

2 * VF * L
X 
K p * * D
IF(D11="N",F14/2*(1+SQRT(1+4.36*D15/F14)), SQRT(4.25*D13*D15