Total 363 Lab Manual

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
North South University
EEE 363 – Electrical Machines

Experiment No: 01
Study of the Open Circuit Characteristics of Separately Excited DC Shunt Generator
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Name of the experiment:

Study of the Open Circuit Characteristics of Separately Excited DC Shunt Generator
Objective:
•To study the properties of the separately excited DC shunt generator under no load.
•To obtain the saturation Curve of the generator.
Theory:
A DC machine can run either as a motor or as a generator. A motor Converts electrical power
into mechanical power while a generator converts mechanical power into electrical power. A
generator must, therefore, be mechanically driven in order that it may produce electricity.
Since the field winding is an electromagnet, current must flow through it to produce a magnetic
field. This current is called the excitation Current, and can be supplied to the field winding in
One of two ways, it can Come from a separate, external DC source, in which case the generator
is called a separately excited generator, or it can come from the generator's Own output, in which
case the generator is called a self-excited generator.
The voltage induced in the coils (and, therefore, the DC voltage at the brushes) depends only
upon two things - the speed of rotation and the strength of the magnetic field. If the speed is
doubled, the voltage doubles. If the field strength is increased by 20%, the voltage also increases
by 20%.
Although separate excitation requires a separate DC power source, it is useful in cases where a
generator must respond quickly and precisely to an external control source, or when the output
voltage must be varied over a wide range.
With no electrical load connected to the generator, no current flows and only a voltage appears at
the output. However, if a resistance load is connected across theoutput, current will flow and the
generator will begin to deliver electric power to load.
Equipments required:
1. DC motor/generator module.
2. Power supply module.
3. DC ammeter module.
4. DC voltmeter module.
5. Synchronous motor/generator module.
6. AC ammeter module
Procedure:
CAUTION!
High voltages are present in this Experiment. Do not make any connections with the power on.
The Power should be turned off after completing each individual measurement.
No Load Characteristics
1. Because of its constant running speed, the synchronous motor will be used to mechanically
drive the DC generator. Using your Power Supply, AC Ammeter and Three-Phase Synchronous
Motor/Generator, connect the circuit shown in Figure 7-1
2. Terminals 1, 2 and 3 on the power supply provide fixed three-phase power for the three stator
windings. (Three-phase power will be covered in later Experiments). Terminals 8 and N on the
power supply provide fixed DC power for the rotor winding. Set the rheostat control knob to its
proper position for normal excitation (Experiment 1, procedure 6).
3 a. Using your DC Motor/Generator and DC Voltmeter/Ammeter, connect the circuit shown in

Figure 7-2.
b. Connect the shunt field of the generator, terminals 5 and 6, to the variable DC output of the
power supply, terminals 7 and N, while connecting the 300 mA meter in series with the positive
lead.
c. Connect the 300 V dc meter across the generator output [armature (terminals 1 and 2)].
d. Couple the synchronous motor and the DC generator with the timing belt.
e. Make sure the brushes are in their neutral position.
f. Have your instructor check your circuit.
CAUTION !.
The switch in the excitation circuit of the synchronous motor should be closed (1) only when the
motor is running.
4 a. Turn on the power supply. The synchronous motor should start running.
b. Close the Switch S.
c. Vary the shunt field Current by rotating the voltage control knob on the power supply.
Note the effect on the generator output (armature voltage) E, as indicated by the 300 V dc meter.
d. Measure and record in Table-1 the armature voltage E. for each of the listed field Currents.
DATA TABLE-1:
IF(mA) EA (Volts)
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
275
300
e. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
f. Can you explain why there is an as mature voltage even when the field current is zero?
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Questions:
1. State two ways by which the Output polarity of a shunt DC generator can be
Changed.
2. If a DC generator delivers 180 W to a load, what is the minimum mechanical power (in watt )
needed to drive the generator (assume 80% efficiency)?

3. Plot the EA vs IF characteristic curve for your DC shunt generator on the graph. Use the data
from Table 7-1. Note that the curve "bends over" as the field Current increases. Can you explain
why this happens?
4. Define Critical Resistance. From the OCC curve, find the value of critical resistance.
5. Draw OCC curve of the DC shunt generator at new speed at 1000 rpm when old speed is 1500
rpm.
6. What is the difference between self and separately excited DC shunt generator?

Experiment No: 02(Part-1)
Study of the Torque Speed Relationship of DC Shunt Motor
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Study of the Torque Speed relationship of DC Shunt Motor.
Objective:
• To study the torque vs Speed characteristics of a shunt wound DC motor.
•To calculate the efficiency of the shunt wound DC motor.
Theory:
The speed of any DC motor depends mainly upon its armature voltage and the strength of the
magnetic field. In a shunt motor, the field winding, as well as the armature winding, is connected
in parallel (shunt) directly to the DC supply lines. If the DC line voltage is constant, then the
armature voltage and the field strength will be constant. It is, therefore, apparent that the shunt
motor should run at are reasonably constant speed.
The speed does tend to drop with an increasing load on the motor. This drop in speed is mainly
due to the resistance of the armature winding. Shunt motors with low armature winding
resistance run at nearly constant speeds.
Just like most energy conversion devices, the DC shunt motor is not 100% efficient. In other
words, all of the electric power which is supplied to the motor is not converted into mechanical
power. The power difference between the input and output is dissipated in the form of heat, and
constitutes what are known as the “losses" of the machine. These losses increase with load, with
the result that the motor gets hot as it delivers mechanical power.
In this Experiment you will investigate the efficiency of a DC shunt motor.
Equipment required:
1.DC motor/generator module.
3. DC voltmeter/ammeter module.
4. Electrodynamometer module.
Procedure:
CAUTION
High voltages are present in this Experiment! Do not make any connections with the power on!
The power should be turned off after completing each individual measurement!
1. Using your Power Supply, DC Motor/Generator, DC Voltmeter/Ammeter and

Electrodynamometer, connect the circuit shown in Figure
2. Set the shunt field rheostat control knob at its full cw position (for maximum shunt field
excitation). Make sure the brushes are in their neutral position.
3. Set the dynamometer control knob at its full ccw position (to provide a minimum starting load
for the DC motor).
4. Turn on the power supply. Adjust the variable output voltage to 240 V dc as indicated by the
meter. Note the direction of rotation; if it is not clockwise, turn off the power supply and
interchange the shunt field connections.
5 a) Adjust the shunt field rheostat for a no-load motor speed of 240 r/min as indicated on your
hand tachometer. (Make sure that the voltmeter, connected across the input of your circuit,
indicates exactly 240 V dc).
Note: Do not change the field rheostat adjustment for the remainder of the experiment.
b) Measure the line current, as indicated by the ammeter, for a motor speed of 240 r/min. Record
this value in Table
Data Table1:
Note: For an exact torque of 0 Nm, uncouple the motor from the dynamometer.
E(volts) I(amp) Speed(r/min) TORQUE(N.m)
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
6 a) Apply a load to your DC motor by varying the dynamometer control knob until the scale
marked on the stator housing indicates 0.3 N-m. (Readjust the power supply, if necessary, to
maintain exactly 240 V dc).
b) Measure the line current and motor speed. Record these values in Table1.
c) Repeat for each of the torque values listed in the Table, while maintaining a constant 240 V dc
input.
d) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
7 a) Plot the recorded motor speed values from Table 4-1 on the graph of Figure 4-2.
b) Draw a smooth curve through your plotted points.
c) The completed graph represents the speed vs torque characteristics of a typical DC shunt-
wound motor. Similar graphs for series wound and compound wound DC motors will be
constructed in the following two Experiments. The speed vs torque characteristics for each type
of motor will then be compared and evaluated.
8. Calculate the speed vs torque regulation (ful load = 1.2 N-m) using the equation:
Speed regulation =_________ %
Questions:
1. Calculate the mechanical output power by the shunt-wound DC motor when the torque is 1.2
N-m. Use the equation:
Where, Pout = Mechanical Output Power in watts (W)
N = Speed in revolutions per minute (r/min)
T = Torque in Newton-meter (N·m)
Pout = __________ (W)
2. What is the input power (in watts) of the motor in Question 1?

________________________________________
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Input power =_________ W
3. Knowing the input and output power in watts, calculate the efficiency of the motor in
Question1.
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Efficiency = (power output/power input) x 100%
Efficiency =___________ %
4. What are the losses (in watts of the motor in Question 1)?
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Losses =________W
5. List where some of these losses occur.

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6. Would the losses decrease if a cooling fan is mounted on the motor shaft?
Explain. -
[] Yes [] No
7. Give two reasons why losses are undesirable.

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8. which type of DC motor acts almost as a constant speed motor and why?

Study of the Torque Speed Relationship of DC Series Motor
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Study of the Torque Speed relationship of DC Series Motor.
Objective:
•To study the torque vs Speed characteristics of a series wound DC motor.
• To calculate the efficiency of the series wound DC motor.
Theory:
In this motor, the magnetic field is produced by the current which flows through the armature
winding, with the result that the magnetic field is weak when the motor load is light (the
armature winding draws minimum current). The magnetic field is strong when the load is heavy
(the armature winding draws maximum current). The armature voltage is nearly equal to the
supply line voltage (just as in the shunt wound motor if we neglect the small drop in the series
field). Consequently, the speed of the series wound motor is entirely determined by the load
current. The speed is low at heavy loads, and very high at no load. In fact, many series motors
will, if operated at no load, run so fast that they destroy themselves.
The torque of any DC motor depends upon the product of the armature current and the magnetic
field. For the series wound motor this relationship implies that the torque will be very large for
high armature currents, such as occur during start-up. The series wound motors, therefore, well
adapted to start large heavy-inertia loads, and is particularly useful as a drive motor in electric
buses, trains and heavy duty traction applications.
Equipment required:
1.DC motor/generator module.
5. DC ammeter module.
6. DC voltmeter module.
Procedure:
CΑUΤΙΟΝ!
The power should be turned off after completing each individual measurement
1. Using your Power Supply, DC Motor/Generator, DC Voltmeter/Ammeter and
Electrodynamometer, connect the circuit shown in Figure 5-1.
Do not apply Power at this time
Fig: 5-1
Couple the dynamometer to the DC motor/generator with the timing belt.
Notice that the motor is wired series operation (the shunt field winding and the rheostat are not
used) and is connected to the variable DC output of the power supply (terminals 7 and N). The
electrodynamometer is connected to the fixed Vac output of the power supply (terminals 1 and
N)
2. Set the dynamometer control knob at its mid-range position (to provide a - starting load for
the DC motor).
3 a) Turn on the power supply. Gradually increase the DC voltage until the motor starts to turn.
Note the direction of rotation. If it is not cw, turn off the power and interchange the series field
connections.
b) Adjust the variable voltage for exactly V dc as indicated by the meter.
4 a) Adjust the loading of your DC series wound motor by varying the dynamometer control
knob until the scale marked on the stator housing indicates 1.2 Nom. (Readjust the power supply,
if necessary, to maintain exactly V dc).
b) Measure the line current and motor speed (use your hand tachometer).
Record these values in Table-1.
c) Repeat for each of the torque values listed in the Table, while maintaining a constant V dc
input.
d) Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
Data Table1:
E(V) I(A) Speed(r/min) Torque(N.m)
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
5 a) Plot the recorded motor speed values from Table on the graph
b) Draw a smooth curve through your plotted points.
c) The completed graph represents the speed vs torque characteristics of a typical DC series
wound motor. A similar graph for the compound wound DC motor will be constructed in the
next Experiment, the speed vs torque characteristics for each type of motor will then be
compared and evaluated.
6. Calculate the speed vs torque regulation (full load = 1.2 N.m) using the equation.
Speed regulation =________ %

QUESTIONS:
1. Calculate the mechanical output power developed by the series wound DC
motor when the torque is 1.2 N-m. Use the equation.
where:
Pout = Mechanical Output Power in watts (W)
N = Speed in revolutions per minute (r/min)

T = Torque in Newton-meter (N.m)
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2. What is the input power (in watts) of the motor in Question 1?

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Input power = ___________W
3. Knowing the input and output power in watts, calculate the efficiency of the motor in Question
1.
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Efficiency = ____________%
4. What are the losses (in watts) of the motor in Question 1?

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Losses = _______W
6. Write down difference between the shunt wound DC motor and the series wound DC motor .

Study of the Current Voltage Relationship of Single Phase Transformer.
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Study of the Current Voltage Relationship of Single Phase Transformer.
Objective:
To study the voltage and current ratios of a transformer.
To learn about transformer-exciting currents, volt-ampere capacity and short circuit
currents.
Theory:
Transformers are probably the most universally-used pieces of equipment in the electrical
industry. They range in size from miniature units in transistor radios to huge units,
weighing tons, used in central power distributing stations. However, all transformers have
the same basic properties which you are about to examine.
When mutual induction exists between two coils or windings, a change in current though
one induces a voltage in the other. Every transformer has a primary winding and one or
more secondary windings. The primary winding receives electrical energy from a power
source and couples this energy to the secondary winding by means of a changing magnetic
field. The energy appears as an electromotive force across the secondary winding, and if a
load is connected to the secondary, the energy is transferred to the load. Thus, electrical
energy can be transferred from one circuit to another, with no physical connection
between the two. Transformers are indispensable in AC power distribution, since they can
convert electrical power at a given current and voltage into an equivalent power at some
other current and voltage.
When a transformer is in operation, AC currents flow in its windings and an alternating

magnetic field is set-up in the iron core. As a result, copper and iron losses are produced
which represents active power (watts) and causes the transformer to heat up. Establishing
a magnetic field requires reactive power (vas) which is drawn from the power line. For
these reasons the total power delivered to the primary winding is always slightly larger
than the total power delivered by the secondary winding. However, we can say, to a good
approximation, that in most transformers:
EXPERIMENT NO:
a) Primary power (watts) = Secondary power (watts)
b) Primary volt-amperes (VA) = Secondary volt-amperes (VA)
c) Primary vars = Secondary vars.
When the primary voltage is raised beyond its rated value, the iron core (laminations)
begins to saturate, and the magnetizing (exciting) current increases rapidly.
Transformers are subject to accidental short-circuits caused by natural and manmade

disasters. The short-circuit currents can be very large and, unless interrupted, will quickly
burn out a transformer. It is the purpose of this Experiment to show these major points.
Equipment required:
2. Single phase Transformer module.
3. Ac ammeter module.
4. Ac voltmeter module.
Procedure:
CAUTION!
High voltages are present in this Experiment! Do not make any connections with the
power on! The power should be turned off after completing each individual measurement!
1. Examine the construction of the Single-Phase Transformer paying particular

attention to the transformer, connection terminals and the wiring.
a. The transformer core is made up of thin sheets (laminations) of steel. Identify it.
b. Note that the transformer windings are brought out to terminals mounted on the
transformer coil.
c. Note that these windings are then wired to the connection terminals mounted on the
module face.
2. You will now measure the unloaded secondary voltages with 240 V ac applied to the
primary winding
2 The Single Phase Transformer

2
EXPERIMENT NO:
a. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1-1.

b. Turn on the power supply and adjust for 240 V ac as indicated by the
voltmeter across the power supply terminals 4 and N.
c. Measure and record the output voltage E2.
d. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply.
e. Repeat (b, c and d) measuring the output voltage E2 for each of the listed
windings.
f. winding 1 to 2= V ac
winding 3 to 4 = V ac
winding 5 to 6= V ac
g. Could you measure the value of magnetizing (exciting) current? Explain
❑ Yes ❑ No

EXPERIMENT NO:
3. a. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1-2. Notice that current meter I2 short-circuits
winding 5 to 6.
b. Turn on the power supply and gradually increase the voltage until the short-circuit
current I2 is 0.2 A ac.

EXPERIMENT NO:
c. Measure and record E1, I1, and I2.

I1 = A ac
E1= V ac
I2 = V ac
d. Return the voltage to zero and turn off power supply.
e. Calculate the current ratio:
I1/ I2 = .
f. Is this current ratio equal to the turn ratio? Explain.
❑ Yes ❑ No
4. a. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1-3. Notice that winding 3 to 4 is short-
circuited by the current meter I3.
b. Turn on the power supply and gradually increase the voltage until the current through
the primary winding I1 is 0.2 A ac.
c. Measure and record I3 and El.

I3 = A ac
El = V ac
e. Calculate the current ratio.
I1/I3 = .
f. Is the current ratio equal to the inverse of the turn ratio? Explain.
❑ Yes ❑ No

EXPERIMENT NO:
Questions:
1. If the short current through secondary winding 9 to 6 were 0.5 A ac what would be
the current through the primary winding 1 to 2?
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I1-2 = _____ A ac
2. If the secondary winding 7 to 8 is short-circuited and the primary winding 5 to 6 is
drawing 0.25 A ac:
a. Calculate the short-circuit current through winding 7 to 8.
I
f
7-8 I = _____ A ac
2
b. Why would these tests be performed as quickly as possible?
4
0
3. If 240 V ac were applied to winding 3 to 4, what would be the voltages across:

a) winding 1 to 2 = ______V ac
b) winding 5 to 9 = ______V ac
c) winding 7 to 8 = ______V ac
d) winding 5 to 6 = ______V ac
4. Which of the two windings in procedure 7 dissipates the most heat? Explain.
5. If 240 V ac were applied to winding 1 to 2 with winding 5 to 6 short-circuited:
a. What would be the current in each winding?

EXPERIMENT NO:
b. How much larger is the current than the normal value?
c. How much more heat is generated in the winding under these conditions?


Study of the Different Loading Conditions of single Phase Transformer
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Study of the Different Loading Conditions of single Phase Transformer
Objective:
1. To study the voltage regulation of the transformer with varying loads
2. To study transformer regulation with inductive and capacitive loading.
Theory:
The load on a large power transformer in a sub-station will vary from a small value in the early
hours of the morning to a very high value during the heavy peaks of maximum industrial and
commercial activity. The transformer secondary voltage will vary somewhat with the load and,
because motors and incandescent lamps and heating devices are all quite sensitive to voltage
changes, transformer regulation is of considerable importance. The secondary voltage is also
dependent upon whether the power factor of the load is leading, lagging or unity. Therefore, it
should be known how the transformer will behave when it is loaded with a capacitive, an
inductive or a resistive load.
If a transformer were perfect (ideal) its windings would have no resistance. Furth ore, it would
require no reactive power (vars) to set up the magnetic field within ft. Such a transformer would
have perfect regulation under all load conditions and the secondary voltage would remain
absolutely constant. But, practical transformers do have winding resistance and they do require
reactive power to produce their magnetic fields. The primary and secondary windings possess,
therefore, an overall resistance R and an overall reactance X .The equivalent circuit of a power
transformer having a turn ratio of 1 to 1, can be approximated by the circuit shown in Figure 3-1.
The actual transformer terminals are P1 P2 on the primary side and S1 S2 on the secondary.
In between these terminals we have shown the transformer as being composed of a perfect
(ideal) transformer in series with an impedance consisting of R and X, which represents its
imperfections It is clear that if the primary voltage is held constant, then the secondary voltage
will vary with loading because of R and X.
An interesting feature arises with a capacitive load, because partial resonance is set up between
the capacitance and the reactance X so that the secondary voltage E, may actually tend to rise as
the capacitive load value increases.
Equipments required:
1.Single Phase Transformer module.
3. AC ammeter module.
4. AC voltmeter module.
5. Resistive module.
6. Inductive module.
7.Capacitive module.
Procedure:
CΑUΤΙΟΝ!
1. Using your Single-Phase Transformer, Power Supply, Resistive Load, AC Ammeter and
AC Voltmeter, connect the circuit shown in Figure 3-2
2.
a. Place all of the Resistive Load switches in their open position for zero
load current.
b. turn on the power supply and adjust for exactly 240 V ac as indicated by voltmeter
E1.
c. Measure and record in Table 1 the output voltage E2.

d. Adjust the load resistance Z to 4800 Ohm. Make sure that the input voltage remains at
exactly 240 'v' ac Measure and record E2.
e. Repeal (d) for each of the listed values in Table 1.
f. Return the voltage to zero and turn of the power supply.
Data Table1:
ZL(ohm) E2(V)
∞
4800
1600
960
3.
a. Calculate the transformer regulation using the no load and full-load(ZL=960 Ohm)output
voltages from Table 1
–
Tx Regulation = =
b. Does the primary winding VA equal the secondary winding VA for every value of load
resistance in the Table? Explain.
4.
a. Repeat procedure 2 using the inductive Load in place of the resistance load.
b. Record your measurements in Table 2.
Data Table2:
ZL(ohm) E2(V)
∞
4800
1600
960
c. Calculate the transformer regulation using the no load and full-load(ZL =960 Ohm) output
–
Tx Regulation = =
5.
a. Repeat procedure 2 using the Capacitive Load in place of the resistance load.
b. Record your measurements in Table 3.
Data Table3:
ZL(ohm) E2(V)
∞
4800
1600
960
d. Calculate the transformer regulation using the no load and full-load(ZL = 960 Ohm) output
–
Tx Regulation = =
Questions:
1. Explain why the output voltage increases when capacitance loading is used.
2. A transformer has a very low impedance (small R and X)
a. What effect does this have on the regulation?
b. What effect does this have on the short circuit current?
3. Very large transformers are sometimes designed not to have optimum regulation .
properties in order for the associated circuit breakers to be within reasonable size.
Explain.
4. Will transformer heating be approximately the same for resistive, inductive, capacitive
loads of the same VA rating? Explain.
□ Yes □ No

Experiment No: 04
Study of the Different Loading Conditions of Alternator.
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Study of the different loading conditions of the Alternator.
Objective:
• To study the working principle of alternator.
• To study the working principle of alternator. To determine the voltage regulation characteristics
of the alternator with resistive, capacitive and inductive loading
Theory:
The output voltage of an alternator depends essentially upon the total flux in the airgap. At no-
load, this flux is established and determined exclusively by the DC field excitation.
Under load, however, the air-gap flux is determined by the ampere-turns of the rotor and the
ampere-turns of the stator. The latter may aid or oppose the MMF (magneto-motive force) of the
rotor depending upon the power factor of the load. Leading power factors assist the rotor, and
lagging power factors oppose it.
Because the stator MMF has such an important effect upon the magnetic flux, the voltage
regulation of alternators is quite poor, and the DC field current must continuously be adjusted to
keep the Voltage constant under variable load conditions.
If one phase of a three-phase alternator is heavily loaded, its voltage will decrease due to the IR
and IX drops in the stator winding. This voltage drop cannot be compensated by modifying the
DC field current because the voltages of the other two phases will also be changed. Therefore, it
is essential that three-phase alternators do not have loads that are badly unbalanced.
Equipment required:
1.Synchronous motor/generator module.
3. Resistive Load module.
4. Inductive Load module
5. Capacitive Load module.
6. Ac ammeter/voltmeter module.
7. DC ammeter/voltmeter module.
Procedure:
CAUTION
High voltages are present in this Experiment! Do not make any connections with the power on
The power should be turned off after completing each individual measurement!
Using your synchronous motor/generator,DC motor/generator, powersupply, AC

ammeter/voltmeter, ResistiveLoad,DC ammeter/voltmeter connect the circuit shown in figure
11.1
Note that the balanced resistive load is wye-connected to Three-phase output of the alternator.
The alternator rotor is Connected to INE variable 0-240 V dc output of the power supply,
terminals 7 and N. The DC shunt motor winding is connected to the fixed 240 V dc output of the
powe supply, terminals 8 and N.
2. a. Couple the DC motor to the alternator with the timing belt.
b. Set the DC motor field rheostat at its full CW position (for minimum resistance).
c. Set the alternator field rheostat at its full CCW position (for max resistance).
d. Adjust each resistance section for a resistance of 1200 ohm.
3. a. Turn on the power supply and, using your hand tachometer, adjust the DC motor rheostat
for a motor speed of 1500 r/min.
Note: This speed must be kept constant for the remainder of this Experiment
b. Close the Switch S.
c. Adjust the DC excitation of the alternator until the output voltage E1 = 415 V ac. Measure and
record the full load I1 and I2.
I1 = __________ A ac, I2 = ____________ A dc
d. Open the three resistance load switches for no load on the alternator and measure and record
the no load E and I. Remember to check the motor speed and readjust to 1500 r/min if required.
E1 = ___________ V ас, I2= _____________ A dc
e. Return the voltage to Zero and turn of the power supply.
f. Calculate the alternator regulation with resistive loading.
–
________________________________________ = _________________________________%
4. a. Using your inductance Module, replace the resistive load with an inductive load.
b. Adjust each inductance section for a reactance XL of 1200 ohm.
c. Repeat procedure 3 and record the full load values of I1, and I2.
I1 = __________ A ac, I2 = ____________ A dc
d. Measure and record the no load values of E1, and I2.
E1 = ___________ V ас , I2= _____________ A dc
f. Calculate the alternator regulation with inductive loading.
______________________________________ = ________________________________%
g. With an inductive load, does the stator MMF aid or oppose the rotor MMF ?
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5. a. Using your Capacitance Module, replace the inductive load with a capacitive load.
b. Adjust each capacitance section for a reactance Xc of 1200 ohm.
c. Repeat procedure 3 and record the full-load value of and I1 and I2.
I1 = __________ A ac, I2 = ____________ A dc
d.Measure and record the no load values of E1 and I2.
E1 = ___________ V ас , I2= _____________ A dc
f. Calculate the alternator regulation with inductive loading.
_______________________________________ = ________________________________%
g. With an inductive load, does the stator MMF aid or oppose the rotor MMF?
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6. a. With a capacitive reactance load of 4800 Q per phase, turn on the power supply and adjust
for a motor speed of 1500 r/min.
b. Adjust the DC excitation of the alternator until the output voltage E1 = 415 V ac.
c. Increase the capacitive loading by placing an additional reactance 2400 ohm in parallel with
each of the 4800 ohm Sections and observe happens.
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d. Increase the capacitive loading further by placing an additional reactance of 1200 ohm across
each section and observe what happens.
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______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
f. Explain, if you can, the phenomenon you have just observed.
_____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________
Questions:
1. Explain why the alternator output voltage increases with capacitance loading.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Could it be dangerous to connect an alternator to a long transmission line, if the

line looks like a capacitor? Explain.
Yes or No
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. The rotor of an alternator, at rated power, dissipates more heat at a low power
factor (lagging) load than a high power factor load. Explain
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________.
4. If an industrial customer of an electrical power company connects a large single phase load to
a three-phase power line, then every other user on that power line will have unbalanced three-
phase power, even if their loads are balanced. Explain why.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

Experiment No: 05
Study of the Synchronization of Alternator
______________________________________________________________________________

Study of the Synchronization of alternator.
Objective:
• To learn how to synchronize an alternator to the electric power utility system.
• To observe the effects of improper phase Conditions upon the synchronizing process.
Theory:
The frequency of a large electric power utility system is established by the speed of rotation of
many powerful alternators all connected by various tie-lines into the total network. The
collective inertia and power of these generators is so great that there is no single load or
disturbance which would be large enough to change their speed of rotation. The frequency of an
electric system is, therefore, remarkably stable.
An alternator can only deliver power to an existing electric power system if it operates at the
same frequency as the system. A system whose frequency is 50Hz cannot receive power from an
alternator operating at 50.001 Hz. They must both operate at exactly the same frequency. This is
not as difficult to realize as may first appear, because automatic forces come into play when an
alternator is connected into an existing system to keep its frequency Constant.
Synchronization of an alternator with a large utility system, or "infinite buss" as it is called is
analogous to meshing a small gear to another of enormous size and power. If the teeth of both
gears are properly synchronized at the moment of contact, then the meshing will be smooth. But
should tooth meet tooth at the critical instant, shock will result with possible damage to the
smaller gear.
Smooth synchronization of an alternator means first that its frequency must be equal to that of
the supply. In addition, the phase sequence (or rotation) must be the same. Returning to our
example of the gears, we would not think of trying to mesh two gears going in opposite
directions, even if their speeds were identical.
The next thing to watch for when we push gears together is to see that the tooth of one meets the
slot of the other. In electrical terms the voltage of the alternator must be in phase with the voltage
of the Supply.
Finally, when meshing gears we always choose a tooth depth which is compatible with the
master gear. Electrically, the voltage amplitude of the alternator should be equal to the supply
voltage amplitude. With these Conditions met, the alternator is perfectly synchronized with the
network and the switch between the two can be closed.
Equipment required:
3. Ac ammeter/voltmeter module.
4. Synchronizing module
Procedure:
CAUTION
1. Using your Three-Phase Synchronous Motor/Generator, DC Motor/Generator, Synchronizing

Module, Power Supply, AC Ammeter and AC Voltmeter, connect the circuit shown in Figure
12-1. Note that the output of the alternator is connected through the synchronizing switch to the
fixed 380 V 3p output of the power supply, terminals 1, 2 and 3. The rotor of the alternator is
connected to the variable 0-240 V dc output of the power Supply, terminals 7 and N. The DC
shunt motor is connected to the fixed 240 V dc Output of the power Supply, terminals 8 and N.
2. a. Couple the DC motor to the alternator with the timing belt.
b. Set the DC motor field rheostat at its full CW position (for minimum resistance).
c. Place the synchronizing switch in its open position.
3. a. Turn On the power Supply and, using your hand tachometer, adjust the power supply
output for a motor speed of approximately 1500 r/min.
b. Measure the power Company Supply voltage E2.
E2 =___________ V ac.
C. Close the Switch S.
d. Adjust the DC excitation of the alternator until the alternator output voltage E1 is equal to the
power Company voltage E2.
Note: These two voltages must be kept equal for the remainder of this Experiment.
e. The three synchronizing lights should be flickering on and off.

4. a. Carefully adjust the DC motor speed until the beat frequency becomes quite low.
b. Do all three lights become bright and then dark, at the same time?
Yes or NO
c. If they do not all become dark and then bright simultaneously, the phase sequence is wrong.
Turn off the power supply and interchange any two of the leads coming from the stator.
d. Carefully adjust the motor speed until all three lights slowly darken and then slowly brighten.
Your alternator frequency is very nearly equal to that of the power company.
e. When all of the lights are completely dark, the alternator and supply Voltages are in phase.
f. When all of the lights are fully bright, the alternator and supply voltages are 180° out of phase.
(This is the "tooth-to-tooth" condition, and the Synchronizing Switch should never be closed
under these conditions).
g. Check to see that the two voltages E, and E are equal. If not, readjust the DC excitation to the
alternator.
5 a. Close the synchronizing switch when all three lights are dark and note the behavior of I1, at
the moment of closure.
_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
b. Close the synchronizing switch when all three lights are dim and note the behavior of I1 , at
the moment of closure.
_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c. Close the synchronizing switch when all three lights are partially bright and note the behavior
of I1 , at the moment of closure.
_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Questions:
1. What do you mean by Synchronization of alternators? Write down the necessity of
synchronization.
2. What conditions must be met to synchronize an alternator to an existing three phase power
line?
3. An alternator could be severely damaged mechanically in attempting to synchronize it with the
powerline. Under what two conditions could this happen?
4. An alternator generating a different value of voltage also may not be exactly in phase with the
power line, but one condition must be met in order for it to deliver power. What is that
condition?

Experiment No: 06
Study of the Starting Characteristics and Torque Speed Relationship of Three Phase
Synchronous Motor
______________________________________________________________________________

Study of the construction and starting characteristics of three phase Synchronous Motor
Objective:
• To examine the construction of the 3 phase synchronous motor.
• To obtain the starting characteristics of the 3 phase synchronous motor.
Theory:
The synchronous motor gets its name from the term synchronous speed, which is the natural
speed of the rotating magnetic field of the stator. As we have learned this natural speed of
rotation is controlled strictly by the number of pole pairs and the frequency of the applied power.
Like the induction motor, the synchronous motor makes use of the rotating magnetic field.
Unlike the induction motor, however, the torque developed does not depend on the induction
currents in the rotor. Briefly, the principle of operation of the synchronous is as follows. A
multiphase source of AC is applied to the stator windings and a rotating magnetic field is
produced. A direct current is applied to the rotor windings and a fixed magnetic field is
produced. The motor is so constructed that these two magnetic fields react upon each other
causing the rotor to rotate at the same speed as the rotating magnetic field. If a load is applied to
the rotor shaft, the rotor will momentarily fall behind the rotating field but will continue to rotate
at the same synchronous speed.
The falling behind is analogous to the rotor being tied to the rotating field with a rubber band .
Heavier loads will cause stretching of the band so the rotor position lags the stator field but the
rotor continues at the same speed. If the load is made too large, the rotor will pull out of
synchronism with the rotating field and as a result will no longer rotate at the same speed. The
motor is then said to be overloaded.
The synchronous motor is not a self-starting motor. The rotor is heavy and form a dead stop, it is
not a possible to bring the rotor into magnetic lock with the rotating magnetic field. For this
reason all synchronous motors have some kind of starting device. A simple starter is another
motor which brings the rotor up to approximately 90% of its synchronous speed. The starting
motor is then disconnected and the rotor locks in step with the rotating field. The more
commonly used starting method is to have the rotor include a squirrel cage induction winding.
This induction winding brings the rotor almost to synchronous speed as an induction motor. The
squirrel cage is also useful even after the motor has attained synchronous speed because it tends
to dampen rotor oscillations caused by sudden changes in loading. Your three phase synchronous
motor/generator contains a squirrel-cage-type rotor.
Equipment required:
2. Power supply module. .
Procedure:
CAUTION!
The Power should be turned off after completing each individual measurement!
1. Using your three-phase synchronous motor/generator. Power supply and AC ammeter, connect
the circuit shown in figure 7-1. Note that three stator windings are wye- connected to the fixed
415v 3Phase output of the power supply terminals 1, 2 and 3.
2.a. Turn on the power supply. Note that the motor starts smoothly and continues to run as an
ordinary induction motor.
b. Note the direction of rotation:
Rotation= _________clockwise, I=____________ A ac
c. Turn off the power supply and interchange any two of the leads from the power supply.
d. Turn on the power supply and note the direction of rotation.
Rotation=________anti-clockwise, I=__________ A ac
e. Turn off the power supply.
3. Using your electrodynamometer and synchronizing module, connect the circuit shown in
figure 7-2. Couple the motor to the electrodynamometer with the timing belt.
4.a. The synchronizing module will be used as an on-off switch for the 3 phase power to the
stator windings. Set the switch in its off position.
b. The electrodynamometer is connected to the fixed 240v ac output of the power supply,
terminals 1 and N. Set the dynamometer control knob for approximately 40% excitation.
c. The rotor of the synchronous motor is connected to the fixed 240v dc output of the power
supply, terminals 8 and N. Set the field rheostat for zero resistance (control knob turned fully cw)
and close the switch S.
5. a. Turn on the power supply. Then apply 3phase power by closing the synchronizing switch
and observe what happens. Do not leave the power on for longer than 10 seconds!
b. Describe what happened.
c. What did the armature indicate?
____________________________________________________________________________
d. Should a synchronous motor, under load, be started with DC excitation on its field?
Yes or No
6. a. Connect the circuit as figure 7.3. Use 4,5,6(variable 3phase supply )instead of 1,2,3 ( Fixed
3phase supply ) and connect the 8,N terminals of the power supply to 7,8 terminal of the
synchronous motor. keep the switch S in it’s open position. (synchronous motor is connected as
squirrel cage induction motor)
b. Set the dynamometer control nob to its full ccw position to provide a minimum staring load
for the synchronous motor
c. Turn on the power supply vary the voltage control nob for 415 volt.
c. close the switch S.
7. b. Measure and record in Table 1the line Current ,Torque and Speed.
c. Repeat (b) for each of the torques listed in the Table1, maintaining the input voltage 415V ac.
Data Table2:
Torque (N-m) Current(A) Speed(rpm)
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
e. Draw the Torque vs Speed curve on the graph paper.
Questions:
1. What precautions should be taken during the start-up period of a synchronous motor?
2. If the squirrel-cage winding were removed from a synchronous motor, could it start by itself?
Yes or No
3. State two reasons why the rotor winding of a synchronous motor is usually connected to an
external resistance during start-up.
4. Compare the starting characteristics of the synchronous motor with those of the three phase
squirrel-cage induction motor.

Experiment No:07(Part-1)
Study of the starting, no-load and full-load characteristics of Three Phase Squirrel-Cage
Induction Motor.
______________________________________________________________________________

Study of the Study of the starting, no-load and full-load characteristics of three phase Squirrel-
Cage Induction Motor.
Objective:
1. To examine the construction of the three-phase squirrel-cage motor.
2. To determine its starting, no-load and full-load characteristics.
Theory:
The simplest and most widely-used rotor for induction motors is the so-called squirrel-cage rotor,
from which the squirrel-cage induction motor gets its name. The squirrel-cage rotor consists of a
laminated iron core which is slotted lengthwise around its periphery. Solid bars of copper or
aluminum are tightly pressed or embedded into the rotor slots. At both ends of the rotor, short-
circuiting rings are welded or brazed to the bars to make a solid structure. The short-circuited
bars, because their resistance is much less than the core, do not have to be specially insulated
from the core. In some rotors the bars and end rings are cast as a single integral structure for
placement on the core. The short-circuiting elements actually form shorted turns that have high
currents induced in them by the stator field flux.
Compared to the intricately wound and arranged wound rotor or the armature other DC motor,
the squirrel-cage rotor is relatively simple. It is easy to manufacture and is essentially trouble-
free in actual service.
In an assembled squirrel-cage induction motor, the periphery of the rotor is separated from the
stator by a very small air gap. The width of this air gap, In fact, is as small as mechanical
clearance needs will permit. This insures that the strongest possible electromagnetic induction
action will take place.
When power is applied to the stator of a practical induction motor, a rotating magnetic field is
created by any one of the means you learned about. As the field begins to revolve, its flux lines
cut the shorted turns embedded around the surface of the squirrel-cage rotor and generate
voltages in them by electromagnetic induction. Because these turns are short-circuits with very
low resistance, the induced voltages causes high currents then produce their own strong magnetic
fields. These local rotor flux fields produce their own magnetic poles, which are attracted to the
rotating field. Thus, the rotor revolves with the main field.
The starting torque other basic squirrel-cage induction motor is low, because at rest the rotor has
a relatively large inductive reactance (X) with respect to its resistance (R). Under these
conditions we would expect the rotor current to lag rotor voltage by 90". We thus say that the
power factor in the circuit is low. This means that the motor is inefficient as a load and cannot
derive really useful energy for its operation from the power source.
Despite the inefficiency, torque is developed and the motor begins to turn. As it starts turning,
the difference in speed between rotor and rotating field, or slip, goes from a maximum of 100%
to some intermediate value, say 50%. As the slip decreases in this manner, the frequency of the
voltage induced in the rotor decreases, because the rotating field cuts conductors at a decreased
rate; this in turn, causes the overall inductive reactance in the circuit to decrease. As inductive
reactance decreases, the power factor begins to increase. This improvement is reflected as an
increase in torque and a subsequent increase in speed.
When the slip drops to some value between 2 and 10%, the motor speed stabilizes. This
stabilization occurs because every tendency for the motor speed to increase to where slip will
drop below 2% is naturally offset by the fact that, as the rotor approaches within 2" of the
synchronous speed, the effects of reduced induction overcome the previous tendency to increase
torque as the motor is speeded up from start-up. Thus, the motor exhibits an automatic speed
control characteristics similar to that of the DC shunt motor.
Equipment required:
1. Four-Pole Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor module.
3. Three phase wattmeter module.
Procedure:
CAUTION!
1. Using your Four-Pole Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor, Electrodynamometer, Three-Phase

Wattmeter, Power Supply, AC Ammeter and AC Voltmeter, connect the circuit shown in Figure
6-1. Do not couple the motor to the dynamometer at this timely Note that the stator windings are
wye-connected through the wattmeter to the variable 3-phase output of the power supply,
terminals 4, 5 and 6.
.
2.a. Turn on the power supply and adjust E1 415 V ac. The motor should be running.
b. Measure and record in Table-1, the three line currents, the two wattmeter indications, and the
motor speed.
c. Return the voltage to zero and turn off the power supply
Data Table1:
Torque I1 I2 I3 W1 W2 Speed
(N.m) (amp) (amp) (amp) (Watt) (Watt) (r/min)
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
3. a. Couple the motor to the electrodynamometer with the timing belt.
b. Set the dynamometer control knob at its full ccw position
c. Repeat procedure 5 for each of the torques listed in Table-1, maintaining the input voltage at
415 V ac
QUESTIONS:
1.Using the data calculated in Table-1 determine the no load characteristics of the squirrel cage
motor
a) Average current
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
b) Active Power
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
c) Apparent Power
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
d) Reactive Power
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
e) Power factor
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. Using the data calculated in Table-1 determine the 1.2 N.m characteristics of the squirrel cage
motor
a) Average current
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
b) Active Power
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
c) Apparent Power
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
d) Reactive Power
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
e) Power factor
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
e) Mechanical Power output
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
e) Efficiency
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. Write down the differences between squirrel cage rotor and wound rotor motor.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
4. “Squirrel cage motor is one of the most reliable motor used in industry” explain this.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Study of the operating characteristics and Torque Speed Relationship of Capacitor Start
Motor
______________________________________________________________________________

Study of the operating characteristics and torque speed relationship of Capacitor Start Motor.
Objective:
• To measure the starting and operating characteristics of the split-phase motor under load and no
load condition.
• To study the power factor and efficiency of the split-phase motor.
Theory:
The starting current of a split-phase motor is usually four to five time normal full-load current.
This produces two effects: 1) the motor heats very rapidly during start-up; and 2) the high
starting current can cause a large line voltage drop so that the starting torque may be seriously
reduced.
The no-load current is usually 600/0 to 80% of the full load current, which is high compared to
three-phase motors. Most of the no-load current is used to produce the magnetic field in the
motor, and only a small portion is used to overcome mechanical friction and the copper and iron
losses. Because of the large magnetizing current, the power factor of these motors is rarely more
than 60%, even at full-load.
Split phase motors tend to be much noisier than their three-phase counterparts, because of the
inherent 100 cycle mechanical vibration. This vibration can be reduced by using resilient rubber
mounting supports.
Equipment required:
1.Capacitor Start motor module.
3. Single phase wattmeter module.
Procedure:
CAUTION!
1. Using your Single-Phase Wattmeter, AC Ammeter and AC Voltmeter, connect the circuit
shown in Figure 9-4.
Note that the module is wired as a standard split-phase motor.
2. a. Couple the electrodynamometer to the capacitor-start motor with the timing belt.
b. Connect the input terminals of the electrodynamometer to the fixed 240V ac output of the
power supply, terminals 1 and N.
c. Set the electrodynamometer control knob at its full ccw position (to provide a minimum
starting load for the split-phase motor).
3. a. Turn on the power supply and adjust for 240 V ac.
b. Measure and record in Table-1 the line current, the power and motor speed.
c. Repeat (b) for each of the torques listed in the Table-1, maintaining the input voltage at 240 V
ac.
Data Table 1:
Torque I VA Pinput(W) Speed Poutput(W)
(N.m) (amps) (r/min)
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
4. a. Calculate and record in the Data Table -1, the apparent power (in VA) delivered to the
motor for each of the listed torques.
b. Calculate and record in the Table -1, the developed mechanical output power for each of the
listed torques. Use the formula:
Where, Pout = Mechanical output Power in watts (w)
N = Speed in revolution per minute (r/min)
T = Torque in Newton meter (N.m)

QUESTIONS:
1. From Table-1 state the no-load (0 N.m torque):
a) apparent power = ____________VA
b) active power = _____________ W
c) reactive power = ____________ VAR
d) power factor = _____________
2. From Table 2 state the full-load (1.2 N.m torque);
a) apparent power = ___________VA
b) active power = ___________W
c) reactive power = ___________var
d) power factor = ____________
e) power delivered =____________W
f) efficiency of the motor = __________%
g) motor losses =_____________ W
3. Based on procedures 1, 2 and 3, explain why the staring (auxiliary) winding heats much faster
than the main winding.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. “Starting Torque of a single phase induction motor is zero” explain this phenomenon. How the
problem is solved? Explain with proper figure.

Experiment No: 08 (part-2)
Study of the operating characteristics and Torque Speed Relationship of Capacitor Run
Motor
______________________________________________________________________________

Study of the operating characteristics and torque speed relationship of Capacitor Run Motor
Objective:
•To examine the construction of capacitor-run motor.

•To determine running and starting characteristics.
•To compare its running and starting performance with split-phase and capacitor start motors.
Theory:
Single phase motors are rather noisy because they vibrate at 100Hz when operated on a 50Hz
power line. Capacitor motor is very useful in this type of applications, because motor can be
designed to have low vibration under full load.
A capacitor motor in which the capacitor is in the circuit not only during the starting period; the
capacitor and its auxiliary winding are not disconnected automatically by a centrifugal switch or
other device when the motor reaches a predetermined speed is known as capacitor run motor.
The capacitor serves to shift the phase on one of the windings so that the voltage across the
winding at 90 degree from the other windings, thus making the capacitor run motor a truly two
phase machine at rated load. Because capacitor remain in the circuit at all times no centrifugal
switch is required.
When running at no load the motor is always nosier than at full load, because only under a full
load does it run as a two phase machine. If proper value of capacitance is chosen, the current
through each of the two equal stator windings, under a full load, can me made such a power
factor is close to 100%.
Equipment required:
1.Capacitor run motor module.
3. Single phase wattmeter module.
Procedure:
CAUTION!
1. Using capacitor run motor, power supply, single phase wattmeter, electrodynamometer, AC
ammeter and AC voltmeter. Connect the circuit in the figure.
2. a. Couple the electrodynamometer to the capacitor run motor with the timing belt.
b. Connect the input terminals of the electrodynamometer to the fixed 240V ac output of the
power supply, 1 terminal and N.
c. Set the electrodynamometer control knob at its full ccw position.
3. a) Turn on the power supply and adjust for 240V ac.

b)Measure and record in table the line current, power and the motor speed.
Data Table:
Torque I VA Pinput (W) Speed Poutput(W)

(N.m) (amps) (r/min)
0
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
c)repeat for each torque listed in table, maintain the input voltage 240V
d)Return the voltage zero and turn off power supply
4.a)Calculate and record in table, the apparent power delivered to the motor for each of the listed
torques
b) Calculate and record in table. Using this formula.
( )
Where, Pout(W) = mechanical output power in watts
N =Speed in revolution
T =Torque in Newton Meter
Questions:
1. From the table state the no-load(0 N.m)
a) apparent power =…………….. VA
b) active power =………………..W
c) reactive power =……………… var
d) power factor =………………..
2. From Table, state full load(1.2 N.m)

a) apparent power =…………….. VA
b) active power =………………..W
c) reactive power =……………… VAR
d) power factor =………………..
e) power delivered =…………………..W
f) efficiency of the motor =………….. %
g) motor losses =……………….W
3.How can you change the direction of rotation of a capacitor run motor?
……………………………………………………………………………..
4.Difference between Capacitor start and capacitor Run motor.

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Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

North South University

EEE 363 – Electrical Machines

Name of the experiment:

•To obtain the saturation Curve of the generator.

3 a. Using your DC Motor/Generator and DC Voltmeter/Ammeter, connect the circuit shown in

e. Make sure the brushes are in their neutral position.

f. Have your instructor check your circuit.

needed to drive the generator (assume 80% efficiency)?

North South University

EEE 363 – Electrical Machines

Name of the experiment:

•To calculate the efficiency of the shunt wound DC motor.

In this Experiment you will investigate the efficiency of a DC shunt motor.

1. Using your Power Supply, DC Motor/Generator, DC Voltmeter/Ammeter and

b) Draw a smooth curve through your plotted points.

Speed regulation =_________ %

Where, Pout = Mechanical Output Power in watts (W)

N = Speed in revolutions per minute (r/min)

T = Torque in Newton-meter (N·m)

Pout = __________ (W)

2. What is the input power (in watts) of the motor in Question 1?

Input power =_________ W

Efficiency = (power output/power input) x 100%

5. List where some of these losses occur.

7. Give two reasons why losses are undesirable.

North South University

EEE 363 – Electrical Machines

Name of the experiment:

• To calculate the efficiency of the series wound DC motor.

1. Using your Power Supply, DC Motor/Generator, DC Voltmeter/Ammeter and

Electrodynamometer, connect the circuit shown in Figure 5-1.

Do not apply Power at this time

b) Adjust the variable voltage for exactly V dc as indicated by the meter.

Record these values in Table-1.

b) Draw a smooth curve through your plotted points.

Speed regulation =________ %

motor when the torque is 1.2 N-m. Use the equation.

N = Speed in revolutions per minute (r/min)

2. What is the input power (in watts) of the motor in Question 1?

Input power = ___________W

4. What are the losses (in watts) of the motor in Question 1?

North South University

EEE 363 – Electrical Machines

Name of the experiment:

When a transformer is in operation, AC currents flow in its windings and an alternating

b) Primary volt-amperes (VA) = Secondary volt-amperes (VA)

c) Primary vars = Secondary vars.

Transformers are subject to accidental short-circuits caused by natural and manmade

1. Examine the construction of the Single-Phase Transformer paying particular

2 The Single Phase Transformer

a. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 1-1.

g. Could you measure the value of magnetizing (exciting) current? Explain

3 The Single Phase Transformer

4 The Single Phase Transformer

c. Measure and record E1, I1, and I2.

c. Measure and record I3 and El.

5 The Single Phase Transformer

3. If 240 V ac were applied to winding 3 to 4, what would be the voltages across:

Rotation= _clockwise, I=____ A ac