Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 53 views

    2.4 Eye Disorders: 2.4.1 Refractive Errors (Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, Astigmatism)

    Uploaded by

    Amry Irsyada Yusuf
    Refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism are common eye disorders that cause blurred vision. Myopia occurs when the eye is too long or the refractive power is too strong, causing images to form in front of the retina. Hyperopia is the opposite, where the eye is too short or refractive power too weak, forming images behind the retina. Astigmatism results from the cornea or lens not being perfectly round. Presbyopia develops with age as the lens hardens, making it difficult to focus on near objects. Amblyopia or 'lazy eye' reduces vision in one eye because the brain favors the other eye, often due to refractive error differences between the eyes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    2.4 Eye Disorders: 2.4.1 Refractive Errors (Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, Astigmatism)

    Uploaded by

    Amry Irsyada Yusuf
    53 views2 pages
    Refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism are common eye disorders that cause blurred vision. Myopia occurs when the eye is too long or the refractive power is too strong, causing images to form in front of the retina. Hyperopia is the opposite, where the eye is too short or refractive power too weak, forming images behind the retina. Astigmatism results from the cornea or lens not being perfectly round. Presbyopia develops with age as the lens hardens, making it difficult to focus on near objects. Amblyopia or 'lazy eye' reduces vision in one eye because the brain favors the other eye, often due to refractive error differences between the eyes.

    Original Description:

    eye disorder

    Original Title

    4.1.4EyeDisorder

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism are common eye disorders that cause blurred vision. Myopia occurs when the eye is too long or the refractive power is too strong, causing images to form in front of the retina. Hyperopia is the opposite, where the eye is too short or refractive power too weak, forming images behind the retina. Astigmatism results from the cornea or lens not being perfectly round. Presbyopia develops with age as the lens hardens, making it difficult to focus on near objects. Amblyopia or 'lazy eye' reduces vision in one eye because the brain favors the other eye, often due to refractive error differences between the eyes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    53 views2 pages

    2.4 Eye Disorders: 2.4.1 Refractive Errors (Myopia, Hyperopia, Presbyopia, Astigmatism)

    Uploaded by

    Amry Irsyada Yusuf
    Refractive errors like myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia and astigmatism are common eye disorders that cause blurred vision. Myopia occurs when the eye is too long or the refractive power is too strong, causing images to form in front of the retina. Hyperopia is the opposite, where the eye is too short or refractive power too weak, forming images behind the retina. Astigmatism results from the cornea or lens not being perfectly round. Presbyopia develops with age as the lens hardens, making it difficult to focus on near objects. Amblyopia or 'lazy eye' reduces vision in one eye because the brain favors the other eye, often due to refractive error differences between the eyes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    2.

    4 Eye disorders

    2.4.1 Refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, astigmatism)

    The term ‘refractive error’ encompasses myopia (near-sightedness or short-sightedness),


    hyperopia (far-sightedness or long-sightedness), presbyopia and astigmatism. Most
    people have one or more of these disorders, which are routinely corrected with glasses,
    contact lenses or surgery. The cornea, the lens and the axial length (the length of the eye)
    all contribute to the eye’s refractive power. When each eye has a different refractive error,
    this is known as anisometropia.

    Myopia
    Myopia occurs when images are formed in front of the retina because the eye is relatively
    too long or the refractive powers of the cornea and lens of the eye are relatively too
    strong. The result is a blurred image.

    Very high levels of myopia are associated other eye conditions such as cataracts,
    glaucoma and retinal detachment, which can lead to low vision and even legal blindness.

    Hyperopia
    Hyperopia occurs when images are formed behind the retina because the eye is relatively
    too short or the refractive powers of the cornea and lens of the eye are relatively too
    weak. The result is a blurred image.

    Astigmatism
    Astigmatism results from the cornea (or the lens) not being ‘perfectly’ round. A cornea or
    lens with such smooth surface curvature refracts all incoming light the same way and
    makes a sharply focused image on the retina. However, if your cornea or lens is not
    evenly and smoothly curved this causes a refractive error, resulting in a blurred image.
    Astigmatism of some degree is present in approximately 30–40% of people who wear
    glasses or contact lenses.

    Most investigations look at refractive error in the central part of the retina; however, there
    have been some studies that have shown that peripheral refractive errors can exist in eyes
    that have little central astigmatism.

    Presbyopia
    As we age, the lens gradually hardens and becomes less pliable, making it increasingly
    difficult to focus on near objects. By about 45 years of age, most people require reading
    correction. Many people assume that this correction is for hyperopia; however, the
    condition is called presbyopia.

    2.4.2 Amblyopia

    Amblyopia, also known as ‘lazy eye’, is the term used when vision in one eye is reduced
    because the pathways from the eye to the visual cortex of the brain do not develop or
    mature properly. The eye itself looks normal, but is not used normally because the brain
    favours the other eye. Amblyopia may be caused when the position of the two eyes is not
    balanced, or when one eye is more near-sighted, far-sighted or astigmatic than the other
    eye.

    You might also like