Note 1.1 FUNCTIONS EXERCISE 1.

1. Given f : x  2 x  5 .
ONE TO ONE RELATION a) Find the images for each of the values of – 1 , 0 , 1
and 3 .
b) Also find the object for which the image is 7.

d . .w 12
2. Given the function h ( x )  hx  k , f (0) = – 3 and f ( 6 )
e. . x =2
f. Find : a) the values of h and of k
. y b) the values of x if f (x) = x

3. Sketch the graph of absolute value function

MANY TO ONE RELATION
f ( x)  x2 in the domain  4  x  2 .
Hence determine the range of the function.

Answers:
Sam . . 300
1. a) – 7 , – 5 , – 3 , 1 b) 6
Joee . . 400
2. a) h=1, k= –4 b) x= –2,6
Koh.
. 500 3.
fx  = x+2
4

ABSOLUTE VALUE FUNCTIONS

2

The modulus or absolute value of a number x is

written as |x|. -8 -6 -4 -2 2 4

-1

 x if x0
f ( x)  
 x if x 0 The range of f is 0  f ( x )  4
 PRACTICE 1.1.1 A The arrow diagram below represents part of the mapping
36 a
f ( x)  , x  
The arrow diagram below represents part of the mapping a  bx b
36 a 12 12
f ( x)  , x  
a  bx b Find the value of a and of b.
12 12 9 9
Find the value of a and of b. 8 8
9 9
8 8 3 3

3 3 Solution:

Solution:
Steps Solution
1. Write down in terms of
Steps Solution f ( x) 
36
1. Write down in terms of 36 36 a  bx
f (8)   9 , f (9)  12
36 a  8b a  9b
f ( x) 
a  bx
2. Simplify a  8b  4 ...1
a  9b  3 ... 2  2. Simplify
3. Solve simultaneously : ( 2)  (1) b  1
eliminate a
4. Substitute b into (1) or (2) a  8( 1)  4
 a  12 3. Solve simultaneously :
eliminate a

4. Substitute b into (1) or (2)

PRACTICE 1.1.1 B PRACTICE 1.1.1 C PRACTICE 1.1.2 A

Given a function f:x→| 4x – 5|. Find the following
(a) image of – 1
(b) objects that has the image 3.
(c ) Sketch the graph of f ( x)  4 x  5 for the domain  2  x  2
and state the corresponding range of f ( x )
The arrow diagram below represents part of the function
given.
f
x hx 2  kx  3

2 1 Solution:
Steps Solution
1. Substitute – 1 into x f(-1) = | 4 (-1) -5 | = | – 9 | = 9
–1 –7 2. Image 3 means f ( x ) = 3 | 4x – 5 |= 3
3. Using the definition of
absolute value of function 4x – 5 = 3

4x – 5 = – 3
Find the value of h and of k . 4. Solve for x 4x  8  x  2
4x  2  x  0.5
Solution: 5. Prepare the table of the x –2 –1 0 1 2
domain given. f(x) 13 9 5 1 3

6. Find the value of x when 4x  5  0

f(x)=0 5
x
4
7. Sketch the graph
  

1.5

0.5

-1 1 2

8. State the range of f ( x ) 1  f ( x )  13

, PRACTICE 1.1.2 B
Given a ,function f:x→| 4x – 5|. Find the following
(a) image of – 1
(b) objects that has the image 3.
(c ) Sketch the graph of f ( x)  4 x  5 for the domain
2 x  2
and state the corresponding range of f ( x )
Solution: Solution:
Steps Solution
1. Substitute – 1 into x

2. Image 3 means f ( x ) = 3

3. Using the definition of

absolute value of function

4. Solve for x

5. Prepare the table of the

domain given.

6. Find the value of x when

f(x)=0

7. Sketch the graph

8. State the range of f ( x )

PRACTICE 1.1.2 C
Note . .
d 1.2 COMPOSITEwFUNCTIONS . 300
Given a ,function f ( x )  x 2  4 . Find the following
f g
(a) image of – 2 e . . x . 400
(b) Sketch the graph of f ( x)  4 x  5 for the domain  2  x  2
and state the corresponding range of f ( x )
f . . y . 500
 Solution:
gf(1)

1. Firstly substitute x = 1 into f (x) = x + 3 f(1)=1+3

to obtain the value of f (1)
EXERCISE 1.2.1 f(1)=4

1. Function k dan function h are given

k ( x ) = 3x + 1 dan h ( x ) = 5 – x. 2. Substitute f (1) = 4 into g f ( 1 ). g(4)
Find
( a ) hk (2) ( b ) kh (2 )
1
2. Given fungsi f(x)= x + 1 . Find g( 4 ) = 9 – 2 ( 4 )
2 3. Substitute x = 4 into g(x) = 9 – 2x.
= 1
(a) f (8 ) ( b ) ff ( 8 )

3. Given function g(x ) = x2 and f (x ) = 3 x.

Find
( a ) gf ( -1 ) ( b ) fg ( 4 )

Answers

1. ( a ) – 2 (b) 10
7
2. ( a ) 5 (b)
2
3. ( a ) 9 ( b ) 48
PRACTICE 1.2.1 A PRACTICE 1.2.1 B

Given f ( x ) = x + 3 and g ( x ) = 9 – 2x. Given f ( x ) = x + 3 and g ( x ) = 9 – 2x.

Find g f ( 1 ) Find g f ( 1 )
Solution : Solution :

1. Firstly substitute x = 1 into f (x) = x + 3

to obtain the value of f (1)

2. Substitute f (1) = 4 into g f ( 1 ).

3. Substitute x = 4 into g(x) = 9 – 2x.

PRACTICE 1.2.1 C EXERCISE 1.2.2

Given f ( x ) = x + 3 and g ( x ) = 9 – 2x. 1. Given f : x →x + 2 and fg : x→ 3x – 2 . Find g.

Find gf ( 1 )
 Solutions:
2. A function is defined by p : x  x  5 . Another function q is
such that qp : x  x 2  10 x  2 . Find the function q . STEPS SOLUTION
ANSWERS 1. Substitute g(x) into f(x)

1. g: x →3x – 4
2. Solve to find g(x)
2. q : x  x 2  27

PRACTICE 1.2.2 A PRACTICE 1.2.2 C

2x  5
Given f : x →3x + 2 , fg : x → , x  2 . Find g.
Given f : x →2x+4 and fg : x→3x – 8. Find g. x2

Solutions: Solutions:

STEPS SOLUTION
1. Substitute g(x) into f(x) 2 g(x) + 4 = 3x -8

2. Solve to find g(x) 2 g(x) = 3x -12

3 x  12
g(x) =
2
3 x  12
 g : x→ 2

PRACTICE 1.2.2B PRACTICE 1.2.3 A

Given f : x →2x+4 and fg : x→3x – 8. Find g. 1 11

Given f : x → x – 2 and gf : → , x≠ . Find g.
11  3 x 3
Solutions:
Solutions:
STEPS SOLUTION
1 STEPS SOLUTION
1. Let gf ( x ) = 1
11  3 x
1. Let gf ( x ) =
11  3 x
2. Substitute f (x ) into g ( x ) 1
g[ f (x )]=
11  3 x 2. Substitute f (x ) into g ( x )

3. Substitute ( x – 2 ) into g 1
g ( x – 2 )=
11  3 x
3. Substitute ( x – 2 ) into g
4. Let u = x – 2 , hence  g (u ) 
1
x=u+2 11  3(u  2)
1
11  3u  6
1 4. Let u = x – 2 , hence
 x=u+2
5  3u
1 5
g : x  ,x 
5  3x 3

PRACTICE 1.2.3 B
PRACTICE 1.2.3 C

1 11
Given f : x → x – 2 and gf : → , x≠ . Find g. 3
11  3 x 3 Given f : x → x + 1 and gf : →, , x  2 . Find g.
x2
Solutions:

EXERCISE 1.3

1. Given f ( x)  9 x  8, find f 1 (7).

2x  7
2. Given g ( x)  , find g -1 (5).
3
2x
3. Given f 1 ( x)  , find f ( 4).
3 x
(If f (4) = a , then 4 = f-1(a) )
2x  7
4. Given g 1 ( x)  , find g(5).
3
(if g (-5) = a then -5 = g-1(a) )

Answers

5
1. f 1 (7)  2. g -1 = 11
3

3. f (4) = 2 4. g (5)  4
Review f(x) = 2x
Note 1.3 INVERSE FUNCTIONS PRACTICE 1.3 A

5. . 10 Given g ( x)  6 x  5. Find g 1 (17).

x
f - 1 (x) =
2
Solutions:
Solutions:
Steps Solution

Steps Solution
1. Let inverse function equals to a g -1(17) = a

1. Let inverse function equals to a

2. Let a be the object
17 = g(a)

2. Let a be the object.

3. Substitute a in the given function 17 = 6a + 5

3. Substitute a in the given function

6a = 17 – 5
4. Solve the solution, find the value of a
a=2

4. Solve the solution, find the value of

a
5. Substitute a in the first step. g -1(17) = 2

5. Substitute a in the first step.

PRACTICE 1.3 C
PRACTICE 1.3 B

Given g ( x)  6 x  5. Find g 1 (17). Given g ( x)  6 x  5. Find g 1 (17).

 1. Based on the above information, the relation between
Solutions: P and Q is defined by the set of ordered pairs
{(1,2),(1,4),(2,6),(2,8)}. State

(a) the image of 1

(b) the object of 2 [2 marks]

Answer: 1.(a) 2 or 4 (b) 1

SPM 2003
SPM 2003 3472/1
3472/1
P = { 1, 2, 3 } 2. Given that g : x → 5x + 1 and h : x→ x2 – 2x +3, find
Q = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 }
 (a) g-1 (3) (b) hg (x)
.w
[4 marks] d .
e. . x

f. . y

. z

Set P Set Q

State

(a) the range of the relation

(b) the type of the relation

[2 marks]

2
Answer: (a) g-1(3) = (b) hg(x) = 25x2 + 2
5 Answers: (a) Range = {x,y} (b) Relation many to one.
SPM 2004
3472/1

1. The diagram shows the relation between set P and set Q