PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW

SY 2017-2018

Nature of International Law

Theories
Command/Positivism
Consensual
Natural Law
Public vs. Private International Law

1987 Constitution
Section 2, Article II
Section 21, Article VII
Section 5, Article VIII
Section 18 (7), Article XIII
Section 25, Article XVIII

Sources of International Law

Formal vs. Material

Article 38 and 59 - Statute of the International Court of Justice

Customary Law
State Practice
Opinio Juris Sive Necessitatis

Persistent Objector Rule

Treaties
Vis-à-vis Customary Law
Article 53 – Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Jus Cogens
Jus Dispositivum
Erga Omnes

General Principles of Law

Judicial Decisions
Teachings of Highly Qualified Writers and Publicists
Equity

Other Sources
Soft Law vs. Hard Law
Unilateral Actions

The Paquete Habana [175 U.S. 677 (1900)]

North Sea Continental Shelf Cases [1969 I.C.J. 1]
The Asylum Case [1950 I.C.J. 6]
Nicaragua vs. US [1986 I.C.J. 1]

Right of Passage over Indian Territory [1960 I.C.J. 6]

Anglo Norweigan Fisheries[1951 I.C.J. 3]

Mijares vs. Ranada [G.R. No. 139325, 12 April 2005]

Kuroda v. Jalandoni [G.R. No. L-2662, 26 March 1949]

Diversion of the Water from the Meuse (1937)

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 Pharmaceutical and Health Care Association of the Philippines vs. Duque III [G.R. No. 173034, 9 October
2007]
ANG LADLAD LGBT Party vs. COMELEC [G.R. No. 190582, 8 April 2010]

Nuclear Test Cases [1974 I.C.J. 253]

Province of North Cotabato vs. GRP Peace Panel [G.R. No. 183591, 14 October 2008]

Treaties
1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Article 2 (a) to (d)
Article 15 – Accession

Article 26 – Pacta Sunt Servanda

Article 46

Grounds for Invalidating a Treaty

Articles 48 to 53

Amendment vs. Modification

Termination of Treaties
Article 61 – Material Breach
Article 62 – Supervening Impossibility of Performance
Article 63 – Rebus Sic Stantibus

1978 Vienna Convention on the Succession of States with Respect to Treaties

Article 16 – Clean Slate Rule
Article 11 – Uti Possidetis

Quatar vs. Bahrain [I.C.J. 1994]

Nicolas vs. Romulo [G.R. No. 175888, 11 February 2009]

BAYAN vs. Zamora [G.R. No. 138570, 10 October 2000]

Saguisag vs. Ochoa [G.R. No. 212426, 12 January 2016 and 26 July 2016]

Pimentel vs. Executive Secretary [G.R. No. 158088, 6 July 2005]

Bayan Muna vs. Romulo [G.R. No. 159618, 1 February 2011]

China National Machinery & Equipment Corp. vs. Santamaria [G.R. No. 185572, 7 February 2012]

Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (South West Africa)
[Advisory Opinion (1971)]
Fisheries Jurisdiction (United Kingdom vs. Iceland) [1973 I.C.J. 3]
Danube Dam Case [1997 I.C.J. 7]

International Law and Municipal Law

Dualism vs. Monism
Municipal Law in International Law
International Law in Domestic Law
Transformation Doctrine
Incorporation Doctrine
Conflict
International Rule
Municipal Rule

Lim vs. Executive Secretary [G.R. No. 151445, 11 April 2002]

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Subjects of International Law
States

Article 1, Montevideo Convention of 1933 on Rights and Duties of States

Existence
Recognition of States
Declaratory Theory
Constitutive Theory
Recognition of Government
Succession of States
Fundamental Rights
Incomplete Subjects
Protectorates
Federal State
Mandated and Trust Territories

International Status of South West Africa [Advisory Opinion I.C.J. (1950)]

Province of North Cotabato vs. GRP Peace Panel [G.R. No. 183591, 14 October 2008]
Judgment of the Nuremberg Tribunal

International Organizations
United Nations
Article 103 – Supremacy Clause
Principal Organs
Insurgents
National Liberation Movements

Legality of the Use by a State of Nuclear Weapons in Armed Conflict [1996 I.C.J. 66]

World Health Organization vs. Aquino [G.R. No. L-35131, 29 November 1972]
International Catholic Immigration Commission vs. Calleja [G.R. No. 85750, 28 September 1990] and
Kapisanan ng mga Manggagawa vs. Secretary of Labor and Employment [G.R. No. 89331, 28 September
1990]*
Lasco vs. United Nations Revolving Fund for Natural Resources Exploration [G.R. Nos. 109095-109107,
23 February 1995]
Kapisanan ng mga Manggagawa vs. International Rice Research Institute [G.R. No. 106483, 22 May
1995]*

Department of Foreign Affairs vs. NLRC [G.R. No. 113191, 18 September 1996]
Liang (Huefeng) vs. People of the Philippines [G.R. No. 125865, 28 January 2000]
Concurring Opinion – J. Puno [26 March 2001]

Individuals

Territory
Modes of Acquisition

Western Sahara Case [Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. (1975)]

Island of Palmas Case [2 U.N. R.I.A.A. 829]

Law of the Sea

Baselines
Archipelagic States
Straight Archipelagic Baselines
Archipelagic Waters
Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage

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 Regime of Islands
Internal Waters
Territorial Sea
Exclusive Economic Zone
Continental Shelf
Extended Continental Shelf
International Tribunal of the Law of the Sea

Republic Act No. 9522

Section 2, Republic Act No. 5446

Magallona vs. Ermita [G.R. No. 187167, 16 July 2011]

In the matter of the South China Sea Arbitration [P.C.A. 2013-19]

Jurisdiction of States
Territoriality
Subjective vs. Objective Principle

Article 27, UNCLOS

Nationality Principle and Statelessness
Protective Principle
Universality Principle
Passive Personality Principle

Conflicts
Balancing Test
International Comity
Forum Non Conveniens

Trail Smelter Case [R.I.A.A. 1938 and 1941]

Blackmer vs. United States [284 U.S. 421 (1932)]

Nottebohm Case [I.C.J. 1955]

Mejoff vs. Director of Prisons [G.R. No. L-4254, 26 September 1951]

United States vs. Yunis [681 F. Supp. 896, (1988)]

People vs. Lol-lo [G.R. No. 17958, 27 February 1922]

Extradition
Vis-à-vis Deportation
Notice and Hearing
Bail
Section 2(a) and 3(a) Presidential Decree No. 1069
Principle of Specialty

United States vs. Alvarez-Machain [504 U.S. 655 (1992)]**

Rodriguez vs. Presiding Judge of RTC of Manila [G.R. No. 157977, February 27, 2006]
Secretary of Justice vs. Lantion [G.R. No. 139465, 17 October 2000]
Government of the U.S.A vs. Purganan [G.R. No. 148571, 24 September 2002]

Government of Hongkong – SAR vs. Olalia [G.R. No. 153675, 19 April 2007]
Government of Hongkong – SAR vs. Muñoz [G.R. No. 207342, 16 August 2016]

Immunity from Jurisdiction

Immunity of Head of State

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 State Immunity
Basic Principles in Diplomatic and Consular Law
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations
Article 9
Article 31
Article 32

Sections 4, 5 and 7, Republic Act No. 75

Vienna Convention on Consular Relations

Article 41
Article 43
Act of State Doctrine

Arigo vs. Swift [G.R. No. 206510, 16 September 2014]

United States of America vs. Guinto [G.R. No. 76607, 26 February 1990]
Sanders vs. Veridiano [G.R. No. L-46930, 10 June 1988]
United States of America vs. Ruiz [G.R. No. L-35645, 22 May 1985]

Deutsche Gesellschaft fr Technische Zusammenarbeit vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 152318, 16 April
2009]
Holy See vs. Rosario [G.R. No. 101949, 1 December 1994]

Minucher vs. Court of Appeals [G.R. No. 142396, 11 February 2011]

The Republic of Indonesia vs. Vinzon [G.R. No. 154705, 26 June 2003]

Case Concerning the United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran [I.C.J. 1 (1980)]

PCGG vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 124772, 14 August 2007]

State Responsibility
Protection of Aliens
Doctrine

The Corfu Channel Case, Judgment of 9th April 1949 [I.C.J. Reports p. 4 (1949)]

Case Concerning the United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran [I.C.J. 1 (1980)]

Home Frontier and Foreign Missionary Society of the United Brethren in Christ [R.I.A.A. (1920)]

Chorzow Factory Case [P.C.I.J. (1928)]

International Human Rights Law

Universal Declaration of Human Rights
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights

International Criminal Court

Republic vs. Sandiganbayan [G.R. No. 104678, July 21, 2003]

Marcos vs. Manglapus [G.R. No. 88211, 15 September 1989]

Dissenting Opinions

Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes

Methods
Non-judicial

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 Quasi-judicial
Judicial
International Court of Justice
Contentious Jurisdiction
Parties
Optional Clause System
Decisions
Article 59 – 61, Statute of the International Court of Justice
Article 94, United Nations Charter
Advisory Jurisdiction
Article 65, Statute of the International Court of Justice
Article 96, United Nations Charter

Use of Force
Article 2(4), United Nations Charter
Article 51, United Nations Charter
Traditionally Allowable Coercive Measures
Retorsion
Reprisal
Embargo
Boycott
Non-intercourse
Pacific Blockade

Nicaragua vs. US [1986 I.C.J. 1]

International Humanitarian Law

Categories of Armed Conflicts
International
Common Article 2, Geneva Conventions of 1949
Article 1(4), Additional Protocol I of 1977 – War of National Liberation
Internal/ Non-international
Common Article 3, Geneva Conventions of 1949
Article 1, Additional Protocol II of 1977

Republic Act No. 9851

Jurisdiction

International Environmental Law

Section 16, Article II, 1987 Constitution
Principle 21, Stockholm Declaration – Good Neighborliness
Principle 15, Rio Declaration – Precautionary Principle
-J. Leonen, Social Justice Society (SJS) Officers vs. Lim [G.R. No. 187836, 25 November 2014]

Resident Marine Mammals of the Protected Seascape Tanon Strait [G.R. No. 180771, 21 April 2015]

Trail Smelter Case [R.I.A.A. 1938 and 1941]