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    Biaxial Bending

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    Duken Marga
    The design of columns for biaxial bending is similar to uniaxial bending design. For biaxial bending, the two moments are represented as vectors and added to give the resultant moment about a single axis. Different design codes provide simplified approaches for biaxial bending design using empirical formulas. The CP110 code proposed an interaction formula that relates the ratio of applied moments to the maximum moment capacities, with the coefficient α dependent on the ratio of applied axial load to maximum axial capacity. This approach was theoretically justified based on a three-dimensional interaction diagram representing the section's ultimate capacity under all load combinations.

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    Biaxial Bending

    Uploaded by

    Duken Marga
    67 views6 pages
    The design of columns for biaxial bending is similar to uniaxial bending design. For biaxial bending, the two moments are represented as vectors and added to give the resultant moment about a single axis. Different design codes provide simplified approaches for biaxial bending design using empirical formulas. The CP110 code proposed an interaction formula that relates the ratio of applied moments to the maximum moment capacities, with the coefficient α dependent on the ratio of applied axial load to maximum axial capacity. This approach was theoretically justified based on a three-dimensional interaction diagram representing the section's ultimate capacity under all load combinations.

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    The design of columns for biaxial bending is similar to uniaxial bending design. For biaxial bending, the two moments are represented as vectors and added to give the resultant moment about a single axis. Different design codes provide simplified approaches for biaxial bending design using empirical formulas. The CP110 code proposed an interaction formula that relates the ratio of applied moments to the maximum moment capacities, with the coefficient α dependent on the ratio of applied axial load to maximum axial capacity. This approach was theoretically justified based on a three-dimensional interaction diagram representing the section's ultimate capacity under all load combinations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    67 views6 pages

    Biaxial Bending

    Uploaded by

    Duken Marga
    The design of columns for biaxial bending is similar to uniaxial bending design. For biaxial bending, the two moments are represented as vectors and added to give the resultant moment about a single axis. Different design codes provide simplified approaches for biaxial bending design using empirical formulas. The CP110 code proposed an interaction formula that relates the ratio of applied moments to the maximum moment capacities, with the coefficient α dependent on the ratio of applied axial load to maximum axial capacity. This approach was theoretically justified based on a three-dimensional interaction diagram representing the section's ultimate capacity under all load combinations.

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    Biaxial Bending of Columns

    The design of columns for biaxial bending is treated differently


    by different design codes. This is due to the fact that different
    codes present different simplified empirical formulae to aid
    designers.

    In essence the design of columns for biaxial bending is exactly


    similar to the design of reinforced concrete columns for uniaxial
    bending. Consider a column that is subjected to bending about
    two axes. The two moments can be represented graphically as
    vectors and added to give the resultant moment, which is about a
    single axis perpendicular to the resultant moment. Now the
    design of the column section proceeds as per the standard
    procedure for uniaxial bending with the added complication that
    the neutral axis is no longer parallel with the top of the section.
    This procedure is relatively easy to use to construct an
    interaction diagram for a particular column section.
    Note: See example from 3rd year notes.
    Procedures suggested by Design Codes
    The Eurocode 2 offers no simplified procedure. However, the
    UK design codes offer a simplified approach that is suitable for
    design.

    BS 8110 Approach

    Mx My  h' 
    ≥ ⇒ M x ' = M x + β  M y
    h' b'  b' 

    and for

    Mx My  b' 
    < ⇒ M y ' = M y + β  M x
    h' b'  h' 

    where

    0.7 N
    β = 1.0 − but not less than 0.3
    0.6bhf cu
    The CP110 Code of Practice (which has been withdrawn)

    Had a different but perhaps more technically justified approach.


    This code required that:

    α α
     Mx  M 
      +  y  ≤ 1.0
    M 
     M ux   uy 

    Where Mux and Muy are the maximum moment capacities about
    the x and y axes with an axial load N.

    N
    The value of α is related to
    N ud

    Where

    f   fy 
    N ud = 0.67 cu  Ac +   As
    γm  γ m 

    N α
    N ud
    ≤ 0.2 1.0
    0.4 1.33
    0.6 1.67
    ≥ 0.8 2.0
    Justification for CP110 Approach
    The basis of the formulae presented is as follows. Consider what
    a three dimensional interaction diagram for biaxial bending
    would look like?

    For different values of Mx and My the neutral axis will be at


    different angles. For any given ratio of Mx to My the neutral axis
    will be at a constant angle and we may plot an interaction
    diagram by calculating the Axial load and Moment for different
    depths of neutral axis.

    For example the axial capacity will be given by,

    No . B _ top No . B _ bot .
    N ult = Fc + ∑ f si ' Asi ' + ∑ f sj Asj
    i =1 j =1

    where the stress in each reinforcing bar is considered separately.


    A similar expression can be developed for the moment capacity.
    All these interaction diagrams can be represented with a three-
    dimensional interaction diagram.
    This surface represents the ultimate capacity of a section under
    all combinations of axial load and bending. For a given axial
    load N we can draw a 2D section of the interaction diagram.
    N
    Depending on the Ratio the curve from M y,max to
    N max
    M x,max varies. CP 110 describes this curve as

    α α
     M y ,ult   M 
      +  x ,ult  = 1
     M y ,max   M x ,max 

    N
    where alpha is dependent on .
    N max

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