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ENERGY PROJECTS IN JORDAN

October 2017
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Nada Abdul Rahim – Economic and Commercial Counsellor

Najwa Eid – Commercial Assistant
OUTLINE
1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECTS ................................................................................................................................... 5
3. OIL SHALE PROJECTS ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
4. GREEN ENERGY PROJECTS ........................................................................................................................................... 9
4.1 PV/SOLAR/WHEELING PROJECTS 11
4.2 WIND PROJECTS 18
4.3 OTHER RELATED PROJECTS 23
5. NUCLEAR PROJECTS ...................................................................................................................................................... 24
6. OIL & GAS PROJECTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 29
7. CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................................................... 33
8. MAIN CONTACTS ............................................................................................................................................................... 34
9. OTHER CONTACTS............................................................................................................................................................37
10. SOURCES ............................................................................................................................................................................... 39

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pagina 2 van 40 Energy projects in Jordan

1. INTRODUCTION
Energy remains one of Jordan’s top challenges. The Kingdom has almost no indigenous energy resources.
It imports some 96% of the energy it consumes mostly at global market prices. Population increases,
industrial development and a growing economy have also led to a rise in annual demand for power of
around 5.5% - 6.5%. This almost complete reliance on foreign oil imports consumes a significant amount
of the country’s GDP (about 18% in 2014).

Although Jordan had always relied on external sources to satisfy the majority of its energy needs, the
unprecedented developments in the energy sector witnessed during the last decade have exposed the
Kingdom's vulnerability to disruptions in energy supplies. This has been compounded by unfavourable
regional conditions in terms of instability and insecurity, according to Oxford Business News.

Before 2003, Jordan used to rely overwhelmingly on oil imported from Iraq at discounted prices. Due to
the war on Iraq that took place in 2003 and the associated toppling of the Iraqi regime, Jordan had to
resort elsewhere to meet its energy needs.

Two important developments took place at the time:

- The development of the National Energy Strategy, which aimed at utilising domestic sources of
energy;

- The signing of a natural gas import agreement with Egypt to supply the country with an affordable
source of energy, mainly for electricity generation, which entailed supplying Jordan with its needs
to generate electricity and distribute it domestically at affordable prices.

The deal signed with Egypt provided Jordan with large quantities of natural gas at discounted prices. In
2010, more than 6 years after the signing of the agreement, natural gas imports, which generated 80% of
Jordan’s electricity, began to decline drastically until they were almost completely halted in 2014 as a result
of the continuous bombing of the Arab gas pipeline. All these factors left Jordan struggling to meet its
energy requirements and forced it to turn to expensive oil imports.

Throughout the period between 2003 and 2010, Jordan did not take any concrete steps to implement any
part of the National Energy Strategy. Rising energy prices had a double negative effect on the Jordanian
economy. One major impact was on the public sector, while the second was on the private sector. This
spurred the Kingdom to invest in alternative energy projects to quell the growing pressure on a national
budget officials have called unsustainable. Consequently, the government made the sector a top priority by
crafting a balanced program that encourages the development of cost-efficient renewable energy and
fossil-fuel power projects. This energy policy is guided by several major strategic plans:

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 3 van 40

Jordan’s Vision 2025, the government’s ambitious economic plan, pays close attention to the energy sector
by seeking to raise the proportion of energy consumption met from local supplies from 2% to almost 40%
within the next decade. Main action points will involve:
• focus on oil shale,
• encouraging energy conservation and awareness,
• generating electricity from nuclear energy,
• promoting the development of renewable energy projects.

The government also hopes to boost the share of renewables from 1.5% to 11% by 2025, while aiming to see
nuclear power contribute 15% over the same period.

Moreover, the main guidelines included the implementation of a subsidy removal plan, eliminating all
subsidies for oil products; the adoption of the country’s first National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP);
the implementation of net-metering and wheeling schemes, and the formulation of minimum energy
performance standards for household appliances.

Energy development is also guided by the Master Strategy of the Energy Sector of Jordan (National Energy
Strategy) updated in 2007 to include renewable energy targets. Running until 2020, the plan forecasts $18
billion of new private and public investment in domestic power projects to boost domestic energy
generation to 40% by 2020. The plan is notable for its emphasis on private investment in the energy sector
and includes a variety of incentives for potential investors, including a 100% exemption from income tax
for 10 years.

This drive to bolster local energy production is now gaining pace as Jordan moves to forge new public and
private partnerships for a number of wide-ranging projects that will help to diversify its power mix and
help create a sustainable energy future.

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2. WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECTS
Waste-to-energy is getting increasing attention in Jordan because of the cheap and abundant availability
of a wide range of biomass feedstock, including municipal solid waste, sewage, industrial waste, etc. In
terms of quantity per capita and constituents, the waste generated in Jordan is comparable to most semi-
industrialized nations (about 0.95 kg/day). The total generation of municipal waste in Jordan is estimated
at 2 million tons per year.

Another major waste resource in Jordan is in the form of industrial organic waste from vegetable markets
and slaughterhouses, agro-industries, olive mills, animal manure, etc.

2.1 GHABAWI LANDFILL GAS TO ENERGY PROJECT

Client
Greater Amman Municipality (GAM)

Developer
Unnamed Chinese Company

Description
Generation of electricity by burning methane from Al Ghabawi solid waste landfill, the first of its kind
project in Jordan. The generated electricity will be used to power the landfill, while the remainder will be
sent back to the national grid.

Financing $13 million senior loan, to be co-financed by a $5 million

loan funded by the Green Energy Special Fund (“GESF”)
administered by the European Bank.
Value $30.2 million of which a $10 million contribution from
Greater Amman Municipality (GAM)
Status In progress on the projects’ second phase (the drilling
of wells to collect methane). The facility will start
burning methane by end 2017. GAM will soon begin
implementing the third phase during which the
municipality will install generators and integrated
systems for generating electricity by burning methane.
Upon completion of the 3rd phase, 5 MW per hour is
expected to be generated by late 2018.

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 5 van 40

Comments
Stretching over 3000 m², the landfill serves the capital and central region where 2.800 tons of municipal
waste is dumped every day.

2.2 IRBID WASTE TO ENERGY PROJECT

Client
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)

Description
To carry out a waste-to-energy project in Irbid Governorate under a Build, Own, Operate and Transfer basis.
The plant will be located near Al Ekaider landfill and will have a capacity of 1000 tons per day.

The initial facility would consist of two incineration trains with an option to add a third train at a later
stage, depending on the developments in the waste sector, including any changes in the volumes and
composition of waste.

Financing Unknown
Value Unknown
Status The Ministry has invited expression of interest to carry
out the project. The last date for EOI documents
submission was June 20 2017.

Comments
The district of Irbid currently receives 1,250 tons per day of municipal solid waste.

The project company will operate the facility for 25 years.

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3. OIL SHALE PROJECTS
Oil shale deposits in Jordan underlie more than 60% of the Kingdom's territory and are estimated at 70
billion tons, which would make Jordan the 4th richest country in the world in terms of oil shale deposits.
The most significant deposits are located in west-central Jordan. Jordanian oil shale is considered to be of
very high quality. The majority of the deposits are believed to be shallow, making them suitable for open-
cast mining.

The government has adopted a Commercial Legal Framework and an Environmental Legal Framework
within the contracts with the investing companies to govern and control oil shale exploitation projects with
the help of the relevant international consultancy firms.

It is currently adopting a three-track approach to handle oil shale resource exploitation which includes In
Situ for the deep Oil Shale to produce oil, Surface Retorting for the mined Oil Shale to produce oil, and
Direct Burning of Oil Shale for Electricity Generation.

3.1 OIL SHALE-FIRED POWER PLANT

Client
Jordan’s National Electric Power Company (NEPCO)

Developer
Attarat Power Co (APCO) – Affiliated to Estonian-owned Enefit

Description
Construction of a 554 MW (gross)/470 MW (net) oil shale fired mine mouth power station plant, 100 km
south east of Amman, at the Attarat Um Ghudrun oil shale deposit.

Financing APCO has announced a financial closure ($1.6 billion)

for the construction of the plant with a consortium of
Chinese banks
Value $2.1 billion
Status Construction is slated to start soon with completion
expected mid-2020. When completed, it will be one of
the largest power plants in Jordan and the largest oil
shale-fired power plant in the world after Enefit’s
power plant in Estonia.

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 7 van 40

Comments
Jordan has signed 8 memoranda of understanding, in addition to several agreements, with companies to
explore shale.

The project was initially agreed in 2014 but has faced delays and discord over the price proposed to sell
electricity from the plant and connect it to the national grid.

China’s Guangdong Power Engineering Corp will lead the engineering, procurement and construction of
the plant under a turnkey contract. The firm has reached a 30 year power purchase agreement with NEPCO.

In 2010, Jordan Oil Shale Energy Company (JOSE), a former sister company of APCO, signed an Oil Shale
Surface Retort Concession Agreement with the government of Jordan, giving it exploration and oil
production rights for 40 years. JOSE recently relinquished approximately 31 km² of land to the government.
This land has formed the basis of a lease from the government to APCO for the site on which the power
station and the mine will be developed. The term of the lease is coterminous with the power purchase
agreement with NEPCO.

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4. GREEN ENERGY PROJECTS
Jordan’s green energy sector has witnessed great momentum in recent years, with about 1.335 MW of solar
and wind projects currently being implemented. It has attracted world-renowned companies to invest in
such projects in the Kingdom. Jordan ranks second in the region for creating a favorable environment for
renewable energy and energy efficiency investments, surpassed only by Morocco in renewables and Tunisia
in energy efficiency, according to local media reports.

These developments are in line with a national strategy aimed at raising the share of renewables in the
energy mix to 10-11% by 2020, equivalent to a generating capacity of some 1.600 MW from renewables. The
plan was recently updated, which reflects the success the government has had in implementing many of its
parts. For example, original targets called for 600 MW of solar energy to come on line by 2020 but rapid
progress in solar development has led local authorities to increase this target to 1000 MW. In that regard,
some experts, including the Director of the renewable energy department of Ministry of Energy and Mineral
Resources, believe that the contribution of renewables might actually reaches as high as 15 to 20%.

Jordan developed a legislative environment that attracts investment in the field of renewable energy mainly
on solar and wind powers. These reforms enabled public and private institutions as well as households and
trade and industry sectors to rely on renewable energy systems for their consumption needs and reduce
their electricity bills.

A major turning point came in 2012 with the introduction of the Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Law, the first of its kind in the region, followed by amendments in 2014. With this law, “Direct Proposal
Submission” of renewable energy projects to the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) was
allowed, where investors, or developers, had the opportunity to develop renewable grid‐connected
electricity production projects and bypass a previously complex bidding process and negotiate directly with
the Minister of Energy.
There are four paths for renewable projects in Jordan:

➢ The Direct Proposals Schemes carried out under rounds of competitive bidding through MEMR,
➢ The Competitive Bidding Process,
➢ EPC Turn-Key projects,
➢ Small-Scale Renewable Energy Schemes (net metering and wheeling).

In 2014 and under the first round of tendering, the ministry signed 12 deals with private companies to
generate 200 MW. Four more companies were selected in a second-round tender to develop 50 MW of solar
capacity each. Also, Jordan’s first utility-scale wind project of 117 MW, run by Jordan Wind Project Company,
recently started operation in Tafileh and will account for some 5% of the country’s electricity generation.

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 9 van 40

In this second round of national renewable energy Independent Power Producer (IPP) tenders, a consortium
clinched a deal to provide a combined capacity of 200 MW in power plants and sell electricity at record low
tariffs of around $0.06 per kWh.

A total of 34 companies have recently qualified for the third round of Jordan’s renewable energy projects
which includes four solar and two wind projects. It is expected that prices are lower in this round than the
previous two partly due to falling renewable energy technology costs. The companies were chosen from a
list of 70 domestic and international firms that expressed an interest in the latest tender round.

Another major achievement central to the country’s efforts, the Green Corridor, which will be established
in the southern region of the Kingdom, is among major schemes aimed at increasing Jordan’s ability to
absorb the loads generated by new renewable energy capacity stemming from wind and solar. The upgrades
involve the construction of two new transmission lines – a 400-KV, 150-km line and a 132-KV, 51-km line – as
well as upgrades to three existing 132-KV lines stretching 100 km each. Furthermore, a new 1200-MVA
electricity substation will be constructed in northern Ma’an, while the stations at Qatraneh and Queen Alia
International Airport will also be expanded, according to Oxford Business News. The grid’s capacity currently
stands at 3,600 megawatts.

Meanwhile, smaller-scale solar electricity generation is also expanding at a rapid pace in Jordan. Following
the 2012 Renewable Energy Law, households and businesses have been allowed to generate 100 % of their
electricity consumption through their own solar panels and sell excess output back to the grid. This has led
to the installation of around 25 MW of capacity over the last year. In addition, a vast window of opportunity
to generate distributed electricity for individual, commercial or industrial use exists under the net-metering
and/or the wheeling schemes.

The renewable energy contribution to the overall power generation is expected to reach 20% by 2020. It
currently ranges from 3-4%. In fact, Jordan hopes and aims, with the multiple renewable energy projects
underway, to generate about 20% of the Kingdom’s power needs by 2020 and to become a net exporter of
energy by 2030. It will also increase its solar energy target by more than 65% by 2020.

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4.1 PV/SOLAR/WHEELING PROJECTS
The Green Corridor investments are specifically designed to reinforce the nation’s electricity network in the
deserts in the center of the country, which are ideal for the use of solar generators.

Solar power is seen as a sustainable option for Jordan’s long-term energy security, as the country boasts
about 330 sunny days per year.

The majority of the solar photovoltaic (PV) farms currently under construction, totaling around 200 MW,
are located in and around the Ma’an region, whereas the majority of consumption stems from the capital
Amman. Ma’an is close to the 52.5 MW solar PV Shams Ma’an power plant under construction. When
completed later this year, it will be the largest solar PV facility in the country.

4.1.1 34 MW WHEELING SOLAR PROJECT

Developer
The Project company to be owned by the Off Takers.

Alcazar Energy SPV will own the solar assets through an SPV and will lease them to the Project Company.
Alcazar was formed in February 2014 as an independent developer and power producer focused on
renewable energy across the Middle East, Turkey, and Africa region, with an emphasis on solar PV and
onshore wind technologies. Alcazar’s sponsors comprise IFC, AMC (IFC’s Fund Management Business), Alcazar
Renewable Energy, the renewable energy investment arm of Dubai-based Alcazar Capital, Mubadala
Infrastructure Partners, and Dash Ventures, a Amman-based venture capital fund.

Description
Construction of a 34 MW PV plant to be located in the north of Jordan - Single axis tracking / polycrystalline
technology - pursuant to the Wheeling Regulations in Jordan.

Financing Wheeling term sheet was entered with 4 of the largest

banks in Jordan.
Value Unknown
Status Expected financial close: Q 3 2017
The project is in the late development stage

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 11 van 40

Comments
Jordan’s Wheeling program allows for offsite PV projects to supply electricity to the grid, with the kWh
generated being deducted off of a business electricity bill.

The Wheeling program has opened up the market to larger size projects because most of the large
commercial businesses are inside large vertical buildings in the cities, and therefore, there isn’t enough roof
space to cover their energy needs.

Sustainability NGO EDAMA recently slammed a proposed increase in wheeling charges of up to 400 % as an
unjustifiable move that aims to obstruct renewable energy projects. The government is currently
considering hiking wheeling charges from 1.1 piasters to 4.5 piasters, in a move that some fear could dampen
investment in the budding sector.

4.1.2 AL SAFAWI SOLAR PV PROJECT

Client
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)

Developer
Al Safawi for Green Energy PSC, incorporated in Jordan for the sole purpose of developing, constructing
and operating the Project. The company is 70% owned by Abdul Latif Jameel Group (ALJ), through its holding
of Fotowatio Renewable Ventures (FRV), and 30% owned by Arabia Trading & Consulting Company LTD
(ATC).

Description
Construction of a 51 MW solar photovoltaic plant located in Safawi Area, 150 km east of Amman, Jordan.

The key components of the project are the power arrays which are composed of PV panels which convert
solar energy into electricity. Throughout the site, the total number of PV Panels will be just over 201,000.

Project Phases

▪ Planning and construction Phase (February 2018 – November 2018): This phase includes preparation of
a detailed design for the project, planning and transportation of the various project components to the
site (e.g. PV modules), and onsite preparation activities for installation of the PV arrays and various other
components. Site preparation activities could include excavations, grading, and land clearing activities.

▪ Operations Phase (2018 - approximately 2038): This phase involves operation and maintenance of the PV
Power Arrays and all the various electrical equipment. This includes, for example, regular PV module

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 cleaning to prevent dust build-up which could affect their performance. The operation phase also
includes commissioning tests which involves standard electrical tests for electrical infrastructure as well
as the panels, and inspection of routine civil engineering quality records.

▪ Decommissioning phase (to be determined): The lifetime of the PV plant is 20 years, after which the plant
is decommissioned and the panels are dismantled.

Financing Up to $70 million senior secured loan split equally

between European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (EBRD): A-loan and Nederlandse
Financierings-Maatschappij voor Ontwikkelingslanden
N.V. (FMO): B-loan
Value $93 million

Comments
The project is part of the government's second round of direct proposals for solar energy.

4.1.3 AL QUWEIRA SOLAR PLANT

Client
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)

Description
The project involves the construction of a photovoltaic power plant with a capacity of 103 MW.

EPC Contractor
Abu Dhabi-based Enviromena Power Systems with Spanish engineering firm TSK Group

Financing The project is being funded by MEMR through a grant

from the Abu Dhabi Fund for Development
Value $128 million

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 13 van 40

Comments
The Quweira project was tendered separately and not together with the rest of the large-scale solar PV
projects in Jordan’s first or second round for PV plants. This is because the Quweira project is owned by
the state, forming a separate form of remuneration scheme for PV plants in Jordan.

With the competitive biddings of the first and second rounds, Jordan’s government awarded projects that
are solely owned by private investors. The Quweira project, though, is state-owned, suggesting a separate
EPC scheme where the government awards the EPC contractor but then also owns the project. The rationale
behind the EPC scheme is that these projects are funded through foreign donations, hence financing is
considered to come via public money and, therefore, the tender of the project should not be left totally to
the market.

4.1.4 SOUTH AMMAN SOLAR POWER PROJECT

Client
Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources (MEMR)

Description
Design, delivery, construction and commissioning of a PV power plant with a total capacity of at least 30
MWp with operation and maintenance for 3 years following commissioning at Al-Jizeh District, 8 km south
of Queen Alia Airport in south Amman. The facility will be interconnected to the 33 KV substation to be
built by NEPCO to connect the 132 kV transmission line to 1.5-2 km northwest of the location.

Financing Grant from the KfW

Value Unknown

Status The tender was floated at the beginning of August

The deadline for submission of bids is 4 September 2017.

4.1.5 200 MW BAYNOUNA SOLAR ENERGY PROJECT

Client
National Electric Power Company (NEPCO)

Developer
Baynouna Solar Energy Company (BSEC), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Masdar, Abu Dhabi’s renewable
energy company.

The project consists of a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) between Masdar and National Electric Power
Company;

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Description
Located east of Amman, Baynouna is the largest single solar energy project currently under development
in Jordan. The 200 MW photovoltaic facility will supply the annual power needs of 110,000 homes and will
displace an estimated 360,000 tons of CO2 each year. The project will generate 563.3 GWh of electricity
equivalent of 3% of the annual energy consumption of Jordan.

Financing Masdar is the majority shareholder of the project

Value $260 million

Masdar has selected International Finance Corporation

(IFC), a member of the World Bank, to oversee the
funding of the plant.
Status The project is in advanced stage of development. It is
expected to be completed in first quarter of 2018.

Comments
Upon completion, this plant will bolster Jordan’s energy independence by replacing 1.4 billion liters of
imported crude oil with clean energy.

The project follows the inauguration of the 117 MW Tafileh wind farm, in which Masdar has a 31% stake.

4.1.6 61.3 MW RISHA SOLAR ENERGY PROJECT

Client
The National Electric Power Company (NEPCO)

Developer
ACWA Power, on board as investor as well as developer

Description
Development, financing, construction, ownership and operation of a new 61.3 MWp solar energy project in
Risha, eastern Jordan. Once completed, the project will save 79,000 metric tons of CO2 and deliver electricity
to 12,000 households.

Financing The European Bank for Reconstruction and

Development (EBRD) is considering providing a senior
secured limited recourse loan, up to €23.5 million for
the project.

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 15 van 40

 The German Development Bank and Arab Bank will
provide the remaining amount for the project.
Value $69 million
Status The signing ceremony of the power purchase
agreement took place in March 2017. The project is
expected to be completed in 2019

Comments
With Risha PV, ACWA Power’s portfolio in Jordan now expands to eight assets with an aggregate capacity
of 1,665 MW representing almost 40% of the total installed capacity of electricity in the kingdom.

4.1.7 2.6 MW KING’S ACADEMY SOLAR POWER PLANT

Client
The King’s Academy

Developer
ACWA Power

Description
Construction of a 2.6 MWp solar photovoltaic plant to be located in the King’s Academy campus. The plant
will offset the equivalent of 2,300 metric tons of CO2 and power the equivalent of 350 households.

Financing ACWA Power

Value $4 million

Status The memorandum of understanding was signed in

March 2017. The plant will be operational by the spring
of 2018.

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4.1.8 FRV AL MAFRAQ SOLAR PV PROJECTS
Client
Fotowatio Renewable Ventures (FRV), part of Abdul Latif Jameel Energy (Saudi Arabia)

Description
Construction of two PV projects in northern Jordan. The plants, standing at a combined 133.4MW, will be
located in the Mafraq region. The wind park will have 27 turbines of the model V126 3.3MW by Denmark’s
Vestas Wind Systems.

Financing Mafraq I, the first FRV project in Jordan, received a

financing package from the International Finance
Corporation (IFC), the Dutch Development Bank (FMO)
and the Europe Arab Bank.

Meanwhile, Mafraq II has received financial support

from the European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (EBRD) and the Society for the Promotion
and Participation for Economic Cooperation
(PROPARCO).
Value Unknown
Status FRV has closed $180 million of financing for two PV
projects

Comments
Upon project completion, nearly 80,000 homes would be powered in the country.

4.1.9 60.3 MWp MAFRAQ SOLAR PV PROJECT

Client
“National Electric Power Company” (NEPCO)

Developer
ACWA Power International (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 17 van 40

Description
Construction of a 60.3 MWp solar PV plant to be located in Mafraq Development Area (50 km north-east of
Amman). The project is part of a 150 MWac Solar Complex and will result in c. 1.5 million tons of CO2 saved
over 20 years, equivalent to 79,000 tons of CO2 per year.

The project will deliver Solar Energy at a low tariff, over a 20 year Power Purchase Agreement with NEPCO

Financing The Financial Agreements comprise an A loan of $27

million from the European Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (EBRD) and a B loan of the same
amount from the Netherlands Development Finance
Company (FMO)
Value Unknown
Status Under construction

Comments
EBRD approved the creation of a €1 billion special fund to launch investments in the four SEMED countries
(Jordan, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia) in 2011. Since then, EBRD invested €4.8 billion in more than 120
projects in the region.

4.2 WIND PROJECTS

4.2.1 45 MW SHOBAK WIND PROJECT

Client
“National Electric Power Company” (NEPCO)

Developer
Shobak Wind Energy PSC incorporated in Jordan

Description
Constructing and operating a Greenfield wind power plant with a capacity of 45 MW, located in Shobak
municipality, approximately 46 km northwest of Ma'an, and 210 km south of Amman, in southern Jordan.
The project involves the installation of thirteen (13) Vestas V136 wind turbine generators (WTGs), each rated
at 3.45 MW, giving a total project capacity of 45 MW, and will be constructed under a full scope EPC contract.

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 Financing The European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (EBRD) and other potential lenders are
considering entering into a financing agreement with
Shobak Wind Energy PSC.
Value Unknown
Status The project signed the Power Purchase Agreement
(PPA) with the state-owned transmission company,
NEPCO, in September 2016 and an Environmental and
Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) is being prepared by
Eco Consult of Jordan and is expected to be finished in
September 2017.

The Project’s site permit was granted by the Ministry of

Environment on 14 December 2016, allowing the project
to start the ESIA process.

The Project is expected to reach the financial close (FC)

under the PPA with the National Electric Power
Company (NEPCO) by the end of December 2017, while
the first disbursement is expected to take place in the
first quarter of 2018.

Construction is likely to last approximately 22 months.

Comments
The original developer of the project was an American power plant developer and owner, Hecate
Energy LLC (Hecate). In 2016, Alcazar Energy Partners (Alcazar) acquired 90% of the economic
interest in the project, Hecate remaining a 10% shareholder (together the Sponsors).

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 19 van 40

4.2.2 82 MW AL-RAJEF WIND FARM PROJECT

Client
National Electric Power Company (NEPCO)

Owner
Alcazar

Developer
Green Watts Renewable Energy (GWRE), a special purpose vehicle incorporated in Jordan for the sole
purpose of developing, constructing and operating the project. It is 100% owned by Alcazar Energy Partners.

Description
Development of an 82 MW onshore wind farm, 1600 above sea level in the Ma’an Governorate, south of
Amman. The project will produce electricity for approximately 60,000 local households in Jordan.

Financing The project is funded through 75% debt and 25% equity.
The European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development (EBRD) approved a $68m loan to GWRE
for the construction.

Proparco, a financial institution based in France and a

subsidiary of AFD Group provided $50m project
financing for the project.

A $19m loan will later be provided by the German

Development Bank (DEG)
Value $184.6 million
Status Project is at an advanced stage of construction. It is
scheduled to be fully operational by October 2018

Comments
The project will sell all its power under a long-term power purchase agreement to the Jordanian
National Electricity Power Company.

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4.2.3 89.1 MW FUJEIJ WIND FARM
Client
Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources (MEMR)

Developer
Korea Electric Power Corp.” (KEPCO), South Korea's state-controlled electric utility company), under a deal
to Build, fully Own and Operate a wind power plant.

Description
The project consists of building an 89.1 MW wind farm in the Fujeij area, some 150 km south of Amman.

Financing The funding includes a $6 million direct loan by the

Export-Import Bank of Korea (K-Exim) and a $52 million
K-Exim covered facility provided by Mizuho Bank Ltd
and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp Europe Ltd. Also,
equity bridge facilities of a combined $81 million are
being funded by the commercial banks.
Value $510 million for the BOO deal.
The facility will cost about $180 million
Status Construction started February 2017 and completion is
expected by October 2018

Comments
KEPCO has become the first Korean company to sign an agreement to sell electricity from a new and
renewable energy plant in a Middle Eastern country. KEPCO will be responsible for the construction and
operation of the wind farm and selling of electricity generated from the plant to Jordan. The agreement
also includes a power purchase agreement (PPA) that outlines the details of the utility company operating
the plant and selling the power generated to Jordan. The build, own and operate arrangement gives KEPCO
complete control over all aspects of the project.

KEPCO will be able to operate the plant for 20 years and expects to make some $26 million annually by
selling the power it generates.

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 21 van 40

4.2.4 NEW TAFILEH WIND PLANT (1)
Developer
“Korea Southern Power Company Ltd.” & “Daelim Energy Company Ltd.”

Description
Construction of a 50 MW wind plant to be located in Tafileh, some 180 km southwest of Amman.

Financing “International Finance Corporation” & “Islamic

Development Bank”
Value $110 million
Status The construction of the plant is scheduled to start in
2017 and will be connected to the grid by 2019.

4.2.5 NEW TAFILEH WIND PLANT (2)

Developer
Abour Energy, a unit owned by Saudi Arabia’s “Xenel Industries”

Description
Construction of a 50 MW wind power plant in Tafileh.

Financing “Islamic Development Bank” & “International Finance

Corporation”
Value Approximately $100 million
Status Construction will be completed by 2019

Comments
Another wind farm Tafileh, a 117 MW facility, the first commercial utility-scale wind power project in the
Middle East, was inaugurated and became operational in December 2015.

The $287 million project was developed by Jordan Wind Project Company, a co-development partnership
between InfraMed (50%), Masdar (31%) and EP Global Energy (19%).

Tafila was the first wind power project to be developed under Jordan’s Renewable and Energy Efficiency
Law passed in 2010.

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4.3 OTHER RELATED PROJECTS
4.3.1 GREEN CORRIDOR PROJECT
Client
National Electric Power Company (NEPCO)

Description
The project, to be established in the southern region, is a multi-component program to reinforce Jordan's
high voltage electricity backbone network for integration of more renewable generation capacity and to
improve reliability of supply. It consists of two new transmission lines (400 kV/150 km and 132 kV/51 km),
upgrading three existing lines (132 kV/100 km) and construction of one new 400/132 kV, 1200 MVA electricity
substation.

This project comprises three phases:

▪ The first phase includes building a new sub-station in Ma’an (220 km south Amman) and was awarded
to a Saudi company),
▪ The second phase includes providing and installing converters at the Ma’an sub-station, and was awarded
to an affiliate to an international company,
▪ The third phase will include installing connections between Ma’an sub-station and the Qatraneh sub
station (cost and developer unknown).

Financing The “European Investment Bank” has extended a $72

million loan, while the “French Development Agency”
provided a $54.9 million soft loan and NEPCO
contributed with $12.6 million, in addition to an EU
grant of $20.2 million offered under the “Neighborhood
Investment Facility”.
Value $172 million
Status Tender procedures were completed.
Works for phase 1 and 2 started.
Tenders related to the third phase are expected to be
floated this year.

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 23 van 40

5. NUCLEAR PROJECTS
Overview

“The Jordanian government is continuously working on boosting efforts to benefit from local resources to
generate energy and to further depend on renewable energy resources to create a variety in power
resources and increase their contribution to the overall energy mix.

In order to become a nuclear nation, the government is aware that this project has to be implemented in
partnership with the private sector and with international financial support, to avoid any additional
burdens on the treasury. In this regard, Jordan has had to sign numerous agreements and memoranda of
understanding and create new relations with countries throughout the world such as the United States,
the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Japan, China, Russia, Spain, South Korea, Argentina, Romania, and
Turkey. Jordan has also signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, which promotes
peaceful uses of nuclear energy.

Jordan's Committee for Nuclear Strategy, set up in 2007, set out a program for nuclear power to provide
30% of electricity by 2030, and to provide for exports. The nuclear law was modified in 2007 to establish
the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) and the Jordan Nuclear Regulatory Commission (JNRC),
including radiation protection and environmental roles.

In mid-2008, an agreement between JAEC and Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd (AECL) with SNC-Lavalin was to
conduct a three-year feasibility study on building an AECL 740 MWe Enhanced Candu-6 reactor using natural
uranium fuel, for power and desalination.

In December 2008, JAEC signed a memorandum of understanding with Korea Electric Power Corp to carry
out site selection and feasibility study on nuclear power and desalination projects.”

In 2009, JAEC tasked with Tractebel Engineering with the siting study for the country’s first
nuclear power plant to allow for the Site Characterization work to go forward in advance of the plant
technology selection.

“Also in 2009, JAEC signed an agreement with Worley Parsons for the pre-construction phase of a nuclear
power plant with two 1000 MWe-class reactors. The firm carried out technology selection – preparing the
tender and evaluating bidders, as well as assisting in fuel cycle engineering and waste management plans
for the plant. JAEC then evaluated seven offers from at least four reactor vendors, and in May 2010, three
vendors and designs were short-listed, the Atmea1 from Areva-MHI, the AECL EC6, and the AES-92 from
Atomstroyexport.

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In 2013, JAEC announced that Rosatom's reactor export subsidiary AtomStroyExport (ASE) would be the
supplier of two AES-92 nuclear units, while Rusatom Overseas will be strategic partner and effectively the
operator of the plant through a joint venture. Rusatom Overseas will contribute 49.9% of the project's $10
billion cost, with the state-owned Jordan Nuclear Power Co (JNPC) being responsible for the controlling
50.1%.

In 2014, JAEC signed a project development agreement with Rusatom Overseas, with a view to final
construction contract within two years. An intergovernmental agreement was signed in 2015, outlining
responsibilities for stage 1 of the project, including setting up the JNPC project company.

In 2016, Rosatom said that a feasibility study for the project would be completed in 2017. Target date for
operation of the first unit is 2023, with the second one 2024-25. The two will contribute 48% of Jordan’s
electricity and enable exports to Syria and Iraq. A financial adviser to assist the project is also to be
announced.”*

* Source: overview of the history of nuclear development in Jordan - World Nuclear Organization.

5.1.1 JORDAN RESEARCH & TRAINING REACTOR (JRTR)

Client
Government of Jordan
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC)

Description
Construction of a 5 MW first research and training reactor in Irbid, upgradable to 10 MW,
Located at Irbid’s Jordan University for Science and Technology

Design: passive cooling

Reactor type: open pool

Financing 30% jointly financed by Jordan and Russia.

Remainder sought from other international investors
Value Unknown - Part of 10$ billion nuclear power plant
project
Status Tests were successfully completed at the facility which
was inaugurated in December 2016

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 25 van 40

Comments
The reactor, part of the Kingdom’s fledgling multi-billion-dollar nuclear energy program, will enhance
nuclear infrastructure in Jordan to be a focal point in the region as a nuclear research hub and a center
for the development of human resources.

5.1.2 JORDAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT (2 Nuclear Reactors of 1000 MG each)

Client
Government of Jordan / Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC)

Developer
JNPC (Project Developer and Future owner)
Rosatom, (Russia)

Description
Construction, on a build-own-operate basis, by 2022, of two reactors of 1000 MW. Under the deal, the
government will own 50.1% of the project, while Russia’s Rosatom will own 49.9% of the project.

The project will supply about 40% of Jordan’s electricity needs by 2025 – 2026.

Project phases
Phase I: Pre-investment/development phase:
1. Conducting the required site characterization and environmental impact assessment for the
site
2. Preparing and finalizing the bankable feasibility study with the investor/operator and investors
for the project along with all other required studies
3. Finalizing all project agreements and contracts
4. Securing financing for the project and finalizing all phase II related project agreements

Phase II: Investment/implementation phase

1. Technical design and development including engineering survey
2. Power plant construction
3. Power plant commissioning and operation

Site suitability and characterization

Awarded to Tractebel Engineering - Belgium

General contractor
AtomStroyExport (ASE)

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pagina 26 van 40 Energy projects in Jordan

Electricity off-taker
National Electric Power Company (NEPCO)

Fuel Supplier/Cycle
TVEL – Fuel Company of Rosatom

Operation/Operator
Rosenrgoatom – a subsidiary of Rosatom

Financing 30% ($ 1.5 billion) of the project will be financed equally

by Jordan and Russia; a majority of which will go for
the building of the plant.

The remainder will be sought from other international

investors
Value $10 billion.
Status The following services are currently being sought:
Cooling system optimization
Siting & EIA
Electricity market research
Grid study
Project development consulting services
Equipment suppliers selection

Tenders have been floated for supply of turbines and

electrical systems - bids are expected from Chinese,
Czech, Japanese and American companies.

Comments
The Kingdom’s central region is home to 40,000 metric tons of uranium, which has enough yellow cake to
supply Jordan for 150 years.

Uranium mineralization
Three general areas of uranium mineralization have been discovered in Jordan:

• Central Jordan (CJ): Surficial deposits (≤ 4 m deep), medium-grade U with localized high-grade areas (>
1.000 ppm). Subsurface deposits (≤ 30 m deep, average depth 9 m), low-grade U. Jordanian-French
Uranium Mining Company estimated that 28.500 MT of U3O8 is in CJ. Current ongoing audit work

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 27 van 40

 suggests the uranium grade and tonnage in the surficial deposits has been underestimated by a
minimum of a factor of two.
• Al-Hasa: 30.000 MT of U3O8 discovered in Qataraneh Phosphate (QP). Medium-grade U (> 175 ppm).
Work needed for efficient extraction. Low, but significant P.
• South Jordan (SJ): Low-grade ( 60 → 75 ppm average) in Phosphoric Rocks. 100.000 MT of U3O8
estimated. Long-term mineable strategic reserves.

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pagina 28 van 40 Energy projects in Jordan

6. OIL & GAS PROJECTS
6.1.1 ACWA POWER ZARQA CCGT PROJECT
Client
National Electric Power Company (NEPCO)

Developer
ACWA POWER

Operational and Maintenance Company

Central Electrical Generating Company (CEGCO)

Environmental Consultant
5 Capitals Environmental and Management Consulting (UAE)

Description
To build, design own and operate a 485 MW gas-fired plant within the existing landholding of the Hussein
Thermal Power Station located in the Zarqa Industrial zone. The facility is expected to produce a gross
average of 3,200 GW hours of power a year, serving about 620,000 individual residential customers annually
and adding about 150 MW to the national grid.

The project will replace the now obsolete 351 MW Hussein Thermal Power Station (HTPS).

The project will comprise one power block, consisting of the following units:
• Three Gas Turbine Generators (GTG)
• Three Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSG)
• One Steam Turbine Generator (STG)

The Zarqa Project output will be entirely sold to NEPCO under a 25-year PPA.

Financing World Bank Group members International Finance

Corporation (IFC) and Multilateral Investment
Guarantee Agency (MIGA) have agreed to support the
project.
Value $485 million

Status The scheme is due for commissioning in May 2018

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 29 van 40

Comments
The project will replace base load power and provide additional capacity aiding Jordan in maintaining a
stable electricity network

6.1.2 IRAQ-JORDAN OIL PIPELINE

Client
“State Company for Oil Projects” (Iraq) & the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR).

Description
To build a pipeline which will pump one million barrels of oil a day from Basra on the Arabian Gulf to
Aqaba Port, and around 258 million cubic feet of gas. The pipeline will provide Jordan with 150.000 barrels
of oil a day, while the rest will be exported through Aqaba, generating an estimated $3 billion a year in
revenues for Jordan.

The planned pipeline will have capacity to ship 2.25 million barrels per day (bpd) and will have a parallel
gas pipeline.

The new pipeline project offers an alternative to the Kirkuk - Ceyhan pipeline.

The tender process will be organized by the Iraqi authorities.

Financing Undecided
Value Estimates vary a lot but, according to a study by the
Iraqi Government, the project should cost $5 to 7 billion.
Others sources state that the project would cost $18
billion.
Status The much delayed Iraq-Jordan pipeline project may
finally get underway in 2017. Iraq’s State Company for
Oil Projects, better known as SCOP, officially called for
bids end of 2016 for the pipeline’s first stage. This phase
includes the engineering, procurement, construction
and financing of oil and gas pipelines linking the Basra
fields to a connecting energy station near the city of
Najaf.

The initial section of the Basra-Aqaba pipeline was

planned to pass through the Haditha pumping station
in Anbar province, but the presence of Islamic State

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pagina 30 van 40 Energy projects in Jordan

 militants in the desert area forced the oil ministry to
change plans. The pipeline will still pass through Anbar,
but it will not go as far north as Haditha. By limiting the
first stage to Najaf, the ministry is also delaying
construction in Anbar itself.

Iraq’s State Company for Oil Projects has indicated that

it has received a bid from a Jordanian-Chinese
consortium (“China Petroleum Pipeline” (CPP) and the
private company “Mass Global”) to build and operate the
pipeline.

Comments
The project is strategically important to Baghdad, providing an alternative export route to the main Persian
Gulf oil terminals, but foundered in 2014 due to security concerns in the west of the country.

Iraq is the second-largest crude oil exporter in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting countries (OPEC)
after Saudi Arabia and holds the world’s fifth-largest proved crude oil reserves according to Energy
Information Administration (EIA).

6.1.3 JORDAN PETROLEUM REFINERY EXPANSION

Client
Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company Ltd. (JRPC)

Description
The project involves the expansion of an oil refinery to increase processing capacity from the existing
70.000 barrels per day (bpd) to 12.000 bpd and will allow JPRC to upgrade the quality of its product to meet
Euro V emissions specifications.

The project includes the construction of processing units, distribution units, storage facilities, and the
installation of related equipment and machinery.

One of its main objectives is to stop producing high sulfur fuel oil. It will also help meet rising demand on
fuel that is witnessing a 3% increase every year.

Financing In June 2014, Ernst and Young (E&Y) was appointed as

financial advisor to develop a financial model for the
project.

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 31 van 40

 JPRC is in the process of securing funds.
Value $1.6 billion
Status The feasibility study on the project was completed in
2014.

Construction is expected to start Q3 2018.

JPCR recently signed agreements with 2 U.S. oil

companies specialized in oil refineries’ design. They
pertain to licensing activities, designs, equipment,
assisting factors and services with costs exceeding $115
million.

Comments
The Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company, Ltd. (JPRC) is the sole oil refining company of Jordan, publicly
traded on the Amman Stock Exchange, with headquarters in the capital of Amman, and a refinery in Zarqa,
35 kilometers east of Amman. The company manufactures a variety of fuels and refinery derivatives, and
wholly owns a subsidiary oil marketing company. Moreover, JPRC operates a lube oil blending facility, three
LPG bottling stations and LPG storage facilities in Amman, Zarqa and Irbid. The company also owns and
operates an oil terminal and storage facilities in the port city of Aqaba.

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pagina 32 van 40 Energy projects in Jordan

7. CONCLUSION
Regionally, Jordan remains a haven of stability for business interests and serves as a business hub in the
region. The kingdom has strong, cooperative relations with its neighbors and the wider international
business community.

Although the energy sector has faced significant challenges in the recent past, promising developments in
the renewables, nuclear and oil shale segments, should see the country’s energy bill decrease considerably
in the coming years, paving the way for long-term energy self-sufficiency and offerings attractive new
opportunities for investors who are monitoring the rising renewable energy sector in Jordan with increased
interest.

Jordan is thus set to become a regional energy hub, especially in the renewable energy segment. Its geo-
political position from political and technical vantage points, contribute to its capacity for both generation
and energy transmission.

International companies see a great opportunity in tapping into Jordan’s renewable energy sector due to
the following advantages:

- Jordan lies within the solar belt of the world: it is ideal for PV and CPV as well as CSP generation,
- 7 MPS: above world average speed needed for wind energy,
- The country has a favorable legislative framework.

Opportunities therefore abound for Belgian companies active in the renewable energy sector, with needs
ranging from technology to equipment to consultancy services. The market is open for supply of
photovoltaic cells and panels, wind turbines and blades, generators, support structures, and energy
software management. It is best however to include financing in your approach, especially if you are eyeing
the market as a developer.

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 33 van 40

8. MAIN CONTACTS
EDAMA (Energy, Water & Environment)
Address Mamdouh Al Sarayra St, Al Khawaja Building n°44, Amman
Tel +962.79.5458507
Fax +962.6.5810717
Email admin@edama.jo

Contacts
Mr. Maher Matalqa, Chairman

Electricity Distribution Company (EDCO)

Address Abu Dahab Complex, Building 22, Kingdom Electricity Company (KEC), Mecca Street
Postal Code 11821 Amman
PO Box 3081
Tel +962 6 5522240
Fax +962 6 5522243
Email info@kec.jo
Website http://www.edco.jo

Contacts
- Reem Hamdan - rhamdan@edco.jo
- Hassan Thnebat - Hassan@edco.jo
- Eng. Sami Zwatten (Department Manager) - szwatten@edco.jo

Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC)

Address Amman, Jordan
Postal Code 11934
PO Box 70
Tel +962.6.5230978
Fax +962.6.5231017
Email contact@jaec.gov.jo
Website http://www.jaec.gov.jo
Contact Dr. Khaled Toukan - Chairman

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Jordanian Electric Power Company
Address Mecca St./Ragadan Building, opposite to JWICO, Amman
Postal Code 11118
PO Box 618
Tel +962.6.5503600/5503660
Fax +962.6.5503619
Email info@jepco.com.jo
Website http://www.jepco.com.jo

Contacts
- Manhal Moura Sayedh (Power System) - manhal@jepco.com.jo
- Hassan Abdullah - hassan.abdullah@jepco.com.jo

Jordan Petroleum Refinery Co. Ltd.

Address 1st Circle, Rainbow Str., Amman, Jordan
Tel +962.6.4630151
Fax +962.6.4657939
Email Addewan@Jopetrol.com.jo
Website http://www.jopetrol.com.jo/

Jordan Uranium Mining Company

Address Al Madinah Al Monawarah Str., Bldg. No. 269, Fl. 2
Postal Code 5424
PO Box 11953
Tel +962.79.9996030
Fax +962.6.5534391
Email jumco@jumco.com.jo
Website http://www.jumco.com.jo/

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)

Address Jordan Street, Building no.7
Tel +962.6.5803060
Fax +962.6.5865714
Email memr@memr.gov.jo
Website http://www.memr.gov.jo

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 35 van 40

Contacts
- Ziad Jibril Sabra (Director Renewable Energy Department) - drenewable@MEMR.gov.jo
- Nancy Rimawi - Nancy.Rimawi@memr.gov.jo
- Bushra F. Alabbadi; (Power System) - bushraa@memr.gov.jo
- Wafa Bakri (Power Demand) - elct_trans@memr.gov.jo

National Electric Power Company (NEPCO)

Address Amman, Jordan

Postal Code 11181
PO Box 2310
Tel +962.6.5858615
Fax +962.6.5818336
Email info@nepco.com.jo
Website http://www.nepco.com.jo

Contacts
- H.E. Eng. A. Daradkah (Managing Director) - adradkah@nepco.com.jo
- Alaa Abu-Taleb (Planning) - aabutaleb@nepco.com.jo
- Eng. Maysoun Al-Rawabdeh (Section Head, Technical Planning) - mrawabdeh@nepco.com.jo
- Mazen Al-Nabulsi (System planning) - mazen@nepco.com.jo
- Muwafaq Humaidat (Power planning) - mhmedat@nepco.com.jo
- Dr Allan Khalil (Coordinator of International Cooperation) - akhalil@nepco.com.jo
- Eng. Mohammad Amin Abu Zarour (Power System Planning Manager) -
- mabuzaror@nepco.com.jo
- Eng. Omar Al-Azzeh (OHTL Design) - oalazeh@nepco.com.jo

National Petroleum Company

Address Zaal Abu Tayh Str. 38, 11821, Amman, Jordan
Postal Code 3503
PO Box 3503
Tel +962.6.5548888
Fax +962.6.5536912/3
Email management@npc.com.jo
Website http://www.npc.com.jo

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pagina 36 van 40 Energy projects in Jordan

9. OTHER CONTACTS
Acwa Power
Address Business Gate Office Complex, Building 5, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Tel +966.11.2835555
Fax +966.11.2835500

Address Nassima Tower, Sheikh Zayed Road, Dubai, UAE

PO Box 30582 Dubai
Email info@jepco.com.jo
Website http://www.acwapower.com

Contacts
Adrian Rizza (Director Business development) - arizza@acwapower.com
Alexandre Allegue - aallegue@acwapower.com

Alcazar Energy
Tel +962.6.4614005
Email info@alcazarenergy.com
Website www.alcazarenergy.com

Attarat Power Company Enefit

Address Riga, Latvia
Tel +371.67.780590
Email info@enefit.lv
Website www.enefit.lv

The Jordan Wind Project Company PSC (JWPC)

Address Amman, Jordan
PO Box 940034
Tel +962.6.5670702
Fax +962.6.5670502
Email info@jordanwind.com
Website www.jordanwing.com

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Energy projects in Jordan pagina 37 van 40

5 Capitals Environmental & Management Consulting
Address Sheikh Zayed Road, Dubai, UAE
PO Box 119899
Tel +971.4.3435955
Fax +971.4.3439366
Email dubai@5capitals.com
Website http://www.5capitals.com

Contacts
Ken.wade@5capitals-group.com (environmental planning)
Max.burrow@5capitals-group.com (senior consultant)

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pagina 38 van 40 Energy projects in Jordan

10. SOURCES
Bank Audi
BMI Research
Edama
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Jordan Times
Jordan International Energy Summit (April 2017)
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR)
Oxford Business News
Trade Arabia Business News Information
Venture Magazine
World Bank
World Nuclear Organization
Websites of developers involved in projects
Zawya
…

Disclaimer

The information contained in this report is for general information purposes only. While we endeavor to keep the
information up to date and correct, we make no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, about
the completeness, accuracy, reliability, suitability with respect to the information contained for any purpose. Any
reliance you place on such information is therefore strictly at your own risk.

We accept no liability for the content of this report, or for the consequences of any actions taken on the basis of the
information provided.

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