Transformations: paraphrasing

Habitual Behaviour
Match each sentence 1 – 6 with a sentence a) – f) which expresses a similar idea.

1 He usually gets up early. a) It’s not like him to get up early.

2 He used to get up early. b) He tends to get up early.
3 He’s used to getting up early. c) He’s always getting up early.
4 He has never got used to getting up early. d) He doesn’t have any problems getting up
early.
5 It’s unusual for him to get up early. e) He would get up early.
6 He keeps getting up early. f) He still finds it difficult to get up early.

Comparatives
Match each sentence 1 – 6 with a sentence a) – f) which expresses a similar idea.

1 She’s far lazier than anyone else. a) She doesn’t work nearly as much as she
should.
2 She works a lot less than she ought to. b) She has fewer difficulties than before.
3 She’s not quite as lazy as she used to be. c) Everyone works much harder than her.
4 She doesn’t have as many problems as she used to. d) She’s more successful when she works harder.
5 She’s the least successful student in the class. e) She’s slightly more hardworking than before.
6 The more she works, the more success she has. f) No one does as badly as she does.

Obligation, Necessity & Permission

Match each sentence 1 – 5 with two of the sentences a) – j) which both express a similar idea.

1 She was allowed to go out. a) They made her go out.

b) She can’t go out.
2 She had to go out. c) She didn’t have to stay in.
d) She ought to go out.
3 She’d better go out. e) There’s no need for her to go out.
f) She isn’t allowed to go out.
4 She mustn’t go out. g) They let her go out.
h) She doesn’t need to go out.
5 She needn’t go out. i) She couldn’t stay in.
j) She should go out.

Present Perfect
Match each sentence 1 – 3 with two of the sentences a) – f) which both express a similar idea.

1 I haven’t done this before. a) It’s five years since I started doing this.
b) It’s five years since I last did this.
2 I haven’t done this for five years. c) I’ve never done this.
d) The last time I did this was five years ago.
3 I’ve been doing this for five years. e) It’s the first time I’ve done this.

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 f) I began doing this five years ago.
Futures
Match each sentence 1 – 6 with a sentence a) – f) which expresses a similar idea.
1 She isn’t going to go out. a) She’ll probably go out.
2 She’s likely to go out. b) She may not go out.
3 She’s about to go out. c) She isn’t planning to go out.
4 She might not go out. d) She won’t be at home.
5 She’s unlikely to go out. e) She probably won’t go out.
6 She’ll have gone out. f) She’s on the point of going out.

Quantifiers
Match each sentence 1 – 6 with a sentence a) – f) which expresses a similar idea.
1 There’s very little chocolate. a) There’s more than enough chocolate.
2 There’s plenty of chocolate. b) There aren’t very many chocolates.
3 There’s a large amount of chocolate. c) There isn’t very much chocolate.
4 There are a large number of chocolates. d) There are no chocolates.
5 There are very few chocolates. e) There are a lot of chocolates.
6 There aren’t any chocolates. f) There’s a lot of chocolate.

Speculation
Match each sentence 1 – 5 with a sentence a) – d) which expresses a similar idea. You will need to use
one sentence from a) – d) twice.
1 He may have left. a) I’m sure he’s left.
2 He must have left. b) I’m sure he’s still here.
3 He couldn’t have left. c) It’s possible that he’s left.
4 He can’t have left. d) He seems to have left.
5 It looks as if he’s left.

Ability
Match each sentence 1 – 4 with two of the sentences a) – h) which both express a similar idea.
1 She can’t do it. a) She’s incapable of doing it.
b) She managed to do it.
2 She couldn’t do it. c) She’s able to do it.
d) She was incapable of doing it.
3 She was able to do it. e) She’s capable of doing it.
f) She succeeded in doing it.
4 She can do it. g) She’s unable to do it.
h) She didn’t manage to do it.
Key
Habitual Behaviour Comparatives
1 b) 2 e) 3 d) 4 f) 5 a) 6 c) 1 c) 2 a) 3 e) 4 b) 5 f) 6 d)
Obligation, Necessity & Permission Present Perfect
1 c&g 2 a&i 3 d&j 4 b&f 5 e&h 1 c&e 2b&d 3 a&f
Futures Quantifiers
1 c 2 a 3 f 4 b 5 e 6 d 1 c 2 a 3 f 4 e 5 b 6 d

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Ability Speculation
1 a&g 2 d&h 3 b&f 4 c&e 1 c 2 a 3 b 4 b 5 d

Phrasal verbs with ‘put’

1 Match each sentence beginning 1 - 12 with an appropriate ending a) – l).

1 It’s cold outside. You should put on

2 These trousers are too tight for me now. I must have put on
3 There’s nothing on the telly. Let’s put on

4 I’m going to have to move. My landlord’s put up

5 The best way to advertise the concert is to put up
6 Don’t shout out the answer. Put up
7 Rob’s coming to London tomorrow and I’ve offered to put him up
8 Teachers have to put up with

9 The groom had an accident on his way to the church so they had to put off
10 It rained every day and the tent got flooded. It put us off
11 She found it hard to study, as several things were putting her off:

12 It was a non-smoking compartment so I told him to put out

a) for the night.

b) weight.
c) the wedding to a later date.
d) a lot of silly behaviour sometimes.
e) something warmer.
f) his cigarette.
g) camping for life.
h) the noise of the traffic outside, the neighbours
arguing next door and her brother’s drumming.
i) my rent again.
j) the radio instead.
k) posters around the school.
l) your hand first.

2 Which of the above phrasal verbs have the following meaning or meanings?

A increase; fix to a wall or board; raise into the air; accommodate ________________
B place on your body; increase (weight); start sthg working) ________________
C postpone; discourage; distract ________________
D extinguish ________________
E tolerate ________________

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 Phrasal verbs with ‘take’
1 Match each sentence beginning 1 - 10 with an appropriate ending a) – j).
1 I am very similar to my father, whereas my brother takes
2 The new boss is rather formal and I haven’t really taken
3 We must keep in touch. I’ll get a pen and paper and take
4 My feet are very swollen now. Would you mind if I took
5 This library book’s four days overdue. You’d better take
6 When her father retired from the family business, Jo took
7 Bob’s become inseparable from his camera since he took
8 Let’s get rid of these boxes. It’s a small flat and they take
9 We’re understaffed at work. Management ought to take
10 I thought I could manage both jobs, but I’d clearly taken

a) it back tomorrow.
b) on more workers.
c) on too much work.
d) up too much space.
e) up photography.
f) off my shoes?
g) over the company.
h) to him.
i) after my mother.
j) down your email address.

2 Now write the infinitive of each of the phrasal verbs with ‘take’ from exercise 1
next to its meaning below. The first one has been done for you.
a) accept take on .
b) start a new activity _______________
c) start to like _______________
d) employ _______________
e) return _______________
f) remove from your body _______________
g) make a note of _______________
h) resemble _______________
i) get control of _______________
j) occupy _______________

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 Phrasal verbs with ‘turn’
1 Match each sentence beginning 1 - 8 with an appropriate ending a) – h).

1 Why are you two still awake? Turn

2 According to this map we have to turn

3 The party starts at 8pm but people won’t turn

4 I can’t hear what they’re saying. Can you turn

5 They left port at sunrise but were forced to turn

6 We had no reason to be suspicious of him, but it turned

7 It’s amazing to think that this small seed will gradually turn

8 I applied to three different companies for a job but they all turned

a) up until much later.

b) out that he was wanted by the police for burglary.
c) back by rough seas and strong winds.
d) me down.
e) off the light and go to sleep.
f) into a beautiful rose.
g) off the motorway at the next exit.
h) up the sound a bit, please?

2 Now write the infinitive of each of the eight phrasal verbs with ‘turn’ from exercise 1 next to its
meaning below. The first one has been done for you.

a) become known turn out .

b) increase the volume ________________
c) become ________________
d) arrive ________________
e) reject ________________
f) leave a road ________________
g) return ________________
h) disconnect ________________

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 Phrasal verbs with ‘give’
Match each sentence beginning on the left with an appropriate ending on the right.

1 As soon as I gave up a) state secrets, he was arrested and held in jail.

2 The cooker was giving off b) the homework tomorrow morning.

3 Suspected of giving away c) smoking, I felt a lot better.

4 He listened closely as they gave out d) food to homeless people.

5 The teacher said we had to give in e) a strange smell, so I got someone to look at it.

6 The charity ‘Street Aid’ gives out f) the money I lent him until Friday.

7 He says he can’t give back g) the winning lottery numbers on the news.

Phrasal verbs Romance

Match each sentence beginning 1 - 6 with an appropriate ending a) – f).
1 It would have been our first ‘anniversary’ today. We started going

2 It was her smile which first attracted me and I fell

3 We were in a disco. Someone told me she had just split

4 We shared the same sense of humour and we got

5 Unfortunately, we had an argument last week and we fell

6 I think about her a lot, so I suppose I haven’t got

a) up with her boyfriend, so I asked her to dance.

b) on with each other really well, always laughing and joking together.

c) out with each other exactly one year ago.

d) over her yet. I miss her very much.

e) for her immediately. It was love at first sight.

f) out with each other. We haven’t spoken since.

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Phrasal verbs with ‘come’
Match each sentence beginning 1 - 5 with an appropriate ending a) – e).
1 I was tidying up in my bedroom when I came

2 My parents are going out tonight. Would you like to come

3 I don’t feel very well. I think I’m coming

4 We’ve seen this word before. I think it came

5 Well, that’s the problem. Now all we need to do is come

a) round and watch the match on TV with me.

b) up in the lesson about dangerous sports.
c) across my old school reports.
d) up with a solution.
e) down with flu.

Phrasal verbs with ‘make’ and ‘do’

Match each sentence beginning 1 - 8 with an appropriate ending a) – h).
1 Put your coat on and do it
2 They bought an old run-down cottage and did it
3 They had a row, but the next day they made it
4 He says it’s a true story, but I think he made it
5 The quality of the recording was so bad we couldn’t make
6 When the guard asked to see her train ticket, Mary made
7 I’m really hungry. I could do
8 A mobile phone is essential for my job. I really couldn’t do

a) up. It’s cold outside.

b) with something to eat.
c) up and they’re closer than ever now.
d) out what the speakers were saying.
e) without it.
f) up. Something like that could never happen.
g) out she couldn’t understand English.
h) up. Now it looks as good as the day it was built.

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 Creating your own Distractor Exercises

Useful Language: a selection

A Desire/Expectation/Intention vs Reality B Other people

wanted to … most / many / other etc think/say/ feel etc
would like/love to … but …
hoped to …
expected to …
thought … but …
was/were going to …
tried to …
is supposed to … C Earlier vs Later
was designed as … (was) intended to … used to … but now
normally … but this time …
As a girl she would … but in later years …
At one time … but nowadays
At first … but then
D Unreal past
I’d probably accept the job if it wasn’t so badly paid.
If you’d followed the instructions, it wouldn’t have shrunk.
I wish we’d brought the map with us.
E Modal verbs
Past You should have told him.
Present They could be in the park, I suppose, but it’s been raining this afternoon.
Future She said she might come with us, but somehow I doubt it.

Exercise
Look at the following sentence beginnings and try to predict the second half of each one. When you have finished
compare your ideas with your partner’s.
1 She tried to get a ticket to see the concert, but
2 I’d love to see you at the weekend, but
3 Marina’s boyfriend phones her every day, whereas
4 She used to be an English teacher, but
5 Although it’s supposed to be a sad film,
6 At first I didn’t think I was going to enjoy the party, but
Now listen to your teacher to compare your answers with what was actually said.
Whose predictions were closer, yours or your partner’s?

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Listening Distractors Possible Answers
1. She tried to get a ticket to see the concert but they’d all sold out by the time she got there.
2. I’d love to see you at the weekend, but I’ve got an exam on Monday so I really need to study.
3. Marina’s boyfriend phones her every day, whereas I haven’t heard from mine for nearly a week!
4. She used to be an English teacher but a local computer company made her an offer she couldn’t
refuse.
5. Although it’s supposed to be a sad film, I found some of the scenes very amusing.
6. At first I didn’t think I was going to enjoy the party, but things got better once the dancing started
and in the end I had a great time!

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