April  2013  
 

   

 
 

   
 
Building  Services  Engineer  
(mechanical)  –  model  career  
pathway  –  Version  1.0  
 
AIRAH  Strategic  aim  #2  -­‐  Closing  the  skills  gap  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prepared  by:  

The  Australian  Institute  of  

Refrigeration  Air  Conditioning  
and  Heating  
 
 
 

 
  

Closing  the  Skills  Gap  

 
       

 
Prepared  and  Co-­‐ordinated  by  

Phil  Wilkinson,  Chief  Executive  Officer  

Australian  Institute  of  Refrigeration  Air  Conditioning  and  Heating  (AIRAH)  
Level  3/1  Elizabeth  Street,  Melbourne,  VIC  3000  
Tel:  03  8623  3010  |  www.airah.org.au  |  email:  phil@airah.org.au  
 

Feedback  and  comments  

AIRAH  welcomes  all  comments  on  the  model  career  pathways  defined  in  this  report.  

Feedback  should  be  send  to  carolyn@airah.org.au  

 
About  AIRAH  

AIRAH  is  the  recognised  voice  of  the  Australian  air  conditioning,  refrigeration  and  heating  industry.  
We  aim  to  minimise  the  environmental  footprint  of  our  vital  sector  through  communication,  
education  and  encouraging  best  practice.  

Disclaimer  

Information  contained  in  this  report  may  be  copied  or  reproduced  for  study,  research,  information  
or  educational  purposes,  subject  to  inclusion  of  an  acknowledgment  of  the  source.  

While  reasonable  efforts  have  been  made  to  ensure  that  the  contents  of  this  publication  are  
factually  correct,  AIRAH  does  not  accept  responsibility  for  the  accuracy  or  completeness  of  the  
contents,  and  shall  not  be  liable  for  any  loss  or  damage  that  may  be  occasioned  directly  or  indirectly  
through  the  use  of,  or  reliance  on,  the  contents  of  this  publication.  

©  AIRAH  2013    
 

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Closing  the  Skills  Gap  

 
       

Model  career  pathways    

Following  interviews,  industry  survey  and  analysis,  the  following  model  career  pathways  are  
provided  to  the  HVAC&R  industry  for  use  as  guidance.    

It  is  recognised  that  engineers  will  have  varying  exposure  to  the  aspects  of  the  skills,  tasks  and  
knowledge  depending  on  a  range  of  factors  including  size  and  structure  of  their  organisation.  

In  order  to  improve  the  proposed  pathway,  all  feedback  is  welcome  –  e-­‐mail  carolyn@airah.org.au  

For  full  details  of  the  development  process  refer  to  Building  Services  Engineer  (mechanical)  –  model  
career  pathway  –  Version  1.0  Job  analysis  and  report,  April  2013  

Level  1    
Graduate  
Mechanical  Engineer   Level  3    
Level  2     Level  4  
Senior  Mechanical  
Mechanical  Engineer   Principal  Enginer  
Engineer  
Level  1  
Engineering  Officer  

 
Career  pathway  for  Mechanical  Engineers  working  in  Building  Services  

Summary  of  Career  levels  and  role  descriptions  

Lvl   Title   Role  
1   Engineering  Officer  (for  those  with  a   Undertake  concept  design,  schematic  design,  design  
trade  background,  or  currently   development,  tender  documentation,  construction  
studying  toward  an  engineering   supervision,  and  practical  completion  duties  under  the  
degree)     direct  supervision  of  a  more  senior  engineer.  
Graduate  Engineer  (the  most  junior  
position  for  graduates)  
2   Mechanical  Engineer   Undertake  concept  design,  schematic  design,  design  
development,  tender  documentation,  construction  
supervision,  and  practical  completion  duties  under  the  
limited  supervision  of  a  more  senior  engineer,  or  
independently.  
3   Senior  Mechanical  Engineer   Undertake  feasibility  assessment,  master  planning,  
design  development,  tender,  and  construction  
supervision  duties  with  broad  conceptual  guidance  
from  a  more  senior  engineer.  
4   Principal  Engineer   Translate  clients  brief  into  a  system  that  achieves  the  
engineering  functions  required  of  a  building.  
Direct  resources,  personnel  and  new  business  towards  
fulfilment  of  overall  organisational  objectives.  
Lead  business  development,  service  provision  and  
technical  quality  and  innovation.  
 

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Level  1  (entry  level)  |  Engineering  Officer  or  Graduate  Engineer  

Model  Career  Pathway  |  Building  Services  Engineer  (mechanical)  |  Version  1.0  
Level  1  (entry  level)  |  Engineering  Officer  or  Graduate  Engineer  
Title   Engineering  Officer  (for  those  with  a  trade  background,  diploma  or  advanced  diploma,  or  
currently  studying  toward  an  engineering  degree)    
Graduate  Engineer  (the  most  junior  position  for  engineering  graduates)  
Role   Undertake  concept  design,  schematic  design,  design  development,  tender  documentation,  
construction  supervision  and  practical  completion  duties,  under  the  direct  supervision  of  a  
more  senior  engineer.  
Tasks   Concept  design  
• Receive  plans/brief  from  architect  
• System  to  be  used  determined  by  Senior/Principal  Engineer  
• Determine  room  and  ceiling  spaces  required  for  mechanical  services  
• Confirm  understanding  of  the  brief  
• Evaluate  environmental  performance  
Schematic  design  
• Preliminary  thermal  calculations  
• Client/architect  liaison  
• Depict  generally  how  the  system  will  function  
• Environmental  performance  assessment  and  measurement  
Design  development  
• Perform  software  modelling  and  calculations  
• Determine  heat  loads  and  prepare  calculations  
• Detailed  design  determining  size  of  plant  and  equipment  
• Analyse  and  apply  performance  requirements  of  Australian  Standards,  the  National  
Construction  Code,  State  Planning  Legislation  and  Regulations  
• Coordinate  with  other  services  (electrical,  hydraulic,  fire,  lifts)  
• Prepare  reports  (specifications,  equipment  schedule)  including  quality  requirements  
• Submit  all  documents  to  Senior  Engineer  for  review  
• Support  to  achieve  good  design  outcome  
Tender  documentation  
• Assist  with  fee  and  cost  calculations,  and  budget  preparation  
• Engage  with  contract  issues    
• Package  documentation  for  approval  from  client,  architect  and  other  building  services  
• Review  tenders  for  discrepancies  in  scope  (materials  and  costs)  
• Review  against  brief  
• Coordination  
Construction  supervision  
• Conduct  site  visits  to  confirm  installation  by  contractor  is  according  to  the  design  
• Respond  to  requests  for  information  (RFIs)  
• Ensure  regular  client  contact  and  engage  with  clients  as  directed  
• Prepare  site  inspection  reports  
• Review  of  variations,  defects  and  liabilities  period  and  practical  completion  
• Assist  with  ensuring  that  specified  design  flow  rates  are  achieved  (contractor)  
• Assist  with  labour  allocation  (contractor)  
Practical  completion  

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• Inspect  for  defects  

• Assist  with  addressing  defects    
• Hand  over  operations  and  maintenance  manual  to  the  building  owner  
• Inspect  installation  in  one  year’s  time  
Other  duties  as  required  
• Assist  with  witnessing  commissioning  
• Other  duties  as  directed  by  senior  engineer  and/or  manager  
Technical   /   • Appreciation  of  the  built  environment  
analytical   • Brief  interpretation  
/process   • Computational  analysis  
skills   • Document  control  
• Drafting  and  3D  modelling    
• Information  gathering  (access  the  “right  information”)  
• Perform  calculations  
• Problem  solving  
• Spatial  reasoning  
• Basic  job  costing  and  financial  skills    
• Basic  engineering  measurement  techniques  (for  air  and  water  flows,  noise)  
• Undertaking  continuing  professional  development  
• Basic  review  and  analysis  
Soft  skills   • Active  listening    
• Clear  communication  and  non-­‐technical  writing  (co-­‐workers,  clients,  architects,  on-­‐site  
contractors)  
• Negotiation  skills  (with  other  services  and  architect  on  design)  
• Presenting  to  clients  
• Basic  project  management  (including  on  multiple  projects)  
• Report  writing  
• Teamwork  
• Time  management  
Knowledge   • Acoustics  
• Air  conditioning  system  types  
• Basic  psychrometrics  
• Building  materials  characteristics  
• Building  structures  
• Climate  
• Computer  software  
• Conservation  (energy/water)  
• Construction  stages  
• Costs  (of  construction,  labour  and  other  consultants)  
• Cultural  differences  
• Daylight  
• Design  responsibilities  for  occupational  health  and  safety  
• Different  design  techniques  
• Drawing  practices  and  standards  
• Duct  design  
• Electrical  engineering  controls  
• Energy  performance  
• Engineering  and  refrigeration  principles,  techniques,  procedures  and  equipment  
• Environmental  rating  tools  
• Financial  implications  of  different  design  concepts  
• Fluid  mechanics  
• Human  factors  in  engineering  design  

Building  Services  Engineer  –  model  career  pathway  V1.0  |  April  2013  

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• Internal  comfort  requirements  

• Legislative  compliance  requirements  (building  hierarchy,  Australian  Standards,  
National  Construction  Code,  relevant  state  and  territory  acts  and  regulations)  
• Low  energy  technologies  
• Mathematics  
• Network  piping  analysis  
• On-­‐site  hazards  
• Protective  equipment  
• Refrigeration  and  water  systems  
• Right  sizing  
• Safe  work  method  statement  
• Statics  and  strength  of  materials  
• Sustainability  and  environmental  issues  
• Thermodynamics  
• Working  at  heights  
Skills  and   Skills  
knowledge   • Building  information  modelling  (BIM)  
for  the   • Energy  modelling  
future   • Revit  –  MEP  
• Calculation  for  mixed  mode  ventilation  
• Passive  system  design  
• Low  energy  system  design  skills  
• Energy  management  (including  relevant  software)  
Knowledge  
• Basic  understanding  of  building  management  systems  
• Soft  Landing  framework  
• Environmentally  responsive  building  design  and  design  requirements  of  other  
disciplines  
• NABERS,  Green  Star  requirements  
• Sustainable  development  and  green  building  
• Mixed  mode  ventilation  
• Emerging  energy  efficient  products  and  technologies  
   

Building  Services  Engineer  –  model  career  pathway  V1.0  |  April  2013  

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Level  2  |  Mechanical  Engineer  

Model  Career  Pathway  |  Building  Services  Engineer  (mechanical)  |  Version  1.0  
Level  2  |  Mechanical  Engineer  
Title   Mechanical  Engineer  
Role   Undertake  concept  design,  schematic  design,  design  development,  tender  documentation,  
construction  supervision  and  practical  completion  duties,  under  the  limited  supervision  of  
a  more  senior  engineer,  or  independently.  
Tasks   Concept  design  
• Receive  plans/brief  from  architect  
• System  to  be  used  determined  by  Senior/Principal  Engineer  
• Determine  room  and  ceiling  spaces  required  for  mechanical  services  
• Confirm  understanding  of  the  brief  
• Evaluate  environmental  performance  
Schematic  design  
• Preliminary  thermal  calculations  
• Client/architect  liaison  
• Depict  generally  how  the  system  will  function  
• Environmental  performance  assessment  and  measurement  
Design  development  
• Perform  software  modelling  and  calculations  
• Determine  heat  loads  and  prepare  calculations  
• Detailed  design  determining  size  of  plant  and  equipment  
• Analyse  and  apply  performance  requirements  of  Australian  Standards,  the  National  
Construction  Code,  State  Planning  Legislation  and  Regulations  
• Coordinate  with  other  services  (electrical,  hydraulic,  fire,  lifts)  
• Prepare  reports  (specifications,  equipment  schedule)  including  quality  requirements  
• Submit  all  documents  to  Senior  Engineer  for  review  
• Support  to  achieve  good  design  outcome  
Tender  documentation  
• Assist  with  fee  and  cost  calculations,  and  budget  preparation  
• Engage  with  contract  issues    
• Package  documentation  for  approval  from  client,  architect  and  other  building  
services  
• Review  tenders  for  discrepancies  in  scope  (materials  and  costs)  
• Review  against  brief  
• Coordination  
Construction  supervision  
• Conduct  site  visits  to  confirm  installation  by  contractor  is  according  to  the  design  
• Respond  to  requests  for  information  (RFIs)  
• Ensure  regular  client  contact  and  engage  with  clients  as  directed  
• Prepare  site  inspection  reports  
• Review  of  variations,  defects  and  liabilities  period  and  practical  completion  
• Assist  with  ensuring  that  specified  design  flow  rates  are  achieved  (contractor)  
• Assist  with  labour  allocation  (contractor)  
Practical  completion  
• Inspect  for  defects  
• Assist  with  addressing  defects    
• Hand  over  operations  and  maintenance  manual  to  the  building  owner  
• Inspect  installation  in  one  year’s  time  

Building  Services  Engineer  –  model  career  pathway  V1.0  |  April  2013  

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Other  duties  as  required  

• Assist  with  witnessing  commissioning  
• Other  duties  as  directed  by  senior  engineer  and/or  manager  
Technical/   • Appreciation  of  the  built  environment  
analytical   • Brief  interpretation  
/process   • Computational  analysis  
Skills   • Document  control  
• Drafting  and  3D  modelling    
• Information  gathering  (access  the  “right  information”)  
• Perform  calculations  
• Problem  solving  
• Spatial  reasoning  
• Basic  job  costing  and  financial  skills    
• Basic  engineering  measurement  techniques  (for  air  and  water  flows,  noise)  
• Undertaking  continuing  professional  development  
• Basic  review  and  analysis  
Soft  skills   • Active  listening    
• Clear  communication  and  non-­‐technical  writing  (co-­‐workers,  clients,  architects,  on-­‐
site  contractors)  
• Negotiation  skills  (with  other  services  and  architect  on  design)  
• Presenting  to  clients  
• Basic  project  management  (including  on  multiple  projects)  
• Report  writing  
• Teamwork  
• Time  management  
Knowledge   • Acoustics  
• Air  conditioning  system  types  
• Basic  psychrometrics  
• Building  materials  characteristics  
• Building  structures  
• Climate  
• Computer  software  
• Conservation  (energy/water)  
• Construction  stages  
• Costs  (of  construction,  labour  and  other  consultants)  
• Cultural  differences  
• Daylight  
• Design  responsibilities  for  occupational  health  and  safety  
• Different  design  techniques  
• Drawing  practices  and  standards  
• Duct  design  
• Electrical  engineering  controls  
• Energy  performance  
• Engineering  and  refrigeration  principles,  techniques,  procedures  and  equipment  
• Environmental  rating  tools  
• Financial  implications  of  different  design  concepts  
• Fluid  mechanics  
• Human  factors  in  engineering  design  
• Internal  comfort  requirements  
• Legislative  compliance  requirements  (building  hierarchy,  Australian  Standards,  
National  Construction  Code,  relevant  state  and  territory  acts  and  regulations)  
• Low  energy  technologies  

Building  Services  Engineer  –  model  career  pathway  V1.0  |  April  2013  

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• Mathematics  
• Network  piping  analysis  
• On-­‐site  hazards  
• Protective  equipment  
• Refrigeration  and  water  systems  
• Right  sizing  
• Safe  work  method  statement  
• Statics  and  strength  of  materials  
• Sustainability  and  environmental  issues  
• Thermodynamics  
• Working  at  heights  
Skills  and   Skills  
knowledge   • Building  information  modelling  (BIM)  
for  the   • Energy  modelling  
future   • Revit  –  MEP  
• Calculation  for  mixed  mode  ventilation  
• Passive  system  design  
• Low-­‐energy  system  design  skills  
• Energy  management  (including  relevant  software)  
Knowledge  
• Basic  understanding  of  building  management  systems  
• Soft  Landing  framework  
• Environmentally  responsive  building  design  and  design  requirements  of  other  
disciplines  
• NABERS,  Green  Star  requirements  
• Sustainable  development  and  green  building  
• Mixed  mode  ventilation  
• Emerging  energy  efficient  products  and  technologies  
 

   

Building  Services  Engineer  –  model  career  pathway  V1.0  |  April  2013  

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Level  3  |  Senior  Mechanical  Engineer  

Model  Career  Pathway  |  Building  Services  Engineer  (mechanical)  |  Version  1.0  
Level  3  |  Senior  Mechanical  Engineer  
Title   Senior  Mechanical  Engineer  
Role   Undertake  feasibility  assessment;  master  planning,  design  development,  tender,  and  
construction  supervision  duties  with  broad  conceptual  guidance  from  a  more  senior  
engineer.  
Tasks   Feasibility  assessment  
• Translate  client’s  brief  into  a  system  that  achieves  the  engineering  functions  required  
of  a  building  
• Assist  in  setting  vision  and  performance  outcomes  
• Identify  the  viability  of  the  project  
• Formulate  a  brief  for  the  client  
• Form  a  “works  package”/(tender)  
• Determine  and  submit  an  engineering  design  services  fee  
• Estimate  other  costs  and  program  times  
• Plan  work  
Master  planning  
• Determine  system  selection  options  
• Identify  industry  trends  
• Ensure  concept  design  is  on  track  and  meeting  timelines  with  internal  staff  
• Test  solutions  
Design  development  
• Review  detailed  documents  (incl.  sizing  and  system  selection)  prepared  by  
Mechanical  Engineer  
• Monitor  progress  of  design  
• Ensure  design  meets  the  performance  requirements  of  Australian  Standards,  the  
National  Construction  Code,  State  Planning  Legislation  and  Regulations  
• Communicate  with  internal  project  team  members  and  external  clients  
• Negotiate  with  other  building  disciplines  and  coordinate  feedback  
• Facade  design  
Tender  
• Manage  queries  from  tenderers  
• Review  contractors  pricing  (matches  design  criteria)  
• Check  exclusions  
• Recommend  selected  tender  to  client  
• Review  against  statutory  and  brief  requirements  
Construction  supervision  
• Review  contractors  installation  proposal  
• Ensure  integrity  of  design  
• Conduct  site  inspections,  if  required  
• Check  contractors  quality  assurance  procedures  
• Witness  systems  in  operation  
• Review  energy  consumption,  if  required  
• Certification  
• Assess  variations  
• Review  alternative  proposals    
• Assist  in  rectifying  defects  
Other  

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• Supervise  the  preparation  and  submission  of  bids  

• Supervise  relationships  with  clients  
• Direct  resources,  personnel  and  new  business  towards  fulfilment  of  overall  
organisational  objectives  
• Provide  technical  assistance/training  to  less  experienced  engineers  
• Supervise/lead/manage  professional  and  non-­‐professional  staff,  individually  or  in  
teams  
• Provide  technical  review  of  engineering  services  to  ensure  the  functional,  operational  
and  performance  requirements  are  met  
• Conduct  life-­‐cycle  costing  and  energy  audits  
• Ensure  that  the  operating  and  maintenance  manuals  (including  commissioning  data)  
are  provided  to  the  client  
• Financially  manage  projects  as  assigned        
• Develop  and  oversee  schedules    
• Be  responsible  for  the  commissioning  of  systems  
Technical/   Skills  for  Graduate  Mechanical  Engineer  plus:  
analytical   • Allocate  labour  (contractor)  
/process   • Analyse  quality  control  
Skills   • Benchmarking  
• Coordinate  with  external  design  team  members  
• Design  requirements  of  other  disciplines  (electrical,  fire,  hydraulics  etc.)  
• Develop  assumptions  
• Job  costing  and  financial  skills  
• Planning  and  monitoring  
• Pre-­‐commissioning  of  installed  systems  (contractor)  
• Manage  own  continuing  professional  development  
Soft  skills   • Collaboration  
• Communication    
• Critical  thinking  
• Leadership  
• Manage  client  expectations  
• Manage  contracts  
• Manage  multiple  projects  
• Manage  multiple  view  points  
• Manage  project  finances  
• Manage  staff  
• Mentorship  and  staff  professional  development  
• Negotiation  
• Non-­‐technical  writing  
• Presentation  (to  client)  
• Prioritise  
• Problem  solving  (inventive)  
• Resolve  conflicts  between  builders  /  property  owners  and  contractors  
• Selling  design  solutions  
Technical   Knowledge  for  Graduate  Mechanical  Engineer  plus:  
knowledge   • New  technologies  
• Local,  state  and  federal  government  regulations  and  acts  
• Provide  a  rationale  for  system  selection  and  design  
• Building  disciplines  
• Scheduling  
• NABERS,  Green  Star  
• Re-­‐lifing  buildings  

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• Climatically  responsive  building  design  

• Advanced  psychrometrics      
• Advanced  refrigeration  principles      
• Basic  knowledge  of  the  fundamentals  of  design  of  other  disciplines  (electrical,  fire  
safety,  hydraulics,  waste  management  etc.)  
• Life-­‐cycle  costing  analysis  
Non-­‐ • Meeting  procedures/etiquette  
technical   • Motivations  
knowledge   • Contract  law  
• Emotional  intelligence  
• Occupational  change  
• Business  management  
• Quality  assurance  and  auditing  
• Vision  setting      
• Occupational  change      
• Mentorship    
Skills  and   Skills  
knowledge   • Building  information  modelling  coordination  
for  the   • National  Construction  Code  alternative  solutions  and  advanced  alternative  modelling  
future   • Integrating  green  designs,  zero  carbon  considerations  
• Forward  projection  /  life-­‐cycle  planning  
 
Knowledge  
• Stewardship  
 

   

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Level  4  |  Principal  Engineer    

Model  Career  Pathway  |  Building  Services  Engineer  (mechanical)  |  Version  1.0  
Level  4  |  Principal  Engineer  
Title   Principal  Engineer  
Role   Translate  client’s  brief  into  a  system  that  achieves  the  engineering  functions  required  of  a  
building.  
Direct  resources,  personnel  and  new  business  towards  fulfilment  of  overall  organisational  
objectives.  
Lead  business  development,  service  provision  and  technical  quality  and  innovation.  
Tasks   Business  development  
• Present  and  explain  proposals,  reports  and  findings  to  clients  
• Consult  or  negotiate  with  client  to  prepare  project  brief  
• Understand  client  requirements  
• Analyse  technology,  resource  needs  and  market  demand  to  plan  and  assess  the  
feasibility  of  projects  
• Networking  
• Preparation  of  proposals  to  management  
• Technical  mentorship  
• Manage  team  professional  development  
• Manage  client  expectations  
Management  
• Ensure  functional,  capital  and  operational  requirements  are  met  
• Develop  and  implement  policies,  standards  and  procedures  
• Recruit  employees,  assign,  direct  and  evaluate  performance  
• Be  responsible  for  staff  training    
• Provide  mentorship  and  stewardship  to  support  team  in  delivering  on  the  functional,  
operational  and  performance  requirements  of  the  brief  
• Set  financial  targets  
• Determine  concepts  in  line  with  the  organisation’s  policy  direction  
• Be  responsible  for  office  profitability  
• Be  responsible  for  marketing  and  bringing  work  into  the  office  
• Be  responsible  for  contract  reviews  and  dispute  resolution  
• Lead  continued  professional  development  
Technical  
• Set  concepts  and  review  design  development  
• Resolve  design  and  test  problems  
• Ensure  design  intent  is  met  
• Certification  
• Manage  design  errors  
• Respond  and  manage  potential  professional  indemnity  claims  
• Assure  the  quality  of  work  by  less  senior  engineers  
Technical/   Skills  for  Senior  Engineer  plus:  
analytical   • Complex  problem  solving  
/process   • Technical  skills  and  knowledge  management  
skills   • Cost  analysis      
• Quality  assurance/auditing  
Soft  skills   • Client  research  
• Active  learning  
• Judgement  and  decision  making  

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• Risk  management  
• Marketing  
• Human  resource  management  
• Leadership  
Technical   Knowledge  for  Senior  Mechanical  Engineer  plus:  
knowledge   • Expert  witness  
• Industry  trends  
• Personal  development  and  structures  
Non-­‐ • Business  development  
technical   • Financial  principles,  documentation  
knowledge   • Human  resources  
• Knowing  the  audience  
• Leadership  techniques  
• Marketing  
• Office  culture  
• Strategic  planning  
Skills  and   Skills  
knowledge   • Advising  staff  and  clients  about  energy  modelling  for  energy-­‐efficient  equipment  
for  the   • Advanced  comfort  management  
future   • Collaboration,  mentorship  and  professional  development  of  staff  
• Applying  a  more  holistic  approach  to  BIM  
• Outsourcing  and  working  with  staff  in  other  countries  
Knowledge  
• The  latest  technologies  and  engineering  design  trends  from  overseas  
 

-­‐End  of  document-­‐  

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