E@I\[IKO KAI KAIIOAIETPIAKO IIAIYEIIIETHMIO A@HNON

TMHMA MAOIIMATIKQN
g

EYATTEAOT @.ETA]VIATIAAIIE

BAEETE SCHAT]DER EE XOPOYE BAI{ACH

AIIIAOMATIKH EPTA>IA EIAIKE\zHE

ETA OEOPHTIKA MA@HMA'TIKA

EIIIBAEIIQI\I: A@ANAEIOE TEAPNAAIAE

ANAIIAIIPQTHE KA@HrIITHI

A@HNA 2OO5
 no*n<o KAr KArroArETprAKorrAxErrrETHMroA@rrNeI\t
TMHMA MA@HMATIKON
d
EYAITEAO> @.ETAMATIAAIIE

BAEEIE SCHATIDER>E XNPOYE BANACH

AIIIAOMATIKH EPIAEIA EIAIKEYEIIE

ETA OEOPIITIKA MAOIIMA'TIKA

EIIIBAEIION: A@AI{ATIOE TEAPIIAAIAJE

ANAIIAIIPOTIIE KAOIIIHTIIE

A@HNA 2OO5
 g
H ioporiocr Aml"rrlpottrr'1Epyooio
ercnovrl0qrt oro nl,crioto tolv onou8cbv

T1o,tlv on6rctrloqtou
Metuztolwro6 Awi.cirputoq E t6ireooq q
ori ...
n
-vw Lr.4.a.4i.....t:(PT*h#'o!4''''
nou onov6ptt ro
Tprtpc Mu0qPutlrcirv

roo E0vrxo6 ral Kuno6totprurcod IldFzttotrlpfou A0qv6v

tl
rqv :!//.1.*.!.Zg.vl:.. .. '..oru6E(etoottrr'1Enttpon(
Eyrpig"qrce
t
u,notel"ofpwq u,n6rouq :

Ovopotencilvupo Bo0pi6o Ynoypcttptl

Ko0rlprqq) A,.al)'IdD':iyzn;''
AnT,utltw.:.T-ry1r.+2 1.4,. ... (empl'6nov
fu.ssE

W*y*it......

|,
Av+il,..W:"tgt*t
\ze{psot.. Z.urnp d'&r.

'::-:a'rtli"-"i'
;ll*j"*.1,*fti
 Eolelprctfeg

EoXaptmcb rov Avaxlryparrl Ka9qyrlq roD Tp1parcg Ma9rlpaurcrbv rot)

Ilavmtmr1p{oo A9qvrbv rc. A9avd,mo Toaprahd. Wa ro ev&arp4pov06pa roo poo
av60rce rca06s Kffi Wa rryv oDomartrcrlBofi9ua roD ltoD npoo4gtpeyn rryv oDwpaei
GoutEu1g\ud"aryanrcriEepyao{aE.

htxaptmciterioqgnv Kahryyryn1
rc.htmpaoo f*ftlro Kdt rovAvaxlrlpanl Kahr1yryn1
rc.@eo66or1 ym rrlv npri roo Fou 4rrcavav
ZaXapfi,6r1 va-ooppnd,ogoDv
mrlv Tpryilri
Ernrporcrl.
 ii,,

Ztrl 1tvfipr1rcollaiipa poDKat oq Mry#papoo

IIEPIEXOMENA

Xel..
Eroqtrry{ I

Kegdl.ono 1.
IIporatcprtrrcd

Kegdlrlro 2.
oe liopouqBanachI
BdoerqSchauder 13
fi
Keqd?varc3.
,
BdoergSchauder BanachII
oe 26rilpoog 67

Bfhaypcg{rl 77
EIEATOTH

Or 26<ilporBanach anotel.oriv Boorr6 ovnreipwo pel€qq Tto rTl Xuvopcrlorarq

Avdluoq. Irlpovtrrcrl rc),6oqlrilprov Banach eivar or yilpor Banach noo 626ouvBdorl
(Schauder).
Eivot yvoor6 on6 clv fpopprrn i\lleppo 6tt rcd0e 6rowoponr6g 2grbpoq61er
olyepprrnF6on.
flol,)"oi an6 roug rl,ooorrofg onerpo6rdotorougldrpouq Banach, 61ouv orol,ouOieq
otorleicov roDg, pe t6r6trpeg opretd 6tr"roreq
pe ergiveg qS Friongw6q 8towopanrcof
,1s

lrbpou. fro zopdDeryproOeropofperov lrilpo tcrlv prl8wrrrbv orcol.ou0rrbv

,o ={(o,). R^ :o" L ,-;-+o}

r(o,rrqv orol,ouOio (u,) tou c0 IrEen= (0,0,...,0,1,0,...)

) - rron
To o'6vo1.ofioD anoreL"eiroran6 rouq 6poog oDrqg qg orco}.ouOiog,
6w eivcrr
olyeBptrcn(Hamel) B6or'1tou 6towopo,nro6 lcbpoo co, 6r6tt 6w uzudp26et
lcilpog
Banachpe ol,yeBprrrl6dotoor1aprOpr1orpr1.
C)ot6oocrDrl q orolou0ia 61etqv t6r6qto 6fl rd0e otorleio (a, ) rou co, Tpdgetor
pr trrova,6rr6rp6no oov <lpopprr6g oov6uaotr"r6g>
an6 ourri ro. trrovo8roio
@

6wv6opata,lane,. Aev ro261let

6prrlgrdo ovtfororlo orov 26rirpo
n=l

l.* = {(a,). R^ ,(o,) qpoyp6vq

aro},ouOia
}.

fto napd,8etypcr ...)= io,e,

6w onapyenrol.ou0io(a, ) r6rororbote (1,1,1, .
n=1

korc6q oorlg qg epycoiog efvo,rvc trre],ea'looopearo].ouOiegoe lrilpoog Banach,

t6rowg rbo'rerd,Oeorlpeio tou lrirpou, vo pfiopei vu ypo,<pei
pe povo6rrc6tp6zro oov
rtrrv 6provo,utrlqcr1gcrol,ou0io6 rar petd vo 6o6pe
<dnepog lpcrpprr6g o-uv8uoop6g))
rr pnopo6pevo pdOoulr€T1oqv 6oprl trov lrbprov Banachnou 61oovBdorl Schauder.
H onvoptrlonKR 6woro,tqg pdong Schauder6ruv onupyetetvot Xprlorlrn.
H eplcrolcr unore),nwaton6 66o p6pn. Xro p6pog I opf(oups ps rouq oproporiq n19

Pdong Schauderrar SchauderBoorrflg orol"ou0io,qsv6g26cilpou

Banach X.
 BA>EI' SCHAUDERXE XOPOYTBANACH

Mel,etdpe touq 8rolcrrpiorpouglrilpoug Banach,6r6n av wog lrirpoq Banach 61erBdorl

Schaudert6te eivor 6ra44opiorFog.Itrl ouv6lero rotcoreud(outrre toug 6rio, ouvu,<peig
fipoq rov apprc6, lritpoug f rcu,rZ, crco8errvfoupe 6fl sivot lrirpor Banach rot or6pr1

6rr or onerrovioerc,T : X -+ .I rcot j : X -+ Z. eivurroopop<ptr6g

ep<puterioeq.

Ilapouord(oupre ro @ecilprlpa2.8, ro onoio 26oportqpf(fl flg Schauder Baorrc6q

arcol.ou0iegoe lrrrpoug Banach Ko,ln azc66e(r1tou otrlpi(erot ornv flp6roorl 2.7, n
onoia, XprlolpoTroteito 0erirprlpouvotrctrlgonerr6vrorlg rcoro,ut6 ps rn oetpd roD ro
Oerbpqparotqyopfog rou Baire. Iuvencrrgq orotlerril8rlg 0eropiotov lrbpcovBanach
pe B6or'1Schauder fioD Tropooord(etot oto p6pog I, eivct oe tel.eutoio avd,l"uorl
Korrlyopfogtou Baire.
ouv6zretotou Oerrlprlporog
Metd opi(oupe crg fworeg qg oDpptKvorloaq$doqq Kot rng <ppoypwa nl,rlpoug
. .1,
'tlporuita po out6g rtg 6rio
F,iot1g. Ot lrilpot c0 Kot lo , 13 p < +oo onotel,ofv to

2.29
orlpcrvrrr6g ron'lyopieq Bdoerov. Me tov yo,pb l.t aolol.ettar Kot ro @ercr,pqpa
rou James.
Iq ouv61eta, opf(oupe tolup6teprl 6woto prioqq w6g lrbpou Banach, Bdorl lolpig
neproprop6(unconditionalbasis) Ko,tnopouotd(oupeto @erilpqpa2.46 yro B6oeq

X(Dpi;neproprop6,ov6l.oyo pe ro @erilprlpo2.8 yto BdoergSchauder. Ot 26rilpotc0 KCn

lP T1o I < p < +oo 61or-rv unconditional 06on. Edor1g ono8ernnioupe ro

a(toor'1;reiorro0erirpqporoD Zippin: Av rd0e povo8ro,ioblock Briorl puq pova8ruicg

F,ionq Schauder (e, ) efvar roo66vaprl pe nlv B6oq (e, ) tou X, r6re q (e, ) eivor

Pdon roD c0 r'1tou Lp yn rdzroro l< p < +"o. Tril,oq

roo66vcprlps rTlvouvr10rotrr6vq

1d)pogBanach r6re
ono8erKvfoupero Oerirplpa Banach, 6rt av X o,zrerpo8uiororoq
onapyet Schauder Fooucnorcol.oo0io orov X.
Ito p6pog II ouvsf(oDtrt rrl pel.6tr1t<ov lrilpov Banach pe Bdoq Schauder,pe rnv
e<pappoyrltou Oeoprlporog oupndyeu,g tou Tychonoff (To yrv6prwo oupnoycov

lrbpcov pr rnv ra,preoravrl tonol.oyiu etvst Xd)pog oupnoyrlq). I8rottepo

crno8errvfoDpero OerbprlpaTur rrlv toopetptrcrlrcaOo).rrc6qrorou 1ti:pou C[O,t], pa

Banach: Kd0e 8rolrrlpiorpoqlritpog Banach ep<putefetar

toug 8rolopiotpoug 26rirpoug
ernntriroeqo?n TsvtKR
roopetprrd otov C[O,t]. To Oerilpqpoo,ut6 61erw8ra<pripouoeg

Schauder.
Oeropiotrov Bd,oerrlv
 EDA|QfH

ofpgcova p€ ro
AroXo60rogozo6errrnioulrcro 06ropqparrov Bessaga-Pelczynski
orofo, rdOe voppolrcpan ao0wrbg pq6svucrl aroiuouOia w6g 2grilpooBanach,
trscnfyetpta Schauderpoorrfl unoaro].ou0io.
Me prioq ro OerbpqpoAl.6of,oo oupnXqprbvovroror t6r6trpeg rou ldrpoo Z noo
626oupepel"ealoet oro p6pog I ror or6pr1, ernoy26dvetoro 6otop6g pera(6 rcov
F6ongKol rng rppcypworlrlpoug F6oqg.
eword)vrqg oDpplrcvodoog
rl flp6tooq 2.16 ru 6tor 62goupe
T6l,o9oluorc?'rlprilveror to OedrpqporoD James,nou
pe F6oq: Tvag )Crbpog
loporcqpi(er roug ouro?ro0eig26rbpoug BanachX Fe F6oq
Schauder(e,) eivor autono0rlqov Kol p6vo ov n G) eivor gpcypwo zulrlpngKor
oupprrvofoo F6onSchauderrot X.

'ro
KEOAAAIO 1

Ilporcaraprnued
To ofvd.o roD Cantor

Eoppolrop6g. Av a,b eR. pE d < D, 06toope

Lfa,bl=lo,o.+l
K'r Rla,bf=* e?,r]
['
All,o8rl tpt26otopo6lrs
ro 6rd,on1po,
la,bl rat fWUl eivu,tro ovrfororlo oprctep6
rLeror6 uno6r6onlporoD lo,b7, Rfa,bl efvor,ro avdotbr26o
6e(t6 r]"erot6 uno6d-
ornpo ro:ufa,bf

b-a 2(b-a\
ua-q.T-
33

Opi(oupe trreenoyrrryrlrc onoofvoLa C0,C1,... roo 8uronlpotog [0J] ro onoic,rKovo-

zuorofvng or6l,ou0eq ouvOrlreq.

(D Co= [O,t]
(iD Kd0e Cn wroorl 2n rLerctrilv 8rooqpdrrov Kor

Co =_C, r ...f Cn 2 C,*, =_....

(iii) To C,*r rotooKeud,(erut an6 ro Cn ovnrcOrotritvtog r60e 8uioqpo [a,b] nou

ep<pcrvi(erc
r oro C, an6ra rd,etorduno8roor[p ara Lla,bl ror n[a, b] .

To orivol.otoo Cantoreivorto o6vol,oC = hC, .

n=0

Eivor <povep66tr to ofvol.o C eivor oupnol6g unoo'6vol.orou [O,t].

o#tlr 213+r

F -J F -l
 BA'EI' SCHAUDER'E XOPOY' BANACH

To ofvol.o I rov 6uq,6rrrilv orol.oo0t<bv eivor ro Kcpteorov6 pv6pwo

{o,t}*,7={o,t}*. @eroppriproro {o,r} rn 8rorprtrl rono}.oyioKo,roro

{o,t}* qv o-
vr[otor26r1tono].oyiu yw6pwo. o lrilpog
{0,t}* etvar oopnaynq,o},rrd pq ouverctr6g
6nx. n oovernrcf o'uuorrboa rriOe orlpeiou d'e
{0,1}* eivor to povoofvol,o {a}.

1.1 @eripqpa. o )cd)pog

a eivutopolopopqtr6gpero o-6vol.ocantor c.

Ar66e{4. xe r60e 6uo6rrr1orolou0io 5 e a ovflororxofpe pto aro}.ouOio

xJ.erotd,
6raorfpato lrs rnv or6],ou0r1ovo8popr.l.
Ff =co=[o,t]

=t
,u-!rc;-,ovd(n)=o , -^, t
"' nri-,oualr|=t ln=l'2'"')
'Enewnenoyrrryrrd,
6tt yro rd0e n =1,2,..., i; eivatrJ.eiot6uruo8rdoqpotou c,
"o
filq Korc,o'Keurlg
rou ouv6),ouCantor,626et
pr1rcog
3-, rcr 4 = Ff - Fj =...
Ercpwoq n ropn d'rqg trlg orol.ou0io6efvor6vapovoo6vol.o..Eotrrr

f(6)= ro pova6m6
oqpeiortg ropngirj
=0

Opi(etcrt pe out6v tov tp6ao pto orwdpnlo\ f : A -+ C .

H ouvriptrloTl f efvor l-1. rlpdypoa, 6orro d rsr o 66o 6uo6rr6g orol,oogieq

trre
5*o, ro,r 6orcrrn o thlytctog guorr6g opr0p6grbore d(n)+o("). T6te 626oupe
Ff-, = Ff-r. Aquno06ooupe
6n 6(n)= 0 . T6te F5 = LFf_,rcu Ff = Wf_, = Mj_r.

Ta,ofvol.o, LFf_, rar R{6_, eivot(wo ror 626oope

fla). tnj_r,f(o)e Nj_r, enop6-
v'q r@)* f(t). opoirrr€ozro8erKvferat
6n 7$)* 7@) av ono06ooope6n
6(n)=1. H ouvdpqon f avated. rlp6ypo,n,6or{0x e c. T6te an6 ra8uronlpo-
to, TroD epgov[(owol oro c1 DTEapxeL
6va 8dotrlpo F, drore x e Fr. @6toupe
t(1)= 0, cv ro { eivor oprorep6 rno8dotrltrro ror d(t)= I ov to ,{ eivor 6e(r6 rruo-

6rdotqpo,. To r avrlrer oe 6va 6r6orqpo F, an6 ro 8roonlporo, fioo ep<povi(ovtcr

cro Cr, ro ottoio eivat ufio8tdoo1trra

rou .{. @6roope6(2)=0 riv Fr=LF, ran
6(2):l av F, = R4.
 KEOAAAIO I . Ilpororoprctrrd,

Iove26i(oups
eTroToylKd
ror rcuroorceud(outr"re
pe out6v rov rp6no trnu,arol,ouOio6ro-
oqpdrcov: [O,t]=Fo -- r... r Fn 2 Fnur... Ko,rprc 6uo6rrcr1
arco].ou0io
d rbote
5,
*'^!']=l
' ' -={A-'
y*r60en=r,2,...,o, ror
N u l {r}=Ap
( 4 J- t
=| "'
[R-,o,-, crv d(n) =l'

Enop6vrrrq
f(A): *.
H ouvdpqo\ f eivot o'uve26r1g.
flpriytrron,6orrrl6 e /. Ka06vo un6 ra 8taocflporo
-.' 'Eorro
F; 61sr prlroq 3-' . e > 0. Em).61oupe n0 riroc 3-n0 < € Ko,r 06roupe

V : {o e / : o(rc)=a(") yvrK=1,...,n0}.fOte ro I/ eivutneptoffitoud ru Ff" = p"

yra rd0e o eV .

po rdOe o eV 61oupef(o)e Fjr. Eg!"rt eivm /(d).

Enop6vrrrq Flo.Xuvenrbg
6-
.',
yto rtiOe o eY ,
?Coupe

lr@-/(d) <aup*(q,',
).' .
'Eror,
11f eivatouveplg.

Eg' 6oov 11/ eivot ouve1r1g,ud",l-l rar o lrilpoq A eivat oupnayr'1g,6ne:'lan6ttn f

eivar oporopoptprop6gro:o A e:rl'rou C .

E<p'6oov o 26rirpoq
{0,1}* eivar opolopopgrr6g pe ro C , rood(oupe tov 26rbpo
aur6v

pe to C. Kal.oripe erciorlgrov lrbpo {O,t}* o"uvo},oCantor.

Eqv on66et(r1tou en6pwou 0eroprltrrcrog

0a pqorponoulooupeorivol,o pe 8eirteg
1,6(erg.

1.2 Oprcp6g.'Eotrrrwo pn rcw6ofvo),o X .

O Mia ruenepoopdvrl u =<uO,...,"(*)>

o,ro),ouOio pe otrr6goto X :rca)ltwat
).6(11
oto X m eivanropr1rcoE pr l(u),1.(u)=m .
rTE u rot ooppol,i(eror
(ii) Av u =<u0),...,u(.)> rcorv =< v(l)...,u@), efvarLe(eqoto X , 11rapd,fueory
tcov u Kany eivorn XeEn
(concatenation)
tt * v =1 u(t\...,u(m)u(t)...,r(r) > .
(iii) Av tt,u.r... eivot 1.6(erg
oro X, oupBol.i(oupe
Fa \*uzt--- qv dnerprl
arol,ouOiodoro X ue
ol l.(ur)=u, Kot ol (,(ur*...*ttn)-rr*--.*un

lr0 n = 2,3...
 BA>EIT SCHAUDER>E XOPOYI BANACH

1.3 @e<6pqpa.'Eotco() oopnayrlq petprrc6qXd)pog.T6te und,p26et

pro ooveplg rot enl

ouvdpttlotl .r,
p:{o,t}*-+ Q .

Ar66erf4. Eq' 6oov Q eivat outr"rncylgpetprrc6gId)poq, eivar ol.trcdqpoypwoq. E-

ap$p6g !., ranrc],etotdunoorivoXotou 0 , Fu,I't e {0,t}''

<puotrc6g
nop6vcogundp26ouv

pe 6top({)< 1 rirore

Q =vF,', = {o,t}''
}
Ercrval,opBdvowogto eznleiprlpo, 6netor 6tr undplouv qootr6g apt0p6g 1., rar yta

rw F,, Fu*n\e {0,t}" pe6rop({.")<lfz

ra}e u. {0,1}'' rc}.erot6onoo-rivo}.o o,crt

Fu=vf*,' ". {oll'}

Xovef(ovtog pr our6v rov rp6no encyrrlrrdircotoorceud(oupe guotrofg aptOpofq
(Dcxe
l t,l 2,...,ln,...Kotyro rcdoerr e {O,l\tt,...,un€{O,t}" , rc}.eiot6orivo},c Fu,*...*un

(i) o = u\r,,u. {o,t}"}

= uft,,. ."u
(ii) F,,....-,, ,*utu G{o,t}"-'
}
(iii) 6rop{ ,..,u, . .
/,

,, . {0,1}'' riroc
Av 5 e {o,t}* r6te und,p26ouv
O = ut4Uz*...

An6 nq 6r6o1teg (ii) ror (iii) rcarqv nf,r1p6qro, toD d) , Eneran6tr rl toprl trov ouv6-
),rrrv {,-...-,n, n =1,2,... eivan6vopovoorivo},o.@6toupe

/^\ A-
g\0 ) = ro povc,otKooqlrtlo rng ropng I F ur*...*un
.
n=l

Opi(etat pe aur6v tov tp6no pra ouvdprnor1

a: {o,t}*-+ {) .
H ouvdptqorl q eivar e,tn. flpdyprotr, 6or,a x e Q . Aer6 qv r6r6cqto (i) 6zuetctt6tt

on6 tqv t6r6qro (ii) unripler u2 e {O,t}"

undpler ur. {0,I\t' 6tore x E Fu,. Otrroiolg

Le-
ritore x . Fur,ur. Xovef(ovtoq pe our6v tov tp6no encrycoprd,KcrtotoKtDd(oupe
'
. @eropofpeq 6uo6trn oro},ou0ia
€eq r, . {0,1\t' tbote po rd0e n, x e Fu,*...,u,

6 = Ur 4ltz * ...
 KEOAAAIO l. llpororoprnrd

Eivcnr6te <povept:
tn f(6): x.

H p eivo,rouvelqg.flpQrypon,6oroo. {o,t}*. T6te undplouv4 e {0,1f' rirors

O = V, * y. 'F...

'Eotco
8 ) 0, ern),61oupeno aore L. rcrt Oerrrpofpeto ofvo)ro
no "

V =lO. {o,t}*: a(;)=o(;) T1oi =7,...,10,*...*

v"o}.

T 6 t e t o V e i v a t n e p t o prl o u o . f r o d e V p e 6 = u r * . . . * u , n * . . . 1 2 ,e { 0 , 1 } ' ' ; , 6 -

)coDpe ut = vlt...tuno = Vno K0,1enop6vrog

Fur*".*uno= Fr1*,..",^

Iuvenrilq rp(6).4,*...*,* . Eivor ezuiorlgrp(o\. F,,r.'fi^. Apa

t\1

le(a)-,p(o\<6mp\F,..1."-_ . u.
). no
'oote
le(a)- ,p(o\.e po r60e 6 eY . xuvenrbg11q ei'vatouve26r'1q.

'Eotro
1.4 @etbpqpc (Avoutttig cnex6vrorlg). X,Y yapot Banach rcat Z : X + Y

rppoypwog ypcrpprr6g reLeonlg, en[. T6re T eivar avorrttl onetr6vror'1,6q],o8r1yro

rd0e G c X ovorrcr6, ro T(G) eivor ovorrct6oro Y .

1.5 ll6propa. Eorco X,Y yapor Banach rot Z : X -+ I <ppoypwogypopprr6g tel.e-

orng I - I ror r.n. T6re o ypopprrc6gtel.eoc1g T-t :Y -+ X eivat <ppcypwoqrccrdpo

? roopoprprop6q.

'Eorro
1.6 @edrplpa (rlcrotod tpaqfpatog). X,Y yrbpotBanachrcot Z : X -+ Y

Tpoptrucnonem6uol, rbotero 1p6<pqpa

oualg 6 7 {(x,r(x)),r. X}, eivorrc}.etor6
rou X x Y . T6re11Z eivotouveplg.
unoorSvol.o

'Eorcrr
1.7 @e6pqpc (Apf{ opor6popgoo gpfypatog). X yapog Banach, Y yapog
pv6ppo ror p[o orroy6vetoT,: X -+Y,i e 1 gpoypwcovypopprriovre].€or6v, tbote
10 BA>EIT SCHAUDERXE XOPOY' BANACH

pcr rd0e xeX M,)0

undp26er rbote llq(")l 1M, yta rd0e iel (rotd oqpeto

gpcrypwor). M >0 rirorell4ll<M ywrd0ei e1.

T6teundpppr

'Eotro X yapoc,pev6ppc.
1.8 @ecbpqpc.
o) Av K=X nor.m-qpoyp6voKo,t D g X' norm-rrurcv6orov X' , r6re
(r,.):(x,o).
p) Av K=X- norm-gpoypwo Kot D=X norm-rnrrv6 orov X, t6te

(r,l): (x,o).

'Eotro
1.9ll6propc. X yapoqpev6ppo. ;r,
r6te (f ,.) eivar pe-
i = X norm-qpo,Tp6vo,
rptrozroqorpog. I

p) Av o X eivornorm-8ugrlpiorpogr(ot K c. X. normitppoTp6vo,
t6te (X,.') ei-
*
rat o X tivo,tweak*- 8ruyopiotpog.
perprKonoulorpog
vCI,r

T) Av o X eivCI,t t6te (t -.,;)eivot

norm-6ro26copiotpog, petptronoulotpoq.

S) Av X 1rbpogpev6ppac,oreX' 8ulropiorpog,KcX oo0wrilgoupzayig,r6re

(r, *) eivottrrerprronoulorpoq.

'Eotrrr yapoqpev6ppo. T6te r1rcl,erocl

1.10@6pqpc (Al"6tryXno- Bourbaki). X
-.X.'ll"'ll=t|
pn6l.oB*t=t
povo8ro,io X',Eivanwgak*- ou-
tou 8oirof 26rbpou

way€q.

x*eB*., r6rt x*€Rx. 'o}r<os

Ar66er{q.'Eorro po rcd0e
l'-(')=ll'.llll'll=ll"ll
xex rardpo-llrll='"(")<ll"ll yror60e
n "'(r)=Fll"ll,ll"ll] xex.'EtorTnooD-
Tychonofito ofvo].o
: x* e B r6re r. € fI [- llrll,llrlfl An6 @erirpqpo
yrcerptpfvu
". xeX

rot 6.paBr.
,K=fll-ll"ll,llrll]eivoroupnal6s c (x,r),6rou r 11rono]ofo
xeX rrr6ltopogw'

rng roaol,oliog yr-

q w' tonol,oyic orr,;vB*,, stvot o Trsproptop6g
yrv6;rsvo, 611,o611

v6pwo onlv B *..

 KEOAAAIO l. Ilporatoprnrcd l1

'Eotco
Apret ezropwcogva ono8ei(oupe 6n to Bx . afvat rcl,erot6onoofvol,o too K.

A
J e B _, (n K/"ttorornto og Trpogrrlv tonol.oyio yw6pwo). T6te rrrdp26etDirtuo

f rad.orlpeio,6qi'o6n*.t(*)+ f(t) yro rdOe

(*;)r." oro Br. rborexr- ,*"r"),t"-+
Trvo[€vo

xeX.Av x,y eX rat )",peR' r6re

*;(L'+ py)+ f(b+ py)

*;Qr+ py)=n,(*)* w;(y)-+ bf(x)+pf(y).

Eq'6oov o xd)pog eivor Hausdorff, ro 6pro eivar povo6rr6 KOr 6po

f(n * w)= lf (*)* pf(y), ouvenrbqf TpoptrlKnKot orc6pr1ll / ll < I 616o

' Etot Br . eivan
l f ( *) l = lF l rr(" )l <l l xl l p o rd 0e xeX r ot ea4Uworf q.B*' .

K rcr dpa eivotoutrrnoy6g.

rLstor6 onoofvol.oroo oDpfioTo66

'Eorro x 6ro26ropiorpog Banach.T6te o

1.11ll6propu. ?c6pog rd)pog(4.,w) etu.r,

oup?[or]g petptronoulotpog.
uzroofvol,otou X' .
IlpdypcrtrB eivatnonn-qpoTp6vo
".

'Eoro T : X -> c(n *., # ) ut

1.12llp6torcq. X yapoqpev6ppo.T6te 11aeuerr6vtorl

rooperptrrleprpfteuorl,8qrc8q x .u*?..o,c lu ,, ,.. ).

r("X"- ) = (") eivcr1popprrcr1
"- rcopetpucf

tut66et{q.
1}= il'll,611-
r}='"p{'('.)'ll'.ll=
1}=.,,p{'.(')'ll'.ll=
llrft)l=,up{r("{'.)'ll''ll<
q 7 eivarrcopetptnlep<pfteDorl.
m6rqllr(x)l= ll"llyror60e x e X rcorenop6vog

1.13 Opropoi (o)'Eotco X8rowopaorc6q Xrbpogeri tou ocbpotoq rov ?tpoTpa,arcrirv

opr$pcbv.Av A c X r6re o yilpog sp(A) nou nopdyetot o,n6ro A, eivan11topr'16l.cov

trov unoldrpov toD X noo neprfyouv ro A.

roDX Stt,Ac f} .
sp(A)= n{I :Y rllr6.Xr:rPog

Eivor
n

s p ( A ) - { x . X : o n a p y o u vn e N , \ , . . . , 1 , e R , 4 , . . . , x n€ A o c r c x = \ l * x * | .
r=l
12 BAIEIX SCHAUDER'E XOPOYXBANACH

$)'Eorol x yapoq pe v6ppo ro,r (eo)o.* aroluouOiootov x. @6toupe sp(e,) to 26rilpo

aoo nopdyeror cn6 tqv4rol,ou0io (e,),.* ror etvc,rn ropq 6l.orv rcovuzuoliopcov
nou
zrep#26ouv
tqv crol.ou0ta (e,)n.* .

sp(e,) = n{I :Y un6y,cpogroDX W eney yw ni0e n € N }.

Aqr^o6qro ofvol.o sp(e,) eivor o prrp6tepog ypopprr6g on62gcopog

roo x,zou nepr6-

?(etfllv oro),,oo0ta (en)n.n.

E[vcnsp(e,)= {x e X: undplouv n e N ror L,...,l,e R drote , =f)..".1 .

r=l

Ezrioqg06toupetp(",) tov prrp6teporclsror6lpopprr6 rru62gropo

ro1x,nou zrepr^6-

?(elrTlvorcolouOio(en)o.o ipo
xroAzrlo z

Bdoetq Schaader oe TcbpooqBanach I

2.1 Oprop6g.'EotrrlX yapoqBanachror(e,),.^ u,rol.oogiaotovX. H oro1ouota

(", )** eivot p6or1SchauderTro rov X av

(i) en+ 0 yta rdOe n =1,2,...

(DoTt
(ii) po rd,ge x e X , tn6"p1erpovo6tn'1arol.ouglo ,"(1,) npoypanrcrbvoptgtrrrirv,
f'
. ll r ll
x =l)",e,. Ioo66vu,pa -
llll'^e, 4l-"=-o
ll
n=r lln=r I

gn6 ototleio tou X ,

2.2 Opto1r,6g.'EotrrlX yapoqBanach. Mto arcol.ougic (e,),.*

pE en +0 po, rcdQen =1,2,...,l.6yetarSchauderFootrcnov Ttct.rcd0ex . tp(",), undp-

coote x =21,u,, ov
611l.o611
1er povo$rrcqorol.oueio (,1,) zrpoyponrccilvoprOprilv, n=1

eivat B6oq Schaudertou l6iopoutp(u").

pia pdor'1tou X 1,6pe6rr o X 61etBdorl (Schauder)'

Av ondp26et

Mio Schauder Boorrrl arco),ouoia(e,) eivor povo8toio 11voppoprop6rq, ov ll""ll=t

ytc rdge n = 1,2,.... Eivor qcvep6 6xr ov wog lrilpog Banach 61erB6o11Schauder(e" )

t6te etvot SrololPiorPoq.

'ono4 l\ryeFpo, rdoe ypopptr6g

2.3llaponilpqo4. eivcr,ryvrrror6 an6 qv fpopptq
crl,ryeBprrnFdon. Ene6r1 6zrroq0o 6o6trrezropordtro, rrioe 6ra26orpiotpog
x6pog 626er
Banach ep<putefetcrrrooperprrcd otov C[O,f] Kot o C[O,t] 6ro06tet B6o11
?Crbpog
Schauder,0o qtav <puorr6vo prorloet rdnorog ov rdOe 6to26ropiotpoq Banach
26rbpoq
on61co-
61erBtioq Schauder. Kd.n t6toto 6pcoq6w eivor ol.11069.Er6tr6tepo rrrdp26er
'Evog
B&oq Schauder(P.Enflo,1973).
pog roD c0 7to1;6ev ri26et 6L1'og6ta26rrlpiotpog

(A.Szankowski, 1980).
Bdorl Schaudereivat o lcopog Lk',f)
Xd)pogBanach ?c(Dptq
Ta ropo8etypata outd eivor oprcetdnohinl"orcarot 6w to neprlpdqoDps'
 14 BAXEII SCHAUDER,E XOPOY, BANACH

H otorletril6qgpel,6tr1tcrrvldlprovBanachx pe
BriorlSchauder,eox1i(erarorqv Ko-
ta'oreu4 66o, ouvaoril rrborrw Banach J rot Z,
orqv roopop<prrc4ep<prireuorl
T :x -+ J ro,r orTrvroopopgrKnepgfreuoq : x -+ Z. .'o),ngor
i 0epel.rcil6eq
t6t6q-
Tsgr.ov Bdoecrlv,zrporfatouv on6 qv trrel,6'1ourrirvrcovepguter5orov.
Ap2gf(oupe pe to lrbpoIror rov rel.eonlZ.

2.4 opto1t6g.'Eorcox yapoqBanachrat (e)

F,ion SchauderTrorov x . @6rouue
(, ')
, =l(r,)eRN:*plli
iln l
t.noll.
*1.
, z llr=r ll )
o r pe npaleqrco,rd,
ouvreroypwrleivcrypotrrprr6g
lrbpog. zrov z opi(oupenonn
ros
e(r1s: =(1.).,. ;t,
=yllf t.".llr,no,,
lll"lll
H lll.lll
eivmv6ppocrovz. Irpdypon i
(i) lll"lll=
o yrarcd,oe
ser.
(ii)'Eotro =o.r6tellaqll
lll"lll s,yll_4L.ll=o*o, apol4lll",ll
=0rco,r
enerorl
e,+0
0o, eivCI,tlt = 0 .

Enopwors o r* ouvenrir
Vrlllrrll=::flllr.oll=
n>z llx=2 ll
s tz =0 rar eralcrryrrd,
zorpvoo-
trreln =0 Trorale n=\,2,...,6n1,a6ri
s=0.

(iii)Eotro
s=()",)ezKor2eR, r6re2"=(tt,) rcor
lll,rslll=ryll*"*"ll=
=trl':oll;4".ll
=ailrill
(iv)'Eotco
s=(2,).2, ,'=(p,).r. T6tes+.r,=(X,*p,) rccrefvm
lll"*",lll=
.Y,llla-orb.ll=.Y,{ll.I4".il.l!,n.l|}=.yl[u
anoaef(ope
lll"lll.lll"'lll.'Eror Kc,r
trryrpryrovrrcrl
ovro6trlra
lll,. r,lll: lll"lll.|il",ilI

2.5rrp6tccq.o,crirpog
k,lil llDeivorlrirposBanach.
 KEOAAAIO 2. BdoergSchauderoe lrilpouq Banach I l5

Cauchyotov -I, Pt s. :A^,,Yo ILa m =1,2,"' Kar

Afi68eqrl.'Eorco(s,) crrol,oooio

orouR,
(1.^,):rorol.o,0ia 6", vram,I e N rcor
u, *olli, ^,."rll< +co.rlopoqpofpe
n llx=l ll

- -iA^,. - 1,.*b*rorenop6vorq
A^.,- 1,.,b,=f(1.^.- 7,,.b*
lra n =l,2,...,ropret

-i,,,llp.ll
l^^,. ''
lli=r
.-r,.),.11
.lli(i..-r,,.),.11.llilr, ll ll*=r il

n - t^,lllu,ll.
lrl^., *lll".- ",lll
lll".- ",lll
n -',lllrrordoe
'?=!,2,.'..
l1^,,-t,,,lll",ll=2lll',
Apo yra rdoe n =I,2,..., q orol,oooio@^.^X=,rt1gr o-
Cauchyoto R, dpo undp?Cst
'F)

rol.ou0io (1,).RN rirotel^,n--i-*) )'n ytar60e n =1,2r....

@6roope, =(1,). H orol.ouOfo(s.) eg' 6oovieivo,tCauchyeivot rot qpoypwr'1,611-

*ollir.,., rll=, Tto rdoe loreN, 6pa

l,o6qundplerM > 0 rirotelilr,lll=
n llrc=t ll

ll , il ll ". ll
m,neNrordp. l11ll}
pa rc60e o1ouv6lero
^^""rll3Mru o,n6
ll}^^.."rll=t
rooTpopprKot
Korr.ovnpd(eorv
q6 v6ppos noipvoupe
26rbpoo, u n
llm ;t, ".ll=
ltn il ll" ll
s=(),,)ez'
neN rotepo*plli ^."oll=M ranoovenioq
lllr"r"il <M yturc60e
ll.=1 ll n llr=1 tl

r. -I-lll-r.
Io2guptop6q.
'Eotcoe>0,t6teeq'6oovq(s.)eivarCauchyundp26errnoeNcbotellls,-trlll.i

yur rd0e m,l ) no 611l.o6'4

-^,.Y.ll.i
'*'180.. po rcdOe m,!. > mo.

Eruopfv<og

pord0e ffi,I ) mo,Trard0eneN

 16 BAXED SCHAUDERXE XOPOYXBANACH

rco'r
dpal*llit , " - o.b.ll< f *o, an6rqouvclera
r,ovnptleov
roDypopprrcot
a
lrbpou, tr1gv6ppcg Kor ro 6o 1,,* = ).0 nporc(trwet
6n
lg

- ytcrdoeneN,ffi, ffio
lffit, " u>.ll=;
rcot6neto,r6rt:

':rl[ 0. , - ^)".11= parrioeffi) ffio

t.e
,llrrtl
rotdpa
lllt,-"lll<s Ttor&}t, m)fti0. Enopwcrrg raro26rirpog
Z eivat
".-iUl-+s
Banach.
'iu

2.6 oprop6g rcr rrapcoprfloerg.'Eorro x yapoqBana'chrat (")

Boon Schauder
rou X . Opi(oopeu1vo,nerrc6vror1
Z : X -+ Z,

r(x)=r(#,s.,",)= (r,) po rrioe,= i ).nen

ex .
\n=t ) n=r

H,anerr6vrorlZ eivarral.ri optopfvn.Av x e X r6re T(x)e Z .

flpdypan, 6orro xex, x=t^,",, 6.pu f^.r.--;;-+.r, Ko,r enoprhrrog

n=7 x=l

ll"ll
' e>0 und,pleraeirrrls
llIl.""ll--r-.tilxll.rra noeN,ri)otr rro
llf,^.")l=W+s
ll*=r ll
llx=t ll

r&*t,n>no.ruvencirs eq,6oov
orapropoi
:*lliUu-ll=m+s<+oor* l|;r*""11,
n 1noetvotrueaepoop6vor
ro ntrloog6nerut* ,:rl[ 1,.".11.
** .

Av x,yeX pe x- y r6reT(x)=r(y). flpriypon,6otrrr

x =i),",,y=tp,e,.
n=l n=1

Enedrl x=1, cn6 tov oprop6 qg F6ong Schauderaporc,zter l,=Fo, yu, rriOe
n = 1,2,....'Etor
(1,) =(p, ) rar T(r) = r(y).
H nprbq e<pcppoTr1 tou Oeroprlpo,tog
Baire, p6ool roo 0ecop4trrotog
ovoucnlqanerr6vr-
oTl€,orrl Oeropiolrilprov Banachpe Briorl Schauderneprlyeruoqv
er6pwr1np6rcor1.

2.7 rrpfuucr1. H onerr6vtor] T ; x -> E elvat(ypapptrcDroopopptrrl

eprpfreoorl.
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoetg Schaudero'elcirpouqBanachI r7

Ar66e{r1.H 7 eivarypctrtnKn.
'Eorro
x,! € X , a,F e R, x =t1,",,,! =ip,e- . T6te o;r+
0y=i(*,+ Bp,)e,,
n=l n=l n=l

T(mc+fy):(il", + fp,)= a(t",)+F@)= aT(*)+BT0)

Enioqgrl7 eivor1-1.
'Eotro @

)",eneX ro,tf(x)=0. T 6 t e L n = 0 p o r d Q e n = 1 , 2 , . . .r c o t d p ox : 0 .
"=I n=l

.an
'Eotco
r=I)"ne,, r6rc Z).".--;:;-+x Ko,r ener6r1n nonn eivot ouvep.1q,
n=l x=l

ll"ll

llI2.,*ll--#ll'll
'f,
ll"o ll .. .
yta€ >0 undplet
Eruop6vros noeNdrotell'll-;.lll;.",,;;=lll(,r,)ll=lllrk)ll
ao.
ll*=t"ll
I

ll'll-'.lllr(')ll pordoee> 0 rcor

ouvenrbs
ll"ll=lllrft)llro.roeex ex .

Iqpprcp6q, O f(X) eivcrlrbpogBanach.

Azr66er{qroo r61Dpr6pd. O f(X) eivorlpopprr6q ua626ropog roo J. Aprei zpog

ro6ro vo ono8ei(oupe6tt o f(X) eivarrl.erot6 onoofvol,otou J. 'Eloupe

x e X rfroto<irotex =fl,r,)
r(x): Kl,). Z : onupyer .
n=1

'Eotrrr(s.)
orol.ouOio,
otov r(x), seI ioote s, =A^,,L.^, =(),,).
",-l[I-+s, "
'Eorcrr
m eN rirotelll", -"111.9,epo
a > 0. T6teundp26er

ll" ll
lll(,t ,. - l.b.ll.i J yrorcd0en e N. (l)
ll.=t ll
n
@6toope !n =21^*€*
x=1

*,=f).*"*
.
rc=1

H aro),ouOio (y^) eivar ouyrcl.ivooooro,r d,poCauchy,enop6vrrlqonapyerno e N io-

rr€
ote ll!"- ytll<; yto r&Oen, (, no rl
J
18 BAIEII SCHAUDER'E XQPOYI BANACH

ll.7-*,!^,.'.ll'; (2)

ftan)lrro6loupe

-^^,.b.ll.l|;tu
=llltu -^^.>.ll-.llp_,,!^.".11"'?"
=,
Apo n orol,ouOto (x" ) eivar Cauchy rar enedrl o X eivar Banach 0a,ouycl.ivet, 611-

l"a6r1
undpferro )*€*=x,on6rer=i ).*e* KaLdpas =(1,)ef(X) rardpa
lgl

ro T(X) eivat rLetot6 uzcoorivol,otou.r-:

,i,
'E26oope
ono8ei(et
l.orzu6v t - t, lll|l= lllr(ry)ll,
6n T ypappucn, dport r-1 :r(x) -+ x
efvu,touve26r1g,
e,tn,rar l-1, on6reon6 0erilprltrrJavorrnlg arcerrc6vroq
g, tnerat6rt rar
q I eivor ouveplg ror o,no6ei10nKrTlnp6toor1.

Eq'6oov11I eivotouve26qg,undpz6ei
M>0 ci'otelllr(x)ll=Ull"ll
y'ord0exeX,

epcllxll=lllrk)ll xex,6paM )r. 'Etor,

<Mll.llyrordoe etvatroo-
lll'lll=lllr(')ll
8rivaprlv6ptrraotov X .
Me p6or1ounlv n1v ap6taoq, o,no8errvrirrolro en6pwo Oedlpqpo,
zroo6iver xapa-
rn1prop6,zr6tepw,o,rol.ouOia(",) o'wo 26rbpo
Banach,eivorBdorlSchauder.
2.8 @edrpqpo.'Eotco X yapogBanachro,r (e,) arol,ou0ioorov X. To e(r1qeivor

roo6riva,pc
(i) H orol,ou0io (e,) eivarpriorlSchauder
rou X .
(ii) Iopouv.
(l) e"+0 ywr60t n=1,2,...

(2) X : tp(",).

(3) Yndpler oto0epd K > 0 rborepo rd9e m,n e N trren <m Ko,rrlCI,rd0e orol.oo-

tiu),,^2,...,l^e
Rropiet
l|;t""ll=
"l|;U".ll
Az66e{q. (i) = (ii).
Or (1) rcor(2) ro1$ouvcn6 rov oprop6rng FdongSchauder.
(3) fvropi(oupe6rr o rel,eoulgT : X -+ Z tivatroopop<prrcf1
ep<pfteuoq.
Apa
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoeq Schauder
oe lrbpougBanachI t9

llltft)ll=llrllll"llrtarcd,oe .r=it*"* ror61oope

x e X . @troDlrs
a r=l

l['.ll
il|'ffi'.)lll=lnr
lll r^
Eiva'l \lll
= l n ^n.ll,
::rll]
lll'[Iu'".llll
tl
6'lo'l 4"ll=rr'rr
:yll; lli,",.
ll @6toupe
r =llrll.
r6te llir",.ll= n<m.
t.,.lly,or60e
ll*=r ll "llt
ll*=r ll
Avdotpogo.(ii) +(i). ftava eivotq orcol.ou0ia
("") pc"n Schauderrou X nplner

vo aao8ei(oupe6tr, po r60e x e x ,un6.pyerpoud&tn u,rol,ou0ia@,) npoyvacrrcirv

opr0prirv,(aorex =2^n, . 1

Av x e x ror * =21,"n r6re 11orol,ouOia(1,,) *vat povo8rrf. Apref va ano6ef-

( o u p e 6 t r c r v ) 1 1 , " ^ = 0 t 6 t e 1 n = 0 p o r c t i O en e N . 4 r g 6 q o u v 0 r l r c r l ( 3 ) e l o u p e
n=1

y.'rcdoe
lla",ll="l[u".ll zeN,dpall)1e,ll="llir.,"ll=o
*, apol4lll,,ll:0
ror
&at)r=0(e,*0).

Enop6vo4
n&)*on6tnv(3)626oupe rot
ll\",*tr,ll<"l[r.r,ll=0,dpo.llrlll.,]l=0
6 r o t) " r = 0 ( e , * 0 ) .
Xove2gf(ovtoq
sfioTcDTtrcd,
oovdyoupe6ct Xn=0 yro rdQe n=1,2,.... Apo ov Tlo

x e X ,wilpyetorcol.ouOio
(1.,) ao"t,r =i lnen,:c6rln @) eivorpovo6rr4.
n=1

@6roupeY : {x e X : onfuprer
aro},ouefr(4)e RN <bote* =i)",",} . Eivargavep6
n=l

t:n sp(e,)gr. fro va eivarq o,rol.ou0io("^) pdorlSchaudertoo x,npfuwwcro,no-

6ei(oupe6n X = Y rcc,rl"6yo tr1gQ) (X = rp(",), opret vo ozo8ei(oupe6a ro I

eivor rasrot6 onoofvol.o rou x.'Eora (*^) orol.ooOiooto y,xeX rbore

20 BA'EIX SCHAUDERXE XOPOYI BANACH

xm , - - - > * - > x . E g ' 6 o oxv, e Y , l n 6 . p y o ' D v) " ^ , * e R . , r = 1 r 2 r . . .o l o r ex ^ = t 7 ^ , * " *

r=1
a
y i l am : 1 , 2 , . . . .

fta m,(.eN rca,ryroKd0r

neN eivo,r

- \,^)"^
(tr^,^ - r,,.b.
=fA^,. -TA*- ),.*b*,
r=l r=l

0p0

.-t,.ll1.ll=
l^^ ..
l|It
-o.>.11..-t,.b.ll=
l|:t,
="llit,*-o.>.11. -
"llitr.o.>.ll= '1,
ll., ll
=2Kll}ll..- ^,.-b,,ll=
zxll*^-x,ll.
ll*=r
I
'C)ore - l,^l=ffilv^-',ll r6oe
l).^,^ vro neN.
H arcol,oo0io (*-) eivcr Cauchy eq' 6oov ouycl.iver, 6po q o,rcol.ou0ia(),^,\=,
"inor,
Cauchy yrc,rd,Oen = I,2,..., enop6vcrrg
oulr<l,ivetrcu,r6otcrr)"n=lim ).^,n.

_!_
@6roupeyn = LL*eK Tta n =I,2,.... fia rcd0em,(.e N 626oupe
rc=l

-p^u,..ll=
ll1^^,.". 0.
l|; .-^, <
.b.ll -
Kil',
',ll
'C)otel l r r l l -21,*r.11< rllr, - f rat enet8qn nonn eivoroove14g,
llZl^*r- x=l ll 626oupe
ll"=r ll

I*llr^^.".-2, ..ll<rgSll',
- *,l1,
611l,o6,r -2r".ll<rll'.- xll,r
ll7^^.,.
ll}^^.".-r,ll= rror&oe
KIV^-'ll m=1,2,....

@aano8ei(oupe
6rt l,-)Lxr1 lim 21.". = -r Ko,rapax =},l*u*.
n-+6 nt-
*=l K=l

'Eotrrr
e>0. EznMloupemeN rilorell", -rll . -L. Eivot,^'=i)r^,KeK,eno-
Jl\ + J r=l

pwcog
rnapyet
no 'orellf,^^..,.-
'" r, ll. --: - pa
' rd0e, ) ,0.
l|;; ll K+3
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoetq Schauderoe 26rbpoug
BanachI 2r

fw n> no 61outrre

llr.-'ll=
llr.-2^^."4*ll2^^,.".-'.11.il'.
-'1.
. K l'lnr'- - r l l * + = + l l "ur"-' - r l l . K t u
,* * . 9 * 9 + 9 = r .-
" K+3 " 3K+3 K+3 3K+3 3 3 3

Apo x =I!Xy,=ltgl ).*r*=i.).,e,. A11l.o6rl

xe Y . Aparcd0e
ouyrcl.ivoooo,
o,Ko-
K=l K=l

Lou0to,ototleicov tou I, ouyrl,ivet oe ororleto tou Y rcorouvenci)go y eivar Kl,er-

ot6g.

2.9 Oprop6q.'Eora X ,(rbpogBanach rcot (en) prioq Schauderroo X. fto rcdOe

,i.
n = I , 2 ,...o p i (o u p 1
e: X ) X ,
(a \ e
P"lI A*"*l=Zl_".
\ x=l 'l x=t

(r^
(* \ t =J
ratei:x -+R, L^.".1= tr,,6q],o8r1 =
"\Ei
"l[ . / ,
"iG)=d,,
, \ r / u ] :av
[0avi+7

2.l0Ilp6tnor1.'Eorrrl X yapog Banach rcor( an) F6on Schauderrou X .

(1) Kri0e Pn eivanypoppur6g rcr ptil.roroK = s"pllP,ll. **.

gpoypwogtel,eoc1g

(2)u). x-,llr;ll n=1,2,....

=ffi ytordoe
lle^ll

Az60er{q.(l) 'E26oupeyro x e X, * =i)"."*

r=l
Kor n e N, lle(')l=
l|;u""ll=
yrarrioexex rordpollr,ll<llzll
llek)l=llrllll"ll
llltft)ll=llrllll'll.'c)om ru rceee
n =1,2,...r4r K = rupllP"ll
enop6vog < llrll< +.".
(a \

(D eillt.e. ^,.
)=
E'ionsl,€n= r"6)-P,_,(*)
rordpolt,lll")=lleG)l*lle_,G)l=
zKll4[
Enop6vroq
p.1=ffiil"||
,r p;k).ffitt"tty.ordoe
xex rurdpall";il=ffiporrioe
 BA'EI' SCHAUDER'E XQPOY' BANACH

e ite X .. H o to gep&l<K = t"pllP,llr oLettcnotcr 6epdqgF6oqq'

n = 1 , 2 , . ...rc'r6 ro
Banach eivCI't
p6or1Schaudero' wo 26rilpo
Av K = I n F6orl rcole#crt pov6tovrl. K60e
pov6tovrl oq fipoq pro too66vcrpqv6ppct'
p&oq totl X eivot pov6tovq'
Av X = co i lo pe 13 p <+oo t6te 11ouvq0rcp6r;r1
qq (e")' H crrol,ouOia< e,,el >
H orol.ouOi" G) roLettot opOoltbvtoarol'ou0io

rcal.eitor6roP0oybvtoo6otqPa''

H crrol.ougia(";) p6or1schauderpo tov gbpo z nottnop61e1

2.llllpoto6q. "in-
z ='p(":).
;r.
An60er{q.Apreivoro2griorrvoltpetqouv0(reqtoliOec'lpr1patoq2.8.
-l 'Eotto
Eivat +O 1r0 560e n =1,2,""
x1>x "l
cLeotflq, P:(*' )= o P"'
P: ; X* -+X. o 6u1rc6g ".
"
Z
T6te aivar efrol.o vtl 6ofPe 6tr 0v z e '
x""P)
n
g" t .
z= L).rceKr,orcP)(z)=l)'.e. .'Oeco4yvopi(oupe
r=l K=l
R.
eivot qpoTtrsvog ypopprr6q tel'eodq Kot <puotr6
llell Ko16tot P:
ll"Jll=
('^)''Eotrrr n1m Kot
=K<+a,6nouK
*pll",ll n oto0epd rng P6oqq
n

\,1y,.",1^ e R" T6te

=
llll"t
l[2,",: =
(:'.''
)llil"; =
illli,"";
ll "lli,",:ll
2.8q (,1)"wo,p6or1
oeri,pqpcr
o,,6
*u,,,ri,q schauder
"* llir.,;ll="llir."lll,
(e;) efvotSchauderp*otrq orcol.o'gior*r pdl't-
T'o,rov .,n,poz = rp@)), 6ql.o6r1n
ortr pt t6to oto0ePdK tqg Pd'onqG") '

p6o1 Schauderro1) x . H (u,) rt-

2.12 opqro{..Eorro X lirrpogBanachror (e,)
ov Z = tp(":)= *. ' 6q1'cr6(ov 1 opOoyrirvur
Terol oDpprrvorioc(shrinking) B6o11
*
1o tov X '
urol.ou0ia (rl) t*ot B6o11
 KEOAAAIO 2. BrioetqSchauderoe
ldrpoogBanachI zs

H (",) Leyerot<ppoTpworxnpng
@oundedlycomplete)ov o cl.eo rrls T : x _+ Z
eivc'rezrf,&l],o611
11(e,foeivargpcyp6vozlnpng ov
Trorc6gearo].o,1ia ().,) oro R,
psrrvr8dtqta
r:rllt s,.".1.+a,on6.pyet
x ex rirore
x =t^.r. .
rc=l

Eotrrr x,(6pog BanachKo,r(",) Frion schaudertoo

x. T:x_+z pe
(o \
Tl\ ),e, (1,)e r rcopopqucq
epqrireuoq.
\n=l )
l=

fv<rrpi(ootrre
6'' o xapos x epgucfsrCI,rroolrerprrri
otov 2a6utr6 rot)x*, ,X-,)x,, .
Eotro (e;) n 6urrn goorrn arol.ouOfo.Av
x e X, rpre
*rf
(1)x =Z"iGh,
j=r
t
flpdypoa,* =i),,",,)., = ei(x),6.pa
x=t";1*y.", rco,t
dnop6vrog
Z(x)=(";1.\. Z
roreaer6rl *(ni),orer(x)=(rG:)
"i6)=
(2) Av x*' e X** r6re opi(erat11orol.oo0
tu *-, ("i\ i =1,2,...
flcpoqporipe 6u ytc rdOen e N 61ou p:.:
tLt X** _) 7.** ro,rrivor

Pj.("*F
\*.'Qi)",
frpaypan, yla x' e x* eyoupep;'(".-X"-)=
yw x e X 61oope
".-(pj("'),
* =t{Gh,, dpo
j=l

p:(,.\.)=
*.(1ft)=""(f I",.G)*.(e,) ,.t ,l:)t"l
";G).",)= {f
P;(*.)=toG,b:
'
Xuvenrilg

(,*I,.)=*,.(plG,) = -(":\.(",)
p"* = .G:
;, Z. >,(",)=(Z;. G:
>,)6.)
K',r
apop).6.,)=Zr**
("r>,.
fvorpf(oupear6pr16a o 6uTr6gsv6gtel,eoc'
6yetrqvi'n v6ppo.
 BAEEI' SCHAUDER>E XOPOY>BANACH

= = =llell
ll'..11=
ll',i.llll'..11
il";-('..)l
llt'..("tI,ll "ll"."ll
'c)ote n=1,2,...
ro rcdoe eivo,r dpa'*111,"t";>,ll=
rp-11,
lli'-t"t!,ll=
11orol.ouOio
< +o Ko,rouven<irq {r.'(e;)[, . t.
"ll"..ll
Enertetvootrrerov tel,eon'1 T ot wo <ppcrlpwotel"eod i : X.' -+ 2 , pt

f(t*):{r*(ei)f,. Etuot <pavep6

6tt t eivorlpopptr6qKot qpoTp6vog,
6t6n

)ll=':'lE'..
lll'('- (,;)",11
="il'".11
xupB$i(oDpstov te].eotr1t ps r .
)):, = {";G)[, = r(').
T=T'
n
I

2.L3npttcoq. (i) H arol.oo0ia (e,) eivat oupprrvorioc ptiorl ov Kot p6vo av o teLe-

or:rlqT : X** -+ ^I eivot 1-1.

F6orl, r6re onfupyet<ppolpwoqypopptr6g tel.e-

(ii) Av q (r" ) eivot tppoypwo nl.r1pr1g

ofrgP: x.. -) X,riroc P(x) - y \1ar60e re X.

A166sfi.
(i)'Eotro 6rt n (e") eivotoupprrvo6oapdor1,rttre $({)=X.. Av po rdnoro

r(r* )= 0 , r6te ,'. G:)= 6 po r&0e n =I,2... ror d,pca" =0 rot ? et-
x" 6,1oupe

v o , r1 - 1 .
T I-I
Avtiorpocpo.'Eotco A" x** eX'*, rbotet--(".)=0
r6re:un6.pyer
"pG;)cX*
pcr rcdOe
*..tp|i) Kot .tr*'+0.'oprogr6re x'.(s')=0 *o, upa 76..)=9 rcoteg'

6oov Z I - 1 0a ttvc,t r'* =0 dtozco.

(ii) Av (",) <ppaypworuInpng,r6re el optopof T : X -+ Z eivanetn, rot dpa

T : X -+ 2l eivartootlopqrcp6q|.'n.
'Erot
ondplero ovtlorpogoqtel'eoo1qT-t : E -+ X
 Banach I
KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoeq Schauderoe 26rirpouq 2s

tr **
+
A-
P @6roopeP =T-1 oi : X** -+ X . P qpoTp6voq
TpopptK6q tel,eoc'1q Kot Tto xeX , tfvot
,r -t
P=T-t of P(x)=T'(tG)= r-'(r(r)= x , apaP(x)=v.

'Eotco X
2.14 Oprcp6g. Xd)pogBanach ps pdon Schauder(e,) Kort
z : tpG) -x.. T6te (e-) eivmp6oqpc rov z .

-/ :X -+Z*, at/xe{
opi(oupetr1vozerrc6vrorl =i4r;1),
'i, "tr" /r{ir,ril
\''=r ) i=t

6q)"o6n t(rk): t(*) yro rcd,gez e Z .

I
eivor lpopptrrl,
H ./ npo<povrirq

2.l,5llp6ra6q. H onetr6vroq "I eivot toopop<ptrt1epqfteooq.

An66erlr1.rrur60s rcordpo
xex , zeZ,lt(*k\=lr(").llrllll'll ll"rft)l=ll"ll.

roprprop6sll"rft)l= po rdOex e x 6zuou tqs Bdons(e,).

K 11ocaoepd
|tt'tt

Ar66erfq roD r6lppropo6. Aprceiva ono8ei(oupe6c o toluprop6qro$er yto

r60e x . tp(",) (petd nalpvoupe6pra- rc].etot6tqtorc.],.n).

'Eotro
*. sp(n,), x =t^,", 1@) = x.
r6ren l6rcre
\(x)= x.YTE6'pXr;-
:rcrre

utdplet x* e X* , rirotellt- ll= 1 rat x. (x) = lltll.

Hahn-Banach
An6 @erbprlpo

'Eorro P, : X. -+ x*. Eivsr P:(*.)=24r; . z Kot /GXP"'(x.)= r,-(t-(t)=

i=l

=llxll.
=,. (h("): x-(x)
'c)ore =ll"'G)lllp,i('.)l= 6ql,o6n
11"r1';1r,
llr(")lll";llll'.ll<
ll'll=
lvft)k;('.)
yrord,oe
ll"ll=rllvft)l llvk)l-fil"llporcd0e
xex rar6tor xex.
 BAXEIT SCHAUDER>E XOPOY' BANACH

Enop6voq n ofielK6vron J : X -+ Z. eivo,t roopopqrrq ep<priteuorl, 61)'4611

XeZ'
epgtreiitet or
roopoperKd
d

(e,) pe"n SchaudertouX.

2.l6llp6roaq.'Eoxo X yapogBanachrcor

(i) Av n Fdon G) eivor oupptrvo6oa r6re Z' = X*' Kol q onerrc6vrorl

epgfreuorl r:X -+X.., 6qXoSfl/G):r(*)

J:X -+ Z' tiyat 11rcovovrrcr1
y t o r d , Oxee X .
(ii) Av r.1p6oq (e") eivor qpcrTpsvonlrlprlg, t6te 1 pootrrl orol.ouoto (e-) eivot

oopprrvofoo Kor 1 onerrc6vroqJ : X -+ Z' etvaneni rcar6po roopop<prop6q

'io
tou X enitou .Z., 6ql,obi1X = Z' .
(iii) Av 11pdorl @,) eivot rppolp6vonlllprlq Kor oDgptrcvo6oc,r6rc o X eivor

cutono0t'19

Aa66er(q.
(i) Av (",) eivo,toupptrcvo6oo,t6te Z: X* KOt ouvenioqZ* = X*" rot &pcr

J(x)= oProPo6.
"Q) "E
An6 tov oprop6rT$ J, 6netat6tt r'1
ruXnpng.
(ii)'Eotro 6n 11(e,) eivor<ppoyp6va

crrol.ougia\l(")\7--, eivot q 6otrq orol.ougfo"nq G), Oqi'oa4t' 6top0oy6vr*

ouvoprrlooet8rl qq (e;) fn onoio eivat pdorl tott z)'

Eivcrrt(r,le)= n,(t,)= 6u.

Tlo rov lrbpo nou

fvropt(oupe 6tt 11orol.ouOio {"f(er)}ir eivur Bootrrl orco}.ouOio

r a . p d l e ro ro v Z '. A v ze Z Kor z*eZ* r 6r e r =il( ",\tpi. Er uop6vroq

i=l

@ ,

,. Q)=f,t(r,kY;k- ). rrcrr60en e N riz6oupe:

i=l

i=l
Q.)=(>.t G,\^,;
Z,G,\,b: )
J(,.
\ i=t /

6pa

r,*r;
lZ' t".
I= t,
l(;, * =
Y:)v.l o),;llk.il
llt,r,
KC[t trot
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoerg Schauderoe lrirpoug Banach I 27

l, , ,1 ,, ,,11"
ll ,, ,,11, tl
rt
llf ,X,)"ill=ll,.llllt,t",y:ll=
lE'G,\"bik.l=ll,.ll ll,.llllo;(,)l=
ll,.ll"ll,ll
y t o r d O ez e Z , 6 . p a at

pardoe
neN,zez ,
"il'.llll'll
l(>'lL.)tt",l)Ol=
eTrop€v(Dq

porcdoe
n€N,
ll}",V.tc,ll.
"ll,.ll
K010,p([

. r ratllt(i":A')',Jll=
{,:(".)[, )ll "il".11
ll \ i=r
Al,Id J eivanroopopqlKq eprpfteuon Ko,rouurnfdg
n ( (n

)e,= r'l4Lr:V.)u,ll
/ , / \ \\

ZuiV.
i=l \ \i=r /)

rcat d,pu,
ll,ll,.
lI,iQ.),,11=
llr-'ll vrorc60e
neN.
lli=t ll " "ll,.ll
Ener8rln(",)1, etvurqpayp6vonl.rlprlg,undple
r xeX rirotex=i", (r.p,.mt
i=l

rov oprop6 tng J nporclnret J(x)(e))=2.(ei) yta rc60en=1,2,...rccr fruetor 6fl

@ / \

J(*)=Z"iV.F(",)=r.. 11-/ eivat eni,6.paX = Z*. Enforlg6yetuno-

Enop6vrog
i=l

6er10ei 6n rl {ri}:, eivo,r oupprrvofoa Baotrr1 aro}.ou0[o, 6r6n

'p(t(n,))=t@G)):y(x):2" (Av7. =$(t(e-))r6,e,. =t"iQ.)r(",)).

(iii) Enet8rl (e,)i, etvor oopprlcvorioo,0o etvat Z = X* Ko,r6"pu Z. = X** Ko,rr-

ner6r1n (r,)1, eivor gpoyp6va nl.r1pTlg,Tl oTrerr6vrorl J : X -+ Z* = X** efvCI,reni

rcore( opropori J(*)= t(r) yro rcdQex e X ,6"pa X outoaogr'1g.

2.17 llup66erypa. H ouvr'10rop6vr1

Fdon Schauder oroug lrbpoug !,p, ytu
| < p < +oo eivor oupprrcvorioo, nlnpng (0o to orco8ei(oupenoporcd,-
Kor <ppaypdvo

tco), ripo or liopor Lp etvut autofiaOefgyra I < p < +oo.

28 BAXEI' SCHAUDER'E XOPOYXBANACH

2.18 llorya6eilpcttr p6oeov.

l) H ouvrlOngFrionto.%o etvoroupprrvofoo alvL6.6yr<ppayp6vo
nlnpng.
prion ro.uLt eivatgpoypdvorl,r1pr.1g
2) H ouvr1Or1g ol"),d6p oupprrvofos.
3) H ouvrlOnqFrion rou (.p, | < p < +ooeivCI,r
ooppucvofocrct <ppoypwo
ruxrlpng.

2.19 B,6,aqSchaudertoo lrirpoD co.

r
O p i ( o u p e = 1 " = ( " , ) , . *e R N: 1 T " = 0 j = { @ , ) e R . Ny:r o r d 0 ee > 0 t o o 6 -
"o
vol"o {n e N:la, l> e} eivor renepo,op6vo},
6r'1},o611
to o6vo},otrrlv prl8wrrdrva-

rol.ouOrrbvzupo,lponriova,prOprirv
Ko,r llrllr=d*p{r"l:n eN} Tro rdOe xeco.

fvrrrpi(oupa 6fl o co eivouc6pog Banach. fro 'rdOe n =r,2,... 06roupe

en: (0,0,...,0,1,0...)
\
n - ood 06o11

T6te 11orcol"ouOio(e,)stvot Bdorl Schaudertou lrbpou cr. np6ypa:n,

(i) en *0 yur r60e n e N, an6 rov optop6 r(Dy en.

(ii) co =7p(",). 'Uorro x = (xn)n.o. co. frc rdOe r =1,2,...06roope =f,r,n, =

!*
i=1

(*r,*r,,...,x*,0,0,...).
T6rey*.tp(t,) *ot eivorllx-y.llo=suplx(n)-
y.(r\=

suplx(n)-y.("\= suplr(r) .-;-+0 (yu n > K eivo,t y.(n) =0). Ezer8rl

n>K

limx(n)=0 6nemn
u. t'p(yp(r))=fimsuplx(n)=0. Apa y*---ll-.]4.rKol

ouverurbg
* .$(t^) ror 6tor tp(r)= ro.

(iii)'Eorco
n < m Kor4,Lr,...,x^
.R . T6tellf,^-".11 = **1, *1,*=1,2,...,n\<
ll*=r llo

=r,2,...,*\
-u*{14l,* =ll2r""ll, oor 11oro}.oo0
ia (e,)eivor Schauder
Briorl
rou lrbpou co.

H (r,) eivot oupprrcvofooBriorl.flpdypotr, w6.pyetr1ozrerr6vrorz : 11-+"J pe

f(.Yo=t *,y,yur rdOe x e!) Kor y e c0. H Z eivor rol,d oprop6vl,6ql,c6r.l

n=l
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoatg Schauderoe yirpoug Banach I

f(x)eci po r60e x el.t, T ypapptrrl, T eni, Z toopetpig ror pdl.toto or etro-

,uoul.t , eivanto 8top0olrbvtoouvoptnooet6l'l (e,)

veg p6oro r1q T qq pd.gns(r,)

r'1Bdorl Schauder ("" )

r4g BdorlgroD c0 ror enop6vcog co eivor oupprrcvorioo.
"ou

n (r,) Dev eivor <ppayp6vonMpqg pdon, 6t61 ov rltov 0o 1npeneo te),eot4q

T:X -+ x va eivar eni.

'oprrlg
Tro rrlv orol.ouota (1,) r, ln
=1po rdge n --1,2,.-.

ll,llll,ll
eivar *plli4u.ll = *plll".ll = 1, ol.l.d 6ev undplet x e co irrote
n llr=l llo n llx=t llo

,:ir,r, =Lr,.
n--1 n=l

2.20 Ot,ldrpor [0, l< P < +6

^ | / . . \ =^ t - t t-=[Il",l'J
$ 1 . t. nr - 1 . - ^ . tlltllo
- - n ..,2,_,lr,l"{+.}rot [Tr- r'); ^T1o
' 1 drd'Oe
opi(oupe no=\r=\x,,t,.ru

13 p<+@.O I' p eivo,r 8r olr opiotpog'

x e ! . p . O !.pe tvo rl rb p o g B a n achpo
'Eotcoe, =(0,0,...,0,1,0...).
@aano8ei(oupe6:n$(e,)= I'p x =(x,)^^ e l'o'
"Eoun
) - oorrl o6orl

frcr r =1,2,...06toupe T6te y. .tp(r,) pa r60e

y*=f*,r,=(x1,x2,...,x,,0,0,...).
i=t

K =1,2r... Ko.r
1

- '(,)l')t= .(,)-'('\')n=
llr"- "ll"=[,!lr.{,)
(a, ( @,,\

[,itftl')n-o
..,,\; ,,,"\;

["itl
616rrov Lo,=a r6re io^*Lo,=d Karenet6rlZo,----*-+a 1neran6rt
n=l n=l n=K+l n=l

Apa /" --'l|--!|.-,'rKCL' * tT/',)

ouvezrrirg rat 6tot lo = tp(t')'
Lo,--.-'-0.
n=K+1

2.2lB6rr4Schauder too ldrPoo /t.

H orol.ou 1ia (e,) eivot rppoyp6vonlqpqg rcct 61r oopprrvo6oc B6oq Schauder

tou 26iopouLt . flp&ypun,

(i) e, *0 po r60e n e N.

Lp)'
(ii) sp(e,) = l' . (To ono8ei(ope lwtrd Yto roog l/ca,po.u4

( i i i ) ' E o r r on , m e N p e n 1 m r a n \ , L , . . . , 1 ^ e R ' . T 6 t e
30 BA>EIE SCHAUDER'E XOPOYXBANACH

: tv.t=
l[u,'ll, itr.t=l|;u,.ll,
H (e,)ervot qpoypel;o rf,rrpng, 6r6tr yro rriOe orol.ou0fo (1,) ps
ll".ll,@
suplllz"e.ll
(** , tnerat6tr supll{l. +*. T6te06toupe
, =i,4r, =(L,L,..)
-
n llx=l ffr n \
n x=t 7=t "

ror Z(x) =(U), d"paq T elvat en] H (r,) 6evefvCI,r

oupptrcvorioo,
Bdoq,6r6rt o
oo(oyr1qrd)pog rou (.t eivar o l.- , nol 6ev eivCI,r
6ro26rrlpiorpog
Kor ouvenrbg6ev
6ro06rarBdoqSchauder.

2.22Bd,oqSchaudertoo X6poo F , I < p < +@

H arol,ouOtu(e,) efvor rppoyp6vonxnpng*o,

Erppr*ofoo Briorl Schauderrou
lrbpool.Pyw | < p <+oo.flpdypcn,
(i) e, *0 ytc rd0e n =1,2,...

Ql sp(e,)= (o .
(iii) yw r60e n,meNpe n1m ru )r,1r,...,).,e R ropier:
I I
llo =(rn.
ll2^.".ll,
ll
r)n=ll.t
t')'=[rn.
(,.
u,"ll,
.-

Enop6vrrlg
11orol.ouOia (e,)eivor BriorlSchauder
tou /p.

@o crzro8ei(oupe
6"' 11 (r,) eivcr oopprrvofoo. rlpriypotr, o ou(rryr.1g
xd)pog

(|0)'eivatroopetprr6gp€ rov yclpoLq 6rrou1*l=r, 6q},c6r1onrl"pyetroope-

pq

r p i a e ni ,T :!q-+(1 ,). , l, - +f( x) e( lr l

" =(" ,)e
r(x):Lee R, av y = (y,) eF r6re r(.Yd =ir,y^
n=l
Ko,ror errc6veg
p6ocrlrqsT u1gBrioqg (r,)rou Lq, eivanto8ropOoydrvro ouvopu.l-
ooer8rl ei rns F6ong ro, (p ror enop6vrg n (r,) eivcr oopprrvofoo. Eiva,rrst
rppoyp6vorxrlpng, 6r6tr o,v (a,) eivut orol,oo0ia rro rnv onoto q orol,ouOia

=[It"l']t ,,uo,
<ppoyp6vq,
r6reZl",l' < +ooK0,12o,", avrlrer oro
ll}.",,,ll. i=l j=t

yoopol.P.
 KEOAAAIO 2. BdoerqSchauderoe lrirpougBanachI 31

(c[o,r],llll-)
2.2386.;\schaudertoo lcirpoo
'Onog 0o, a,no8eiloupg(@erirpqpa3.1), r60e 8w2grrrpiorpog Banach eivar
2grbpog
toopetptrd, to6poptpog pe 6vo un6lrrlpo rou C[O,t]. Eivar enop6vrogev6rog6pov

vo e(etdooulre
ov o 26rbpog pdor1.4o,rl= {/'[o,r]-+ R,/ouvexng]pe
c[o,r] 626er

plogarol.ou0iag
llfll= -*l f@1. Me .r1vll'll ountv, r'1ofyrcl.rorl ouvapolotov
0<x<l

rrrgTrpogq v6ppc ourrl eivur q opor6poprprloriyrcl,ror1.@e<oporitrre

tqv orcol"ou0io

tcov6ua6rrcrilvo1peirov,ou[o,t}(,,),'',0,',:,+,+,:,:,?.Z
t)")') '
2 ' 4 ' 4 ' 8 ' 8 ' 8 ' 8 1 6 '1 6 ' " "
tr1varol.oueio (f )".* , .4 : [0,1]-+ R.po,r60e n =1,2,...og e€q6
Opi(oupre

0 + + +rx
X26r1po
1
lfyor ax6 rcoExprbroog6poogrrlEd"aoorc1eSchauderfr,iortEroo Cl0,l).
32 BAXEI' SCHAUDER'E XOPOYI BANACH

f r ( t ) : t ' r c n f r ( t ) : t . f i a r c 6 0 en > 2 t o r t i ,t , ( , , ) = 0 c v j ( n , f , ( t , ) : l r o r n 4

eivor ypapprrcrloe rri0&rono6rd,otqpa,

rou [O,t] pe drpa an6 ro nparu n 6ua6rrd

6tt rd0e g e C[O,t] ypdqeror r,lg g =Lo,f,.

orlpeicr. @a o,zo6ei(oupe a, = g(O)
i=l

6r6n l(0) =0 Tro i > 1, 6ror g- dtft =Lo,.f, ror l(l) =0 cw i > 2, 6.panptna
i=2

a, = gQ)- g(1)-a,. Iuvef(oupe enoycoyrrcd

ro,t unol.oli(ouperoDq oo-
"rfr!)=
p, =ia,f,
vtel.eor6ga, = gQ,)-io,V,Q,)1. @6toupre ranano6errvfoDlre
ro e-
i=1

[r1g]"rtppo:
,i,
A{ppa. H { eivor zolulrovrrcrlouvdpolon rng onoiogor rcopurp6g
Bpiorcovruroto
Tpdqnporng gror 626ouv
retprltrr6vec,ranpttr'rd.
n 6ucr6rrd
orlpefot1,t2,...,t,.

An66erfi fippcltog. To ooprnfpooporop5et yra n =2,3,4 (B],6rueoyflStu2). 'E-

orco6tr \ P*, reN, rc>5 eivarzrol,ulcovrrrl
lpopprl pe ropug6gro npara rc
6ucr6rrc6
orlpeio,t1,t2,...,t*.Eivot oorp6g6tr urudp26ouv
pova8rroiguorroi aptOpoi

t n ,p 1 K +1 , i o o re t**t € (r^ ,rr),r, e( t,,to) r o i = r ,2,...,K,

f..r !) = O po r cr iOe
/ \ /
\ a r l.
x elt^,tp), f*u\t**r)=l rar T .f**, eivcrypc;rprrcr1 \
oto 8rootrlpora\t,,t**rJ rar
i/\

\r...,,,o). Apo \.rQ)= 1Q) Tro r6ge i =1,2,...,K Kor P**,(r".,)=

= P"(r*.,)*d**tf**t (t".,)= P-(t".,)*d**t * 1(t..r) rot d,poI P**reivarnoluyor-

vrrrl ypuptrrrlpe r +l ropo<p6q

ro oqpefa.tptr,...,t**t rcoro0vsTrd)g
ofpqrovo p€ rnv
p60o6o,11{ eivat no}"uyrovrrrlouvdptrlorlyro rd,Oe n e N .
enoycrlyrrcr'1

Pz=atfr+Gzfz
rr(o)=o,
P, (l) = al+ az
 .,/

KEOAAAIO 2. BdoergSchauderoe 26rirpouq

BanachI JJ

Pz=arfrrazfz+%ft
r,(o)= o, = Pr(0)

Pr(+)=or*92-*o,
P r ( 1 ) =a t + a 2 = P r ( l )

Po= crf, + azfz + asfz + aqfq

r.(o)=a,= rr(o)
P.(+)=or*%*9L*oo

ne)=o,*L* a,=P'(tr)
I=tot:t. ..P.(1)=at+a.2 = Pr(1)
tf,

}yfi1tu2

Ar6pl rolper P,Q.)= gQ.) yto rdOerc=!,2,..,.,n.flpdypart

1Q) =f,o,f,Q.)
* fo,f,Q).! i,o,f,Q.)*
i=l i=x+l
o.f.Q.)
i=l
rc-l rc-l x-l
:Za,f,Q.)*o*=Zo,f,Q)*sQ)-Zo,f,Q)=sQ) .
j=l

'Erot
\ (t,)= P.Q)= gQ) yrc r60e l<rc<n. Xuven6gor KopDq6gtrlg P, Fpi-

oKovrcr,roro ypriqrlpo rng g Ko1 61ouv rerprlp6veg ra nparo n 6uo6rrd orlpeia

tyrt2r...rtn.

Enerdrlro o6vo1.ot,,i =1,2,...\eivor rnrrv6 oto [O,t]*ot q g eivar opor6popgo

orTlv g .
nportntet 6n 1 P, ooyrl,iveropor6popgo,
ouve1r1g,

'Etot l l " l-Z",f,ll=

l.
61oupelimlls
-+€ll
u
I =Zo,f, .
0 ro,t ouvenrirg
i=t ll i=t

'Eotrrr
Aei(crpel,ora6v6tr pa rti0e g e C[O,t], g =io,f,. orr lrTtap3er
a,rco],ou0io
i=1

(P,), rirora g=t

npoyponrrirvo,pr0prirv pJt. T6re ik,- f,)f,=0, dpa

l,. Av t =o r6re
LQ, - p)f,Q\= o Tr0 rcdoe,..[0.,.!.1.1.1.1.1.2
" 2' 4' 4'8'8'8'8'
1 )

ib, - P,)f,(o)=o rot ener8rl

l(o)=0 pa i>2, ripo(a,-B)fr(O)=0,611)'o611
 BA'EI' SCHAUDERXE XOPOYXBANACH

( o r - F ) i t = O K o , dr r= f r . N t = l r 6 r t ,i ( r , - B ) t , Q ) = 0 r m e n e r 8lq0 ) = O

y t o "i > 3 , 0 o 6 1 o u p4eo , - f f i ( t ) * ( o r - f r ) r ( t ) = o rot dpo (or-flr)'t=o rl

az=fz. Av r =L r6'ei(r, - ilf,(i)= t,(+)= 0 Trai> 4, 0a

0 ro,tenerdrl

61oupe (o,-f,),4f+l
""'\2)
+(o,-p,lt,(1\+(o,-B,)r,[l)=o
' '" -\2) '', '\2) Kor dpo

("r-pr)-t=0 n at=fz.

Xuvef(ovtog pe tov i6to rp6nonporcrintet6rt a,= 0i \ra rti0e i =1,2,....Apa,u-

arol.ooOia(o,),.*, rbote r =io,f,

ndpyetpovo8rrcl rcot6tor 11orol.ouOto(II.*
i=l
,

eivar pdorl Schauderyro rov lrbpo C[0,1] rot fi6],to"o efvar pova6ta,io,611],o611

n =1,2,...
llf"ll=1 pc,rd,oe
v

0Tx
+ ++ I
X16r1pa
3
n
rrlg ouvdpqorlg P, =Zo,.f, eivot nol.fTovo pe n nLeop64,
To 1pd<p1po ro'Do-
j=l

Bpiorovtoroto ypd<pTlpo
notoo or ropu<p6q rng g Ko,t626ouv
tetprlpweqra npdru

n 8uo8rrdorlpeiot,t2,...,tn.

2.24 H a0pol(ooccl p&oq too co. Erov Xrbpo co, I arol.ou0io (t"), 6ruou
n
x, =Z€*, eivorp6or1Schauder.
r=l

Az66erfi.
xr=€t
xz= q+ e2
xg=€t+e2+e3

xn=4+e2+..,1€,
 Banach I
KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoetg Schauderoe 2grbpoug 3s

€l=x1
e2=x2-xl
rar dpu, e3= x3 - xz

en:xn-xn_7

'Eot<otrbpo
Eivor x,*0 yto rdOe n:1,2,..., an6 tov tp6ruooptopof tnq (x,).

( o ") . c o ,r6 rt (o ,)=i o .r. ,

rc=1

( o " ) = a 1 t + a 2 e 2+ a 3 %+ . . . i

(o,) : a{t + or(*, -tr)+ or(", - tr)+... rt

(o,)= (o, - orh, +(o, - ar)x, +(at - ao)xt+... Ko't ouvezrrbg ro = tp(*,). M6ver

Snlg6n
tcirpc vo ano8ei(ouperqv trrovo6trc6r1to, o,v Z7-** =Zlt*x* , r6r,e
':s
x=l x=l

A* = lt* po rcd0eK =!,2,...

t
@ro

f l p d l p a t t ,2 Q . . - p * ) * . = 0 n Lp.**=0 pe P*=i*-P* yra K=1,2,"',6pa

rc=l

ll,ll --;----++-0,
lli,.*.ll --=r-o n llb, * pz* ...* pn,pzr ...* pn,...;p,,0,0,...)llo apa
ll*=t llo

r+ ...+ p,l,...,lp,l}-r-r-o rot enop6vrrrq

*u*{p,+ ...+ p,l,lp
(l)
lgb'*Pz*...+p")=o
l^iybr*h*...+p")=o (2)

H m ( p , - t p +* . . . + p , ) = 0 (3)

An6 trp (l) zrpomnter6fl p,+lim (Pr+Pr+...+p,)=0 rctr pe B6oq qv (2) 0o

'Opoto
eivanp, + 0 = 0 , apa p, = 0. oz16qv (2) 626oupe:

pr*I*(p, + p o + . . . +p ^ ) = 0 K o r l r e B d o qc q v ( 3 ) e a t i v a np r * 0 : 0 , a p a p , = 0 .

Epla(6poore lrc tov i6ro rp6no KOt oopfiepofvoupe tel.trd 6n p*=0 Trtr r60e

l* = p* pa r60e K=I,2,.... H p6or1Schauder(t,) tou co ei-

K=1,2,...,6r11.a6r1

vot q oOpot(ouooBdorl tou co.

 BA>EIX SCHAUDER'E XOPOYXBANACH

@6toupe
2.25llotpdl6erypa. : undpler to enf (or ou6}.i-
"={(r,).R* lgt,
rov !.- rcordpo efvot 26rbpoq
voDo€g arol,ou0ieo. g. c eivor rl,erot6q un62gtopog
Banach.T6teq arol.ouOio(1,1,1,...)u, pdorlSchauder
,€27€3t...eivct c.
too 2grbpoo

'Eotor (", limxn = xe R e lim(x" -")= 0 rat

fur66erlq. ). c. T6te ondpler to n-+@ n-+@

6pa (x,- r) e c0 Kot enet8rl ( e" ) Btiorl rou c0 eivor

(r, -")= (r,- x,x2-x,...):ik" - *b, i

(",r,...):i(", -'"*b^ il
(x*xr,...)-
n=l

(",)= iG, - xp,.

"(1,1,1,...)+
i
2.26B6,arlHaar Trorov X6rpoLelD,ll,| 3 p < +oo.
rt
(ft,) otov rolo,tlroqe(r1g:hr|)=1t^*
opi(oupetrlv arcol.ouoio
l 0 a v r =lo't)
1

2n-2 -l<t -,
I ou .2n-l
2^ 2^
2 n - l -T<t.2L-t
h,Q)= -1crv
2^ 2^
0 ol"l.o6

opt0p6g tr,ore 2^-t < n 12^

6noo m <puorrc6g
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoeq Schauderoe lrbpoug Banach I JI

}yipa 4
Ot nprbtot 8 6pot tryEBd"orlEHaar ym rov Lol},ll, | 3 p < +oo.

xto op'lpu 4 goivetot raOo,pdTrogKorooreud(orp.roror 6por tr1garcol.oooiag(h,).

Ano8errcv6etor 6tr r'1 o,rol,ouOiu (h,) eivor p6or1 Schauder tou

lgcilpoo Lol},ll,
l< p <+a.

2.27 optop6g. 'Eotar x yapogBanachrot(e,) pa"n Schauderrott X. Mraa-

rol,ou0ia("") orov x,IrE xn+0 yro rd0e n=1,2,...,eivorblockB6oqtrlg (e")

ov unriplouv crol.oo}ia (),,) npoyponrcrilvoprOprirvro,r (m,) wnato o6{ouoo

orcol,ouOta (norexo-
qootrrirvoprOprilv, Y^.u. pc rdOe n =I,2,...
K=mn+l

2.28lIupdt6er1pc. Xtov l6cilpoco q o,rol.ouOia(x,) VE xn =€2,_t*€2n, n=1,2,...

efvarblock Briol qg (e,).

xr = €t * €z =[,1,0,0r...)
x2 = €3* €+ =(0,0,1,1,0,0,...)
x3 = €s * eiu =(0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,...)

2.29 @tdp4pa (James). 'Eotro x yapog Banach 6ore o xci)pog/r ep<putefetcr

roopopqrKdorov X . T6reyro rd0e e >0 undpler (t+s)-loopopqrKrl sprpfteuorl

roD (.1 orov x (6r1)'osr1un6.pyet roopop<prrr1epqfteooq s : (,t -+ x , o,ore

=t "o'lls-'ll
llsll <r+el.
38 BAEEII SCHAUDER'E XOPOY' BANACH

Ar66erfr1.'Eorco e>0 Kor T:l.t -+X 11toopopqrKqeptprireuorl

roo 1,1otov X.

frcrr60exe(t,06roupe Eivotsovep66rtl
lll'lll=llrft)1. etvorv6ppoorov
lll.lll
a
(.1.

Ezrer6rl
7 roolropqrKrl
ep<p6reuoq,
ondplouvmt,Mr)0 rbore}/,ll"ll,=llr(r)l=

<.,11'll,
eea =frtttt")l. *- L, M=+, ra'nporr-
octoups
+llr(')l=ll'll,
=tlll'lllpo,r60e
nterzllJxlll.ll'll, xe(',6r11.a6r1
orv6ppes
ll ll,rarlllllleivorroo-
66vopeq.fra n =1,2,...06roope

n, = b. z" lll"lll
= LP"(r)=0 rcor{r. x : e)(x)* 0}ae'epoop6vo
}
6nol \ rn e) eivor or npopol,6gKo,rro 6ropOpyrbvro
oDvc,prrlooet6q,
nou ovn-

otorlofv orqv povo8taiopdorl (e,) tou (,1 ran,a"= sup{lxllr:x e ,a,1.

Kd0e xeAn efvornlg popqng *: i)"*rr, p6 (2") crko].oo0[o?rpoTlroflKrbv

a-

prOprbv. Eivot A,*te A, yturde, ;=1,2,... 6r6t1 ov .r €An*t r6re \*r(r)=0,

@

apa x : Z1*"* rcot6pa 16)=0, ouvencbq

x e A,.
K=n+2

'C)ore
A, = A,1...l \> Lr>... KaLm< 1, < M po r60e
An )_..., enotrr6voq

n =1,2,.,..

6pro.Eorro lim),o = )
H orol.ou0ta (),,) eivorgOivouoaKorqpoypfvrl, dpo 626er

6novm<t<M.

m A 7 1^ )"(l+e)tt2 )., L, I, M
(l + e)t/2

Apo re},rrcd 6l,or or 6por qS orol,ou0tag Q) ppiorowcl oro 6t6otr1po

I .'\ / \r
(,t,,t[ + u), ), dpo undp2get
8eirtrlg no 6tcre l,o . hQ+e)i. An6 tov optop6 ran An

ran )", nporfnrer 6tt pe enclcoprrl 6to6trcooio, pnopofpe vo Koroorceudooupe

(r, ), n onoioeivotblockpdorlrqg (r, ), rbotelllr"lll= r,llr,ll,,

orol.ooOio ;! u
( 1+e) z
r o t { o ( t,)= 0 p a rd Qen =I,2 ,...
 KEOAAAIO 2. BdoergSchauderoe 26rirpouq
BanachI 39

flpdypon, ezcrl.6youpe xreAno rbote ll",ll,t ,J= (undpler t6roro xl 6r6n

(l + e;z
. frrrr t d -xut
2"0=sup{lxll,:xeA,o} an6 rov optop6 roD sup). Enet8rl ro ofvo},o

{..ro:e)(x) *o} e[vcrrenepootrr6vo,

und,pletnt]no o,oree)(",)=0 po r60e

nt) r\. Eruer6r1

flt ) fro 6neto,tAn,e A,o. Emlt6youpex, e An, (&po,ror x, e 4,0)

,rx)"
rbore llrrll,t;- rc,r ooveli(oupeeao,yroyrrcd.
( l + e ,"; z
'Eotro
n eN rot 4,...,1oeR. H ouvriptrloq1^,X-+X xivarypotrrprrrl,
dpo
(n \ n
P ,- r l I 1 . * . l = } L * P , o ( r " ) = 0 , 6 r 6 r t x * € A , o y r o r 6 0 e K = 1 , 2 , . . E
. . z r e r 8rr lo , K o -
\r=r ) x=r
;i.
n
2t.i
l.ouOia(x,) eivorblock Briorltrlg (r,) ror e 4o,626oupe
fu
lllIr','.lll
lll*=t lll

=
Ir"lll,,l[u".l| =
*7^r.ll,.ll,
*@1v.1,
=*itul=*l|;^.".11,
=*iDdDrF.l
Eaioqq 61oupe:

= :lr"tl1,.tll
Iiltr.".lll
llftr"-lll =itr.t
=l||u""ll,
'Clote

".ll,=lll.r='
#llz^. r"'"
lll=ll.i"
ll,n.
r.,.
=l|;u'G.
*ll1^..ll, )ll=l|[u,"
ll, (l)

yro rcdOen e N, 6noo (e,) 11oovrl0rop6vqBriorltou /t.

Opi(oupe trbpo S : [t -+ X ctlge(r1g:Av x e l.t r6rc lnilpyer a,rco],ouOio

TrpoTlrort-

^s(x)=tfir,r,l =il,r(*,).ro-
()",)rirote*=i).,r,. @6roups
rrbvoprop,rov
n=l \z=l ) n=l

6tr , l-ilrll, = rllsft)l<

re an6(l) rupomnter l llxll,rto rcd0e
x e lt ranqS eivorroo-
1+t" "'
 BATEI' SCHAUDER>E XOPOY' BANACH

propqlrur
spqi)reDon
llsft)l<ll'll, ,apallslltt, lltll,=(1*")llsk)l
r'or60ex e!,1
po rdoex e (.1, < r+".
aoolls*-'ll

2.30 flapctrfp4otl. too James KOt ]rtg eploota tou

An6 to avrrrt6pro0erbpr'1po

Milman ll2f, npohcDvsro nepi<pr1ponp6p)"qponopop6ptpcDonq (distortion prob-

aut6 X60qrcetel"tr6 ro 1994

lem) yra touq rilpoDq Ip, !<p <+co. To np6B),r1po

on6 rouq E. Odell rot Th. Schlumprecht.[15].

'Ezretor 6tt to ovd,l,o1otoD 0eropr'lpotogJames Yw rooq
on6 out6 to azrot6X,eopo,,

l6tirpooqlo, | < p < +@ 6ev roPret.

^;
2.31 Oprcp6g.'Eotro X,Y yo,porBanach (f)(y,) B6oerqSchauderotov X
"m
ou lro rcdoeorol.ouoiu ( a" )
rot y ovtiotorlo. Or (x" ) ror (y, ) eivor tooQfvatr^teg,
'@

'prgprilv, q oeipd io^*,

TrpoTpctrtKrbv o,yrl'fvet ov Kot p6vo ov 11oerpd Zo,y,
n=\ n=l

ouyrcl.ivet.Anl,o6n o, (", ) tcot (y, ) eivot too66vopeq av

) ;i o,*,*r*r'tu"}={t,,' 2o,r,our*r'ine'}'
{t',

2.32llptrocq.'Eotro X,Y yapotBanachrcor(x"Xy,) BdoetgSchauderotov X

rcarI avdotorlo. T6te to e(r1qeivorroo66vo'pa'

lpopprrc6gloopopqtop6gT"X +Y,
(l) Yn6p26et pe T(*^)=y, Tto r60e

n =I,2r..,,

(2) Or (x") rot (y") eivortoo8rivopeq.

Ar66er(q. (l)>(2). fra rd0e orol.ou0i* (a,) eivu,t T(f"-t.)=

\x=l )

(n \
=fo.r!-)=io.r- 6. io.*.
. H oerp oo6l.lvete q oro]'ouOaI lo.t. I
rc=l \x=l )
K=l K=l

(n @
(n \ - \

oulrl.ivet o rl to*r*l
- -)
o [2o.r* ] oo6]'ive1e rl oetpd1,,o,!,
ou1rcl.ivet
\; \.=r ) "=l

ouyrl.tver.
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoerg Schaudero'elrbpouq Banach I 41

( 2 ) = 1 . ' E o r cTo: x - + { p e r ( x ) = r [ t o , " " J = i o , r , e Y ytarcdO

x eex . H
\ n=t ,/ n=r

'Eotro
anerr6vrorl T eivot rol.d opropdvq 1.61rrltrlg (2) rcor efvot lpapptrrl.
("^,r(t^)) o,rcol.ouOiorou ypogrlpoto g G(T): (x,Z(x)) : x e X\ = X xY Fre

("^,r(t^))-- ^-*-+G,y). X xY. T6te z^--i-ilz Kar T("^)--;=;-+y . Eg' 6-

oov z*eX, zeX u n d p l o u v 7 . , n € R , 4 . R , n = 1 , 2 , . . .r i r o r e, ^ = i l ^ , x n yra

m=1,2,... Kar z=2^,r^. An6 trlv ouv626ero,

rov 6rop0o1rbvlov
oovoptrlooer8cirv

xi: X -) R, tneran 6rt iQ) ,.apa l^,n--i;i)ln

^-;-+x)(t), ,i, T1o rcdOe

n = 1 , 2 , . . .E v n e R , n = l , 2 , . . . , c i r oyt=eL p , y ,
. < p ' 6 o oyv e Y , w 6 . p y o D p r c odt p o
i
@@

21..,y,- --* +I pnyn KaLon6 tt1 ouv61etu,rrrrv6ropOoyrilvrrrlv

oDvoprlooer8d)v
n=l n=l

(a \ /* \

yitY )R, 6u y)lLl-,,y,1 ^-yll}p,y,l,,ipo

lneran 1^,,--;;;)Fn
\n=l ./ \,=1 )

ror on6 tr1 povo8rr6trlta tou opiou 0c, eivot l,= p, po rcd0en=1,2,.... Enop6-
@@

vog I l..n/n;;-+> ),y,,6r1)"u6^(l

f(t.)--;;;-f(z). o lrirpogY ti-
Eruedr1
n=7 n=1

var Hausdorff,0o eivaty=r(t).Apo Q,y)=(t,r(")).G(r). to ypti-

Enop6vcoq
qnpo too 7 eivot rl.etot6 unoofvol,orou X xY, rat d,po,
on6 0erilprlparl.etotof
ypa<prlpotog,
o rel.eorrlg T 0o eivat ooveplg. O 7 etvor 1-1, 6r6n av xeX o

x=lanxn, Itt r(x):o r6re Zony^=0 rcor l,6yro trrovc8rr6tltoq0o eivor

n=l

' Eotr oyeY,r 6r e

a,:0 p cr rd Oen =1 ,2 ,...ro rd po r :0. O Z eivatr cq,r
er r i.

y =io,y, ror 6po an6 uzr60eonKol 11oetpd io,r, 0o oulrcl.ivet.@6toutrre

n=1 n=l

3 , ^/ \ .
'Oore
T:X -+I l-1, tni rot sropsvrrrg
x= Lanxn, oTrotef(x)=y. ouve26r1g,
n=l

Z-r ;Y -+ X 0a etvor ooveplq rcr apa T v

otr6 0erirprlpaavorrtrlg onerrc6vtorlq,
oopop<ptotrr6g.
42 BAXEI: SCHAUDER'E XOPOYXBANACH

Ilcpct{pr1orl. Av or poorr6q aro},ouOieg (r" ) ror (y, ) eivat too66vopeg, r6te ot

lrirpot tp(*") *ot tp(y^) eivar ro6pop<pot.

2.33 llap66erypa. Av X=1.1 Ko,r Y=1.2, r6re or Bdoerg (x,) ror (y,) lre

xo=ln=en) neN 6ev eivat roo8rivcpeq,o<pof11oerpri tL"^ ouyrl,[vet orov

n=l fl

f ev6 6sv ouyrl.iverorov {1. flpdypon,eiv't fL",=(r,1,I,...). enerorl

n=tn" \'2'3')

r+l+!*...:*o, o ' r c o(rre, | , \ , . . . ) *t '

2 3 \ 23 , ii, z-
('r r \
I t . : . 1 . . . .I e ! 2.
\'2'3' ) ,

2.34llp6tcrcq.'Eorro X,Y yapor Banach rar Z:X -+ I toopoptprop6geni. Av

(e,) eivar Bdorl Schaudertou X , r6re @(""\) eivm B6o11Schauderrou Y .

Aa66erfq. Av yeY, 16rl w6.pyet xeX tl,ore y=f(*).Yn6.pyet orco)"ouOio,

aprOpriln(o,), {i)otr * =io,r,.Apo

TrpoTlroflKrilv
n=1

y: r(*)=r(L".""=z(m mr o.".) -
(".)
!1sf,o.r
) L"n.)= [;
=la,T(e,).
n=l

'C)otepu,
rcdOey eY eivary =io,T(",). M6vetva oruo6ei(oDpe
rrlv pova6rr6q-
n=l

(o"). Aprei va 6ei(oupe6n ov ia,f(",)=0,

ro rl1go,rol,ouOiog t6te c,,=0 yra
n=1

r c d 0 en = 1 ,2 ,....
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoeq Schauderoe lrbpouqBanachI 43

@ ( -
. \

flpd,ytrrc,tt,
la,T(e,)=0 t6te Tlla,e,l=0 *o, e<p'6oov
T eivatl-l,6netot
n=l \ n=l )
a
= 0 rut efiop6voq d, =0 Tlo KdO€ fl=1,2,....
Lonun
n=l

(a \ - \

An6 qv ro6rnrCI,
rlfa,e,l=la,r(e,), rporctnrsr
6tt $(r(r,))= z("7G,))*o,
\ n=l ,l n=l

6ror av Dfioe6ooDpe6n (e,) etvor Boorrrl o,Kol,ooetoroo X ,r6re f(",) eivot po-

orKq o,Ko],oD0icroD Y.

2.35 llp6ta6rl.'Eorcrl X yapoq Banach pe p6or1Schauder(e") ror K 11oro0epd

qg Frioqq. T6te K eivCI,t o elliporog r;iqyponr6g opr0p6g M , rirote

ll"llll.ll@
llZo.".ll< MllZo.e-ll po rd,Oe )4" e* e X KaLn e N' rot ouvenrirqo el.d26rotog
llr=l ll ll"=t ll r=l r
ll,llll.ll'
npoypo,rrK6gapr0p6g M , ul,crelllo.u"ll < Mllla.e"ll yto r&0e n,m e N, n ( la
ll*=r ll ll"=r ll
K0,t al ,...rd^ eR^,

An66er(q. Eivo,rdpeoqon6 rov oprop6qg oro0ep6"q

K.

K=sup1p"ll=,,n{*nW,".,,
=."r{]]!.4
to+ x\{o},,
,to*,*e . -}
' llE
".".11." I
2.36llp0tacq. Kd0e block Bootrrl arol.ouOiaprog Bootrrlqoro)',ouOiag
oe 6vc
Irbpo Banach,eivor poorrcrlo,rol,ouOiarcr 61etotoOepd,trnrp6reprln ioq un6 u1v
oroOepdtrlg Boorrrlgorol,ou0io,g.

Ar66er(q.'Eorro (x, ) Utoct poorrrl arol.ou0ioqg Bcotrrlgorol,oo0iag (e,). fO-

rt xn *0 yra r60e n=1,2,..., on6 tt'1povaSrr6tlro rqg 6rrppoorlgrrov oror26eirov

_/ \ ._ , \ 11.,. ll llsr. ll
rou sp(e").'Eotrrr
K 11ora0epdyraqv
(e,). tOrellZo,r,ll<flllo"a,llporcri-
ll,=r ll ll,=r ll
0e mr,ffi2 € N pe rn, 3 m, ran a17...ta^"e R . To i6ro ropler ov ovnKorooclooupe
44 BA'ED SCHAUDER>E XOPOYEBANACH

'Etot
ra en VE ra xn. r'1(x,) eivot Bootrr1 ro,r on6 flp6toorl 2.35 6yet otoOepd

<K. d
Bdorl rou ytlrpolu(.p. Av (x,) eivot [.tovo-
2.37 llplrcroq.'Eorcrr (r,) n oovr1Or1g

6roia block oro),ou0io tqg (e, ) , r6re n ("" ) eivor roo66vopn ps ttlv (e, ) .

Aa66er$q.'Eotrrr*, = fo,"i , fl =!,2,... ran ffit 1ffi2<....'Eotro i.1,*,. tp(t,).

i=mn+l n=l

loTt

y",",ll
=llir,
llir.".ll =
=lliio.o,,,tl
llr=t llp ll"=l i=mn+t llo lln=t i=nn+t llp

=fiTr^.",r'f'=[i[r
ln=l
fb,rl'
i=mn+l
. I Ln=l i=mn+l I

=[ir"r1'
=[in"r11""il']' =l[u,;ll"
'C)ore

ll-llll-ll
llIl,'"ll =llll,u,ll . (1)
lln=t llp lln=l llp

A@

Apa f),en € lo el)',*^. tp(*,), 6po (x,), (e,) eivottoo8rivopeq.

n=l n=l

@6toope T: !.P- tp6,)

(o \ o

rll)",e,l=Zl,*,
\;./;l

ror 1,6yroqg (l) 11Z eivot roopetpia.

2.38A{ppcr.'EorroX,Y,Z 26cilpor rcorZ:X + I, S:Y -+Z tppclpevot

pev6ptrro,

ypcrpprroitel.eot6g. T6te q oriv0eorlSoZ: X -+Z eivor <ppo1lrwog

ypopptr6g

rarlls.zll<llsllllrll.
rel.eotrls

re].eotrlgrcorroger ll(S.fXt)l =
An60er[q. H ouvdpc.lol S oZ eivarypopprrc6g

=lls(rft))l= x eX. Apo,soz eivat<ppovp6voq

1torc60e
llsllllrllll"ll
llsllllrft)l=
ypcppm6q ro. lls" rll < llsllllrll.
tel.eotrlq
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoerq Schauderoe 26rilpouq
Banach | 4s

@o 26petootoripe
tr1v orc6l.ou0r1
np6taor1.

a
2.39 llpiltccrl.'Eotro X Xd)poqBanach, f eL(X,X) (f r X -+X rppo,yp6vo6

ypopptx6g tel.eotr]g),rbote ll1-Zll = €' 6nou 0 <e <l rar I : X + X eivato roo-

T6re o Z eivar ypopptr6q roopopqlop6g eruirou X .

rottr6g te).eorr'1g.

rro,rdoexex ropierll'-r(")l=llr-zllll"ll,
Ar66erfq. 6pallx-rft)l.ell"ll.'E-
?(oDp6

llrk)l- ll"ll=ll'- r(')l="ll"llq llrft)l<(t+e)l"ll

ll"ll- =ll"- r(')l<"ll'll'i tl -')l'll=llrft)l

llr(")l
(t-")lrll<llr(r)l<(t+e)lxll Koroovrntl,s
Apo yro rdOex ex, wybe-r o T eivor
roopopqlKrl eprpr5teuoq.@o,ono6e[(oupe 6fl o T eivar efii. fro rd,0e n=1,2,...

06toopeSn:I +(/-r)*...*Q -r)' 6nou(t -r)' =(I -r)"....(t -r) @ qo-

p6s).
Eivor (t-r)" ef,(X,X) crrgofv0eorl teleotrbv Ko,r S,eL(X,X) rog 60porcpo

tel"eorrilv.

(S,) etvor poorrrl arol.ou0io oto gbpo (C(X,X)ll

Iolpprop6g 1. H o,rcol,ouOia, ll).

[Ilpdypotr, Tra n < m, wybet

-s.ll=ll(r-r)'.'
lls. ll= ill0-r)[ =
+...+(r-rf
-- -o ' +t-'^::-':''^.'
$^*-^n,
'Lo
x=n+r l-e l-e

rot ener8rl0 < e < l, eivcr :0 rot 11arol,ooOio(S") eivarpoorrrl].

}gu"
'
An6 tov ro26uprop6I ror ener8rlo 26rbpog
f(X,X) eivor lrbpog Banach,unapyet

S e L(x,x) <i,o"es, -ll-ll-+s

Ionlprcp6g 2. S oT = T oS = 1
 BAXEI' SCHAUDERIE XOPOY' BANACH

[Ipd,ypoa, eq'6oov lim S, = $, 0,pKer v0, ono6ei(oupe

lim(S, " T) = lim(r os, I= 1 .

@4,ono8ei(oupe enoycoyrrd6n S" oT = I -A -T)"*t yw rcdQen e N.

o lro n =1, S, oT = I -(t -f)'

flpdytrrcrtr,Sr o Z = (/+ (f -f)). T = T+ (1 - T)" T =

: T + T - 7 2 : r - Q - 2 7+ T ' ) = t - Q - r ) '

o Yno0froutrre6n tolper yLan= r €N, ^S'o T = I -(t -r).*t

Eivar

S"*ro Z = (^S.* (t -r)..t)., =S* o Z +(I oT =

4).*t
= t -(r -T).u + (l -Z)".' oT = r.-(t -r).:' "(t -r)= t -(I -T)**'
'Eror t
11ro6olta tolper KolTlo n = K + 1 rc,r ouveniogyro rc60etpuorr6 opr0p6 n.
'Enerar
6tr

lls,"r - 4l=ll(r
- r)'.'ll=1g- r)"... "'lp- zll'*'
"(r- r)l^o't =,'*'.
'C)ote -41<6'*t Korezrer6rl
llS,.f 0<e<I eivotlime'*r= 0, dpo li111(S,
"T)= I .

Avd,l.oyos,no8erKvfercr6rt trp(f o S" ) = 1].

An6 rov to26uptop62 nporclnret 6tt o tel"eorrlg T eiyat eni. flpdlpon uy x e X

t6te S(x)e x ror r(sft) = (7 oS[x): -r.

2.40 @edrpqpc.'EotroX yapogBanachror (r,) Be"q Schauderrou X ps oro-

O e p dK >0 , d ro te0 <M =i n f{l ""ll,r =1,2,...) .Av ( x") or o} .ooOio

otov X, pe

3,,rM
Zlln"-*^ll.#,ZI\ r6re n (",) eivarpdoq Schauderrou .X too8rivopqpe ntv
n=l

(r, ) . 1ev 11 (e") etvarSchauderBoorrrl orol.ouOlor6te rcorn ("" ) eivar Schauder

poorrrl arcol.ou0ia
roo66voprlr1g (e,)).

'Eotrrr (,1,
Azt66er(q. ) orol,oo0ic npoypcnr<6v aprOprilv,r6toto drote onapyer
@@

x e X pr x = 2A,",. @oono6ei(oupe6tt rcarq oerpd 21,r, ooyrcl,iver.IIp<b-

n=l n=\
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoeq Schauderoe lrbpoug Banach | 47

ra 0o,cno8ei(oupe6", 11oerpd,tl,G,-e,) ouyrl.iverror ener8rlo 2grilpog

x ei-
n=1

vat Banach, oprei vo a#o8ei(oupe 6,, ouyrl.fver cDgTrpogqv v6ppc. Eivot

lllt,(*,- ",\l=2l^,1
ll",_",y=flu;1*)
1",_,,ll=i ll,;llk11,,_",'1.
- @

A),},d 61oupe ozroEei(er(Ilp6toorl 2.10), 6tr Ko,r dpo

ll":11=5
ll', ll

rcor
tll^,{*,-n,)l<iffitt"tttt",-",11
n=t n=tllenll'
M=inr{lle,ll,n=r,2,...1,
enerarl 0oeivar
-".\l=tffWil".- = i ll".-,.ll"":',
tll^,(", ".ll#ll'll #il.il# =lpll
<+_
Apo n oerpd ouyrl,iverrcarr,p,o*?'i,ouyrcl.iver
KCI,lTl
oerp6t^,",,
|^,Q,-e,)
n=t
i=t

r6re 0o ouyrl.iverror q oerpd i^,*, *o, pai,rorselvCI,t;

n=l

=Z^'"^
\4.
Z^'*' -",)'
**>,^,(",g @

'c)ore
pa rcdOex e x pr x = t^,",, q oerpd i^,*, ouTrc}uiver
rar dpo pnopor5-
n=l n=1

p€ vo opiooupeu1ve(r1gcnerr6vtorlT : X -+ X pe ,(Fr^,",)=: l,x, .

H Z etvotypoppucnouvdptrloqKorTlc,* =i1,", e X wy6xt:

n=l

ll*.ll
ll"-r(')l=lln=r -,n)1. rmdpa _rX4l< on6te rll<r .
llll, (u, ll ll"ll
" " ll(r llxll llr_
xuvenrilgan6 tqv np6roorl 2.39, o T eivatypo,pprr6qloolropgro p6g eniror (r,
11 )
efvor Briorl Schauderrat pril.rota roo66voprl pe qv (e,
).

2.4lrrp6tncq.'Eotro x yapogBanach rat (e,) Be"q schauder rou x. Av o r

efvot oaetpo8rdotctog ypapprrc6gun6lopog roo x r6re wi"pyerypotrrprr6g
, un6-
x.opog w ro, r, o onoioq 6yetpriorl Schauderroo8rivopr pe pia block
B6o11qg
(",).

Az60e(q. AnodetKvdoupenprbto rov e(r1groppropr6:

48 BAXEI> SCHAUDERXE XOPOY' BANACH

Ioloprop6g. ftorc60e n eN undpxoovyeI llyll=l rorarol.oo0ianpc,Tpo-

tr^te

(7,), ol6re! = i).*"* .

trrrbv cprOtr^rdlv
r=n+l

qv zrpopo^i1l Y .
[Eorro n e N. @eropofpe

Ar 1 ? "a 6 rl P ,:Y -+ ,p (" r,e 2 ,...,en) !r € P,( > ^- ".\= f.) .". .
\r=t ) x=l

H 1l Y 6ev eivor 1- l, 6t6c av eivat 1- 1 t6te o y 0o epqutefetcr otov

/\ y
sple1er,...,€n), fipaypa u,To7[o 6r6n o eivot onerpo8tdotorog evd) o

sp(e,er,...,e,) 6yer Dtdotootl n e N . Apo I llY 6ev eivot 1-1, ,ipa

k e r { t r + {O} u ndplet
ro r e zro p 6 vro g yeY pe llyll=l r o1 P^( y) =0 r cotdpo
^i,
g.
y = LL.e* pr l(,1.)
q
rov
cptOprbv].Xpr'1o'ttrronot6vrag
arcol"oo0ioTrpoTporlKiov
K=n+l
t

tol6uprop60o rctooreudooope enoycoyxd,pro,orol,ou0ia otov Y , too66voprl pe

'Eotco y, =l)"*e* eY ps
@

pio block Fdoq rng G). lly,ll=t. Ener8rl

ll^, . ll 1
f^."---,-.-i ).*e*,
^ ^ Eneran mteN 6ote lli^.".-f^.".11.]
6n onupyer -rc=t
rc=t '=r ll"d ll 4K

Korov 06ooupe*, =f )..u- 61oupellr, - y, il. 6ruouK 11oto0epdtng Fdong

r=l #,

tx=ffit61oope6uonapyeL
(e,). nnorovloxDprop6yro lz= tu.". pe llyrll=r.
rc=ml+l

rra e=+>0 j-
4'K
oetrrrls
urudpler nz)ffit.*,
' ll ion.ll. +- K *o,
f u.".- rcnr+l
ll.--^u ll
m2-r,,
I
06roopex, = Zry*"* ror nporcrimet
llxr-yrll.EV Xove26i(ovtog
enoycoprd,
rc=mt+l

pto block p6oq (x,) x\9 (e,) rcor6pa (Ilp6taor12.36) n (x")

ro,ro,orceud,(oope

orol.ouOioKor plo arol.ouOio (y, ) otou Y , €rot rirotevcr

eivar SchauderBoorrcr'1

rollretllr,- y,l.# *o, r -f

ytor60en =1,2,... . ilt,llytar60en =r,2,....

t
Eruotrr6vrrrq t " t t - L 4 n K =fif+)' =++=+.
ill'"-v-ll<i Apo,
an6ro@ecir-
n=t x?lq) Kl-+ 3K'

oxol,ou0iotoo66vapqpe
pry.c2.40 nporfnrer 6nq (y,) eivor SchauderBootrcr'1
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoerg Schauderoe ybpoug Banach I 49

rrp block crrol.ou0ta(x,) qg (u,). @6toupeW:sp(y,)-'f ror n (y,) eivatpri-

or'1Schauder roo W . {
2.42llfiptopol Kd0e cruerpo8tdororog 6to26ropiottrrog Banach X , neptfyet
26<bpog
ps p6oq Schauder.
6vo un626olpo

fut66erfq. Ezer8rl X6tolropiolpoq )C6pogBanach, o X ep<putefetartoopetptrd

orov C[0,1]. O q0,1] 6ro06rerBrio'r'1
Schauder ror e<p'6oov o X eivor onetpo8tri-

W roo X, o onoioc"6yetB6o11Schaudertoo66votlTllrt
oxorog, Dfiapyetun626copog

pra block f,ion o16 B6oqq (4)rou C[0,1].

'Eotro
2.43llp6rcroq. X yapoqBanach
*o, (r,lffidor1 Schauderrou X . X (e))

eivor q orol,ouOio trrrv 8ropOoyrirvrcov *o, (t,)o*o}.oo0ia otov

oDvcrp{tTlooet8rbv

X 6rarcbote lgge,6)=0 Tto r&}t, n=1,2,...,ol.l.d n (r,) a* ouyrl.iveroto

rrlq (t,) n o-
pr166voq Trpoqrqv v6ppa-tonol.ofc, r6re rn6.pyeruruoo,rol.ou0io

noio eivarSchauderpoorrrl ror roo66votlTl

tls pto block Briorltrlq (e,).

'EotcrrK1,,1
Ar66er(q. Yno06toupenparuOtt llr,ll=t yto r60t n=1,2,.... n oto,-

n =1,2,...,
0epdqq F6ong(",) *o, tarll q,-1. Enet8rllige"(x,)=0 Tto rcd,0e

opr0p66
ond.pyetsuorr6q m,aorellt("t = l)r,ll. Kl.).2-o
' t',, l)+ll il(r;r',,
ll,=t ll "'

Ezcedr1x., =2G:(*^)),., rn6"pyer <puorr66 opr0p6g Qz rilote Qz> Qr Kot

< 2-o
Ka:.)
ll;,t,,,',,,)".11
T6te undpytt tpuotr6g opr0p6g ffi2, t6totog rbote m2 ) f f i t

lls" , ll
llt(";@^)b^ll<K1,,1.2a Kor evos guotr6g cpt0p6gQs, rirore 4s > qlz Kot
ll,=tll

ll*ll
I (,; Ka:.).2-'
' @.))'.ll<
llllz=q3+r .
ll
 50 BAXEI' SCHAUDERXE XOPOYXBANACH

xuvef(oupe ps rov i6ro rp6no Kol eTro,Toyrrd

rarooreud(oupe6rio o6(ouoego-
rol'oo0ieg<puorrrirv
apr$prirv(^,) *o, (0,) ,cror"g riloreyro rri0e guorr6
opr0p6
j,

llq'
.\ ll .2-(i+3) il . / \ rl
il>k;@,)),,11. Kol KG,.).2-(i+3\.
ll,=l'
''
l l ";:,
\ent lll l nI= q i *V,(*,)!,11.
1+t ll

fio rcd,0e
poorr6 apr0p67 06toupe,, =
, ,6r"yro r60e j inerat
,'=*.r(rj@^)1,

,=ll*
=ll*G:
^,il @ ll=llIr"r
^,,)'. r).ll*k,il.ll,t .,G;
r"., .ll
{*^,,}.
* Kd,t.
" l|qll 2-u*z). +2-'.
ll,,ll
nr" llr,ll, ror opo(r,) etvorbtockBoorrc4
orol.oiroia
irO ,r, (r,). H otooepri
rng (?,), *r",r s KG,)(Ilp6roor12.36)ror enop6vrog

_,^,ll=
tll",ll'
lF, _.^,ll=
.ZIF, r;fl;(":o^,tb.l*lh.
Q:a l|).
^,),.
. ztri',, . 2-u*21= I
=t
i
--l- = 2 KG , ) 2K(,,)
Apa, an6 ro @ecirpqpa
2.40 npor6nter6n 11(x^,) eivor
Baorrrlorcol,ougio
roo66_
volrn lre rot 6corq cn65er(r1rel.ercirver
"r\u Q) e6ril,orqv sr8rrrl nepfrrroo4nou
etvot ffx,ll=t yto r&Ie' n =1,2,.... xt4v yevrrcrl
nepinraorlpzroporipe
vo uzuo06oou-
pe 6tt irfll",ll>0. T6reyto rcri0equorrc6opt0p6n =1,2,...61oupe

. ill=t*ril".il')imsupl"j(".)
r'-'upl"j(l",ll-' =o
rcatdpc

,ry":(F.il-',^)= o yrorcrioen =1,2,...

.
4'6 rqv er8rrcrlnepinrrooqno' ava'.ni(openporlyouprivrog,
rrinoro uzoorol,ouoia
h ll-r'*^, \ /,, ,,-r
'x,)\
(ll".,ll rtls lllx"ll ujvat pro Boorr4 orol,ouOio,,
) too6fvopl }re rdzrorc,
 KEOAAAIO 2. BdoerqSchauderoe lropougBanachI 5l

roo-
block poorrrl orcol.ou0io(t,) t\s (r,).'Erot (.r,,) eivor Baorrcrloro?,.ou0iu

66vupr1pt rqv block B61111orcol.ouOio

(1t,,llt, ) (",) '
"nt

**, (r,) Bdor4Schauderrou X

2.44 Optop6g.'EotrrrX yapoc,Banach n (r,)

(unconditionalbasis)crvTto rcd0ex =i4r,

l.6yetorB6oqyrrpigTrrproprop6 . X,
n=l

11oerpdLr,l,r,ouyrl.iver otov Xpo r60e e = (",) e{-l,l}N.

n=1

2.45 Optapoi rcr flapatqprfioerg. H pe]"6tr1t<9;.XrbOrovBanach X or oaotor 6-

IoDv unconditional Fdon (t,) yivetor, 6ncrlg orrlv,nepizrtroorl rcDv Bdoerrlv

frilpoo Banach U rot ptog loopopqt-

Schauder,pt rnv rotooreuq ev6g ouva<poriq
rcqgep<pfteDoTlgT;X -+ U .
(. (|,. ll ..1 I
o6toupe u = ) , ( 1 , ) e R:os u p l l l l e " 2 . e: n l 1 , 2 , .K. .o l8 r , . . . , s n = t l | < o o I
. l=
t l i l ; ; . . l l ) )

K0,t Kot
*t{l[' .^.".lltn=r,2,...
lllrr,lll= =tt}
t,,...,,"
//- \
pcr r60e (1,) .Urar T:X -+ U pt r[: l',r,)=(1,).

'Onrrlq 6n o ?1,6pog
oxTlv ruepintcrrorl rrrrv pd,oerov Schauder, ono8errvfetor

Banachror o tel.eori6 T rootropqrKrl

(,r,lil.lll)"*,xcbpog oro
epqfreoorl.Ezrtoqq,

ofvol.o U opi(etor11v6ppoI l, ut
rilill
=
l(,t") suplllll"e.ll:o ne*epoopcvo tou Ni
unoofvol'o
Ul".a ll )

r60e(t^).u rar'** l(a)l=lll(a)lll

ytcr por60e(t").u .
=zl(t")l
flpd,1po,n, Tw (1,) e U rut o rcenapaop6vouaoo6vo),o tou N tolpet
ll ll il, ll ll, ll
zlllt .e.ll=lll ,t"""ll+llf e"d e.ll,
ll**llll*=tllll*=tll
52 BATEI' SCHAUDERXE XOPOYXBANACH

'Apa
6ruoue* =1 0,v r€o K',l t" = -l 0'v K e o .
l(a)l=
lll(r.)lll
Eniolg T10Kdes

n : 1 , 2 , . . . K o , t l , . . . , € n= 4 1 roxfsr

ll=lb'""ll.
lli,.u,. lhu"
ll,
o7tol)

o : { * e { 1 , . . . , n \ : , 1 . > 0 } K o , r? = { r c e { 1 , . . . , r } : , <
10* }.

lltr rlll l/
xuvenrbs <21\1,
lll(4,)lll
. \l
)1.
An6 to ruopondvco6netCI,r6n oe 6vo lrilpo Banach X , o onoiog 6yerunconditional

Brioq (e,), yro r60e o nlntpacip6vo unoorivol.o.rrovguorrrbv opr0prilv, opi(etor

/* \
o rel,eotrl; P,:X -+X, pt P"l21,r,l=|,1,"^o " " ongioq eivar rppo,yp6voq
ror
\n=t ) n o,

unoorivo},otou ' N} < +oo. O opt0p6g K

pdl.rotoK = sup{lf"ll: o neruepoopdvo

efvar q nparrl oto0epd,trlq unconditional Bdong (e, ) .

N
Eniorlg Tto rdOe srol.ouOiu e = (€n) e {- 1,1} , opi(oupe rov te}.eorr1

P , :X - +X r o q
e(r1g
P,(>^,u,)=iup.,r,.
\n=l ) n=t

o tel.eorrlg{ eivorgpaypwoqrot ro16err, =.up{lr"ll:ee{-l,l}o}.*.o. O o-

pr0p6gK, efvar6e6tepr'1
oto0epdrr1gunconditionalBeorlg(e,).

IopletsupllP"ll<*pllell<zsupll{ll
n K3 Kr<2K rar upanapanlpofpe
6tt 11

oroOepdeivatn&vrotepeyal,rirspn
6e6repr1 rl torl cn6 qv npdlol oro0ep6.

Av (e,) eivar |no unconditionalBdoq rou X , pnoporiperudvtorrvo opiooupe

orov X pro too66vopl norm 6tor rbote11unconditionaloro0epa K, vo eivot iorl

pe 1. opi(orpt lllrlll:supllr"(")1. pdorlqeivcrt

raee block Btioqprosunconditional
a

en[or1gunconditional. H unconditional otoOepd ptog block F6onSeivor prrp6reprl

n ion oz16tqv unconditional oru0epri tng priong.Av (e,)eivot pra'unconditional

pdoq tou X, r6re 11orolou0to (ej) eivcr unconditional poorrrl arol.ou0to orov

X. , rrlqonoicg r'1unconditional oto0epd efvor i6ra pe (r, ) .

"r1g
 KEOAAAIO 2. BrioergSchauderoe 26rbpouq
BanachI 53

To en6pwo 0e<ilpr1trra
eivot avdl,oTorou @ecoprltrrorog
2.8 Tro unconditionalBri-
oerg.H ar66er(r1rou eivoreniorlgovdl"oyrlTrpog
rnv on66er(r1tou 2.8.

2.46 @e6pqptr.'EorcoX yapoqBanach*o, (r,)Be"n Schaudertou X Tu,no,-

pcrdrcoeivarroo66v0p0.
/\
(i) H (",) eivorunconditional
Bdo'q.
(ii) Yndpler K >0, iDoc yra rcd,0en =1,2,...ru,r rd0e o c{1,2,..,n\, wy(ter

=,<l|} r&oe
)",,...
).nnpaylronrots'pr0po6s.
ll}^.".ll t"" ll"'
(iii) Yrriplet M >0, rbots yto rcri0en =1,2,.. ra,r rd0e E* = *l,y =1,2,...,n,ro26;6er
'1
r- ll ll , ll
Zr*7*"rll= tll|4r.ll trordOe/q,^,,...,!,npoTrrq,nKofs
apr0pofs.

H ouvrlOropwq Bdorl r,ol l,p, lto l( p < +ooKc,r1 ouvrl0ropr6vrlpriol roo co eivor

unconditional Bdoerg pe oraOepti 1. (To +l e(oqovi(ovror un6 rtg an6bteq rt-

p6g).Avti0sro I oOpoi(ouoo B6o11(r, ) rou co 6ev efvcr unconditional Btioq, 616-

ll,ll
llZl.*.ll= I *ot d,po6w ropietq (iii) rou @eorpr1parog2.46.
ll"=t ll

2.47 llpltcoq. 'Eotro X yapoqBanach*o, (",) unconditionalp6or1rou X pe

otc0epdK.
n =1,2,...rat )r,...,).n,a1,...,an
(i) fro rcdOe ?[poylrotrKofg
opr0po6g
ropler:

=r"*"^ *=1,...,,1|;,.".
\t.l:
ll2^.".".ll ll
( i i ) f r o r d,Oen =1 ,2 ,...K oa,rr,...,an,fr ,...,f
n Tr poTponKofg pe l".l=lp.l
cpr Opofg

yra K =\,...,ft ropiet:

=,*llt,..,.ll
18,.,"ll
54 BA'EI' SCHAUDER>E XOPOY>BANACH

'Eotco
Ar66erfq. (i) n e N. An6 @erbpqpaHahn-Banach ozrdpler x* e X' , pE

ll"'ll
ll""ll
=r <bote
'" =lli s..o."
f (D.*af;e*) ll.
''ll'
[:, ,/ I*=t

@6roupe A:{KeN/l 1rc1n,o"r.(".)>0}

B = { K e N / l 1 r c1 n r o . r . ( r . ) . 0 1

t*=l(I,v K€ A, t* =-l ov rceB.

T 6 r eA , Be f , 2 , . . . , n \ , A a B : 0A, v B = 1 , 2 , . . . , r \ . ' E olt,rtor l =* * { ) " . 1 : l < * < n \ .

= (I, .".".)l=12^.o.
|[ r"'*,.11
1". 1. y1t
*'G. ;(".)=
)=lt,l"l,-.
.11o.,.(,,,
=V,ll?, I=F,I1".
."-".{," [.{,.".r4l= u"
F,I1''ill|1 ll=
o",.
=F,
(1[r-,""" "*?""1,,
.lll[e"."
ll) |("ll;
""o ll)=
ll."lll""".
=2K.-u^{,i.1
:1<rc=r}l[ ".".11.
(, I
(ii) Av rogrerl".l=l\.l yraK =1,2,...,n,
' r6rt rn*]]+ :K=1,2,...,nf
< I ror on6
llp.l )
qv (i) avri ).* * rcr cvti aK ro f * ",lwK =1,2,...,n,nporcfntet
t

=* --{hl
o.".11
llza <
:, rc=,}l|:r."'ll
ll"llll,ll
ripo lllo"r*ll< 2K.llZf.".11
ll*=t ll ll*=t ll

Azro8ei[ops ornv flp6roorl 2.37,6rt rd0e povo8taiu,block orco].ouOioqg oovl-

0rop6vr1gF,iorlg roo (.p, yto l( p<+@ (ovtioror26oroD c0) eivot too66voprl pe

u1v ouvq0rop6vrl B6o11rou (.e (avriorot)Co tou co). Eivar o(toorlpeioto 6o ouul

11t6t6cr1ro26cporalpi(ettrg ouvrl0top6vegp6oet6 roo (p, 1to, I 3 p <+oo Ko,trot)

co. Aut6 eivor to nepwl6pevo roD OecoprlpatoqroD Zippin zrou 0o ano8ei(oupe

flpdlro 0a u,ro6ei(oupe6va otorletdr8egXnppo.

rco,tcrrt6pco.
 KEOAAAIO 2. Btioerg Schauderoe ldrpoug Banach I 55

'Eotor
2.48ltlfppn. (2,) ori(ouoa urol.ooOio npolpcnrrirv opr0prbvps I < ln 1n

yro rcri0en=1,2,.... Areiuerdpyet

M >0 ri>oteM-l1,)",*-, <)oo sM),nL,*_,yrc rri0e

/ t , K = l , 2 , . . . , t 6 r x v n u p y e t0 1 a < l r i r o t sM - t n o a ) " n a M n o y t a r r i $ e n : 1 , 2 , . . . .

Az66erlr1. Ap26rrd o,no8errvfoupe encycoyrrd (encyrrlyrl oro rc), 6n roprer

M-.4 31,r 3 M.4 (1)yro r60e n,rc:1,2,...

o fto K =1, M-t 7n. 7,. M)"n yturd,Oen =1,2,.... Ilpdyporr, an6un60eor1
yro

rc=l €XootrttM-t ),^7,I 7n I M),,)"t, ol,l,ri |< )"1<1, 6po

\ =l ror ouvezrrbg

M-' ln a )", a M), yw ra}e n = 1,2,...

o 'Eorco6cr to266erTta K = p >1, 6fl,c5r1 M-, )f4 ),0 . M,

4.
o @c crno8ei(oupe
6a ropisr rro n= p+1,,6nr,o6n U4-n-txo*t
<1oo*,<Mr*tV*t.

Eivor 14-n-t4+t = MlLnM-e 4 < M-1l,lno < 1,0*, (on6 rrlv un60eor1 yro

K = p+I) rcar lnou s 1147,1p

< M)",Mp4 = Mr*' ff*t .
'Eotrrr
rcbpo n,ze N. T6te pa rcd0e r =I,2,..., top5er nl*toc^l<-l*roenl+r6nou

l*tog*l *ot [t lognf eivor tc or6pota trrriprltrrlv 0eor6v npoTpolKrilv oprgprbv

rclogm Ko,l Klogn avriorolxa. flpdytrron, oprei va azuo6ei(oDpe

rlv e(r1gavro6-
Tqro.

l"tos*ltogn <[*togn]+ t)logz .

fvcopf(oupe 6tr [x]< x. ["]* 1 pc rcdOex e R ,

. l.loeml< rclos.m I
opo"t
Klogn<lrctognl+tJ
0p0 lrclogmlrclognSrclogrnfrrclognl
+ 1).
Apo on6 qv (1) rcoreruer8rl
11orcol,ouOia(1,) eivar o,ri(ouoo6natcr 6fl:

< lrr*ror,r< l^In*nr*,I 741*toen)+t

74-l*ros*)tr1*logn] .1l*nenbt

ru,r ouveacitg
-[*ne^l
74 7l*logz]< 741*toe"]+r. jxtosnhr

ror ener8rl11ouvdptrlol log eivo,ror5(oooo 61oupe

- lrctos mltogM + tog *lto g )",< logn]+ l)togu + (r logn + r)tog
lrc firc ] I_
56 BA'EI' SCHAUDERTE XOPOY' BANACH

Ko,revtolpovrog rnv o,vto6rnro (-.r < -[x], x - I < [x]) 61oupe

- rclogmlogM + Qglogm-t)log2" < (rclogn+ l\logM + (rclogn+l)log,t,

dpo
- rclogmlogM + rclogmlogT, -logA, < rclognlogM +logM + rclognlog).^+log)".

n
rclogmlog 7, - rclog nlog 1^ < rc(logm+ log n )log M + log M + log )"^ + log )"^

l o g ) . ,_ l o g 7 ^ | t +log)', +log)"^
-< b--'
sM( * ) *logM
logn logm [logn logm) rclogmlogn

yrcrrdOe K =1,2,...
'i,
Eval.l.dooovtog xolq m KaLn 626oupe

tol).^_tog)., 1 +log)"^+lol)"^
-sto'u(
-" .__L) *logM
logm logn (logn login) rclogmlogn

yrorc60erc:1,2,..., &pa

I logn logml \logn logm) rclogmrogn

p o r c d 0e rc=|,2 ,...ro te n e r6 r.1y^W = 0,te} tr r 6626oupe

rclogmlogn

llea-lsLl <rcnu(| * tl (2)

logml
I logn (logn logm )

rcordpa 11crrcol,oo0io. an =+EL elvor orol.ooOio Cauchy rot ripo ooyr)rivet.

logn

1og2'
@6rooued = lim .
n-* logn

Ener6q l< 7n 1n €neranY< 1, 4po 0 < a < I rot on6 ''v (2) crvndpoupeto
logn

6pro yto m -) @ 626oope

lloe't,-ol=!oeu
llogn I logn

logM -log)"n _ -logM

n logn logn logn
- logM < log )., - alogn < logM
n
 KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoetq Schauderoe 26rirpoog
Banach I sj

n b g M - 1= b -en 4
a <bgM

w
rt M-l <4=,
no

ra,r tel,rrri 61oupeM-tn" . )"n. Mn" ytu rdQe n =1,2,....

@o 26peroorofpenopordtcrrqv e(r1gnp6toorl:

'Eorro
2.49 llp6rcloq. (e,) unconditional poorrr'1 orol.ou0ia, pr unconditional

oto,Oepd K, =1. Av a12a27...1d,,fr,f

r,...,f n efvo,rnpa,ypotrrotopt0poi, rbore

i =r,2,...
rrioe
l")=lB,ly,o =lli p,tll
, r6'tllf,q",ll
lli=r ll lli=r ll

Azt66erfq.
Ynd"pyet
x* eX*, rbore
;(>,o,r,ll=llf,",",ll*t ilr'll=1,Drtro8rt
\ i=t ,/ lli=r ll
ll, ll ,

; a,x*(e,)=
lll",",ll= 21o,;1".1,,)=
2;r,11".(",)=
flo,;{",1=foe,p,*.(",)
6aoo e, = +1 o,v 9,*. (r,) >O *o, ti : -l av B,x. (e,) <0 .
'Etor

ll, ll / n \ ,, ,,ll n ll ll, ll ll, ll ll,

lll o,
r,; <*.| | t,f ,",|3|l'' | .|I', r,ll
B, =llZ u,
' f ,
' 'll < K,ll>B,
ll
=lll p,e,
tl
'll
lli=r ll \i=r ) " " lli=r ll l|Ii",ll ",ll
lr=r l li=r
(Bl.6ze$ 2.4s).

2.50 @e6pqpa (Zippin).'Eorco x x6pog Banach rcar (e,)povcarafo pdorl

pe rriOepovo8toioblock p6o1 tr1g,

Schauderro'o X. Av n (e,) e*ot too8r5vatrrrl

t6te q (e,) etvorrooDfvoprl pr rnv orxrl0ropdvnFrion roD c0n pe tn oovrl0rop6-

vq Briorlro'o (p pa rrinoto l< p < +co.

crol.ouO[o (a ) O"ou d,n= l-l, q a,ro].ou}ia (a,e,)efvor po-

Az60erfq. fia rcdOe

vcr8ro,io
block Briorlror 6po roo66voprlpe (",). Enop6vroq
11oetpd ib.o.u*
"qu r=l

oulrcl,iverov Kor p6vo ov 11o'erpdiU.". ou1rcl.iver.

Apo n oerpd iU.". ou6l,i-
x=l r=l
58 BA'EIX SCHAUDER'E XOPOY>BANACH

ver Xtopiqneproprop6(unconditionally)6nou oulrl,ivet, 6pcr (e,) eOot uncondi-

pzropo6pe
tional 96on. XcrlpigFX&Ftlqg yevrr6rTlro,q vo uno06ooupe6tr 116erite-
prl unconditionaloto0epdeivu,tK, =l (Pl.6ne$ 2.45).
'Eor<rrL . r . I
[rj, )"=,1,., ao o6vo].o 6].covrrov povo8raicovblock Bdoerrlvnou eivot roo6ri-

vopee pe rnv (r,),6nou / rcard,l,1.r'11.o

ofvol.o 8errtrbv.E<p'6oovn (r,) eivcr t-

pe rnv (ri) po rdOei eI,tn6"pyerroopopgtop6gT,:X-+ w("j), nou

oo66vopr1

oqe(r1s:
opi(eto,r r,( t,'.".\=it .*'-.
\x=l ) x=l

An6 ap.],/Jl
opor6pop<pou undpler M, >0 ,i,"m ll4ll< u, yra rdoe
<ppdypotog,
i e I . E n o p 6 v r r l g y r a r i6 e0 Ie l y o o S t ' i '
ll /* \ll ,, ,.ll-
ll i ll. l[ l l. ll
llft I 4'.lll= llflll[
/ ll " ll"=r
t.'.ll , ,ipo llZUl-:ll=u]l,t"'"11.
ll \*=r ll ll*=r ll' ll*=r ll

r;':$(x))- x

1'[: ^.*'.
) =Z^.'.
.
(a \ o

gpdlpatoq, undpler
Azc6 Oerilpllro ovotKnlg onetr6vlotlg rcat oppl otrrot6pop<pou
il ,tl
M, >0, trrotell4-'ll< M, ytu rdOei e 1.

Eivqr llr(:o",)ll=ilq-'rr
lli,"':ll
'll-llll-ll
dpa u, lllz"';ll
llZz.'"ll=
ll*=t ll ll*=t ll
ll.llll-ll
'r uilllt".e"ll<
lll t.*'.11.
ll"=t ll ll*=t ll

M = max{Mt,M2}
@6roupe . ro"r llr,ll<u,llr,'ll= u po rcdoe
i e1.
'C)ote
yto r60e arcol.ouOio(r,) ponoAtciablock pdorl tr1g (e,) ro26uer:

.ll.llll.llll-.ll
M'll>1.,.11=llzt.,A= vlll 4,.11 (r)
ll"=t ll ll"=t ll ll*=t ll
 Banach I
KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoeq Schauderoe 26rbpoug 5e

fta n:t,2,...,06toope = lltr-ll Ener6rl p6or1,

n (",) eivotunconditional on6
", ll"=t ll
d
ll,lllln+tll
qv llp6toor12.49rolper = ^.t.ll KCn =1npor6-
yto4 = L =,= 1n*1
"ll
ll2^., lE
ll,llll,*tll
rlrtr llir"ll= lll""ll"", epc Kn 3K,*,po r60e n =1,2,...
*ot tl (",)eivorarl(orroc
ll*=t ll t ll"= ll

, dpaKn 2Kr= llr,ll=t rar ar6pr'1*, =-llr,.ll = n, on6tt l.-rcn< n y1a

crrol.ou0ia

r c 6 0 er : 1 , 2 0 . . . .
'Eoto
n,/ e N. @6toope

ll .4-' ll r ( ,{' )
l^ =ll I
"" ll Kot *^ =+l
An
2". I tro m=1,2,....
ll*=1r-t1"1-r+tll \x=(n-r)nt-t+t)

flpoqovrirg 11o,rol.ooOn (",)eivot pova6toioiblock priorl tr1g (r,). to26uoovro t-

Eqs:
't-l 2nt-l 't 't
= Ze* + \e* + ...+ 2r * =Zr *
L A *x* = \xt + )rx, +...+ Aoxn
*. r I . . r --

x=l x=\ x=nl-7+1 y=1n-1'ynl-la1 x=l

il, il llr ll
6po lllz","ll=
lll,r"ll=
ll"=t ll llr=t ll ".,
"

ll,,-t ll
=
4 llI'*ll= *,'-''
ll*=r ll

An6 rlv (l) 61oupe.M-t h < 1, < M), yw r60e m =1,2,...rar 6po
ll- ^ r l
il, il
*.,
"
=llft.'.ll=
il, ll
r'lli *')"lli:+".|
^.".11= "ll
ll*=r ll ll*=r ll il.; /h
4

rcrt enet8rl?r- Ut on6 tqv flp6taorl 2.49 tnr.rar

4
ll" r
lll+r, ll>llZu -'u.ll=
ll il, ll ll, ll
u'lll ll =M-'K,,
ll.=t4 ll ll.=t ll ll*=t".ll

orlore rco,2 M-2rcnt-tKn.'opoto ano8errv6etar 6n Kr, 3 MzKn-rKr, 6pa 61oupe

M-2K,r-rKn3Knt l MzKn-rK- Kot enop6vcogan6 to Anppa 2.48, un6"pyet 0< a <1

ioote
60 BA>EIX SCHAUDERXE XOPOY' BANACH

M-2no l Knl Mzno Tto Kdee n =1,2,..,. (3)

Ay a=0r6re M-2 <*#EM'yro r60e n=1,2,...Kor q (r,) eivor gpa1p6vr1.

fro

rd,Oen e Nro,rl\,1\,...,lt,7rpoTpottKofg
cptOpofq
6otcrr
lurl=**{lr.l,r< <
" "}.

r6reon6rlp6toorl
2.4etyortrt" t**n lo.l=lr,l,ro
lo,l=llu,r,ll=ll}r.r.ll.
rc60erc=\,2,...,n, on6 t1v flp6roorl 2.49 iyoope

ll,, il il, il ll, ll

lll p.e.ll ^ l l=p,llZ'.ll
" l l=ll>r,'.ll ' " l l - = ^ l l= p,*,
' / 4 . t,oM
ll;'" ll='"
'c)ote,r,ur{r,l
:r < rc< n\<lliu"""ll<M' max\rt.l:r
< * < n\,ripon oerpdio.u*
ll"=t ll x=l
;l_

ooyrl.iver,ov Korp6vo ov =0 e
}t1gp,. n oetpd Sro*r'* ouyrl.ivet orov co (e,\
*=l
a

pe rnv ouvr10r1B6o11
Bdorl roo co), ouvenAq n (r,) eivct too66vcipr'1
ouvrlOr'1g

(e,).ou
"0.

Av a >0 0rfrou*,O=!.
a,

Io1pprop66. fio r60e n e N ror py,...,Fn0enrco6gprlrofq topier

, *(L,)'=lli,i".ll=,'
(2,.)t
'Eorro
Aa66er$q too roprlircpo6. n e N rcct l\,...,F, 0enroi prlroi. @6roupe

m*
F* = m,m*quotroi oprOtrrofTra K =1,2,...,n ru,r elvor
oTEo'D
i

L,! =,*l|:,u
,ll=l\r#
".ll ".ll,
I

oz16qv (3) 626oupe

a1.1.6 K* s M'*ii mi > M-2rc* tl .! 2 M-2rc* rcotn6l.r

az6fip6toor12.4e,
tnemnll|rzi'. >M-j[Zr.ll
 KEOAAAIO 2. Brio'eq Schauderoe lrirpougBanach I 6l

ll , r ll -lll , ll
Apo llZa:"-ll- 'llZ."^.".11.
M-2m
ll*=r ll ll*=r ll
n

@ 6 t o o p e s * = f f i 1 + m 2 + . . . * f f i * _ . t ,s r = 0 Tto K=1,2r...rn, *'

"":ll,-+r'll
I sx+l

x* =L 2", .Iopiouv ra e(r1g:

A* L=s*+l

n s2 s3 Jr+l

Z o *** = a txr+a zxz+ ...+

a,xn= Zu, * le, + ...+ 2", =
x=l (=s2+1 (=sn+l {=st+l

!\ ml+m2 ml+m|+...+mn ml+m2+...+mn

=Zq + lq +...+ Zq: 2", ,
l.=1 l=mt+l l=mt+m2+,.+mn4+l I=1

ll ' ;; ll,1*...*,,ll i;
ripa llf a,x"ll=ll Lqll= * o dpo626oupe'i)
r(o,r
ll^=r (=t il ll ll lr

l[..,.ll.r'llr,".".ll9r'l[,.".ll=)-,*u,.>
= M-a(rz*r.)i
=M-o*r(Zr.)'
ll" r ll (n \t
enop6vrr ,: ,.ll> u -'lZ a. . 'oporaano8errcvf
rcc,r etor6tr:
ll"E )
(n
ll,
''E p.)
r

llZ,:'.ll=
ll \;

An6 tov roluprop6 ziporcunceton q (e,) eivo,t roo6rivoprl pr rTlv ouvriOropdvrl

tou /P.
B6o11

2.51Atfippc (Mazur).'Eotor X yapogBanachdzrerprlg

8uioroorlg,Y nentpuapt-
vrlg 8rdotoongypopprr6gun61ropo6
rou X ror e > 0. T6re undpgelx e X rct,ore

ll"ll=t "o, llvll<(1+t)llv* )xllra rdoev e r rcot,te R

Aa66erfq. Xcopig0x,i0n rrlg lwrrc6rnrogpnopofprevo uno06ooulrss < l. To o6-

^ ^ . ll ll r\
vo/uo ,S,=lJe f" :ilyll=l) efvar rcl.erot6Kor qpoTprdvounoofvol.o too I rar o Y

eivcr fienepoop6vrlg6uioro,or1g,dpa ro S, eivor oupnay6q onoofvol,o tou y ro,r

dpo o),rrd qpoyp6vo. Eruop6votgTro ro 6e6opsvo I ) 0, uzrdp26ouvn e N ror

 BATED SCHAUDERXE XOPOYT BANACH

y,,yr,...),y,e po rdoe ./ € sy, ondpyer

s", drore s, - L1s[1,,;J xuvencirg
z,/ x=t \
A
/
r<rc<n.'ore/.s[ y.,:l
"\
'2) n lly-y,ll.i.
'i '
\ 2

An6 Oerirprlpo undplouv yi . X' , trE y:(y.)=lly,ll= 1 yro r60e

Hahn-Banach,

K =1,2,...,n H ropr] flt"ryl 61erouv8rdorornp6oootov X, prrp6reprl11iorl rou

x=l

n . Enoplvrog,trp' 6oov o X elvato,netpo6rdoru,rog,

r6te rcurn roprl flteryl etvcn
x=l

anetpo8tdorcrrogun626ropog
rorX.Apuvn6"pye,
r.1^1t"ryi vt llrll=r Ko,roovr-
r=l .

n , i r sy l ,(" )=o p o rcd Oe

K =I,2 ,...,n' Eotr otr r ;& !eSy r ot 2eR. T6te onapye t

r<rc<n .'ore lly-y.ll.; r6rei llr+,t"11*lly-

nll>llt.+nll n
il ^ il- il . il
- y.ll= y; (y.* )*)- = y-(y.)*
lt + ;ryzlp"+ nil-lly-y,ll= y:(y.+ L')-lly *
I
+ 1r v^ \l , G
' \-9=l-e,
2 2 l+e

I
epoll"r,
* r'll>
l+r

pfiepCI,opo.

A v y e Y , y + o r o':, l l t l l I ' dpc v 't'' - - ' - ' - ! rat /"eR

dporroro otorleio
llpfll= ilril 1t

0a626oupe
otpqrrrv'
l* rotrpor1lo6pev" (uvri
).""
llmll=O.,{ffi.ffi|l fi,
llyll< (t* e)ly+,trll.
rorezropcvrs

Me enovol,rlzunrcrlegcppoyl roo l,rlppotog Mazur oro6erKvlirror ro en6pwo Oerb-

pTltl0,.

2.52 @edtprlpol@anach).'Eorrrr X yorpogBanach dnetprlq8dotoorlq rcr e > 0.

povo8roio SchauderBootrr'1orol,ouOio arov X pe otoOepd f,ionS
T6re urudp26er
prrp6teprl n ion roo 1+ e .
 63
KEOAAAIO 2. Bdoetq Schauderoe lrbpoug Banach I

'Eotrrr apt0prbv pe
Ar66er(q. (u,) lrro orol.ou0to Oettrd)v npolpoorrbv
@

ll(t*r,)<l+e . Katfioreod(oupepe enoyoprc6 tp6ztotrlv (r1to6pevr1

lrovo-
n=1

6rota SchauderBcrotrcrlsrol.ouOio. Enrl,6yoopee, e X rirote llrtll= t. O

tp(ur)-X 6t6otoorlq 1 rcot6po on6 Arlppo Mazur 0a undpler

etvor nercepoop6vqg

erex 1rs llurlFl, Yto rcdOe)',,)'reR'

rirotell4"'ll<(t+er\l'rer+)"rerll
'opoto undplet ereX, pe
(L,ur.sp(e) yro rd,0e 4 eR). llqll=t, rbott

ll\n,* )r"rll< (r+e,)l4e'+ Ler+ )'rerll Yro rdOe \'rr,1, eR

'Eotrrl
(\", * )"re, e ,p("r,ur) ror sp(e,,er) nenepoop6vrlg6r6otooqg). 6tr 626oupe

€1>€21...7€n
enr1.6(er rce {1,2,",n-lr
e X , pe ll",ll=ll"rll=...=ll",ll€t, Ko,tTlorc60e

rot ,1, rolrer'llir,",ll<(l+e**,Jltr,",ll.

,12,...,tneR rov7rt?ttpoop6-
brtpo..ipt
ll,=' ll lli=t ll

vqg 6t6oroorlq uer6lroporoD X , F = sP(et,€2,...,€n)rot on6 to Arlppo Mazur, u-

€n*teX, pt lln,.'ll:1,rrrote
nupyet pg rdge!eF,/'eR'
llyll=(t*t".,)p+)'e^.rll
'Eot<o
KOr oDvtTtrilq opi(etot eTroToYrrd,q orol.ooOia (e, ). trbpo n > m KCrt

= F 626oupe
\,12,...,1, e R.. T6te yw y \et +...+ )'^e^ e
(t* t^.r\Wur+...+
ll\u,*...+)'^e^ll< l^u'^ull3
A^e^+
< (1+s.*,Xl * t^*z) ll4"r+...+
1^e.+I.*t€^,t+)".*e^,rll<...

<(t+e)14r,
+...+).,e,ll
+t,)1p.,",
< (t* r.*r)0+.e,.r)..(t +...+)',e,ll
rcarsn6 to yvoror6 Oerirplpo q (r, ) eivor Schauder Bootrcrlarol,ooO[o.

Mia ouv6nflcr ro11yeyov6toq 6tr rdOe u,nerpo8rdorotog,(d)pogBanach nep#26erpro

pgorrq orol.ouOio, eivct 6tt 11ol.legplrcq 6r6otaor1 w6g cnetpoDrdototou 26rbpou

Banach eivor ) c, 6noo c eivar o nl.r106pt0poqtou ouvelofq. Aivoope rotcor6pco

pro on'eugeigq ropyrl on66et(r1,q onoio oqeil,etat otov Mackey Kot Baoi(etor oe

enavol.rlnttrrl eqoppoyrl tou OerrlprlpotogHahn-Banach. Anobetrvfoupe np4u|ra

6n q al,lepptrrl 6r6otoon roD (.* eivat c.

 BATEIX SCHAUDEREE XOPOY>BANACH

2.53 A{ppa. Ynd,p26et (M,),., d,netprrrv

orrcoy6vero unoouv6}.rrrv
roo N, rirote

lll:z*':c (nl.nOdprOpog
tou oDverofq),ciloreav i,jeI,i* j r6rc M,r-tM,

rezuepu,opfvo.

Ar66er(q. E<p'6oov lgl = lXl, uprceivo Bpofpe t6toro otroy6vero unooov6l.orvron

0 . To ofvol.o A ruov opprltrrlv TrpoTlrorlKrilvoptOprbv €yet nl,r10riprOpoc. fio

r60e a e A, entLf1oupe arol"ouOia,(xi) prpuovoprOprilv,rbore xi-- *)a Kar

t'
0 6 t o u p e Mo =V :1 " =1 ,2 ,..1 eQ.T6r e M o eivan
d,ner po
ofvol.o. Av a,BeA,

G+ P, r6re undpler e > 0 rbot, (o-e,a+e)n (P -u,P+e)= 0.'Erot Mo nM u

7[rfiep0opevo. ,i,

iou !,* , r6re lsl = 2"0 =

pdo'r1
2.S4llp6nroq. Av S efvoro).1epprrcr1
".

Az66erlq. Aprei vo pporipe2*o =c TpolrprKrbq tou (.* .'E-

ove(riprnru,oror?Ceta
orcoM,,i c1 n orrol6vera6nrrrgoto Arlppo 2.53. T6re ro o6vol.o {X*,,ieI}

oruoofvol.oroo (.-. Ilpdypon, 6orrD\,12,...,).,eR

eivot lpopprrd o,ve(dprnro

Ko , t \ , i2 ,...,i ,e 1 p e L N Mtt*4Xuiz+...+) .,Xr ,n= 0. Ynapyet xe N ioor e

x e M,, Kor x a M,r,...,xe M,,, apa \NMitQ)+)"xr,, (")* ...+l,NMh(")= o n

1 r . l + ) " r . 0 + . . . * 1 , . 0 = 0 n \ = 0 . ' O p o t a B p i o r o o p lez : . . . - [ n = 0 rgt oove-

zr6cdim(* = c .

2.55 @edrpqpc(Mackey).Av X cnerpo8rd,oro,rog Xd)poq Banach, r6re

NA
dimX>.2" =c.

Aa66erlq. An6 @erilprlpa Hahn-Banach, pnopofpe vo, enr1,6(oupe

tL, e X' ,t1, * 0 . @6toupe Xr =ker Lr+X, rcl,etot6guzr6lropog,ripc X, eivu y61.-

pog Banach. O X,61er ouv8rd,oroorl(p6oo orov X) ioq pe l, ouvenrirgo X, ei-

vor oTrapo8rdota,tog.
Encval,appdvoupe to enrleipqlro Tro ro X, ovt[ tou X ran Bpioroupe Xr.+X,

rl,erot6un6lcrrpo, pe oov8rdorooll roD X, trti,ouotov X, ioq pe 1, dpa X, unev

 KEOAAAIO 2. BrioergSchauderoe 26rilpoog
Banach I 65

po8uiotatog. xuve26i(oope enoyoprd Ko,l Bpioroupe pro o,rol,ou0ia,

Xo=X<.Xr<.Xr<....<'XU<.X,*r<....
|ui,cteo X,*, rilet ouv8td,oto,orl
I p6oo otov
X n ran ra9e X, eivot rl,erot6g.

f r a r c d 0 en e N e n rl ,6 yo u px,e
e X ,\X,*r pr ll",ll=t. fr or d0e ( a,) .1*,11 oer pd

i+ ou1rc)"iver),6yor rl,r1p6u1tcg. Opi(oope tov tel,eotr.l T : [- -+ X pe

2n
"=

T(a^)=\T,(a,ar,...)el-. T sivor ypopptrrl Kor l-1. Ilpd,yport,6orro

r(o) =ilulu
-n=r
= o, r6rc at :0 6r6n o,v a, + 0, 0c eivar
2'

x, xa
o ' T * o ' T t * o ' 7x*, . . . - 0 A a
! 2(arx"tj.a^x,
p ax , = - ; 1 7 + 7 : ) --
n p u y ydt ot o n o
).Xr
6 r 6 u x . , e X r \ X r . E n a y r o l r r od u, v d y o u p6en a r = d 3 . = . . . - 0 , 6 p a a , = 0 y t a

r60e neN, dpa (o,)=Te('. A p o [ * ^ = . f k\* ) -/X , tipc dimZ(n-)=c=2*o

*ff8ifii
rccrtouverurirgdimX>dimf(/')=2*o =c. 'Oote
11 ol,yeBptrrl Duiotoorl ev6g
cnetpo8rdoro,roDlrilpou Banach eivo,rtoul,dgLorov c.

2.56 rrcpctrflpqaq.'Evo no],r6 rcevtptr6 np6p],r1poorq Oealpiolrilprov Banach 11-

ro,v ro e(t1g:ruepr626et
rc60eonetpo8uiororog 16poq Banach pro,unconditional Bo-
orrcr1orol,ou0ia; To np6Bl,rlpo out6 1.60r]re opvrlard ro 1993 o,n6 touq w.T.
Gowers rq,r B.Maurey [2]. H f,rior'1rou npop],r1lrCI,rog
ouro6 odr1yqoeoalv ovord-
IuVq prog v6og rldorlg 26rilprov
Banach, rorv ral.oup6vrov ru,Ool,rrd o8ra,ond,otrov
(hereditari ly indecomposabI e) 26io
prrrvB anach.
ii.
KEOAAAIO 3

Bdoag SchauderoeTcbpooE
BanochII

3.1 @edrpqpon K60e 6ro26ropiorpog

26iopogBanach epqute-riecorrooperprKd otov
C[0,1]. An],o6n o C[0,1] eivor rca0o],tr6gyro toug 6tolrrrpiottrroug
lrilpoug Banach.

At66e{4.Eor<o X 6n26<opiorpog
Xd)poqBanach. An6 llp6tocq l.I2o X ep<puc6-

srol loolrerprrd otov C(.B".,r.). Aa6 0erilprlpor$Lao1l,ou-Bourbakiror ll6ptopa

t:;

/ *\ '
1.9(y),o 26rilpoq
\Br.,w- / eivortrretprronoul-U:,KCrroDFney\g,dpo o116@edlprltrro
1.3,uerdp26er rcared ouvdpqo\ q:C -+l\*.,r-),
lno oDv€26r1g 6rrouC ro ofvo].o

Cantor.
To ovorrr6 ofvol.o [0,1]\ C , ypdlperoroov crp$pr1orpr1
woon cvorrtcbvrcot(evrrlv
avd 66o 8rooc'lpdtrrrv,
611l.o611 pro,orcol.ou9ta
on6.pyet (a^,p,),n=1,2,... (wcovavd

66o 6rootr'1pdrcov,
rirote [0,1]tC=lj(o",8,). qv ouvdprrlorlg oe
Enerretvoupe
z=l

ol,6rcl.r1po
to [0,1], 6orro/:[0,1]-(^B".,w-) opi(ovrogrnv / lpopprrd oe rd0e

6 t d o q p o 7 a ,,f,J. A v (a ,,f ,)c [0,1]\C ps an,pneC t6te yr a xelan,fn) ,

r=(l -tfo.^+tBn,O<esl opi(oupef(*)=(t-t\p(a,)*uq(f,\ n f eivo,rra),.d

oprop6vrl,616oro o'6vol.o(B*.,.' ) eivat rorpt6 ofvol,o Kor eivor o-uveplgror ezul,

on6 rov rp6no nou op[ou1KtKo,r616oq g eivanouve26r1g

ror er[. Opi(ouperov c].e-

cT Tr : C(nr,,.') -c[o,r] og s€ng: rr(n)= hof yroniOeh e C(B*.,w').

f
[u,i1-,3".

\1,
,.r\l
E[vor
68 BAXEITSCHAUDERXE XOPOY' BANACH

+ h r ) .f = Q h r ) .f * ( p h r ) "f
r r ( l t t r * p h r ) = ( ) " h rp

d = 1(h, f)* p@, f)= lrr(nr)+ prr(nr)

" "
rcrrdpu,f, fOoUlnrn.

Arc6pq

ll+(r)l=lln" fll=."p{(ft
",rX'):0<x . U=suplpf(x))'
0= <t}
"
= sup{1ft(y)
: y e Br.} = llrll
6r6n11,f '[o,r]-B*. eivoreni. 'C)ote
lll(r)l=llallpa r60ehec(n*.,.-) *or,r1
T, tivar tpappucn rootrretpio.
'Eror
626oupe
to e(r19:
^i
x .,.-**.",^, c(B*., ," ) *o, clB*., ,- )"'.__?". ,c[oi], enoprfvcoq
x €lr9oraDetctc[o,r].
€pg0teuetql
rcoperprrd
elrqDteD€tcl ,
rooptrptxti
",.-:..., rooperprrd

3.2 Atflppc.'EorcrrY pr1retprlrpevoqnenepaopfinlq

6uioroor19
un6lrrlpogw6g liopou
'Eoto
B a n a c hX r o r 0 < e < 1 . ! t , . . . , ! ^ e , S ' r i r o t el l r - r , r l l . i yeS"
"rrcd0e
rd,norojo e {1,2,...rm\randotcrr
lccrlT1o xr(r r)=l yro,r60e
xi,x),...,*-.€ S"* , torare

j =I,2,...,m. 'Eotro("") pta arol,ouOia

otov X F.r ll""ll=1 *o, ltl""r(*,)=0 Tro

j =1,2,...,m. T6re po rdOe N =1,2,...,ond,pler<puorr6q

opt0p6gfl,.r.t) N, <irote

<(r*'ll, * Mn,,*ll
llyll vtoreeey e r,a eR.

Ar60e(q. Ener6rl S, r<l,eror6ror <ppolp6vounoofvol.o rou Y rcor Y 6yet fie;rlepa-

opsvq6rdorool,t6re S, oopnoy6g. ro rdl.upp" fsfy,il: y e Sr] rar 6po

@eroprb
\ +./
'onapyetneruepaoprfo
o unordl,uppo, 611l,o6r'1
undplouv ! r,...,! * e S' cbore

--(e\^(r)
S" c Sl lr,1 l\-/...rr Sl y^,1 | rccr 6tot na r60e -/ € Sy , on6"pyetjo e {1,2,...,m}
\ '+/ \ '+/

t),rr r s
oort y. o[I /ro,i \ llY- Yi,ll.
'r,/] o.
\
 KEOAAAIO 3. Bdoerg Schauderoe 26rilpouq
BanachII

'Eotrrr
rdrpo 1/ e N rat *otguorr6g opr0p6gvE n,,n > N, rbote .
lr;6,,," ) i
:,,,
yta,rdOe i = 1,2,...,* . iorratl , - , efva,ro,prer6vo ano8ei(oupe6tr:
Lr*

U rr" rc6 0 eye S " r ccraeR. Totr r r

l l r **, , , rl l tt- !eSv KordeR.. Av lol.z

ll-ttrtt
"0""llr* *n,)lr ll*""," =lo|-llyll
>t>| - !.
'Eorrorcirpo<2.Eg'
lal 6oovunriplerwog6eirc'1g
7orbotellr-r,,ll.;,oupuuepaf-

voupe 6n

-
ll,* *,",|1=ll, ! iot ! io* *,".-[l

ll,-,r,,ll
=llr,t Mo")l- ' llr,,t Mn,,*ll-;
=
-; =
- l"ib,.,* Mn".,l -!
) 2
*,,,(',","
l*,,(r,,)*
- I,i0,,)-hl,;ft,",
)- i, t -r;-;=r-!.

3.3 @edrpqpc@essaga-Pelczynski).'Eotro
x yapogBanach*o, (r, )Fto orol.ou0ia

orov Xtrrt xn--50 *o, llr,ll=l y,o*Cgr n=1,2,....T6teuad,p26etrruoc,rol,oogia

(r,) Schauderpaorrcn.
"ns

'Eotrrr
Az66a{q. M >l rar nt =1. Aa6 ro Anppo 3.2 yw Y = sp(xr), uadplergo-

orr6g apt0p6qnz) nt, t6toroqrirore ll",t,ll < u+llor*,,* drxn rc60e

ll
"r
dpd, eR . Enolcoytrd ru,r on6 ro Arlptrro 3.2, ranaorceilri(oopepro DfiooKol,ou0io

xn1\e(,.), rirote llt",..ll=

'll
rtlli o,*,,11
'll ro, rc60e z eNrcct
lly=t llr=t
a1td2t.,.2a
^*r € R .'Etot 626oupe

ll^, ll llrll,'*r
r I ( ^2-r

)lE',",,11
r
r
llZ",r^,ll= '^ llI o,*,,11<
M'^'.M'^"'
.llnl+2 ll

tU='
'
ll llj='
'
ll i=r
- | flu"
llLai*,,||=...= ll ll \r=,1
70 BA>EI' SCHAUDER'E XOPOY>BANACH

=*112",..,11
'c)o,e
lli",..)='ll po rcd0e h.rmz €N, rn, <m2Kat d1,...dqo eR rct

dpc n uzroorol.ou0ia (x,- an6 to yvcoor6@erirpqpo2.8.

)rfuo, Faoucrl,

Ilcpct{pqoq.Houvrl0topevn Frion (e,) tou c0 Ko,rrou (,p,yro 11p<*a, 6yet

tq r6t6tqteq rou 0e<oprlporog

Bessaga-Pelczynski,
611l.o611
e,10 rot lle" ll=l
y* rd'e n = 1,2,...
ii,
H eru6pwrlztp6tooq eivot e<pcppoyrltou 0ecrlprlpo,rog
Afuioyl,ou rar o-upnl,rlpcilver
crlv
llp6tooq 2.13. i

'Eorco
3.4 llp6tco4. X yapoq Banach pe ^p0on
. , | \ - , . . , -+
Schaucler le- | rat I':X
\ ft)
2'pe

r('..)=('--(";).ro"
(i) O tel,eot4g T r;ivat uct.

(ii) Av n (t,) etvot oupprrcvofoor6te o cl,eonlg T eivatrcopopgrop6gror

(iii) Av n (r,) eivar oupprrvofou, ro,r pov6rovrl t6te o rc),eorqg T eivanooperpfa.

Ar66er{4.(i)'Eotcrr
(1,) .x , r6teon6tovoptop6
roulrbpout , *ollir,r,ll . *-.
n llx=t ll

@6toupexn:*,)"*e* yr' rri0e n =1,2,...rar6tor r"pllr,ll < +ooKo,rouvezucbg

,.1(r, )

eivor gpoyparrl,6111,o511
rn6.pyerM >0 <i,otellr,ll= , yro rd0e n =1,2,...rot dpo

llt ll r
ll; *,ll <l yta r&0e n =1,2,.... Xovenrbq
j:*, . 8,,+B..,, =I,2,.... Azu6
IM "ll M x yro rdOen

0erirprlpoA),6oy1,ou,8",, eivut w-| oupnal6gror dpa q arol,ooOia (r,) e26r,p.o

*',
ooyrcl.ivouoo
unoorol.ooOfootov X dpo w&pyetozocro].ou}ia (x, ) nS o*o],ou-
 KEOAAAIO 3. BdoerqSchauderoe 26rirpoug
BanachII 7l

A, / \ u,*r ** \' ( ** - **/ r\

0icg (x, J rcorx" e X" , rirote (x,, )-+ x.. Kor ouvrTrd)
g x'. (r)) = l, Ita n =1,2,... Kctr
q
dpcrZ(x-') =(1,) rcaro Z eivcren[.

(ii) Av n (r,) eivor oupp1rvo6oo,,

61oupeono6ei(er(Ilp6roorl 2.13) 6r-o gpoypwog

reLeoclg 7 eivct 1-l rot nporlyoup6vogano8ei(ope 6tt eivaneni, apa un6 $erilprlpa
ovotrcrlg ozrerr6vrorlgzrporrinrer6tt o T tiyutroopoprprop6q.

(iii)'Eorox**ex** . @aozco8ei(oupe 'Eloupe

or lllr(".")ll:ll"-.11. ono8ei(er
oro

p6pogr 6n P)'(x-.)=i"--G;!.. Eruer6rl

q 0don (e,) etuoroupprrvo6oa",
r,6re

x. = ,p(r)) *o, uro)ur** ia (a,) igore,' =io*".*

o,rol.ouo rar ouvencbg

PJ-(r..)'. r x", apa. Ezrioqs

ll"-ll=rupllr..('..)l=lllr("-.)ll 11prion(e,)
ene6r1
eivarpov6rovr,
r otaOepd K =l rar epollr,ll<r
'lg Brioqg enefrlll",ll= lle,--
"or lleo
eivo,r
rcar yn nioen=r,2,...,
11",.'ll=t epollr,'-('")ll= llr"ll. Enoprtoros
ll","llllr-'ll=
=s,,pllp...("-)l
llltft.')ll =ll'-ll.'c)ore =ll"-ll.
lllrr".'l||l

3.5 rrpftcnrg. EorcrrX yapogBanach*ot (",) ouppucvofoo B6o11schauderTOl)

x . Tore 11SchauderBdol rou x* ,(r)) tolu Drop0oycilvrov

oDvo,ptqooet8rirv
rlg

(e,), eivat<ppaypevo,
nhpqg Bdorlrou X- .

Ar66er{q. Aprcei vo ono8el(oupe6n r.o r60e aror.ou0io (4) . n- pr

lll\i1
l , l l^ - * ll
r"pll) 1.")ll ( *o, onapyetx' e X', rdtororilotex* =I'1,r). fia n =1,2,...e6-
u llr=l ll n=l

roDlre 4 ={,4ri . Ener8rlx 8rolcoptolpogxaposBanach,az6 Oerilpr.lpa

A}do-
r=1

yl,ou-Bourbaki rcq,tfl6propa 1.9(y), o lrirpog (t*.,i) eiva,rouptroylq rot lrsrprKo-

72 BA>EI' SCHAUDER'E XQPOYI BANACH

Trorllo4rog,6pa n orol,ou0ia, xi, egilpro w* o'o6l.ivouoo uruocrol.ou0io (x., ). OOo

wilPYetx* e X*, ti)ott di,t--x* e X* -

Ener8q = ).^ yra,rc60e

m=r,2,...,lnerur6n
x.(e.)=4
!yy2iG^)=I:X(>.^.":IG.)nt-\*=l
)

'Eror =
pcrrd0em =1,2,.... =21,", .
". Ir.(t,Y)
n=1 n=1

To ezr6pwo0erbprlpo fl,1vflp6roor'12.16 rat 26trpartqpi(flroogooro?to-

oupnL,r'1piovel
pe Brioq.
0eig26rbpoug

3.6@edrpqpc(James).'EororX yapogBanachpe BdorlSchauder(e,). Tcrcrr6-

l.ou0oeivorrco66vcpo. ;i,

p6or1Schauder
(i) H (e, ) eivorrppolpwanlrlpqg Korooppucvo6oa rou X.
(iDO X eivatourona0tlq

An66er{q. IIpw (erwrloouperqv cn66er(r1 plo unw06ptorl:

ogrcrivoDprs
(o \

e):X-+R., t:ll'._rL.r.)=
1,,

(o \

e)':X.e R, r|121.": = t,
)
H rccrtef0uvo1(t) + (i;)61erono6etl0ei (llp6toorl 2.16). @ooruo8et(oupe
nlv Ko-
c60rxor1 (;;)+ (i).
'Eotrrr ror 61etpio priorl (e, ). Oo ono8ei(oope6crq (",) ei-
6n X eivoroutonaOrlg

ro ovriOero,6re$(e))=X..
Av uno06ooops
vol oDpprKvofoo. Enotrr6vrrrg
czr60e-

r*' € X'*,(tort
cbpqpcrHahn-Banach,undpler *..(f)=0Tto r&Oef .tp(t;).

A).)d X wronaOrlg, dpo 11rovour4 onetr6vrorl r:X -+ X'. tivo,t enl Kar o'uverurirg

Tlclrox** eX", onapyet"=i aiei eX,aorc, r(x)=x** rotdpc

j=l

r'-(r') po rcdoe
x* e X'
"(r)(r'):
tl t--(t-)= x'(x)

(o \
/ \

,1t-.(".)=
t"IL",",1.
\i=t )
 KEOAAAIO 3. Bd,oetgSchauderoe lrbpoug Banach II 73

Aur6 efvor o,66vatov6t6n.

'c)orerel.rrd61oupe,n({): x.
*..(u:)=o = a,n yrardOera=t,2,....
";(i",",V
\t=l /

(
@oono6ei(ouptr6po 6rr 11(e,) eivotqpoTlrsvon?4-
/ \ n c ,? . r \ -'----, .-' -.---.L,-
Kol q (en) eivoroDpplrcvofoo.

png.Av t: X -+ X*' qrovour4 ofierK6vron

Kot .r =t*,", e X ,r6re {x)=tr,4.
i=l t=l

6t6npc *' =l(,ei e X' 61oupe

i=1

- l/ - @ @ (o

Z*,ti'lZt,4l=Z*,(,=lt,rilLrp, I
\ \

,:r \ i=t ) i=t i=t \ i=t )

6ql,o6r1rolriet t("{".)=".(t). Enedrl X oDro4oenq,I r eiva.' e7;-,apu yw

,1,

x*' eX**,un6.pyer*=\*,e, eX t.r,ortx-- =r(x) Kol'dpo,s.'=lx,ei'. Enop6-

r=l i i=r
-l**\,.**,(*\,..t.**
vrrrq sp(e,' ) = X" Kor oovrTr(bS\4) eivat oupptrvofoo, az6 6nou Enr.r.ut6n 11e)-

eivcrr<ppoypwonl.r1pr1g.A)'ld ,(t,)=e)' rat 6tor 11(t,) eOot etriong qpoTpwo

nrnpng.

3.T lftlporrlpricer€. fvrrlpi(oope 6rr o co 6ev eivot ootonaOrlg616rr ci. etvor o (* .

Etvor w6rog6pov vo 6ofpe 6n ro oupn6poopo our6 nporrizutetanc6ro 0erbprlpo,tou

Jamesrar 6cr n qooucq prior1roo co 6w sivol qpoTpevonXr'1pr'19.

/t 6w eivcncotofio0rlg 6totr n quotKn tou pdol 6w eivor ouppuororioo.

O 26rilpog
'E26oupe
6et 6rt n quouctl Bdorl tou lp eivanoupptrvofoo Kot <ppalpwa ni,.r1pqg,
ov

l< p < +co. Ercopwo4 6l,ot ot lrbpot Ip , VE l< p < +oo eivat outono0eig. Edrrd or

gbpot Hilbert eivot outonaOeig.

3.8 @e<6pqpc.'EotcrrX yapogBanach *o, (",) unconditional Bdoq tou X. T6te

to e(r1g:
ro26riouv

(o) H priorl (e,) eivar oupprrvofoo ov Kot p6vo av o /r 6w epgutefetor roopopqmd

otov X.

ov Ko,tp6vo ov o co 6w ep<puteferortoo-
(p) H B,ion (e,) eivor gpoypwa nl.r1pr16

popqtrd orov X.
74 BAXEII SCHAUDERIE XOPOY' BANACH

(y) (Jame$. o x eivor ourono0qg av rco,ttrr6voo,v o c0 rcCI,r

o /r 6w ep<pureriovror
roopoptprrd orov X. a

Az66er{q. (cr) (+)'Eorco 6tr o /t ep<potefetortoopopgrrd orov X ran T:1.1-+ X

roopop<prrflep<pfreoorl, r6rt o ou(uy1g re],eotr.1gT':X' - (lt)' efvCI,ter[. O T'

anerrcovi(errovx'orov (zt)",6r'1l.o811
rov !.- noueivorpq6ralropiorpog.'Erorx.

6w ptopei va,eivor 6ra,26crlpiorpog

Ku,rtipo 6w prcopeivc dlei F6on.

Av undplet oDpptKvoriocBtiorl (", .ou 16<ilpou

X , r6rer1 orcol,ouOicrrrrv 6rop0oyrb-
)

rnov ouvoptqooedrbv(e,)eivar Bdorlroo X. ,npd:fpo drono.

(e) 'Eorroon n (e,) 6w efvaroupprrvo6oa. T6drsp(r:) * X' ran6rorezn).^6youpe

x' eX*\rp(r;)pr
ll"*ll:r. ,
Iofouv ro e(r1g:\:X -+ X,P]:X. -+ X' lr" P;(*.)= *. i p,.

'E26oupe
ano8eiletoro prlpogI6ct, P:(r-) =tf (r,)ri ,

6pa Tto rri0e n=1,2,... x' * P,(x.) *o, ouvenirrg onupyet a>0 rirore

ll".- r,-("-)llt" ytorcdoe

n =t,2,....

Iqpprop6q l. Yn6.p1er
pova8raioblock (r,) rnS (r,) ,i,o* *.(u,)> e pa rd,0e
n =102,....

Ar66er{q roo rolt)prapof 1.'Eot@ry eN . fta rd0e x =t4", e X 626oupe

6.- p:,(*'[i^^",]
\z=r ./
=r.[ir,n"]-
\,=l /
r'"ilt'\"=r \",)=
)

I-"'[tr,",l
=,.(i^,",
\ n=r
=;( ir,,,]
./ \ z=t ) \,=ry+r )

mlrrl
rcote<p'ooovllx--";(r')l >e ontpytt,tt)-nt *o, ,l =2^^n, p" llr,ll=1,,i,ote

'Eot<o
*'(ur)> e . n, e N pE nz > mr, 6potaonoSerrvrioupe6n tn6.pyetmr) n, ran
 KEOAAAIO 3. BdoergSchauderoe ybpoug BanachII

g, l il 1 , +(
u, = /.)",en pe llluzll= \
I rbote x \ur)> e. Xuvef(outrre
eroyoyrrd rct 6tor a,no6er_
n=n2
@
rcvrSoupe
tov ro'1uprop61.

rolpprcp6 s 2. H orol,ou0ta (r, ) rou tolupropof I eivorrooDrivaprlpe rrv ouvrlgr-

opsvnB6o11
rou /t.

Az66e(q roo br-Dpraporb2. fvcopf(oupe6n pro,block Briorlpra6F,ionsschauder,

eivor Schauderpoorrcrlarcol.oo0iorar ener6r1

n (", ) eivorunconditionalBdor1,t6re
/a\
Ko,r \ \r,J eivat unconditionalpoorrrl orol.ou0io,. Apa on6.pyerK >0, 6ror rirore

cn6 @ecilpr1pa2.46
Korrov rollprop6 1,po rd0e U;=1,2,...
Ko,rdr ,..dn eR vc,rofer
(s

Zl".l,ll2"."]'
"1[4 I ll=K..
r"" (ib),")'"K>V.l (A)

Apo ro$er o roxDprop6g2 rat oz16tqv (A) nporcrirtet 6tr 11arerrc6vroq T:1,1-> x pt
(o \ o

rl}.,f',)=Zo,u, eivm roopopqrKlepgriteuoq rou !.1 otov x , TEpaTpu

ritono.

Apo n BA"n (", ) eivaroupprrvofoa.

(F) (=)'Eorro 6n ozrdplerroopop<prrrl T:co-+ X . Av (r,)eivatq ouvrl-

ep<prireuon

0ropwrl Fdon rou c0 Ko,l 06ooupe T(r,)=*,, rorl tnfupyet Mr>Q cbore

ll',ll=,,lrQ)ll i tf M,ll',ll*o'epoll',ll,# y,crdoen=r,2,...ror

06rowas
l"
M=;r llr,ll=M ywrd0en =1,2,....fvorpi(oupe6n
626oupe z,-10. Ene6q

T eivo,r ouvey\g :.r;re T 0a efvar (r,r) ouveplg rc,r dpo f(r,)--o--f(O)rl

x, --\0 , 6,pa an6 np6racrl2.43 "on&pyet

'zroorcol.ouOio
(x-, ) tt (r, ), n onoia

eivarSchauderpoorr4 ror roo8fvolrrlps pia block g6o11,torll (u,)\e (e,). rn"r-

atl t1 (",) eivcrrunconditionalpdol <ppuyprwo

nxrlpng,626oupe
6n ror r.1block qg

(u,) eivatrppcypwunrnpngrcordpo *o, ','1(r*, ervortppoypwozrrrrpngrot eaedrl

)
 BA>EIX SCHAUDERXE XQPOYXBANACH

z roopoprprrqepgfteooq nporarnret 6rr (r-t(r.,)) enrru*o rul.r1pr1g

unoarcol.ouOfo
ptiorlftou co, npay4aarono.
n1qouvrlOrclrwrlq

(e)'ro'tco 6rr q pdorl (",) a* eivar<ppalpwcnl,r.1pr1g,

r6re T:X ->x 6eveivurer[.

T6re w&pyet arol.oo0io npayponrcilv aprOprbv (1,),

lrs qv ,6r6'1ra
ll, ll (n \
rrplll l.t.ll<+ooKo,r q arol.ouOio lZ4r.J
^ ^ . / , . N u* ooyrcl.iver
orov x. Apo on6
n llr=r ll \;

rpttrlpro pr1 0uyrhorlg un6p26ere >0, riroc pa rri0e no "onapl0Dv n > m)

no rbare
lln , ll ll ,
--*^.r.ll > ll 'Eror
IE4' . " "o'*" ll*I"" ll= " . enalroym<i,
rcctooreud,(oupe
pro,
orol.ou0ia(u,) ,ozroiaeivCI,r
blockns (r,), ci,dde
llr,ll= s rLar60en=r,2,... Kat"
ll, ll
n = suplllr.ll. +- . g (u,)eivot
' ' unconditiotral a,rol.ouoio.
Fooucn Eotro n €N,
r llx=r ll

d1,..d, €R'. @6roupe

l"rl=sup{la"l:kr < n} . An6@erbprlpo
2.46on6.pyer
K >0
,,,ll,ll
r.lore
lla,u"ll< rlll t(01oPo
ll*=io*u*ll

,lo,l
='lldl=
^llio.,.ll
n ll"=rll

et , ll, ll
apo
11",1<llZo.r.ll
r\' ll"=l ll

€ | ,ll' ll
fl<r <
F'up{|"" "t=lE"*.ll
Ener6rl
1""I = l"rl r"rctiOer =1,...,/t,on6np6raor12.46626oupe

=r*ll>",".11=r*1",i8,"11
<zxla,ltr=2Ktla,l=2Kt1sup{la"l:1
<K<n}.
l',,,"11
'c)ote
r<
**oflo"l:l< rt= llt r < n} ratdpo,
l l * =".r.ll<2K*sup{la"fl<
rll
r.loro},ouoic

(u,) e*atroo66vopr1 lrc rTlv ouvrl0roparrl Brior.ltou co,&rorco.

(iii)'Ezremtan6 ra (i), (ii) Ko,rro 0erilprlpotou James.

 BIBAIOTPAOIA

tl] C. Bessagaand A. Pelczynski,On basesand unconditional

convergence
of se-
XVII (1958),151-164.
ries in Banachspaces,StudiaMathematica

t2l W.T. Gowers and B. Maurey, The unconditionalbasic sequenceproblem,

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' facultyUniverzityKarlovy,1996.
,i,,
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(1964),205-216.

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t8l J. Lindenstrauss-L.
Tzafrii, ClassicalBanachSpacesI and { Springer-Verlag,
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t9l G.W. Mackey,On infinite-dimensional

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[0] J.T.Marti, Introductionto the The:ory

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sphere,RussianMath.Surveys26 (1971),79-163.
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{

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[7] W. Rudin,FunctionalAnalysis,McGraw-Hill,New York, 1973.

{
l18l W. Rudin, Principlesof MathematicalAntarffLis,International
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[19] M. Zippin,Onperfectlyhomogeneous
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