Nutrition I Mag March April 18

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nnovative, clean, ethical and efficacious are cognitive decline, our latest issue is full of advice to help you as part of
all words we associate with the products your studies.
that are used and recommended by And don’t forget that by reading Nutrition I-Mag, you can help yourself
Nutritional Therapists, and we should be proud, as this is a CPD accredited magazine by BANT, which means you earn
as an industry, of benefitting from brands valuable CPD points, while helping to develop your knowledge base.
that are committed to excellence, to guiding In other news, we are excited to soon be kicking off our conference
practitioners through using such products, season; the first IHCAN Conference of 2018 takes place on March 17 on the
and to leading the way when it comes to theme of Autoimmunity and is now sold out. Find out more about the rest
developing superior products. of the 2018 series on page 16 or visit www.ihcanconferences.co.uk for full
And in this issue of Nutrition I-Mag, we details and to reserve your place.
are delighted to praise some of those brands by revealing the winners of
our annual Product Awards. Whether winning an accolade or being highly
Rachel
commended, we are delighted to be able to bestow recognition on brands
that are dedicated to the work of Nutritional Therapists. Click here to find
out who has won.
This issue is one packed full of advice from a panel of leading experts,
and on a range of topics. Whether it is leading authorities discussing the RACHEL SYMONDS, EDITOR
issues around fertility, or experts highlighting the best approach around
Some material may be speculative

and/or not in agreement with current
medical practice. Information in
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ISSN 2049-4017
CONTENTS www.nutritionimag.com
CONTENTS
NEWS
The latest developments in the world of
nutrition
RESEARCH
We bring you up to date with the latest
scientific developments
PRODUCT WATCH
EDUCATION COMPANY PROFILE RECIPES What’s new to market
A look at the 2018 IHCAN Conference series A closer look at how Hifas da Terra is developing Ideas for utilising healthy flours
the market for medicinal mushrooms
BANT
All the news from the leading
professional body
ASK THE EXPERTS

Nutritional experts answer your questions
INGREDIENT FOCUS
The varied benefits of glutathione
CPD DIRECTORY
Seminar, conference and webinar dates
NUTRITION I-MAG GIVEAWAYS

HAY FEVER COGNITION FERTILITY
A guide to advising on the best approach to The guidelines for supporting healthy Experts discuss the correct approach to
easing symptoms of seasonal allergy cognitive function through the years dealing with conception problems
NE
EXCELLENCE
Nutriti n
I-Mag
in partnership with
W
IN EDUCATION
AWARD 2018
NUTRITION I-MAG EXCELLENCE IN

EDUCATION AWARD
THE WINNER RECEIVES:
We’re on the look out for stand-out students who have excelled in the past
■ One hour per month of phone
year. You may have excelled academically, received glowing reviews from
advice from Nutri Advanced, with
tutors or colleagues, or maybe you’ve gone that extra mile to help students guidance on how to set up your
in your class. Whatever the reason, we want to reward students of nutritional practice when you graduate
therapy for all their hard work and commitment.
■ £500 worth of free products from
The award is being run in partnership with Nutri Advanced, one of the Nutri Advanced
leading suppliers of high quality nutritional supplements to practitioners in
the UK. Nutri Advanced is passionate about nurturing students throughout ■ Free print subscription to IHCAN
their educational journey and hope these awards will inspire students to magazine for one year
move into practice and form successful businesses that lead people towards
living healthier lives. ■ Free place at the September’s
IHCAN Conference
So, if you think you deserve this award, or know someone who does,
■ Chance to write a mentoring
take two minutes to tell us why at: scheme feature in Nutrition I-Mag
www.nutritionimag.com/educationawards
■ Free lifetime subscription to
Entries close Monday August 1, 2018, winner will be contacted by telephone on August 15, 2018. Nutrition I-Mag
BIOGS www.nutritionimag.com
OUR CONTRIBUTORS
Each issue, Nutrition I-Mag enjoys contributions from many leading authorities in the
nutrition world. This issue, our expert writers include:
Dr Michael Murray Dr Marilyn Glenville
Dr Michael Murray is the Chief Science Officer at Enzymedica, makers of Enzyme Dr Marilyn Glenville PhD is the UK’s leading Nutritionist specialising in
Science. Dr Murray is the author of over 30 books, including The Encyclopedia women’s health. She is the former President of the Food and Health Forum
of Natural Medicine, and has been named ‘The Voice of Natural Medicine’ by at the Royal Society of Medicine, a Registered Nutritionist, Psychologist,
Nutrition Business Journal. Dr Murray leads the Enzymedica team in creating new author and popular broadcaster. For over 30 years, Dr Glenville, has studied
innovations in product development, as well as leading research efforts to create and practiced nutritional medicine specialising in the natural approach to
next generation formulas. In addition, Dr Murray works closely with the Roskamp female hormone problems.
Institute in Sarasota, Fl.
Natalie Lamb Rose Holmes
Natalie Lamb Dip NT mBANT is a qualified Nutritional Therapist, who studied Rose Holmes, Dip.ION, BSc (Hons), PGCE, mBANT, CNHC is a Registered
a three-year diploma in Nutritional Therapy at the College of Naturopathic Nutritional Therapist with a special interest in chronic illness, circadian
Medicine (CNM) and is a member of The British Association of Nutritional rhythm disruption and healthy ageing. She is the Education and Training
Therapists (BANT). Natalie saw clients in a private clinic in London for two years Manager at Rio Health and provides training to other practitioners and
before joining Probiotics International (Protexin), manufacturers of Bio-Kult and health professionals on natural therapies.
Lepicol ranges.
Katherine Pardo Dr Elisabeth Philipps
Katherine Pardo BSc (Hons), Dip ION is Head of Nutrition at nutritional Dr Elisabeth Philipps DPhil BSc (Hons) BSc Nut Med FNTP is a renowned
supplement company, Nutri Advanced, one of the leading educators in the field nutritional consultant and experienced speaker. She has years of clinical
of Functional Medicine. She originally trained as a Nutritional Therapist at the experience running her own private practice, alongside managing
Institute for Optimum Nutrition in London and is committed to helping people practitioner training for Nutrigold and delivering corporate client wellbeing
make realistic and sustainable food and lifestyle choices for improved health programmes around the country. She is regularly sought after to provide
and wellbeing. expert opinion for the media, appearing on National Health Radio and in
the national press.
NEWS www.nutritionimag.com
News bites
Little improvement in Scottish diet
revealed in new report
An updated report has highlighted the continued promotions
challenge for people in Scotland to adopt a have recently
A round-up of the news from the natural health industry. healthier diet. decreased
Food Standards Scotland has launched two new by around three per cent, but continue to be
reports which reveal the huge challenge for people skewed towards less healthy categories; we are
Students encouraged Nutriti n
I-Mag
in Scotland to follow a healthier diet and reduce their still buying 36 per cent of our overall calories on
to enter inaugural EXCELLENCE risk of diet related diseases.

The updated Situation Report from 2015 by Food
price promotion, and this can be over 40 per cent of
purchases in some Scottish retailers. Worryingly, we
Excellence in Education IN EDUCATION Standards Scotland, The Scottish Diet: It Needs to are encouraged to buy up to three-quarters (74 per
AWARD 2018
Award Change 2018, shows that two out of three adults and cent) of confectionery on a price promotion.
sponsored by
almost a third of children living in Scotland remain Geoff Ogle, FSS Chief Executive, commented:
E ntries are coming in for the newly

launched Education in Excellence Award, in
partnership with Nutri Advanced.
Nutri Advanced’s Head of Nutrition,
Katherine Pardo BSc (Hons), Dip ION,
commented: “At Nutri Advanced, we are
overweight or obese two years on from the original
report. Around 20 per cent of the calories and fats
we eat, and around half of sugar intake, still comes
“These results are disappointing but unfortunately,
not unexpected. For diets to change, we need to
see price promotions rebalanced and shoppers
Nutrition I-Mag has teamed up with Nutri passionate about helping educate and from discretionary foods, such as confectionery, encouraged to buy healthier foods, with less sugar,
Advanced to create the accolade, which is develop students into successful healthcare cakes, biscuits, pastries, crisps and sugary drinks. The fat and salt, by making these more affordable. What is
designed to recognise students who have practitioners. We know it can be a challenge report again reinforces that we need to reduce these particularly disappointing is seeing the reduction of
demonstrated commitment to learning. to start your own practice and that’s why we by at least a half as a first step towards meeting the sugar in soft drinks being negated by increased sugar
Awards are open for nomination, which can have created the student award in partnership Scottish Dietary Goals and improving the nation’s purchase from other food products. However, we
either be done by the student themselves, or with Nutrition I-Mag, to sponsor and support a health. hope to see more improvements in response to the
by their tutor. Once nominated, you will then be student who is looking to make the move into The updated Situation Report also shows that sugar levy and reformulation programme launched in
asked to fill out a detailed application as to why practice. some people in Scotland are consuming large March 2017.
you believe you are a deserving winner. “Nutri Advanced has a team of nutritional amounts of calories from alcoholic drinks, with “There is some good news though, as public
And it is worthwhile entering the awards, as experts, who are well known for providing average male and female drinkers consuming 1,100 attitudes are changing, with an increase from 50
a number of prizes are up for grabs; as well as support to practitioners on conditions, and 810 calories a week respectively from beer, per cent to 64 per cent of people in Scotland being
securing the award, the winner will benefit from regulations and supplements. They also wine and spirits. This is roughly half a day’s worth of concerned about our unhealthy diets, and support
one hour per month of phone advice from Nutri provide a wealth of training materials for calories per week. for taking action to improve our food environment,
Advanced, which can include both nutritional self-development, useful patient friendly The second report published by Food Standards including calories to be displayed on menus when
advice and/or setting up practice advice, as well information and work closely with industry Scotland monitors purchases and price promotions eating out of the home. For this shift change to
as £500 of Nutri Advanced products. influencers, such as functional medicine from retailers and shows no real improvement in happen though, we need individuals, industry and
The winner will also receive free practitioners, Jo Gamble and Pete Williams. the amount of calories, fats and sugar purchased Government to work together.”
subscriptions to Nutrition I-Mag and IHCAN As the selected student, you would be able in Scotland from 2010-2016. The results show that Public Health Minister, Aileen Campbell, added:
for one year, the chance to write a mentoring to tap into this knowledge with the monthly while there is a welcome decline in sugar from soft “These reports provide yet more evidence that we
scheme feature in Nutrition I-Mag, and will mentorship, along with £500 of free product to drinks, this has been offset by increases in sugar must take a bold approach to tackling Scotland’s diet
also win a place at the September IHCAN kick start your practice.” purchase from other foods. and obesity problem, which is why we are developing
conference. To enter, visit www.nutritionimag.com The research also showed that retail price an ambitious and daring innovative strategy.”
NEWS www.nutritionimag.com
Higher Nature acquired by BetterYou praised for innovation

owner of Tree of Life Natural health company, BetterYou, has been named the most “New product development is the lifeblood of the company
The supplement company, Higher Nature, has been innovative brand by scooping a national award. and we will continue to invest in research and creating products
acquired by the same company that owns the The company won the Most Innovative Brand accolade at that make a real impact on the quality of people’s lives.”
wholesaler, Tree of Life, it has been confirmed. the Feel-Good Brands (FGB) Awards 2018, beating four other Andy Brattle, Chair of the FGB Judging Panel, added: “This was
Health Made Easy (HME) is a company of three hopefuls to scoop the top spot thanks to its commitment to a tricky category and we debated the shortlist long and hard.
shareholders, including John Weaver, who is CEO unique delivery mechanisms. What we all love about BetterYou is their passion for innovation,
of Tree of Life, whose aim is to invest in the health The FGB Awards, which celebrate the passion, drive and and the way they continue to research and develop great
category. In 2007, they invested in Petty Wood, which energy of feel-good brands, are voted for by the public and products that can change people’s lives for the better.”
was sold two years ago, and seven years ago, they an independent and voluntary group of industry experts and BetterYou continues to invest in new product development
acquired Tree of Life. practitioners. to create innovative supplementation methods, having recently
It has been confirmed that HME acquired Higher Andrew Thomas, founder and Managing Director of BetterYou, launched a Vitamin D3 + K2 Oral Spray and MagnesiumSkin Body
Nature in December, but John explained that the commented: “Giving customers the most accessible and Butter and Lotion. The company is also proud to be working in
supplement company and Tree of Life will continue to convenient way to supplement key nutrients missing from partnership with the University of Sheffield to study effects of
be run as separate businesses. modern day diets is the most important thing for us as a brand. vitamin D on IBS.
“HME is effectively an umbrella group for
investments in the health and wellbeing space.
We have two now and we will continue to invest in Cold weather prompts PHE to issue warning
further opportunities in the category,” he commented.
“Higher Nature presented an excellent opportunity Public Health England (PHE) has weather like this, some will need
to take a brand that was innovative, highly ethical issued a health warning due to the help. If you’re able to, consider
and clean. It was a great opportunity for us to arrival of colder weather. clearing snow or ice from pavements
utilise our knowledge and investment into this area. The cold weather snap at the end and paths, see if friends, family or
The plan is to invest and grow the brand. We only of February prompted PHE doctors to neighbours who are left housebound
completed the deal at Christmas, so it is early days remind people of how they can take by the weather need anything
and we are still putting our plans in place. But we will care of themselves to avoid falling ill. fetching and if you know anyone
be investing in the brand in order to grow it with our Dr Thomas Waite, from PHE’s over 65, or with young children or
retailers.” Extreme Events team, commented: with heart or lung conditions check
He continued: “We want to grow it as an “Heating homes to at least 18C will to see if they’re ok.
independent business, and focus on the key benefits help keep you healthy. Also, make “Cold temperatures inside and out
that we see, which are clean, pure and ethical. It is a sure you eat warm food, move about can make you ill and can even kill.
brand with substantial nutritional knowledge too and at home and wear several thin layers Prolonged cold weather like this can
we feel this has been a little undersold in the last few instead of fewer thicker ones. Those be a challenge to all of us; remember
years so we want to take it back to what it was doing of us who are fit and well can also that staying warm helps keep you
when it first started.” do lots to help others – and with healthy.”
RESEARCH NEWS www.nutritionimag.com
In
Research
Nutrition I-Mag rounds up the latest research studies in the nutrition world.
Major new trial confirms probiotic supplement dramatically improves debilitating IBS gut symptoms
A new study using a

14-strain probiotic
supplement has found that
Bio-Kult was shown to markedly improve all aspects of Quality
of Life (QoL), evaluated using a 34 point IBS-QoL questionnaire.
These included psychological issues, such as anxiety about health,
“The influence of gut bacteria on the brain is a topical area of
research in neuroscience and the microbiome-gut-brain-axis is
considered a potential therapeutic pathway for brain disorders,”
it dramatically improves depression, lack of enjoyment of life, and feelings of having to he commented. “Using probiotics that influence brain function,
abdominal pain in IBS avoid stressful situations. or the so called ‘psychobiotics’, may in the future help alleviate
patients, as well reducing Study leader, Professor Shamsuddin Ishaque, commented: conditions such as depression and anxiety.
anxiety. “Over a period of 16 weeks, Bio-Kult produced statistically “Indeed, there is a strong link between depression and IBS, and
Described as the significant improvements in all key symptoms of IBD-D compared some researchers have suggested that mood disorders themselves
largest-ever double-blind to placebo, including the severity and frequency of abdominal may arise from dysbiosis (a microbial imbalance within the body,
randomised controlled trial pain. The magnitude of these changes with Bio-Kult was also very such as within the gut.”
of probiotic supplements in impressive.” Dr Burnet pointed towards another recent study by the
IBS-diarrhoea type patients, the study focused on 360 patients Dr Ashton Harper, Head of Medical Affairs at Protexin Healthcare, University of Cork, which has demonstrated that a single-strain
who had IBS with diarrhoea as their predominant symptom (IBS-D). which has the Bio-Kult brand in its portfolio, added: “IBS is a probiotic, B.Longum, reduced depression scores in 22 IBS patients.
The patients who took the probiotic supplement, Bio-Kult, which significant problem that decreases quality of life and places an “Importantly, the Bio-Kult formulation not only contains
was used in the trial, reported a 69 per cent decrease in abdominal enormous economic burden on healthcare systems globally. In the B.Longum but also several other probiotic strains that have been
pain, compared to 47 per cent in a group who took a placebo. UK alone, as many as eight million of us suffer with this chronic reported to have psychotropic effects in both mouse models of
The four-month study, conducted by the University of condition. A safe and convenient IBS treatment that is capable of anxiety and depressed mood, and in preliminary human studies,”
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, in Dhaka, reducing pain by nearly 70 per cent, not to mention completely he explained.
Bangladesh, also found that the number of patients who rated resolving symptoms in more than a third of patients, demonstrates Professor Glenn Gibson, Professor of Food Microbiology at the
their symptoms as moderate to severe at the beginning of the a profound benefit and holds great promise for this major medical University of Reading, said few effective therapies for IBS exist
study was reduced by 86 per cent in the Bio-Kult group, compared concern.” and it was extremely encouraging to see the positive results of the
to only 52 per cent in those who took a placebo. Furthermore, a Dr Philip Burnet, Associate Professor at Oxford University, Bio-Kult study.
total of 33.7 per cent in the Bio-Kult group reported that all their a leading UK expert on the gut microbiome/brain axis, added “The mechanism of action is likely to be positive influences of
symptoms had disappeared at the end of the 16 weeks. This was that it was the reduction in dysphoria (unease or generalised the probiotic on gut microbiology – known to be both positive and
in comparison to just 12.8 per cent in the placebo group. dissatisfaction), and health worries that were particularly negative for health. This user-friendly and safe approach offers
And it didn’t end there; as well as relieving IBS-D symptoms, noteworthy. new hope for millions of IBS patients worldwide,” he said.
RESEARCH NEWS www.nutritionimag.com
Researchers develop tests to indicate autism in the young Expectant mums

New blood and samples were taken from the children for analysis. should supplement
urine tests have They found a link between ASD and damage to with vitamin D to
been developed by proteins in blood plasma by oxidation and glycation
researchers at the – processes where reactive oxygen species (ROS) and
reduce obesity risk
University of Warwick sugar molecules spontaneously modify proteins. They in child
to help diagnose found the most reliable of the tests they developed
autism in children. was examining protein in blood plasma where, when Researchers have suggested that
The academic team tested, children with ASD were found to have higher mums who supplement with vitamin
who conducted the levels of the oxidation marker dityrosine (DT) and D during pregnancy can help to
international research certain sugar-modified compounds called ‘advanced prevent obesity in their offspring.
believe that their new blood and urine tests, which glycation end products’ (AGEs). That is according to a new study
search for damage to proteins, are the first of their kind The team’s research also confirmed the previously published in Paediatric Obesity,
and could lead to earlier detection of autism spectrum held belief that mutations of amino acid transporters which found that vitamin D deficiency The researchers concluded:
disorders (ASD) and, consequently, children with autism are a genetic variant associated with ASD. during early pregnancy can increase “Exposure to very low 25(OH)D
could be given appropriate treatment much earlier in The paper, Advanced glycation endproducts, the chance of creating overweight concentrations in utero may increase
their lives. dityrosine, and arginine transporter dysfunction in children. childhood adiposity indices. Given
ASDs are defined as developmental disorders, mainly autism – a source of biomarkers for clinical diagnosis, The study set out to investigate that vitamin D is a modifiable
affecting social interaction, and they can include a has been published in Molecular Autism. the association of maternal 25(OH)- risk factor, our findings may have
wide spectrum of behavioural problems. Since there The team was led by Dr Naila Rabbani, Reader vitamin D [25(OH)D] status with important public health
is a wide range of ASD symptoms, diagnosis can be of Experimental Systems Biology at the University offspring obesity and cardiometabolic implications.”
difficult and uncertain, particularly at the early stages of of Warwick, who said: “Our discovery could lead to characteristics in 532 mother-child Andrew Thomas, founder and
development. earlier diagnosis and intervention. We hope the tests pairs in Greece. managing director of natural
The team, which is based at the University’s Warwick will also reveal new causative factors. With further It was found that around two-thirds health company, BetterYou, which
Medical School, involved academics at the University testing, we may reveal specific plasma and urinary of participating mothers had 25(OH) specialises in vitamin D, commented:
of Warwick’s Warwick Systems Biology group, the profiles or ‘fingerprints’ of compounds with damaging D concentrations <50 nmol L−1. “This study highlights once again the
University of Birmingham, the University of Bologna, modifications. This may help us improve the diagnosis Offspring of women in the low 25(OH) importance of vitamin D and why
the Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, and the of ASD and point the way to new causes of ASD.” D tertile were found to have higher ‘at-risk’ groups need to be vigilant.
Don Carlo Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS. The Warwick The next steps are to repeat the study with further body mass index standard deviation As pregnant women have increased
team worked with collaborators at the University groups of children to confirm the good diagnostic score and waist circumference at vitamin D requirements, 3000iu of
of Bologna, who recruited 38 children who were performance and to assess if the test can identify ASD preschool age, compared with the vitamin D a day is not only perfectly
diagnosed as having ASD (29 boys and nine girls) and a at very early stages, indicate how the ASD is likely to offspring of women with higher safe but is considered an optimal
control group of 31 healthy children (23 boys and eight develop further to more severe disease and assess if 25(OH)D measurements on covariate- dosage for protecting mum and
girls) between the ages of five and 12. Blood and urine treatments are working. adjusted analyses. baby.”
NEW PRODUCTS www.nutritionimag.com
New to market
Nutrition I-Mag brings you the latest product developments in the nutrition world.
INFLAMMATORY FIGHTER IMMUNE SUPPORT

FROM CYTOPLAN OptiBac Probiotics has relaunched its popular ‘For
daily immunity’ supplement, which it describes as
Cytoplan has introduced stronger, streamlined and more effective.
its new and improved The supplement now consists of a ‘flu-busting
Phyte-Inflam food single strain probiotic, Lactobacillus paracasei CASEI
supplement, now 431, proven to reduce influenza-like illness in over
boastings liposomal 20 human clinical trials. Each capsule contains five
curcumin and billion bacteria, making it twice as strong as before,
gingerols. and 80mg vitamin C for an added immune boost.
Phyte-Inflam is a Soraya Janmohamed, Co-founder, commented:
natural phytonutrient “We’re very excited to be upgrading this supplement, and
herbal complex, adding another extensively researched strain to our range. With L. paracasei CASEI
comprising 431, we are confident that this product is one of the very best options on the A WEEK OF WELLNESS
curcumin from global market for those specifically looking for a probiotic to support immunity.” Pukka Herbs has unveiled its 7 Day Kits range
turmeric, and designed to naturally support everyday health and
gingerols from wellbeing.
ginger root. PROTEIN POWER FOR PULSIN The four kits contain Pukka herbal teas and food
The piperine previously present in the The nutritional snack brand, Pulsin, has launched its supplements, which are blended with 100 per cent
supplement has been removed and the new first range of naturally flavoured protein powders. organic, medicinal-grade herbs, targeting specific
formulation provides liposomal curcumin, The powders come in two classic flavours – vanilla wellbeing needs, from improving concentration and
which Cytoplan says is better tolerated, and chocolate. The new Chocolate Pea Protein focus, to calming an anxious mind, encouraging
more bio-effective, and has fewer medication Powder is vegan (17g of protein per 25g serving), undisturbed sleep and protecting against seasonal
interactions. while the Vanilla variety is vegetarian, made with infections.
Research has shown that the bioavailability whey protein, which has 22g of protein per 25g The kits, Night Time, Relax, Turmeric Brainwave
of curcumin is generally poor, and this serving. and Seasonal Wellness, has been blended by Medical
has limited its therapeutic usefulness. The Pulsin launched flavoured protein after listening Herbalist, Sebastian Pole, Pukka’s co-founder, Master
liposomal form of curcumin has been found in to feedback given to them from their customers, Herbsmith and an Ayurvedic practitioner.
research to be significantly more bio-effective, who will now have the choice of a powder that is A herbal wellbeing guide and downloadable digital
with absorption being 45 times higher than high in protein, healthy and natural but without tips are included with each kit, offering a simple and
standardised curcumin. compromising on taste. affordable introduction to holistic health.
BANT UPDATE www.nutritionimag.com
BANT News
The latest developments from the leading professional
body for Registered Nutritional Therapists, BANT.
BANT LAUNCHES PLEA TO GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TO STOP PROMOTING CONSUMPTION OF

PROCESSED FOODS AND FOCUS ON REAL FOOD
D
oes making an omelette or grilling a manufacturers to modify their offerings. with the following:
piece of fish or meat take longer than re- More British people than ever before are THE WELLNESS SOLUTION (http://bant.org.
heating a pizza in the oven? overweight or obese. The OECD 2017 obesity uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/WELLNESS-
The answer is an emphatic no. rankings classified the UK as the sixth most SOLUTION-IMAGE.jpg)
Following news reports that Public Health obese nation in the world, a truly dubious FIGHT THE FAT/BEAT THE BLOAT (WEIGHT
England is launching a campaign to cap the honour. Obesity and its related conditions are LOSS) (http://bant.org.uk/wp-content/
number of calories in fast-food items, the complex issues, which require interventions uploads/2015/09/FIGHT-THE-FAT-IMAGE.jpg)
British Association for Applied Nutrition and at multiple levels to achieve both effective BANT Registered Nutrition Practitioners are
Nutritional Therapy (BANT) finds it very difficult prevention and successful treatment and this is regulated by the Complementary and Natural
to understand why Government agencies are putting an unbearable burden on our National glycaemic response than ultra-processed foods, Healthcare Council (CNHC) that holds an
promoting the consumption of industrialised Health Service. The wellbeing of the British so prevalent in typical British diets. Additionally, Accredited Voluntary Register (AVR) for the
foods over real food. people depends on a total rethink of the way minimally processed foods are associated with a Professional Standards Authority for Health and
To combat this topsy-turvey Governmental food and health are considered in this country, decreased risk of cardio-metabolic disease.” Social Care (PSA). A recent report by the Royal
advice, BANT continues to promote its Wellbeing not a continual tinkering of outdated science. BANT experts carefully developed a set of Society for Public Health and the Professional
Guidelines campaign to encourage British The people of Britain deserve better. They Wellbeing Guidelines, based on the latest Standards Agency made a key recommendation
people to eat more real, unprocessed food. deserve good health. science and research in the field of nutrition for that AR practitioners have the authority to make
BANT also calls for some grass-roots changes Miguel Toribio Mateas, Chair of BANT, optimal health. The BANT Wellbeing Guidelines direct NHS referrals, in appropriate cases, to
to the approach to the obesity crisis; the commented: “The causes of obesity are were specifically designed to provide clear, ease the administrative burden on GP surgeries.
reintroduction of home economics classes in multifactorial and can include increased stress concise, easy to understand information, As members of the CNHC Accredited Register,
school, education about healthy eating and levels, systemic low-grade inflammation, lack avoiding outdated information and research, BANT Registered Nutrition Practitioners and
how diet and lifestyle can influence health of exercise and choice of foods and their and addressing some of the most common other CNHC registrants are the key workforce
over the short and long-term for everyone, preparation/cooking methods, amongst others. health concerns. The most frequent reasons asset to harness 21st century lifestyle medicine
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consumption of real, unprocessed food, rather processed foods like non-starchy vegetables weight loss and/or for general health and obesity, Type 2 diabetes, dementia and other
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With four and a half hours of education, a healthy gluten free buffet
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ATTACKING
ALLERGIC
RHINITIS
Nutrition experts discuss
the options to consider when CLICK
E FOR
HER
REFERENCES
supporting clients with
seasonal rhinitis.
W
hen we arrive at the spring months,
attention invariably turns to the effect
of pollen on those that suffer with hay
fever, given that it is so prevalent at this time of year.
But little focus is placed on other allergens which
commonly affect hay fever sufferers, not to mention
other conditions so closely linked to allergies.
It is important to be aware of what allergic rhinitis
actually means, and the allergens that this applies
to, especially as – for various reasons – increasing
numbers of people appear to be suffering.
“Allergy UK2 provides the following statistics on
the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and
other associated allergies; allergic rhinitis is the most
common form of non-infectious rhinitis, affecting
between 10-30 per cent of all adults and as many
as 40 per cent of children,” commented Nutritional
Therapist, Hannah Braye, Technical Advisor at Protexin,
which has the Bio-Kult and Lepicol brands.
“The UK has some of the highest prevalence rates of although there is a lack of studies to confirm this causes the symptoms. The most common symptoms of
allergic conditions in the world, with over 20 per cent of hypothesis.” hay fever include sneezing, coughing, a runny or blocked
the population affected by one or more allergic disorder. nose, itchy, red or watery eyes, itchy throat, mouth, nose
A staggering 44 per cent of British adults now suffer DEFINITION OF RHINITIS and ears, loss of smell, pain around forehead, headache,
from at least one allergy and the number of sufferers “Allergic rhinitis, otherwise known as hay fever, is a earache and feeling tired.”
is on the rise, growing by around two million between systemic inflammatory pathogenesis in response
2008 and 2009 alone. Almost half (48 per cent) of to pollen exposure and is associated with other “A staggering 44 per cent of British adults
sufferers have more than one allergy.” inflammatory disorders, including asthma, rhinosinusitis now suffer from at least one allergy and
Nutritional Therapist, Jenny Hall, Technical Services and allergic conjunctivitis. The major symptoms include the number of sufferers is on the rise,
Assistant at Viridian Nutrition, added: “Estimates of the anterior or posterior rhinorrhoea (nasal drip when fluid
prevalence of allergic rhinitis range from as low as nine exits via the nostrils or nasal drip that exits the nasal
growing by around two million between
per cent to as high as 42 per cent worldwide. Not only cavities into the throat), sneezing, nasal itching and nasal 2008 and 2009 alone. Almost half (48 per
are the symptoms of allergic, non-allergic and mixed congestion. Besides irritation of the mucus lining of the cent) of sufferers have more than one
rhinitis often indistinguishable from one another, but eyes and throat, hives and skin itching,” Hall explained. allergy.”
also the differential diagnosis of non-allergic rhinitis is “Non-allergic rhinitis is characterised by onset after
common.” age 20, female predominance, nasal hyperactivity,
Egzona Makolli, Technical and Commercial Nutritionist perennial symptoms and nasal eosinophilia in RISE IN PREVALENCE
at Kinetic, which has brands in its portfolio including approximately one-third of the population. Positive tests There appears to be various reasons why allergic rhinitis
Garden of Life, Nature’s Answer and OM, continued: for relevant specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitivity in is on the rise.
“Hay fever is common in the UK as it affects around one the setting of rhinitis do not rule out mixed rhinitis and “Allergies such as hay fever are said to be a
to five people at some stage of their lives. The latest may not rule out non-allergic rhinitis. The significance malfunction of the immune system. One potential
survey from Allergy UK shows that allergies including of symptom exacerbation by non-allergic triggers in the explanation for this malfunction is the ‘hygiene
hay fever are currently on the rise, with up to 30-35 per setting of allergic rhinitis remains to be determined and hypothesis’, which suggests the sterile environment of
cent of people being affected at some stage of their could be an additional important factor.” the Western world has reduced our interaction with a
lives. Braye continued: “Hay fever (also known as seasonal wide range of micro-organism (‘old friends’), necessary
“It is not known why some people suffer from hay allergic rhinitis), is a skewed immune reaction to inhaled to enable healthy development of the gut microbiome
fever and others do not. Currently, there is some pollen released from local trees, grasses and flowers. and immune system.3 This potentially results in an
evidence that hay fever is hereditary and people who The allergic response causes inflammation of the imbalance between type 1 and type 2 cytokine immune
suffer from asthma or eczema are more likely to develop mucosal lining of the nasal passages, throat and eyes, responses that favour the development of IgE-mediated
hay fever. There is also a theory that Western countries causing symptoms such as sneezing, coughing, itchy, allergies, such as hay fever4,” Braye explained.
have a higher rate of hay fever and allergies because red or watery eyes, blocked or runny nose, loss of smell, “The rise in popularity of infant formulas and a move
of a lack of early childhood exposure to infectious itching, headache and tiredness due to interference with away from breastfeeding may also have played a role,
agents, microorganisms and parasites, which increases sleep.1 as immune factors in breast milk have been shown to
susceptibility to allergic diseases such as hay fever by Makolli added: “Hay fever causes a release of contribute to the gut microbiome and intestinal lining,
suppressing the natural development of the immune histamine by the immune system in response to the offering protection against atopic conditions.5 Increasing
system. This is referred to as the ‘hygiene hypothesis’, substance or stimuli that the body is allergic to, which exposure to environmental factors, such as air pollution
and new man-made chemical compounds, along with symptoms at ease and preventing other acute infections Furthermore, it has been reported that those with
increasing stress levels and diets increasingly low in making symptoms worse.“ allergic rhinitis are at a significantly increased risk of
essential fatty acids and antioxidants may also be And Hall pointed out: “Furthermore, absence of early panic attacks. The suggested mechanism of action is the
implicated.4 All of these factors, along with the over- antibiotic exposure, exclusive breastfeeding for the psycho-neuroimmunological relationship, interlinking
prescription of antibiotics in recent years, are likely to first four months of life, vaginal delivery, furry pets in neurological, endocrine and immune activity.
have had a negative impact on the gut microbiome.”4 the home during infancy, lack of maternal antibiotic “An interesting study evaluated a large cohort of
Max Wiseberg, founder of the organic pollen balm use during pregnancy, and maternal animal exposure children for allergic rhinitis and potential co-morbidities.
barrier, HayMax, added: “Between a third and a fifth of during pregnancy all were associated with lower rates It was reported that among four- eight-year-olds, allergic
the population suffer from hay fever. This is expected of allergic conditions. Thus, contributing to the theory rhinitis and non-allergic rhinitis were associated with
to grow to over half in just a few years. Nobody really that increased antibiotic use and hygienic environments asthma, eczema and food hypersensitivity. Furthermore,
knows why, but there seems to be some correlation contributes to a less tolerable immune function with 25 per cent of eight-year-olds with allergic rhinitis also
with pollution, so it may be that, as the number of the risk of hypersensitivity to non-life-threatening had oral allergy syndrome.
particulates increases, this has an effect, causing people substances.” “One explanation for the additional conditions to
who have never suffered before to start reacting to
pollen in the air. In the 2015/6 Allergy UK study on The LINKED CONDITIONS
Impact of Hay Fever, 87 per cent reported that their Unfortunately, it seems that those who suffer with hay
allergic rhinitis affected their sleep (or their child’s fever are also more susceptible to developing other
sleep), 92 per cent of respondents said that their health-related issues.
symptoms affect their work, school or daily routine and “Hay fever is considered an allergic/atopic disease
81 per cent reported that their allergic rhinitis affects alongside eczema, asthma and allergies. It appears they
their mood in a negative way.” are often interlinked, with many sufferers developing
Makolli reminded that the focus should be on more than one of the conditions (referred to as the
strengthening the immune system. ‘atopic march’).6 Common immune and gut alterations
“Hay fever, or in general allergies, are usually are often observed in atopic individuals, with dysbiosis7
associated with watery eyes and other symptoms but and gut hyper-permeability8 associated with all of the
tiredness is also a common issue linked with hay fever. conditions,” Braye explained.
A weakened immune system may also be linked with Hall continued: “Allergic rhinitis may result in sleep
hay fever as a healthy immune system is crucial to fight disturbance, daytime fatigue and lethargy, depression of
off allergies, such as hay fever, as the immune system is mood-cognitive function, besides the impairment of the
made up of an internal defence system, which attacks sufferer’s quality of life. Due to its prevalence, allergic
and destroys foreign substances,” she explained. “When rhinitis is classed as a major chronic respiratory disease.
the immune system is working well and is in balance, Recent research has repeatedly associated allergic
it helps protect against harmful substances. When the rhinitis with affective disorders, such as depression and
immune system is not in balance, this increases the anxiety. Epidemiologic studies showed that a diagnosis
chances of increasing hay fever symptoms. A strong of major depressive disorder is 1.7 times higher in
immune system is important in keeping hay fever allergic rhinitis patients than non-allergic subjects.
allergic rhinitis is bacterial colonisation within the excess Braye continued: “As hay fever elevates histamine levels like pineapple, avocados, fish and healthy oils, such as
mucus within the nasal cavity, thus, leading to upper in the body, a low-histamine diet during hay fever season flaxseed and pumpkin seed oil. Fermented foods such
respiratory infections. For co-morbidities that involve is advocated by some as a way of reducing histamine as wine, cheese, vinegar and soy sauce, over ripe fruits
sensitivities it is suggested that rhinitis precedes further load on the body and some studies indicate it may be and vegetables also contain a high amount of histamine.
sensitisation, thus, initially stimulating local rhinitis beneficial in atopic conditions,14 (especially for those who Processed meats, shellfish, alcohol and dried foods are
without IgE activation that may progress to IgE activated have sub-optimal DAO enzyme activity).”13 high in histamine.”
immune response.” Jenny Bodenham, Nutritional Therapist at Higher Nature, In terms of why some people are affected and others
explained: “Some people with an allergy to pollens aren’t, Wiseberg said it’s important people know their
“As hay fever elevates histamine levels (particularly tree pollens) may experience cross-reactions trigger.
in the body, a low-histamine diet during between certain foods and their pollen allergy, causing “Because we are all different! Some people have nut
an itchy mouth or throat, although usually allergens are allergies and some don’t. People who are allergic to
hay fever season is advocated by some as easily inactivated by cooking, processing and digestion. pollen will only start to react when the pollen entering
a way of reducing histamine load on the Food and drinks that contain histamine or cause the body their body goes over a certain level – their trigger or
body and some studies indicate it may be to release histamine include alcohol and fermented foods sensitivity level. Some people know that when the
beneficial in atopic conditions.” and so are best avoided. Adopting an antioxidant-rich, pollen count is medium, they won’t suffer, but if it
anti-inflammatory diet may be helpful for many people. goes up to high, they’ll be in trouble. I also believe that
One study has suggested that consuming a traditional we are different at different times So, on a day when
SYMPTOM REDUCTION Mediterranean diet, rich in fruits, vegetables and nuts, we are a bit tired and low, it is possible that we are
Be sure your clients know the factors that can during childhood has a beneficial effect on symptoms of more susceptible than when we are feeling happy and
exacerbate symptoms. asthma and rhinitis(5) These findings are consistent with energetic. In other words, our own trigger level can go
“There is the potential to modulate or exacerbate the results from previous studies on the protective association up and down,” he explained.
allergic response through diet. For instance, foods that of a diet rich in various fruits and vegetables with asthma
cause sensitivity may mediate the immune response. and allergic rhinitis.”(6-9) IN PRACTICE
Furthermore, there is a suggestion that pesticides from Ensuring you have properly analysed a client’s dietary In terms of an effective protocol, the experts offer their
food stimulate a low grade inflammatory response that status is also crucial. insights into what you could recommend.
in those predisposed to allergies may then experience “Firstly, it’s key for a Nutritionist to do a full dietary Dietary wise, Braye suggested: “As hay fever is
greater exacerbation of allergic rhinitis,” Hall explained. analysis to find out if the sufferer is consuming any foods essentially an inflammatory condition, following
“An assessment of the dietary habits of schoolchildren high in histamine and whether any foods trigger their an anti-inflammatory diet, high in antioxidants and
was evaluated to find that those who ate sweets and symptoms. The protocol which I usually recommend phytonutrients from colourful fruit and vegetables, and
animal fats three or more times weekly had a greater based on current literature is to try to reduce dairy omega 3 fatty acids from oily fish, hemp, flax and chia
incidence of allergic rhinitis. intake as studies have shown that many people prone to seeds is advisable. Certain foods high in the flavonol
“Conversely, it may be what we don’t consume; allergic reactions can struggle with their dairy intake; try quercetin may be particularly beneficial, due to its
vitamin D deficiency can impair epithelial barrier alternatives such as almond milk or cashew milk, which anti-allergic activity (discussed overleaf). The main food
integrity, leading to increased and inappropriate are fortified with nutrients,” Makolli advised. sources of quercetin are vegetables such as onions,
mucosal exposure to antigens and a sensitised immune “Eat plenty of anti-inflammatory foods before the pollen garlic and broccoli, fruits such as apples, berries and
imbalance that compromises immune tolerance.” season, such as berries, rooted vegetables, tropical fruits grapes, some herbs, tea and red wine.9
cent of our immune cells reside),11 it is further reported that maternal vitamin D intake
by providing a number of nutrients can influence the child’s incidence of allergic rhinitis.
such as collagen, glycine, gelatine It was observed that 100iu vitamin D intake during the
and glutamine, which help to first and second trimester of pregnancy reduced the
maintain the integrity of the gut likeliness of childhood allergic rhinitis by 21 per cent,
mucosa and intestinal barrier.”12 subsequently, an additional 100iu reduced the incidence
Hall added: “An anti- by a further 20 per cent. Black seed (Nigella sativa),
inflammatory diet which includes often referred to as a cure all, has shown to have anti-
the removal of gluten-rich, allergenic activity. It is thought to come from its primary
dairy, added sugar, high fructose bioactive; thymoquinone. Both the organic cold-pressed
corn syrup foods due to their seed or ground seed can be useful. Studies have reported
inflammatory effect. Replace with a reduction in allergic and inflammatory markers in
oily fish, algae for omega 3s, plus nuts response to black seed administration. Furthermore, a
and seeds, such as flax, almonds and specific reduction in nasal congestion, runny and itchy
walnuts, which have greater quantities nose and sneezing was observed.”
of omega 3 essential fatty acids and Braye suggested: “The flavonol, quercetin, is known
would contribute to the full spectrum of for its anti-allergic properties, and is therefore a useful
metabolites from the omega 3 pathway. addition to any anti-allergy protocol. Quercetin is
Further anti-inflammatory benefits can be had thought to act as an antioxidant, inhibit histamine
from compounds such as turmeric and boswellia. release, decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines, and
A diet rich in a variety of vitamin C rich fruit was suppress interleukin IL-4 production. It may also improve
reported in the International Survey of Allergies and Th1/Th2 balance, and restrain antigen-specific IgE
Asthma in Childhood Surveys to have an inverse, dose- antibody formation, whilst also inhibiting lipoxygenase,
dependent association to rhino-conjunctivitis.” eosinophil and peroxidase.9 Quercetin appears to work
In terms of specific product recommendations, Hall synergistically with vitamin C.”18
“Eliminating or reducing pro-inflammatory foods, suggested it is useful to start with foods such as organic Makolli highlighted bromelain, an enzyme from
such as sugar, refined carbohydrates, vegetable oils and black seed oil, organic black seed, bee pollen or propolis pineapple.
trans-fats from processed foods is also advisable. There in January each year. “It has been shown to relieve hay fever in many
is some evidence to suggest a positive correlation with “This supports the dampening of the non-necessary clinical studies. One study showed that 85 per cent of
high arachidonic acid (AA) intake and the development IgE response associated to allergic rhinitis. Logging participants who took bromelain had complete resolution
of hay fever and other allergic diseases.10 Therefore, nutrients and symptoms can be useful in designing a of breathing difficulties and airway inflammation,” she
some may find limiting foods high in AA (such as meat personalised nutrition regimen,” she explained. explained, adding: “Vitamin C has shown to be a potent
and dairy products) beneficial. Having said that, bone There are some key nutrients that should be immunostimulant and anti-inflammatory supplement. A
broth, made using the bones and cartilage from organic incorporated too. combination of vitamin C with bioflavonoids has shown
grass-fed animals, is believed by many practitioners to Hall suggested: “Although it is well documented that to provide a natural decongestant and help alleviate hay
help support epithelial integrity in the gut (where 70 per vitamin D plays a modulatory role in immune function, fever associated symptoms. B vitamins can be helpful in ➤
Smiling Not Vitamin D Test
Nutriti n
I-Mag
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Although the beneficial
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CNS
supplementation have been Produced in the skin in
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Product
at the height of allergy is instrumental to a multitude
symptoms, it may take time of functions within the human
to influence the gut microflora body; including regulation
balance and elevated immune of the immune system,
responses, especially in the bone density, inflammation and intestinal barrier integrity.
Showcases
adult population. Multi-strain Accurately measuring an individuals’ vitamin D concentration
live bacteria products such as Bio-Kult with 14 live bacterial is crucial, as a growing number of people are deficient in
cultures, may therefore be more effective in hay fever when this nutrient and when sunlight exposure is insufficient,
used as a preventative measure. Hay fever sufferers should it may be necessary to attain it from other sources.
therefore consider supplementing with a multi-strain live CNS uses conventional ELISA technology to determine
bacteria formula on a continual basis year round, or at the very 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels, accurately informing individuals
least in the lead up to the spring and throughout the summer. of their vitamin D status. Contact Cambridge Nutritional
For more information, visit www.bio-kult.com Sciences on 01353 863279 for more information.
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managing histamine production, as all B vitamins are histamine. Then, in human studies, a positive trend for cells lining the GI tract16,” Braye explained.
necessary for the proper functioning of the immune hay fever relief was observed, closely followed by the
system and may help reduce symptoms overall. Vitamin confirmation of seasonal relief from starting Pycnogenol “Although beneficial effects of probiotic
E, a potent antioxidant, has shown to help reduce supplementation prior to the pollen season. In addition, supplementation have been shown even
symptoms of nasal congestion by reducing inflammation further benefits have been reported that include the when commenced at the height of allergy
associated with hay fever. Omega 3 fatty acids can help improvement of airway inflammation,” Hall explained.
symptoms,17 it is hypothesised that they
reduce inflammation in the nasal passages, which can And be aware that there is much that can be done in
open the airways to enable a better breathing capacity advance to avoid such symptoms. may be even more effective when taken
and reduce severity of symptoms.” “Although beneficial effects of probiotic for a period prior to hay fever season as a
Bodenham suggested: “Sulphur is thought to stabilise supplementation have been shown even when preventative measure.”
cell membranes and scavenge hydroxyl free radicals, commenced at the height of allergy symptoms,17 it is
which trigger inflammation. Research suggests that hypothesised that they may be even more effective “Taking a probiotic supplement containing 14 different
supplementing MSM, a sulphur containing compound, at when taken for a period prior to hay fever season as strains may be of benefit to hay fever sufferers, due
a dosage of 2,600 mg/day for 30 days may be effective a preventative measure.17 Hay fever sufferers should to their ability to modify the gut flora, modulate the
in the reduction of symptoms associated with seasonal therefore consider supplementing with a multi-strain immune system and restore a healthy gut lining.16 In
allergic rhinitis.”(14) probiotic formula throughout the year, or at least for a fact, a recent 2017 study found that supplementing with
Bodenham also highlighted vitamin C. month or two before hay fever season, as well as in the a multi-strain probiotic formula, containing lactobacilli
“Exposure to pollens and air pollutants leads to spring and summer itself,” Braye explained. and bifidobacterium species for eight weeks, helped to
the production of reactive oxygen species and the There are also some lifestyle considerations, and other alleviate hay fever symptoms and improved quality of
resultant oxidative stress is thought to be a contributory products to keep on hand. life during allergy season in hay fever sufferers.17 The
factor in inflammation of the airways.(15) Vitamin C is a Wiseberg suggested: “Many people have also found precise mechanisms for the beneficial effects associated
potent antioxidant, as well as a natural anti-histamine, acupuncture to be helpful before the season. And once with supplementation are not entirely clear. However,
appearing to prevent the secretion of histamine and you start to experience the symptoms, you can use an the researchers hypothesised that it might be down to
increase its detoxification.(16,17) Human data testing organic pollen barrier balm, which is proven to trap an increase in regulatory T cells, which help to keep the
the effect of vitamin C on bronchial responsiveness in pollen, and an acupressure band.” immune system in balance and boost tolerance to hay
patients with allergic rhinitis found that administration fever symptoms.”
of 2g of vitamin C significantly decreased airway hyper GUT STRONG Hall added: “Viable bacteria support the immune
responsiveness compared with placebo,” she said.(18) As with so many issues, the health of the gut is function and so upon investigation, it has been reported
And also keep in mind the power of Pycnogenol. absolutely crucial. that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium appear to prevent
“Pycnogenol is a pine bark extract from the pine “The gastrointestinal system plays a central role in allergy recurrences, alleviate the severity of symptoms
forests of Landes De Gascoigne, France. Standardised immune system homeostasis, with the gut-mucosal and improve the quality of life of patients with allergic
to proanthocyanidins, Pycnogenol has shown great lining housing approximately 70 per cent of the body’s rhinitis. It is suggested the effect occurs through immune
efficacy on improving the symptoms of allergic rhinitis. immune cells,11 which are supported and influenced by system modulation and the induction of cytokine
Initially, an in-vitro study confirmed Pycnogenol’s a diverse microflora.15 Our beneficial gut bacteria also production, which cause a dominant TH1 response in
ability to counter the cascade of events that led to play a crucial role in supporting gut barrier function by allergic patients by modulating the TH1/TH2 balance
allergic rhinitis symptoms by blocking the action of helping to maintain tight junctions between epithelial effect.” l
COGNITIVE www.nutritionimag.com
THE
COGNITIVE
CLICK
SWITCH
E FOR With so many factors contributing to
HER
REFERENCES
an increased risk of cognitive decline,
Nutrition I-mag presents an essential
guide to understanding the brain.
C
ognitive deficiencies can begin mildly, and for without MCIs. condition that is discussed is dementia, something that
some, don’t actually progress much beyond this. “Generally speaking, symptoms include forgetting is becoming a greater issue if the stats are anything to
But for other sections of the population, they can important information that would previously have go by.
move onto other more serious issues, such as dementia, easily have been retained, for example, remembering “Globally, the number of people living with dementia
speech difficulties and mental agility. All of these future appointments, recalling past conversations or is on the increase, from 46.8m back in 2015 to 131.5m
problems can have other linked issues, such as loss of recent events (known as amnestic MCI) or thinking skills predicted in 2050, resulting in a 281 per cent increase.
interest in life, lack of independence and isolation, and so may also be affected, including the ability to make In the UK, there are currently 850,000 people estimated
when trying to assess a client with cognitive deficiencies, sound decisions, judge the time or sequence of steps to be living with dementia. As expected, these numbers
there are a great many factors to take in account. to compete a complex task or, or visual perception are also predicted to rise,” Nunn commented.
Isabelle Nunn, Technical and Commercial Nutritionist (non-amnestic MCI). The ability to multitask is also We need to understand dementia – and the fact there
at Kinetic, confirmed: “An individual suffering from mild diminished. are so many different forms – to be able to understand
cognitive impairment is at higher risk of developing clients and their needs.
conditions like Alzheimer’s disease or another form of “Globally, the number of people living Aimee Benbow, Technical Manager at Viridian
dementia. Issues related to cognitive decline include with dementia is on the increase, from Nutrition, explained: “Dementia describes a set of
a loss of memory, thinking speed, mental agility, symptoms that can include memory loss and difficulties
46.8m back in 2015 to 131.5m predicted
judgement, language and understanding. With those with thinking and problem solving. Alzheimer’s disease
changes, there is sometimes a gradual loss of interest in in 2050, resulting in a 281 per cent is the most common neurodegenerative disease that
life, experiencing hallucinations, a loss of independence, increase. In the UK, there are currently causes dementia in the elderly. Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
as well as the ability and interest in socialising. 850,000 people estimated to be living is characterised by increased abnormal levels of amyloid
“In general, it begins with cognitive deficiencies, plaques, which disrupt normal cell function and cause
with dementia. As expected, these
which progress to impaired orientation and disordered death to neurons in the brain. This eventually leads to
behaviour, with a loss of independence. Alzheimer’s numbers are also predicted to rise.” overall shrinkage of the brain.
should be suspected in people of 55 years or older “As the ageing population increases, the prevalence
who present with deterioration of short-term memory, “MCI stems from shrinking of the frontal lobe, of AD has increased globally and AD has become one
personality changes, and atypical mood changes. Such especially the prefrontal cortex, the medial temporal of the leading causes of disability and death among the
changes should be taken seriously in anyone older than lobe, especially the hippocampus and the cerebellum, elderly. An update by dementia UK shows that there
40.” though this appears to only occur in ageing males. Brain will be 850,000 people living with dementia in the UK
Dr Elisabeth Philipps PhD, Nutritional Therapist, who white matter also degrades, leading to disorganised by 2015 and that dementia costs the UK £26 billion a
manages practitioner training for Nutrigold, added: brain networks, with declining levels of inhibitory yeari.”
“Cognitive decline causes slight but noticeable and neurotransmitter GABA and also dopamine, both Phillipps also advised: “Age is the biggest factor
measurable decline in cognitive abilities, including important for learning and memory. If you have MCI, in developing MCI and dementias, though there are
memory and thinking skills. During the early stages, you may also experience depression, anxiety, apathy, also familial history traits in some cases. Gender may
these changes are not severe enough to interfere with irritability and aggression.” also play a role, with 65 per cent of people living with
life or independent function but people with MCI dementia (estimated at 850,0001) in UK being women2.
(mild cognitive impairment) are more likely to develop FOCUS ON DEMENTIA Cortisol levels have also been linked to brain health with
Alzheimer’s disease or other dementias than people When referring to cognitive decline, the most common chronic stress.”3
include age, gender and familial history. However, there prospective study highlighted that regular exercise is
are many modifiable risk factors that can combine to associated in a delay in the onset of AD in those over the
affect cognitive health, including: age of 65 yearsv.”
◼ Diet, alcohol, gut microbiota.
◼ Nutrient status, for example, low vitamin D levels SAFEGUARDING COGNITION
◼ Health status, for example, cardiometabolic risk factors Prevention, of course, is the approach we should take
increase risk of MCI and dementias, including diabetes with all areas of our health, but this is particularly true
mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, metabolic with regard to maintaining the health and function of
syndrome, obesity, vascular disease, high homocysteine. the brain.
◼ Lifestyle and activity, for example, insomnia, “Working on these modifiable risk factors can help
obstructive sleep apnoea, chronic stress, sedentary to safeguard the brain and reduce the risk of cognitive
behaviour, social isolation. decline with age. Maintaining a healthy weight, with a
◼ Environment, for example, medications and toxin good diet rich in fruit and vegetables, with little or no
exposure. processed foods, taking part in regular physical activity
“On a whole-systems level, these risk factors combine and quitting smoking are all good preventative actions
to translate into chronic inflammation, aberrant to ensure the long-term health of the brain,” Benbow
hormonal patterns and brain vascular changes affecting explained.
neurotransmitter levels, cognitive processing, regional Nunn added: “From a more clinical perspective,
brain structure and function.” essentially, since there are no cures for Alzheimer’s,
So, what risk factors do you need to be aware of in And Benbow continued: “There are a number of there are ways that can help prevent it, slow its
terms of why people develop dementia? modifiable risk factors which are associated with progression or reduce symptom severity, especially
Nunn explained: “About a third of a person’s risk cognitive decline and dementia. Smoking is connected in its early stages. Overall, potential therapeutic
of developing Alzheimer’s disease may be due to with a large number of degenerative diseases and targets include enhancing cholinergic transmission,
modifiable lifestyle factors, according to reports from the same is true for dementia. A meta-analysis of restrictive oxidative stress and inflammation, prevention
the University of Cambridge. Looking at Alzheimer’s prospective studies in the American Journal of of B-amyloid formation and toxicity and elevating
disease, although several associations have been found, Epidemiology found that elderly smokers have circulating levels of oestrogens and other neurotrophic
only four risk factors were then set. These were namely increased risks of dementia and cognitive declineii. This agents, such as nerve growth factor.”
increasing age, the presence of apolipoprotein E-epsilon is likely due to the hardening of the arteries and toxins And Nunn also pointed towards the below factors to
4 allele, familial aggregation of cases and Down found in cigarettes. take into account in terms of diet and lifestyle factors.
Syndrome (McDowell, 2001). The epsilon 4 allele of “High blood pressure (hypertension) and ◼ “Stimulation of the brain: Keeping the brain active
the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) on chromosome 19 atherosclerosis has also been linked to cognitive decline is very important to engage the maintenance and
is regarded as a true susceptibility factor for the onset including ADiii and hypertensive treatment is associated development on new neuronal pathways, be it a regular
of the late and prevalent form of Alzheimer’s disease. with a reduced incidence of dementia in the elderlyiv. game of scrabble, or backgammon or even learning a
There is a genetic component in the development of Inactivity, or lack of physical activity, is also considered new language.
Alzheimer’s.” a risk factor in dementia. Exercise improves blood ◼ Smoking and alcohol: Alcohol in large amounts
Phillipps added: “Major non-modifiable risk factors circulation, which is important for cognitive health. A can affect the health of our brain cells and the
communication between these. Heavy drinking, as well can make modifiable changes to the ageing process, synaptic plasticity, with either potential protective
as smoking, should be avoided. support healthy balance of gut microbiota and keep or unfortunately, detrimental effects on neuronal
◼ Obesity: The lack of physical activity accounts for the inflammation under control. In fact, around a third of a physiology,” Nunn confirmed.
largest proportion of Alzheimer’s cases in the UK, Europe person’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease may be
and in the UK. So, aim to move as often as possible, even due to modifiable lifestyle factors.4 For example, two “Starting these changes early (aged
if it is for short bursts of time, aiming for that target of studies of 3,400 people followed their sleep patterns
30-40) will support long-term healthy
10,000 steps and more on a daily basis. Exercising with for more than two decades and those who suffered from
friends has shown to be useful, especially when the nightmares and insomnia in middle age were more likely cognitive neural networks and brain
motivation is low and will help keep the activity fun to experience cognitive impairments in old age5,” she health. A personalised lifestyle approach,
and sociable. Physical activity in whichever way you explained. rather than just relying on drug
go about it, will help to also keep the other risk factors “To improve sleep quality and the other modifiable
at bay (i.e. blood pressure and diabetes). The aim is to MCI risk factors, consider dietary changes – reduce
monotherapies, is more appropriate
achieve 30 minutes of moderate activity at least five refined sugars and processed foods, increase vegetable to supporting the many biochemical
times a week and two sessions of muscle strengthening intake, minimise caffeine and alcohol, keep hydrated, pathways and mechanisms that underpin
per week. lifestyle changes – daily activity including aerobic and healthy brain function.”
◼ Exercise to help lose weight or maintain a stable resistance training, stop smoking, manage stress, for
weight will reduce your risk of obesity, high blood example. meditation and mindfulness. And Phillipps advised: “Processed foods and those
pressure and diabetes. It will also reduce the risk “Starting these changes early (aged 30-40) will high in saturated fats and refined sugar, chronic
of cardiovascular disease and vascular dementia in support long-term healthy cognitive neural networks caffeine and or/soda consumption7 and alcohol can
particular. and brain health. A personalised lifestyle approach, all impair short and long-term brain function, affect
◼ Blood pressure and diabetes: Must be kept under rather than just relying on drug monotherapies, is neurotransmitter levels and damage neuronal networks.
control as they are associated with a higher risk of more appropriate to supporting the many biochemical Numerous studies now demonstrate a link between
dementia. pathways and mechanisms that underpin healthy brain pro-inflammatory foods and diets and the increased risk
◼ Elimination of neurotoxins, especially with respect function. of developing MCI and dementias.8 In part, this is due to
to sporadic or non-familial Alzheimer’s disease (in the health of the gut and the interaction between the
addition to, of course, reducing inflammation) should NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTION gut microbiota and brain function.
be considered. Aluminum is a neurotoxin linked to More and more research is confirming the power of “There are some very interesting studies that
dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, autism and Parkinson’s nutrition for the brain, particularly in reducing the risk of demonstrate this key link between diet and cognitive
disease. Therefore, avoiding the presence of aluminum developing cognition problems. impairment, where consumption of a Western Diet
in deodorants, in pans, in materials used at home, “Nutrition plays a crucial role in brain health, where (WD) that is high in saturated fat and added sugars
drinking bottled or filtered water may help. Aluminum is adequate dietary intakes, as well as nutritional status, negatively impacts cognitive function, particularly
also present in some food, medications, such as antacids both have important effects on brain functioning. mnemonic processes that rely on the integrity of the
and even baby formula. Watch out for its presence in Research shows how the energy intake and specific hippocampus9,10. This also has huge implications for
prepacked/ready-made meals.” nutrient’s excess or deficiency obtained from the younger generations and the prevalence projections of
Phillipps pointed towards the importance of sleep. diet will differently affect our cognitive processes, dementia in the UK – 850,000 cases of dementia in the
“We can’t do much about advancing years but we behaviour, neuro-endocrine functions, emotions and UK, rising to one million cases in 2020 and two million
cases in 205011.” (DHA), the fatty acids which are depleted in the brains of
Antioxidants are absolutely critical when it comes to the patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Omega 3 fatty acids in
brain, for multiple reasons, and these should be a focus, the form of DHA help to maintain normal brain function,
say the experts. with a daily consumption of at least 250mg (EU Nutrition
“Foods rich in antioxidants aid brain health by quelling And Health Claims, 2015). A serving of salmon fillet can
free radicals which the body naturally produces which, in provide you with up to 240mg, vary your sources of oily
turn, can have damaging, oxidative effects on the body. fish to contribute to your general intake.”
Research has shown that those low in plasma levels of Benbow added: “Diet and nutrition are essential factors
vitamin E, a fat-soluble antioxidant, have a higher risk of in cognitive health. Good fats including omega 3 fatty
developing dementia in later yearsvi.” acids and, in particular, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), play
Nunn added: “Antioxidants include food sources of a key role in the structure of the brain and the ability of
vitamin C and E as these helps to protect our body the cells to communicate. Plasma levels of DHA have
cells from oxidative stress and keeps them healthy. been linked to dementia risk with those in the higher
Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between quartile being at a reduced risk of the disease .”
the production of harmful unstable molecules, called In addition to this, opting for anti-inflammatory foods is
free radicals, and the body’s ability to counteract those. crucial.
It can be caused by stress, medication, our diet and the “Anti-inflammatory diets high in vegetables and low
environmental pollution, amongst other things. It is, diet packed with antioxidants. A placebo controlled in refined carbohydrates, rich in essential fats and
therefore, important to include plenty of those nutrient clinical trial of 2000IU of vitamin E given daily to lean protein. Dr Dale Bredesen is leading the way in
dense foods, also termed as antioxidants, in the diet, to patients with moderate Alzheimer’s disease showed that understanding the role the diet and nutrition plays in
counteract those harmful effects. vitamin E helped to slow down functional deterioration reversing cognitive impairment and even Alzheimer’s
“Vitamin C food sources also help to support the normal (Grundman, 2000; Mecocci, P. and Polidori, M.2012),” disease and dementias12,” Phillipps explained.
functioning of the nervous system. (EU Nutrition And Nunn pointed out. “This protocol advocates frequent consumption of
Health Claims, 2015). Antioxidant levels are also very high Understanding the importance of lipids is also vegetables, including cruciferous vegetables, onions,
in some superfoods, such as matcha green tea, purple advisable when working in this area. sweet potatoes, beetroot, some fruits, including grapefruit
corn, acai berry, maqui berry, and purple cabbage, amongst “Swapping types of fats from saturated and trans-fats and avocado, olive oil, MCT (coconut oil), organic pasture
others. Longitudinal and cross-sectional comparisons of to an intake of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated raised eggs, green tea and wild caught fish; reducing
442 subjects showed that higher levels of ascorbic acid fats is associated with a lower risk of developing consumption of coffee, meat, legumes, nightshade
and beta-carotene plasma levels are associated with dementia. Replace deep fried food, processed foods, vegetables, non-tropical fruits like berries and starchy veg
better memory performance in people aged 65 and older. which can contain trans-fats, and cut down on the like peas; and avoid dairy, high glycaemic fruits, gluten,
Dietary antioxidants also include peppers, citrus fruits, saturated fats like butter and ghee. Replace all these grains, high mercury fish, processed foods and simple
cantaloupe, squash, and pineapple.” with organic coconut oil for any cooking involving high carbohydrates.”
An antioxidant-rich supplement may well be advisable. heat, and olive oil, hempseed oil, flaxseed oil and other
“Vitamin C supplementation (2000mg, carotenoids cold pressed organic oils for drizzling on food,” Nunn GO FOR THE MED
(25 000IU retinol equivalents) and vitamin E can further advised. There are countless studies on the positive impact of the
help to boost ‘free radical scavenging’, in addition to a “Fish is a good source of docosahexaenoic acids Mediterranean diet, with many focusing on the brain. But
why? our levels are reduced and that CoQ10 also helps to Benbow explained.
Nunn explained: “The Mediterranean diet is a well- protect neurons from harmful free radicals so may be of ◼ Probiotics: Phillipps recommended: “Gut support
accepted and proven diet, with essential components support.” through Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria probiotics and
that can help delay the onset of cognitive decline such as ◼ B vitamins: “B vitamins, including vitamin B12, should Saccharomyces boulardii.”
Alzheimer’s (Perng et al.2016). Packed with antioxidants, be checked, especially if you follow a vegetarian or vegan
natural and wholefood ingredients, healthy fats, plenty diet,” Phillips explained. INTERESTING RESEARCH
of fibre from legumes, vegetables and fruits, it is also a ◼ Lion’s mane: A mushroom that can help stimulate and The body of evidence around the brain and its connection
diet that is higher in seafood and fish than animal-based nourish the Nerve Growth Factor. “The Nerve Growth with diet and lifestyle continues to grow.
protein sources. Olive oil is a staple in their cuisine and Factor (NGF) is a neuropeptide that acts as a neurotrophin, So, what do the experts pinpoint as some of the most
the active compounds found in olives have shown to chemicals that help to stimulate and control neurogenesis interesting developing areas?
exert protective effects. (Lourida et al.2013). or the growth of new neurons. NGF essentially plays a “Latest research looks into the role of the diversity of
“A diet with high levels of vitamins B6, B12 and key role in the maintenance, survival and regeneration our microbiome in brain health and diversity. Research
folate and a moderate intake of red wine appear to of neurons or nerve cells. NGF gene therapy has been looks into populations who are exposed to a higher
be protective. And healthy amounts of saturated fat studied as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diversity of bacteria all around them, from when in utero
obtained from coconut oil (Perng et al.2016), oily disorders such as Alzheimer’s,” Nunn advised. through to being adults,” Nunn highlighted.
fish, avocado, olive oil, nuts and seeds. Coconut oil, in ◼ Gingko biloba: “A herb that has shown to exert an effect “These individuals are at lower risk of hyperimmune
particular, is a rich source of beta-HBA and is known on memory through its action on enhancing memory and or auto-immune situations, and inflammatory markers
to be the brain’s superfuel (Perlmutter, 2018). When mental alertness by improving cerebral circulation, as well are commonly reduced in those individuals. This, in turn,
consuming meat, aim for grass-fed and organic in as acting as ‘antioxidants’,” Nunn explained. results from a lower brain-barrier permeability, as Dr
moderation. Cows fed with grains instead of grass have ◼ Vitamin D: Levels should be checked, Nunn advised, Perlmutter points out, and the ability of several things,
meat that becomes higher in inflammation producing and corrected, especially if at a pre-disposed risk of such as fungi or the herpes simplex virus, to get to the
omega 6 fats than their grass-fed counterparts. In dementia. brain.
addition, the corn and grain fed to cattle is often ◼ Phosphatidylserine: “Phosphatidylserine is a “Living in a modern western world also means more
genetically modified, and unfortunately, it then phospholipid and an important compound in the antiseptics, antibiotics, cleaning agents and so on.
introduces worrisome proteins into non-grass-fed meat.” cell membrane. It is this structure which allows the Lowering haemoglobin A 1c and therefore the process of
correct cell assembly and signaling, which is essential glycation has also been found to be useful in nurturing
THE RIGHT RECOMMENDATIONS in the environment of the brain. This phospholipid is the microbiome and in Alzheimer’s disease. This is
If you are highlighting a nutritional programme to a client naturally found in high concentrations in the brain and is because it is the process of glycating proteins that
to safeguard cognition, there are some key product areas obtained from foods such as fish but can be found as a increases inflammation and free radical production.
to highlight. supplement,” Benbow suggested. Besides the environment we live in, our diets also depict
◼ Essential fats: Phillipps suggested: “Essential fatty ◼ Ashwagandha: Known as a ‘Medhya Rasayan’, or the amount of exposure to bacteria we have since a young
acids in terms of omega 3 EPA and DHA, which can be mind rejuvenator, in Ayurveda, ashwagandha is used in age and this affects future generations. The diversity
found in high potency fish oils or krill oil.” enhancing memory and overall brain functioning. “Modern of our microbiome can be influenced through our diet,
◼ Coenzyme Q10: Nunn explained: “More research is studies have indicated important brain antioxidant, environment and if needed the intake of specific strains of
yet to be found that looks into the effect of CoQ10 in neuro-protective, and memory-enhancing activity of live bacteria to support our levels, while also repairing and
cognitive decline. We do know that as we age naturally, ashwagandha and its active components, withanolidesviii,” healing the gut.” l
FERTILITY www.nutritionimag.com
I
t’s a concerning statistic that at
least 25 per cent of couples will
struggle to conceive, with the
average time taken to fall pregnant
now being recorded at more than one
year. The reasons for this are certainly
mixed, but what is generally agreed by
experts is that modern lifestyles, the
fact that couples leave it later to have
a family these days, and our nutrient
depleted states all play a part.
Dr Marilyn Glenville PhD is the UK’s
CLICK
E FOR leading Nutritionist specialising in
HER
REFERENCES women’s health, former President
of the Food and Health Forum at the
Royal Society of Medicine and the
author of a number of internationally
best-selling books, including Getting
Pregnant Faster. She commented:
Resolving conception issues “At least 25 per cent of couples
can be complex and requires planning a baby will have trouble
a multi-faceted approach. conceiving, with one in four women
experiencing a miscarriage and more
Here, leading experts in the field and more couples are turning to
discuss the options. fertility treatments to help them have
a family. On average, young couples
FERTILITY
can expect to wait an average of three
years before conceiving, and, as a
result, very few doctors will consider
a diagnosis of infertility until after at
least a year has passed.
“Over the past 20 years, fertility
FACT-FINDING
problems have increased dramatically.
Also, male infertility is said to be on
the increase as sperm counts have
reduced by 53 per cent in the last 50
years. As infertility rates continue to climb, more and “The ability to have a child is taken for granted by surrounding the IVF industry.
more experts are looking at nutritional deficiencies as a most people and by society in general, but one person “A report into the IVF market forecasts that the
potential cause of infertility or delayed conception.” in six will not conceive on their own and seek help to global market is expected to garner $21.6bn by 2020,
Fertility expert, Zita West, added: “NHS figures achieve a pregnancyi.” registering a growth rate of 11.6 per cent during the
suggest around one in seven people have fertility issues period 2013-2020. Rising rate of infertility is the key
in the UK. It can take up to a year of having regular, “As infertility rates continue to factor driving the growth of the IVF market,” Whitney
unprotected sex to fall pregnant, so anything longer pointed out. “On the basis of geographical region,
climb, more and more experts are
than this and couples should seek advice. I am definitely the global IVF market is segmented as North America,
seeing more couples coming to me with problems, and looking at nutritional deficiencies as a Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle-East and
especially in younger couples. Stress and lifestyle play potential cause of infertility or delayed Africa. Europe commanded the highest share of 37.0 per
a huge role in fertility, and I think the work hard/play conception.” cent of the global in-vitro fertilization market in 2015,
hard attitude many people have can cause issues. Stress whereas Asia-Pacific is estimated to grow at the highest
seems to be on the rise for so many people now and this When we are examining the issues that hinder our CAGR of 18.40 per cent during the forecast period
wreaks havoc with hormone levels in both sexes.” fertility, we need to discuss the couple. Men and women 2015-2020iii,iv, .”
Jenny Hall, Nutritional Therapist and Technical are affected almost equally, with 30 per cent due to
Services Assistant at Viridian Nutrition, pointed out: male factors, 30 per cent due to female factors. The BARRIERS TO CONCEPTION
“In the UK, the average age of the first conception was other 40 per cent is often due to a mixture of problems, The first investigation to take place if dealing with
29 years in 2013, compared to 27 years just two years or is referred to as ‘unexplained’ii. Conception and fertility issues is around what might be blocking a
earlier (2011). Although this is an area of personal pregnancy are complicated processes that depend upon woman from falling pregnant.
choice, it is suggested that often fertility awareness a number of factors, including: “Fertility is multi-factorial, so it is important to look
is low, possibly due to poor understanding of the ◼ The production of healthy sperm by the man. at every aspect of the couple’s health, emotions and
reproductive cycle and fertility.” ◼ Healthy eggs produced by the woman. lifestyle. So, diet, stress, alcohol and smoking can all
◼ Unblocked fallopian tubes that allow the sperm to have an impact on fertility for both the man and woman.
DEFINING ‘INFERTILITY’ reach the egg. A growing number of women are waiting until their
It is a term commonly used, and couples may describe ◼ The sperm’s ability to fertilise the egg when they meet careers are established before they try to conceive, so
themselves as infertile, when in fact they are struggling and its DNA quality. this can make conception more difficult,” Dr Glenville
to conceive. ◼ The ability of the fertilised egg (embryo) to become pointed out.
Mark Whitney, Nutritional Expert, Academic Advisor implanted in the woman’s uterus. “If a couple has a combination of four negative
to the Irish Institute of Nutrition & Health and Managing ◼ Sufficient embryo quality.” lifestyle factors (including tea/coffee, smoking and
Director at Pillar Healthcare, explained: “The World Penny Shaw, a student Nutritional Therapist, who alcohol) it can take a couple seven times longer to get
Health Organization defines infertility as the inability works at G&G Vitamins, continued: “Cohort studies pregnant1.”
to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. show that women born in 1971 showed a higher level of West pinpointed five issues that come up time and
Infertility can be primary (before the birth of a child) or childlessness than those born in 1944. There is evidence time again in clinic.
secondary (after the birth of one or more children). One to suggest that male infertility has been diminishing by ◼ “Only having sex during the ovulation period: Some
in every four couples in developing countries have been two per cent each year. couples try to ‘save up’ sperm for the ovulation period,
found to be affected by infertility. That rates are on the rise is evidenced in data and then barely have any sex at all through the month.
having sex multiple times a day or even every single day with a BMI greater than 30 have up to 68 per cent
could cause ‘burnout,’ and the couple may begin to view less chance to have a live birth following their first
sex as little more than a pre-ovulatory chore which does ‘assisted reproductive technology’ cycle compared with
nothing to aid conception. women with a BMI less than 30. Equally, low BMI and
◼ Neglecting your own health and wellbeing: To underweight individuals are suggested to be associated
maximise fertility, it’s important to make nutritional with lower pregnancy rates.”
and lifestyle assessments of both your diets, work-life
balance, your relationship, and also knowledge and UNDERLYING ISSUES
awareness of your own fertility. Mind, body, emotional Whitney believes we need to look more at an overall
and psychological factors, such as stress levels or poor plan, rather than pre-conception alone
diet and how you are managing them can all adversely “The peri-conceptional period, and throughout
affect your chances of conception. Hormonal balance is pregnancy and lactation, should be viewed as a
so important when it comes to fertility, and all of these continuum; too often these three stages are treated and
cause huge issues on hormone levels within the body. discussed separately from both a scientific and a public
◼ Not getting help soon enough: No one wants to admit health perspective. We should attribute equal weight
they may have a problem, but if you are aged 30 or over to each nutrient and ensure that our dietary plans,
Whilst it’s true that you’re most fertile during this time, and have been trying to conceive for more than a year, protocols and supplements cater to the requirement of
you can still try to conceive every two or three days then it’s best to seek medical advice. Many couples also the individual, and not to any specific nutrient hierarchy
regularly throughout the month to maximise your wrongly assume that the woman may have a problem, that we have imposed. In this vein, I would look to
chances. when, in fact, in 15 per cent of couples it will be solely consume a range of foods from a broad and diverse
◼ Mistiming ovulation: If you have an ovulation a male fertility problem and in around 25 per cent there nutritional protocol, whilst looking to ensure that any
predictor kit, or if you’re charting your basal body will be a problem with both partners.” supplement regime is supplying a full spectrum of
temperature or using the calendar method to try to Jenny Bodenham BA(Hons), Dip.ION, Nutritional nutrients at effective dosages,” he explained.
identify ovulation, you may think it makes sense to have Therapist at Higher Nature, added: “Whilst research But most importantly, he said, it should be an
sex the day of ovulation – but that may be too late. After indicates that older couples are more likely to be individualised approach.
ovulation, the egg can be fertilised for only about 24 unable to conceive, factors other than age, such “Every nutritional therapist will have a different
hours. If you’re wrong about ovulation, you’ll have to as stress, obesity/metabolic syndrome, endocrine approach. That approach can be tailored to the
wait to try again the next month. Also, as sperm has the imbalance, nutritional deficiencies, oxidative stress and individual and their needs, as each person is different.
potential to survive for up to 24-48 hours, it is highly environmental and dietary toxins are all thought to play In my experience whilst I was practicing nutritional
recommended for you to have sex on alternate days four their part in affecting the chances of conception.” therapy, I keep asking myself the question, why? I asked
to six days prior to ovulation and continue doing so for And Hall advised: “Obesity is known for its association this of myself in respect to nutrition, anatomy and
another four to six days after it. with health conditions, such as diabetes and heart physiology and I asked this of the person,” he explained.
◼ Having too much sex: Some couples assume that disease, yet less commonly debated, obesity is also “I also focused on three key aspects. They are diet
conceiving is a simple formula; the more sex you have, linked to infertility. Epidemiological data suggest and supplementation, lifestyle and their mental health.
the easier and sooner you’ll conceive. But more isn’t that obesity accounts for six per cent of primary Nothing can be accomplished if one’s mental health
always better. If it’s for reproductive purposes alone, infertility. Unfortunately, data also show that patients is the barrier. Obviously, I am not a psychologist, but ➤
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we can be supportive of this. Their lifestyle has to be systems. It becomes apparent that important systems, increase.
supportive of their health and health goals. The WHO such as the endocrine system, can be affected by correct “Put the emphasis on a healthy diet, with good
recommend that strategies for tackling chronic diseases nutrition but it needs time and six months is not an amounts of vegetables and also fruit, with particular
shift away from reactive acute health care toward unreasonable amount of time, especially when several emphasis on the vegetables. Male fertility research is
promotion, prevention and control, with interventions to years of nutritional abuse lie behind the problem. Unless now focusing on antioxidants so the amount of different
address both the underlying causes and to reduce the the nutritional requirements of the body are specifically coloured fruits and vegetables we can incorporate into
development of chronic conditions and complications catered for, it is highly unlikely that full health can be the diet is important,” Dr Glenville recommended.
for people at high risk or with established chronic expected’,” Whitney explained. “Eat unrefined carbohydrates, go for organic food
disease. How we choose to live our lives and the So, what specifically should you be aware of? where possible, include oily fish, nuts and seeds and
decisions we make will benefit or impair our health. “Dietary factors can have a huge impact on fertility. avoid or reduce added sugar in foods and drinks. Eating
Then, our main role is to make sure that there are It has been reported that trans fats in the diet are the right type of fats is particularly important for fertility.
no dietary deficiencies, no repercussions from the related to reduced fertility, whilst omega 3 essential Just small increases in the consumption of trans fats
diet we consume and using nutritional supplements fatty acids have the opposite relationship. Furthermore, can double the risk of anovulatory infertility. Also, for
appropriately to supplement our diets.” micronutrient deficiencies can reduce fertility; of problems with ovulation like PCOS, substituting just five
Dr Glenville continued: “I would suggest that couples upmost importance appear to be folate, vitamin B12 and per cent of the calorie intake as vegetable protein rather
see a Nutritional Therapist if they have not conceived vitamin D for female reproduction, plus zinc for male than animal protein reduces the risk of not ovulating by
within six months of trying. They should also be seeing reproduction,” Hall explained. 50 per cent.”2
a reproductive medicine specialist, especially if the Shaw added: “General, all round macro and micro Bodenham continued: “Plenty of colourful antioxidant-
woman is over 35, in order to rule out any medical nutrients are deficient. Most researched nutrient rich fruits and vegetables, such as kale, spinach, Brussels
reason that they are not conceiving, for example, deficiencies can be iron and folic acid. Other sprouts, broccoli, green, red and yellow peppers,
blocked fallopian tubes. With nutrition, the aim is to deficiencies can be B6, zinc, magnesium essential fatty tomatoes, carrots, berries and oranges. Protein-rich
check for any nutritional deficiencies and also to look acids and protein. Both men and women could benefit foods, such as chicken, turkey, eggs, fish, nuts, seeds
at other issues, such as adrenal stress and digestive from a general multivitamin. Men could benefit from and legumes, which provide important amino acids as
problems, which would affect absorption of nutrients.” zinc, selenium, L-Carnitine, vitamin C, 5-MTHF, B12 in well as a host of vitamins, minerals and essential fats,
particular. Women could benefit from 5-MTHF, zinc, B6, complex carbohydrates, such as wholegrains, including
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIES B12, vitamin C, selenium, and magnesium, in particular.” brown rice, oats and wholemeal bread to provide fibre
The effect of nutritional deficiencies can be huge when and important nutrients, such as magnesium, selenium,
it comes to a couple conceiving and many experts EATING FOR CONCEPTION chromium and B vitamins, and oily fish, nuts, seeds
advise this is the cornerstone of addressing fertility In terms of what to cut out, Bodenham recommended: and their oils provide the omega 3 and 6 essential fatty
issues. “Avoid trans fats, which interfere with the essential fatty acids.”
“Any nutritional deficiency can impair our fertility. acid pathways and may increase the risk of anovulatory West highlighted the importance of both iodine and
The late great Dr. David Smallbone, M.B., Ch.B., L.R.C.P., infertility, artificial sweeteners, additives, preservatives choline for conception.
M.R.C.S., M.F. Hom., F.C.O.H., a former President of the and chemicals, alcohol (studies suggest a negative effect “The best source of choline is eggs, especially, egg
Food & Health Section of the Royal Society of Medicine on fertility levels for both partners(3)), caffeine, refined yolk. Many women can be deficient in choline so it’s
(UK) once stated: ‘I believe that providing adequate sugar,” she explained. necessary to include it in your diet as it’s needed for
nutritional materials can and does influence the body And then the focus should turn on the right foods to early foetal development,” she explained, adding:
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“Foods such as samphire are a really good source of on couple fertility revealed that polychlorinated biphenyls
iodine, which is vital for the thyroid and ovaries.” had the greatest effect on both male and female infertility. ZINC
Shaw added: “Optimise nutritional status, increase Subsequently, persistent environmental pollutants were “Low zinc status is believed to be an important risk
fruit and vegetable quantity per day, unoxidised poly found in semen, follicular fluid, and genital tract fluid, thus factor for low sperm quality and idiopathic male
unsaturated fatty acids in nuts, seeds, fish, 0.8-1g suggesting a role in reduced fertility in both sexes.” infertility(21),” Bodenham explained. “Found in high
of protein per KG of body weight and a diet high in concentrations in both the male reproductive organs
antioxidants.” FOLIC ACID and sperm, zinc supplementation is thought to improve
One of the best-known nutrients for couples planning sperm count and testosterone concentration, as well
CUT THE TOXINS a child is folic acid, and its importance must not be as playing a role in antioxidant status and folate
As already discussed, what you put in your body can have underestimated. absorption(22).
a huge impact on health, and consequently, the body’s Hall explained: “The Scientific Advisory Committee “In women, zinc plays a vital role in hormone
ability to conceive. on Nutrition have lobbied for the mandatory folic acid regulation, egg production and the maintenance of
“Caffeine can be an issue for fertility as it is known that fortification of flour since 2006. It was reported that a sub- proper follicular fluid levels. Low levels of zinc are
having four cups of a caffeinated drink a day makes it optimal folate status is associated with neural tube defects thought to cause DNA damage and research on the
26 per cent less likely that a woman will conceive3 and and so fortification of common foods, such as bread, role of zinc and copper in pregnancy suggests that
drinking only two cups of coffee (200mg of caffeine) were deemed a viable option that would support folate maternal deficiency of one or both trace elements may
a day is associated with a 25 per cent increased risk status without supplementation in those who may have be associated with the occurrence of spontaneous
of miscarriage.4 And problems with sperm health are sub-optimal levels. Consequently, countries that have abortion(23).”
connected with increased coffee intake5,” Dr Glenville implemented folic acid fortification have experienced Another mineral, selenium, is important, with
explained. large reductions in the incidence of neural tube defects. Hall commenting: “Selenium is reported as a key
“Alcohol will also make it more difficult for the woman Furthermore, it was observed that women undergoing mineral required for normal sperm production
to get pregnant6 and that applies to the man too. Alcohol ‘assisted reproductive technologies’ had significantly (spermatogenesis) and plays an essential role in the
can lower sperm counts and will also block the body’s greater successful live births when serum folic acid and generation of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione
ability to absorb fertility boosting nutrients like zinc. It vitamin B12 status were greater than average.” peroxidase. A study combining 400IU vitamin E with
can also cause abnormalities in the head of the sperm, Bodenham added: “Folic acid is, however, not the only 200mcg selenium for 100 days in infertile men found
which is important for healthy fertilisation.7 B vitamin that is important during the pre-conceptual significant improvements in semen quality and motility
“A woman is twice as likely to get pregnant if she period; vitamin B6 is crucial for hormone balance and B12 and therefore improved pregnancy rates.”
doesn’t smoke compared to a woman who does.8 And is thought to help improve low sperm counts(7). B vitamins
smoking is linked to an increased risk of miscarriage.9 We and folic acid also support healthy homocysteine levels – woman’s ability to get and stay pregnant. One of the
know that chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage DNA raised homocysteine has been associated with pregnancy immune antibodies measured is called antiphospholipid
in sperm, which can make it harder to conceive because complications and miscarriage(8).” antibodies (APAs). These blood-clotting antibodies can
fertilisation can’t take place or if it is does, it can increase prevent implantation and cause recurrent miscarriage by
the risk of a miscarriage as nature will always work on ESSENTIAL FATS attacking the cells that build the placenta.
survival of the fittest. abnormal).” Dr Glenville explained: “The omega 3 fatty acids have “The medical treatment for this is blood thinners
Other toxins are also a concern, as Hall explained: “An far reaching effects for both male and female fertility. like aspirin and heparin. But research has shown that
investigation into the effect of environmental pollutants Sometimes, immune problems may be affecting a omega 3 fish oil given to 22 women with APAs who ➤
➤
already had three or more miscarriages went on to sperm count compared to a placebo11.”
have 23 pregnancies (one woman has twins) without a
miscarriage.10 Omega 3 fatty acids are also important for COQ10
male fertility because semen is rich in prostaglandins, Coenzyme Q10 is another hugely important
which are produced from these omega 3 fatty acids. consideration.
Men with poor sperm quality, abnormal sperm, poor “Coenzyme Q10 is a vitamin-like substance that is
motility or low count, can have inadequate levels of contained in nearly every cell of the body. It is important
these beneficial prostaglandins and by supplementing for energy production and normal carbohydrate
with omega 3 fish oils there was a significant increase in metabolism. Because of its role in energy production, it
is a significant nutrient for men if sperm motility is poor.
VITAMIN D Coenzyme Q10 is concentrated in the mitochondrial
Vitamin D is critical here. mid-piece of the sperm and provides energy for
“Seventy per cent of men and women tested at movement and all other energy-dependent processes in
our clinic have less than optimum levels of vitamin the sperm cell depend on it,” Dr Glenville explained. in the function of spermatozoa, therefore enhancing the
D, and this plays a critical role in reproductive health. “For women, it is now thought that coenzyme Q10 may ability of the sperm to penetrate the egg. A further
Deficiency of the vitamin is common amongst the be helpful for women who maybe have been told they study found that men who experienced infertility
UK population. contributing to normal cell division, have ‘old’ eggs because of their age and this nutrient showed an improvement in the levels of lipid
the normal functioning of the immune system and could be helpful in improving egg quality. peroxidation, sperm motility and led to improved
healthy inflammatory response,” West explained. conception rates when supplemented with vitamin E,
Hall added: “The Lifestyle and Fertility Study ANTIOXIDANTS compared to placebo.”
reported that women with serum vitamin D Certain antioxidants are known to be valuable for
status >50nmol/L and met the estimated average conception. AMINO ACIDS
requirement of 400iu daily had greater incidence of “Vitamin C is a primary water-soluble antioxidant Keep in mind some specific amino acids that are powerful
successful live births, when compared to those with known to recycle vitamin E and improve fertility for conception.
sub-optimal, thus suggesting vitamin D status plays outcomes in women with luteal-phase defects. Vitamin “Two amino acids, L-arginine and L-carnitine, are
an important role in reproductive health. Furthermore, C plays a crucial role in the synthesis of collagen, particularly important for male fertility. The L-arginine is
vitamin D receptors are found in the reproductive growth and repair of ovarian follicles and development essential for healthy sperm production and protects the
tissues of both men and women, suggesting a of the corpus luteum. Vitamin C is best co-prescribed sperm against oxidative damag14,” Dr Glenville explained.
regulatory role of reproductive processes. with bioflavonoids, which strengthen capillaries, “The higher the levels of L-carnitine in sperm cells, the
“A cohort study identified a positive association prevents miscarriage and breakthrough bleeding during higher the sperm count and motility.15
between total vitamin D intake and chance of pregnancy,” Hall explained. Hall added: “Arginine is required for the replication of
conceiving a clinical pregnancy. There were a “Vitamin E is a well-documented antioxidant and has cells, making it essential in sperm formation. It also acts
significantly higher number of pregnancies and been shown to inhibit oxidative damage to sensitive as a biochemical precursor in the synthesis of putrescine,
live births among women who met the daily cell membranes. A randomized controlled trial, that spermidine, and spermine, which are thought to be
recommended amount of vitamin D and with investigated the effect of vitamin E (600mg daily for 12 essential to sperm motility. Results indicated improved
sufficient serum levels.” weeks) on spermatozoa demonstrated an improvement sperm motility as well as greater sexual satisfaction.” l
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REFERENCES
◼ Impaired movement can negatively bacterial species already resident
Q
I have a number of impact on the ability to shop for and in the colon.13 Lactobacilli and
older clients regularly cook and on the stimulation of colonic bifidobacteria are more efficient at
complaining of poor muscle. fermenting these and produce a lot
digestion – why does Insufficient dietary fibre or water in less (if any) gas. Found naturally in
this appear common the diet will cause the faeces to move foods such as Jerusalem artichokes,
when people age, and is there a more slowly. Encourage clients to eat onion, garlic, asparagus, chicory,
recommended programme I can more natural wholefoods, particularly leeks and bananas, or purchased in a
follow to support better gut transit? vegetables or to supplement with a supplement form (for example, GOS,
gentle fibre, such as psyllium husk, FOS and inulin). Prebiotic foods and
NATALIE LAMB ADVISED: Our Japanese, who consumed a high intake shown to be much gentler than wheat starchy vegetables could, however,
bodies are changing all the time, of dietary fibre than those living in bran9 and without the side effects of cause some bloating in some people
influenced by the environment around urban areas.3 laxatives.10 Psyllium is also popular in until their levels of bifidobacteria are
us, the food we eat and, of course, with Digestive function and food choices cases of loose stools due to its ability increased so it is wise to increase
age. Some changes could be due to be appear to change with age: to absorb excess liquid and thereby intake gradually.
the cause of a longer period of poor ◼ Reduced stomach acid levels,4 improve stool consistency.11
nutrition and/or lifestyle choices, as subsequently comprising protein One solution to help balance the gut
opposed to a definitive consequence of digestion5 and possibly resulting in flora is to consume fermented foods or THE EXPERT
old age. greater putrefaction by certain bacteria an easy to take probiotic supplement.
Composition, diversity and activity in the large colon. Improvements in constipation in the NATALIE LAMB Dip NT
◼ Decreased digestive enzyme mBANT is a qualified
of the gut microflora is seen to change elderly have been seen with probiotics,
Nutritional Therapist,
with age, with fewer bifidobacteria and production.6 increasing stool frequency by 24 per who studied a three-year
lactobacilli and a less diverse range ◼ Reduction in absorptive capacity.7 cent in one study.12 Additional digestive diploma in Nutritional
of species.1 Composition appears to ◼ Decreased intestinal motility enzyme supplements and probiotic Therapy at the College of Naturopathic
correlate with whether they reside ◼ Altered gut immune function.8 bacteria have been demonstrated to Medicine (CNM) and is a member of
in the community, day-hospital, ◼ Reduced desire to cook. relieve lactose intolerance, support The British Association of Nutritional
rehabilitation or in long-term residential ◼ Loss of sense of taste and smell. a healthy gut lining and to improve Therapists (BANT). Natalie saw clients
in a private clinic in London for
care.2 Interestingly, higher levels of ◼ Decreased appetite. lactose digestion. two years before joining Probiotics
beneficial bifidobacteria were seen ◼ Poor chewing ability – dentures or Prebiotics selectively stimulate the International (Protexin), manufacturers
in traditionally living elderly rural reduced muscle strength in the jaw. growth and/or activity of beneficial of Bio-Kult and Lepicol ranges.
Q From a nutritional perspective, what does the science tell us about what our skin needs to be healthy?
KATHERINE PARDO EXPLAINED: It is now widely contains high quality sources of protein and beneficial
accepted that the health of your skin is a reflection omega 3 and 6 fats as these help the skin to retain its
of what’s going on inside your body. Most of us strive moisture and improve hydration.
to have healthy, glowing, plump-looking skin and the Every cell membrane contains essential omega 3
science would strongly suggest that this should start and 6 fats and these fats keep the membranes soft
from within. Limiting our exposure to harmful external and smooth. Membranes that don’t contain enough
factors is only half the story; by also nourishing our fat struggle to retain water and quickly lose their Youthful,
skin with the proper nutrients, we can help to improve plumpness. In fact, skin problems are among the first radiant, glowing
the appearance of our skin, and slow down the signs of a deficiency in essential fats. Symptoms such skin is a reflection of
inevitable signs of ageing. as dry, flaky, itchy, inflamed skin can often be dealt optimal health overall. So the good news is that the
Oxidative stress, from external or internal sources, with simply by adding more essential fats into the diet. steps you take to look after your skin will naturally
is one of the most significant factors affecting Collagen is a crucial structural component of skin. benefit your wider health too.
prematurely ageing skin, and long-term exposure to It is a tough, special type of connective tissue, made It is also crucial to replace key nutrients that are
the sun’s UV rays and cigarette smoke are perhaps the up of bundles of protein fibre, and is a bit like the easily depleted with age, such as CoQ10 and water-
most damaging of all. Oxidants are highly destructive ‘glue’ that holds skin together. Vitamin C is essential soluble nutrients such as vitamin C that are needed
because they destroy fats, proteins, connective tissues for collagen production, so it’s important to maintain daily. You can even make use of supplemental
and can even damage your DNA. an optimal daily intake, especially as you get older, collagen for an extra boost, along with unique plant
One of the most significant steps you can take when collagen’s ability to respond to daily stresses is compounds, such as Maritine bark extract and citrus
to protect your skin against this type of damage is reduced. and rosemary extracts that have been shown to reduce
to reduce exposure to oxidative stressors, and by Whilst collagen provides strength and rigidity, wrinkles, improve elasticity, smoothness and firmness.
increasing your intake of antioxidants through the elastin is what gives skin the elasticity to stretch and
diet. Antioxidants are found in rich supply in brightly then return back to shape. It is believed that changes
coloured fruits and vegetables and it’s recommended in the structure of elastin may be one of the factors THE EXPERT
that we now aim for nine portions a day in order to involved in the development of wrinkles as we age.
meet our body’s antioxidant requirements. Both collagen and elastin are bound in a fluid made up Katherine Pardo BSc (Hons), Dip ION
Your skin needs water like a balloon needs air. of several substances, including water, just one of the is Head of Nutrition at nutritional
Deprive your skin cells of water and they will become reasons why water is so important for youthful skin – it supplement company Nutri Advanced,
shrivelled and saggy, like a deflated balloon. Not only supports the function of these vital skin structures. one of the leading educators in the field
of Functional Medicine. She originally
do you need to drink plenty of fresh filtered water A deficiency in vitamin C can weaken elastin fibres
trained as a Nutritional Therapist at the Institute for
daily to support healthy digestion and elimination, as you age so it’s crucial to include plenty of this Optimum Nutrition, in London, and is committed to
flush out unwanted toxins and to keep your skin cells essential nutrient in your diet to support youthful skin helping people make realistic and sustainable food and
plump and taut, you also need to make sure your diet and elasticity. lifestyle choices for improved health and wellbeing.
Q I see clients with varied digestive complaints; in which cases would it be right to recommend a digestive
enzyme, and what should my clients know when it comes to the right type?
DR MIKE MURRAY EXPLAINED: One trial, simply providing the enzyme alpha- are more stable than animal sources of
THE EXPERT
DR MICHAEL
MURRAY is
the Chief
of the biggest mistakes many nutritionally galactosidase alone may produce equal proteases, lipases, amylases, and other
Science
oriented practitioners make is thinking results to a low FODMAP diet without the digestive enzymes. Officer at
a patient’s digestive problems are being elimination of so many health promoting One of the key things for practitioners to Enzymedica, the makers
caused by the foods they are eating. In foods, as well as eliminate symptoms of the look for are products that use technology, of Enzyme Science, the
many cases, it is not the foods, but rather irritable bowel syndrome.1 such as the Thera-blend process, to practitioner brand of
the lack of proper digestion. Digestive enzymes, especially proteases carefully select of variants (isoenzymes) thera-blended enzyme
supplements created for
A major advancement in nutritional and lipases, are also an important of each digestive enzyme category and to
clinical application. Dr
medicine is the development of potent protective factor against small intestinal then mix these isoenzymes to be effective Murray is the author of
digestive enzyme formulations. These bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Insufficient throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. over 30 books, including
products have the capacity of surpassing output of digestive enzymes from the Most supplemental enzyme formulas are The Encyclopedia of
our own digestive enzyme efficiency in pancreas is associated with many symptoms effective or active within a very narrow pH Natural Medicine, and has
breaking down the foods we eat. associated with SIBO and may represent range. That can lead to failure to produce been named ‘The Voice
of Natural Medicine’
Lack of proper digestion due to stress, a key underlying factor in many cases. clinical results. Therefore, it is important to
by Nutrition Business
ageing and genetics can lead to decreased Digestive enzymes are also the likely host choose enzyme preparations that are active Journal. Dr Murray
secretion or activity of digestive factors, defence mechanisms within the gut that throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. leads the Enzymedica
especially digestive enzymes. Lack of prevents the formation of biofilm. team in creating new
digestive enzymes are responsible for a lot In the past, digestive enzyme innovations in product
of digestive complaints, ranging from minor supplements have primarily been derived development, as well
gas, pain, nausea, and bloating to severe from animal sources, but as concluded as leading research
efforts to create next
malabsorption and malnutrition. Lack of in a recent review “the growing study of generation formulas. In
enzymes are also clearly responsible for the plant-based and microbe-derived enzymes addition, Dr Murray works
development of food intolerances. offers great promise in the advancement closely with the Roskamp
Not only can digestive enzyme of digestive enzyme therapy”.2 There is no Institute in Sarasota,
supplementation make the dietary question that these newer preparations Fl. This non-profit
approaches to food intolerance work better, are significantly improved over what is organisation performs
cutting edge research for
in many cases, enzyme supplementation generally considered the standard of care.
many organisations and is
may be more useful than dietary changes. Plant-based and microbe derived renowned for research on
This statement also applies to the popular enzymes are stronger, work faster, have Alzheimer’s disease and
low FODMAP diet. According to one clinical greater activity in a broader pH range, and other complex diseases.
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INGREDIENT SPOTLIGHT www.nutritionimag.com
A GUIDE TO
GLUTATHIONE
Rose Holmes, BSc (Hons), Dip.ION,

PGCE, Education andTraining Manager at
ICKFORCES
Rio Health, examines the restorative and CHLEREEREN
F
RE
protective benefits of glutathione.
S
ometimes referred to as the body’s master antioxidant, FUNCTIONS OF GLUTATHIONE transferase enzymes (GSTs) catalyse detoxication of
glutathione repairs, protects and defends body cells, Functions of glutathione include detoxification, antioxidant electrophilic compounds (i.e. those which accept electrons)
aiding the healing response when inflicted with defence, maintenance of thiol status and modulation of cell by conjugation to glutathionex. The glutathione conjugation
extreme oxidative damage. proliferationvi. Glutathione (GSH) has an important role in reaction is the first step of the mercapturic acid pathway, one
Glutathione is critical to cell survival; depletion sensitises aiding neutralisation and removal of toxins, binding with toxins, of the most important detoxication processes, and specific
cells to a wide variety of oxidant stressors, indicating the particularly heavy metals, to form a water-soluble substance GST forms are involved in the conjugation of carcinogensxi and
importance of balanced glutathione levels for protection capable of excretion through the liver. organophosphorus pesticidesxii.
against endogenous low-level oxidant exposurei. Lowered Glutathione is the cofactor for glutathione peroxidase (GPx)
levels of glutathione correlate with several human diseasesii. “Functions of glutathione can be grouped detoxification of peroxides. GPx utilises GSH to reduce lipid
Glutathione (γ-glutamylcysteinylglyine) is a tripeptide hydroperoxides to GSSG and water; hydrogen peroxide and lipid
synthesized in the body from the amino acids, L-cysteine,
broadly in three overlapping categories; peroxides are detoxified by reduced glutathione, generating
L-glutamic acid, and glycine. Glutathione synthesis is tightly antioxidant, detoxifier and immune oxidized glutathionexiii. GPx are a group of enzymes, many of
regulated and is determined by cysteine availability and the system enhancerviii.” which are selenium dependentxiv, each occurring preferentially
activity of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), the rate-limiting by cell type, in specific tissues. Glutathione depletion may
enzymeiii. Cysteine is found in most high-protein foods and in Glutathione is found in all body cells, with the highest result in increased intracellular peroxide levels and increased
some plant foods (for example, lentils, seaweed, and concentration found in the heart, muscles and liver, where oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation and oxidation of proteins
broccoli)iv. it plays a critical role in protective processes, including and nucleic acids may occurxv.
The glutathione molecule has a sulfhydryl (SH) group detoxification and reduction of peroxides and radicals. In Regarding immune enhancement, glutathione appears to be
(contributed by cysteine), which may account for the strength addition, via GSH:GSSG ratio, glutathione has a number of critical in sustained functioning of the immune system and may
with which it donates electrons. A sulfhydryl is a functional other functions, including maintenance of redox state, protein enable production of white blood cells. Studies confirm the
group consisting of sulphur bonded to a hydrogen atom synthesis, microtubular function (re intracellular transport), essential role of intracellular GSH in lymphocyte proliferationxvi
and is also called a thiol. The coupling of 2 thiol/sulfhydryl adenylate cyclase regulation (re conversion of ATP to cAMP and cysteine, the rate-limiting amino acid in glutathione, has
groups results in a disulphide bond (aka disulphide bridge); and intracellular signalling) and transport and release of been shown to have a regulatory role in the immune system,
disulphide bonds connect amino acids in protein formation. neurotransmittersvii. being released by macrophages, and regulating immunologically
Glutathione exists in two states: GSH (reduced) and GSSG Functions of glutathione can be grouped broadly in three relevant functions of lymphocytesxvii.
(oxidised). In the reduced state, glutathione sulfhydryl (GSH) overlapping categories; antioxidant, detoxifier and immune Recently, scientists from Luxembourg University found
can neutralise reactive oxygen species via the ability of (the system enhancerviii. glutathione primes T-cell metabolism regarding inflammatory
thiol group of) cysteine to donate a reducing equivalent. Once Arguably the most important naturally-occurring antioxidant responses; glutathione may improve immune cell activity,
an electron has been donated, GSH becomes reactive and in cells, glutathione has high electron-donating capacity and which may improve immune response against pathogens and
liable to react with another reactive glutathione, pairing to high intracellular concentration, thus great reducing powerix. cancerxviii.
form GSSG – glutathione disulphide, the oxidised state, which Unlike other antioxidants which are obtained through the
is neutral and non-toxic. diet, glutathione is an endogenous antioxidant; it functions in WHAT AFFECTS LEVELS?
The ratio of GSSG to GSH is an important factor in conjunction with exogenous antioxidants, such as vitamin C and According to Dröge and Breitkreutz (2000), immune system
maintaining oxidative balance of the cell. Glutathione vitamin E, allowing these antioxidants to be recycled. function is enhanced when there is ‘a delicately balanced
reductase catalyses the reduction of GSSG to the sulfhydryl Glutathione also provides the key enzyme system for intermediate level of glutathione’xix. Immunological functions in
form (GSH)v and aids maintenance of this balance. detoxification of many noxious substances. Glutathione diseases associated with a cysteine and glutathione deficiency
may be significantly enhanced and potentially restored by Neurodegenerative diseases have shown association
supplementation . Reduced ability to detoxify (due to depletion
xx
with increased age and dysfunction of glutathione in the
of GSH) may account for lowered immune function and brain; a 2005 review of the effects of stress and ageing
increased vulnerability to infection. on glutathione metabolism found Parkinson’s disease
Glutathione depletion may be the result of internal or external the most strongly associated with GSH metabolism
factors. DNA repair, recycling of vitamins C and E, and immune dysfunctionxxxiv. Data suggests GSH levels in specific brain
defence are some internal factors which deplete glutathione. regions may provide a biomarker for Alzheimer’s diseasexxxv
External factors include heavy metalsxxi, alcoholxxii and and whole blood glutathione may be a useful biomarker
pharmaceuticalsxxiii. in PDxxxvi. Antioxidant and detoxification functions of
Various substances besides the constituent amino acids glutathione suggest an important role for this tripeptide
glutamate, cysteine and glycine may promote GSH production; in the neurological, as well as immune system; GSH redox
these include N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) , α-lipoic acid ,
xxiv xxv
imbalance may be a primary cause of brain disordersxxxvii.
seleniumxxvi and vitamin B6xxvii. Daily consumption of GSH Glutathione levels are reduced also in HPU
supplements was shown to be effective at increasing body (Hemopyrrollactamuria)xxxviii, a metabolic disorder that results
compartment stores of GSHxxviii. in improperly synthesised haem molecules, causing large
amounts of zinc, vitamin B6 and manganese to be excreted
ROLE OF GLUTATHIONE IN AGEING from the body. Haem is the building block of haemoglobin,
AND DISEASE as well as of cytochromes, the enzyme components used
Glutathione has been referred to as ‘Master Defender’ of the in the mitochondria for cellular signalling and energy
brain, heart, lungs, eyes, and liver, and of vibrant youth and production, and in the P450 pathway of liver detoxification.
energyxxix, and a PubMed search reveals more than 50,000 Chronic infections (for example, Lyme disease and co-
human studies on glutathione. infections) are thought to be one of the causes of HPU (aka
Its important antioxidant and detoxification roles mean KPU/kryptopyrroluria); Dr Dietrich Klinghardt has found
glutathione depletion may have widespread effect beyond the Lyme patients consistently present with low glutathione
liver, and association has been found with disease occurrence levelsxxxix; for many Lyme patients, nutrient and GSH ROSE HOLMES,
and progression. For example, depletion has been shown to status improves with nutrient supplementation alongside BSc (Hons), Dip.ION,
perturb the nitric oxide system, resulting in severe hypertension antimicrobialsxl. PGCE is a Nutritional
in normal ratsxxx and, in humans, hypertensive patients have A deficiency in these nutrients is common amongst Therapist with special interest
reduced activity and decreased content of antioxidant enzymes, the population, and many people might benefit from in chronic illness, circadian rhythm disruption and
including glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide supplementation due to its ability to reduce oxidative stress. healthy ageing. She is the Education and Training
dismutase (SOD)xxxi. Other studies have shown that combined Glutathione can be supplemented for protection against Manager at Rio Health, a supplier and distributor of
values of glutathione peroxidase activity and total antioxidant age-related conditions. In cases of chronic or severe illness, natural products from around the world. The company
status are significant determinants of age-related macular glutathione may be taken either as a food supplement specialises in South American botanicals, offering a
degeneration status .
xxxii
(capsules) or by injection. Look for reduced glutathione; selection of high quality, whole-plant botanicals and
Glutathione levels may decline in a variety of tissues the cost reflects the poor stability of glutathione and thus extracts. Rio Health is the UK distributor for NutraMedix,
during ageing, predisposing these to the effects of stressxxxiii. expense of producing a quality product. epigenar, Green Magma and Silidyn.
COMPANY PROFILE www.nutritionimag.com
Leading
the way in
mycotherapy
Hifas da Terra is pioneering when it comes to mycotherapy, and the
last 12 months has seen huge growth. Rachel Symonds found out more
about the future plans for this innovative brand.
T
he market for mycotherapy, better known as how best to use our supplements for their individual
medicinal mushrooms, has moved on hugely need,” commented Biologist and founder, Catalina
in the last year or so, as increasing numbers Fernandez de Ana Portela.
of people become aware of their power. Of course, “We have started a practitioner dedicated
this has signalled a rise in the number of brands on Facebook group, called Mycotherapy with Hifas
the market, but one brand that has led the way in da Terra, where we discuss protocols and give
terms of excellence and education is Hifas da Terra. advice on any client cases presented to our team
The company has been around since 1999, having by our members. We have also scheduled a series
been founded to bring the power of mushrooms to of webinars presented by our in-house team of
a wider audience. And, in the last year, the company practitioners. These 40-minute webinars focus on
has gone from strength to strength. offering bite size information on mycotherapy on
“In the UK, our team has grown over the last various health conditions, from diabetes, digestion,
12 months. We now have a dedicated team of heart disease and many more.”
Nutritional Therapists, who support practitioners
who use Hifas da Terra products in their clinical THE HIFAS PRINCIPLES
practice, as well as consumers who want to find out Hifas da Terra’s expertise lies in mycotherapy, and Founder, Catalina Fernandez de Ana Portela
the expertise within the business means that it has always been commenting: “At Hifas da Terra, we produce supplements at a packaging,” Catalina added.
a favourite among Nutritional Therapists. variety of therapeutic strengths to suit our clients particular
But how does the company position itself in terms of its point needs. Our in-house research team is tirelessly working on “Not many supplement companies in
of difference? innovation of our products, assuring the best quality and
“Unique mushroom strains developed and refined from years strength medicinal mushroom supplement available on
the world can vouch to be able to have
of research and client feedback. Our 11 mushrooms are chosen, the market. Our Onco line contains the highest dosage of control of its production, from growing
cultivated and extracted in specific ways to ensure maximum mushrooms extracts ever produced.” our own strains to cultivation, extraction
results. Our team consists of a group of dynamic biologists, And finally, she highlighted the organic seal and full of active compounds to packaging.”
researchers, health practitioners and medics, including traceability of ingredients.
recognised oncologists, whose expertise provides an invaluable “Not many supplement companies in the world can vouch The products are regularly inspected by the Hifas da Terra
contribution to our company’s success,” Catalina explained. to be able to have control of its production, from growing our quality control team in its laboratories in Spain, are produced to
She also highlighted the importance of potency and strength, own strains to cultivation, extraction of active compounds to Good Manufacturing Practice standard, and comply with all the
strict requirements. They also have the organic European seal.
There is no doubt the market for medicinal mushrooms has
become hugely competitive, but Hifas da Terra was one of the
early pioneers and focuses on high standards.
Catalina pointed out: “Mushroom supplements of our
standard are of purity and quality. Mushrooms act as sponges,
and can absorb contaminants from the soil they are grown in.
It is this property that makes them a fantastic soil regenerator.
However, this also means that mushrooms not grown in strictly
controlled and organic environments can contain pollutants and
contaminants that are detrimental to human health. We pride
ourselves on the purity of our organic certified products that are
produced to the pharmaceutical GMP standard.
“What’s also missing in the market is the continued support
we give to practitioners with our immense education tools,
including one-to-one training on mycotherapy, and the launch
of our new education portal, together with the International
Mycotherapy Institute.”
HERO PRODUCTS
The range of Hifas da Terra products spans a host of health areas,
and Catalina pinpointed its leading ones.
“One of our star products is Mico-Leo, extract of the Lion’s
Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus). Lion’s mane is hardwood logs naturally, whereas mycelium (i.e. the root)
simply remarkable. Particular compounds we found in does not require all of this process and, therefore, it is
our strains – hericenones and erinacines – help modulate much cheaper,” Catalina explained.
the gastrointestinal mucous epithelial membrane “The extraction process is carried out under
repair, leaky gut syndrome and restore balance of the strict climatic conditions to preserve the levels of
beneficial gut bacteria. Recent studies have shown that concentration of the main active ingredients, amino
these compounds also help stimulate Nerve Growth acids, enzymes, proteins, minerals and vitamins. After
Factor (NGF), which plays an important role in peripheral harvesting and drying carefully selected mushrooms, they
neuropathies, especially in those related with diabetes, are powdered in a process designed to preserve 100 per
and regeneration of the myelin sheath – multiple cent of the essential ingredients. The powdering process
sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases,” Catalina is adjusted for each product to ensure its stability and its
explained. optimal absorption properties.
“To better understand the strength of the products, it
“The extraction process is carried out takes 150kg of raw reishi mushrooms to produce 15kg of
under strict climatic conditions to dried reishi mushrooms. This amount will then produce
1kg of our reishi extract, our high potency range for
preserve the levels of concentration
chronic disorders.”
of the main active ingredients, amino Catalina adds that despite the market growing, and
acids, enzymes, proteins, minerals more products coming to market, Hifas da Terra will
and vitamins.” continue to do what it does best.
“Apart from the superior quality of our products, we
“This mushroom has been also shown to slow offer dedicated practitioner support. We provide expert
down cognitive decline in dementia conditions, such advice and one-to-one training to all of our practitioners
as Alzheimer’s disease. Lion’s mane is also highly and guide them through using our products for their
recommended for those that go through menopause as specific client need. Our in-house practitioners are also
some compounds that help regenerate NGF have been available for specific consultations via calls or Skype. No
shown to reduce menopausal symptoms – hot flushes, one else is offering such a service free of charge,” she
irritability, anxiety, and sleep disturbance.” explained.
In terms of the production process, all Hifas da “We are planning further expansion of our team to be
Terra products are grown in the natural environment able to support more practitioners around the UK, the
at its headquarters under the ancient chestnut forests rest of Europe and soon the U.S. We also have numerous
of Galicia, in North West Spain. Growing medicinal upcoming events in the pipeline, from webinars to
mushrooms requires temperature control, which creates seminars and talks. Our aim is to educate practitioners
the optimal environment for growth. and give them confidence to use our unique products in
“The majority of our mushrooms are grown on their practice.”l
TRAINING www.nutritionimag.com
CPD DIRECTORY
If you want to top up your CPD points, take inspiration from these forthcoming events.
BANT Supervision Group BANT Online Supervision Group

Would you like to grow your nutrition business and March 19 – online Forthcoming webinars...
build confidence? Why not join a Nutritional Therapy Target Publishing, which publishes Nutrition I-Mag, hosts a series of free
Supervision Group and benefit from targeted support for CPD hours: BANT two hours webinars for practitioners. Register at www.ihcanconferences.co.uk/webinar
your particular Nutritional Therapy dilemmas? Speakers: Carmel Buckley
IHCAN
Cost: £30 2018

Organised by the
March 7 AM – Tunbridge Wells Website: bant.org.uk/members-area/bant-supervision/ conferences IHCAN Conference Team
March 7 PM – Shoreham-by-Sea meet-the-supervisors/#Carmel_Buckley
webinars
March 15 – Richmond Viruses and Viral in some cases, death. Viruses evolve
May 2 AM – Tunbridge Wells Infections: Natural faster than anything else of the planet
May 2 PM – Shoreham-by-Sea BANT Supervision Group Therapies and can cause the common cold and
May 3 – Richmond March 19 – Colchester cold sores, as well as epidemics and
March 23 – Woolpit pandemics.
CPD hours: BANT two hours April 30 – Colchester In this webinar, we will discuss:
Speakers: Carmel Buckley May 18 – Woolpit ◼ Viral respiratory infections.
Cost: £30 Presented by Rose Holmes, ◼ Viral encephalitis infections.
Website: bant.org.uk/members-area/bant-supervision/ CPD hours: BANT two hours Nutritionist, BSc, Dip.ION, PGCE ◼ Gastrointestinal viral infections.
meet-the-supervisors/#Carmel_Buckley Speakers: Fiona Mealing Tuesday, March 6, 6.30pm-7.30pm ◼ Herpesviridae family of viruses
Cost: £30 (including HSV, EBV, varicella zoster
Website: bant.org.uk/members-area/bant-supervision/ Viruses have the capacity to enter and cytomegalovirus).
BANT Supervision Group meet-the-supervisors/#Fiona_Mealing cells, snip off sections of DNA or ◼ Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and
March 14 – Manchester RNA and weave them into their own association with some cancers.
April 25 – Manchester genetic structure; they are said to ‘aid ◼ Strengthening the immune system.
BANT Supervision Group the intermingling of all life forms on ◼ The threat of emerging viruses.
CPD hours: BANT 2.5 hours April 20 – Hereford earth’. ◼ Acute, chronic and latent infections
Speakers: Dalbinder Bains Whilst many viruses do not cause ◼ Immunodeficiency.
Cost: £30 CPD hours: BANT two hours disease and are necessary components ◼ Diet and lifestyle to support anti-
Website: bant.org.uk/members-area/bant-supervision/ Speakers: Debbie Lewis of their host’s life, these particles viral protocols.
meet-the-supervisors/#Dalbinder_Bains Cost: £30 are also infectious agents that may ◼ Herbal anti-virals and mechanisms
result in a variety of symptoms and, by which these have effect.
TRAINING www.nutritionimag.com
Forthcoming webinars...
The Gut: Where Bacteria Great Minds: Optimising Brain Digestive Enzymes: Clinical
and Immune System Meet Health And Performance With Considerations in IBS, SIBO,
Natural Nootropics Dysbiosis and the Leaky Gut
Presented by Christina Georgallou

BSc (Hons), DipCNM Presented by Phoebe Liebling BSc (Hons)
Tuesday March 20, 6.30pm-7.30pm DipNT mBANT mNNA rCNHA rGNC Presented by Dr Michael Murray
March 27, 6.30pm-7.30pm Tuesday May 8, 6.30pm-7.30pm
It is now understood that the
gastrointestinal wall is home to 70 Modern lifestyles are extremely taxing to An in-depth look into the underlying core
per cent of the cells that make up the our mental faculties and nervous system. issues in these common GI disturbances,
immune system. The gut microbiota Rarely do we consider food as the fuel for along with a focus on the clinical use of
that resides in the gastrointestinal our brain. We are constantly stimulated by plant and microbial derived enzyme, will Look out for more
tract provides essential health externalities, often reducing the quality of be presented. From dealing with food free webinars planned
benefits to its host, particularly by our sleep, mood and cognitive function. All intolerances, incomplete digestion, biofilm, for 2018. For more
regulating immune homeostasis. these factors affect our mental performance, and microbial adherence, there is a growing information about
Moreover, it has recently become our ability to deal with oxidative stress, and scientific rationale on the use of digestive webinars, including the
obvious that alterations of these gut our rate of neurodegeneration. It’s time we enzymes in a wide range of functional GI topics and the speakers,
microbial colonies can cause immune placed the brain at the centre of our holistic disorders. visit
dysregulation, leading to autoimmune approach to health. Some of the questions to be answered www.ihcanconferences.
disorders and allergies. Through lifestyle, food and supplemental in the webinar include; Is fecal pancreatic
co.uk/webinar.
During this webinar, Christina choices, how can we support our brain to elastase a true indicator of pancreatic
Georgallou will review the advances operate at its highest level, while increasing enzyme insufficiency? What causes biofilm
IHCAN
in our understanding of how the our chances of disease-free longevity? formation and how can digestive enzymes
gut microbiota regulates innate This webinar will focus on the help dissolve biofilm? What role do
2018
and adaptive immune homeostasis micronutrients required by the brain for digestive secretions play in the prevention
conferences
and the evidence validating a strain
specific probiotic approach to
long-term performance and health, with an
introduction to Motion Nutrition’s new range
of SIBO? How do digestive enzymes
influence the microbiome? Plus, there will
webinars
supporting a client’s immunity in of nootropics, formulated by Miguel Toribio- be a question and answer session at the
practice. Mateas: Power Up and Unplug. end of the webinar.
RECIPES www.nutritionimag.com
FLOUR FANTASTIC
Christine McFadden reveals the versatile uses of flours for
creating health-infused dishes.
Lime leaf-scented
Triple chocolate Roasted tomato and blancmange with sesame
brownies Gruyère cheese tart brittle
Triple chocolate brownies (Makes 16)

Coffee flour adds significant depth of flavour to these chocolate-rich brownies. The batter
may seem sloppy, but the coffee flour absorbs more liquid than other flours because of its
unusually high fibre content.
INGREDIENTS:
• 60g (2¼ oz) plain flour • 110g (4oz) unsalted butter, diced
• 10g (¼ oz) coffee flour • 2 eggs, organic or free range
• 2tbsp unsweetened cocoa powder • 150g (5½ oz) golden caster sugar
• ½ tsp freshly ground black pepper • Seeds from 1 split vanilla pod
• 140g (5oz) dark chocolate (at least 75 per cent • Pinch sea salt
cocoa solids), broken into small pieces • 4tbsp cacao nibs
METHOD:
1 Preheat the oven to 180°C/Gas Mark 4, positioning the rack just below the middle of the oven. Grease the base
and sides of a 20cm (8in) square cake tin. Line the tin with baking parchment and grease the paper too.
2 Put the flours, cocoa powder and black pepper in a sieve set over a bowl. Muddle with your fingers, then push
through the sieve. Repeat once or twice more until the mixture is a uniform colour.
3 Place the chocolate and butter in a bowl, and melt in the microwave or over a pan of boiling water (see cook’s
note).
4 Put the eggs, sugar, vanilla seeds and salt in a large bowl. Whisk lightly for about 20 seconds, then stir in the
melted chocolate mixture. Using a wooden spoon, gently fold in the flour mixture and the cacao nibs until just
combined – it’s important not to overmix.
5 Pour the mixture into the prepared tin, levelling the surface with a wet palette knife. Bake for 20-25 minutes,
rotating the tin every 10 minutes, until a skewer inserted in the centre comes out with a small amount of crumbs
sticking to it, rather than completely clean. If there is wet mixture sticking to it, bake for another three minutes and
check again.
6 When you take the tin out of the oven, tap it on the work surface to release air from under the crust. This
helps the surface to dry and the mixture underneath to have the desired fudgy texture. Leave in the tin to cool
completely before turning out on to a wire rack.
Roasted tomato and Lime leaf-scented

Cook’s note: Melt the chocolate and butter by microwaving on Gruyère cheese tart blancmange with
medium for three minutes, stirring every 30 seconds. Alternatively,
sesame brittle
melt in a bowl set over boiling water.
INGREDIENTS: For the filling:

Roasted tomato and Gruyère • 150g (5½ oz) quinoa flour
• 90g (3½ oz) rice flour
• 12-14 plum tomatoes, halved crossways
• Extra-virgin olive oil
cheese tart (Serves 8-10 as a snack or 6 as a light meal) • 1½ tsp xanthan gum
• Pinch sea salt
• Sea salt flakes
• Freshly ground black pepper
Gluten free pastry is rarely as crisp as wheat flour pastry. That said, this quinoa
• 150g (5½ oz) unsalted butter chilled, diced • Muscovado sugar
flour pastry is a good solution when a tart is a must-have – for a picnic or buffet • 4 egg yolks, organic and free range, lightly beaten • 150g (5½ oz) Gruyère cheese, coarsely grated
lunch, for example. With added rice flour and xanthan gum to help bind the dough, • 1½ -2tbsp water • 4 eggs, organic or free range
the pastry is lovely to work with, tastes good and looks great when baked. Topped • Vegetable oil for greasing • 125ml (4fl oz) organic double cream
with juicy roasted tomatoes and nutty Gruyère cheese, the tart is packed with • 2tbsp oregano or marjoram leaves, chopped
METHOD:
flavour. Make the roasted tomatoes in advance and keep in the fridge until ready to
1 Preheat the oven to 150°C/Gas Mark 2.
use.
2 To make the filling, arrange a single layer of halved tomatoes on a roasting tray. Sprinkle with olive oil, sea salt flakes, freshly
ground black pepper and a good few pinches of muscovado sugar. Roast for 1½ to two hours, rotating the tray every 30 minutes,
until the tomatoes are shrivelled but still slightly moist. Set aside to cool.
3 For the pastry, put the two flours, xanthan gum and sea salt into a sieve set over a bowl. Muddle with your fingers, then push
through the sieve once or twice until well blended. Get your fingertips nice and cold, then lightly rub in the butter. Hold your hands
well above the bowl so that the flour drifts gently down, incorporating air as it does so, and you can see any fragments of butter
that still need rubbing in. Mix in the egg yolks with a fork, followed by enough of the water to make a dough.
4 Tip the dough on to a floured work surface and knead briefly until smooth. Gather the dough into a ball, then flatten it into a thick
disc about 12cm (4½ in) in diameter, ready for rolling out. Wrap in greaseproof paper and chill for 30 minutes.
5 Preheat the oven to 160°C/Gas Mark 3. Lightly grease a 28cm (11in) loose-based tart tin.
6 Using a well-floured rolling pin, roll out the pastry on a large piece of baking parchment to a rough-and-ready circle measuring
about 33cm (13in) in diameter. Place your tart tin upside down over the circle. Lift up the four corners of the parchment and fold
them towards the middle of the underside of the tin. Using both hands, hold the corners in place and quickly turn the tin over,
allowing the dough to flop into the base of the tin. There will be inevitable cracks – just press the dough together.
7 Pass a rolling pin over the top of the tin to trim surplus dough; save the trimmed dough to patch any cracks. Using the side of
your index finger, press the dough into the edge of the tin to raise it slightly above the rim. Line the base with foil and weigh down
with baking beans, making sure they fill the base and go all the way to the edge. Bake blind for 15 minutes, rotating the tin halfway
through.
8 Remove the foil and beans and check that the pastry hasn’t cracked; if there are cracks, patch with the reserved dough trimmings.
Bake for five to seven minutes more, until the pastry is pale golden. Remove from the oven and raise the temperature to 180°C/
Gas Mark 4. Put a baking tray in to heat.
9 Arrange the tomato halves in the pastry case in concentric circles. Sprinkle the cheese evenly over the top. Beat the eggs lightly,
then stir in the cream, herbs and salt and pepper to taste. Mix well, then pour into the pastry case and immediately put in the oven
(see cook’s note). Bake for 20 minutes or until puffy and golden. Serve hot or warm.
Lime leaf-scented
blancmange with Triple chocolate
Cook’s note: Once you’ve filled the pastry case, immediately put brownies
it in the oven on the heated baking sheet. This will quickly set the sesame brittle
filling and stop it seeping through any cracks in the pastry.
One of my favourite desserts, this is an irresistible combination of soft, scented milky blancmange and gleaming
Lime leaf-scented blancmange

shards of crunchy brittle. Sesame flour adds subtle flavour and helps thicken the blancmange. You can buy it in
good supermarkets, health food shops and online.
with sesame brittle (Serves 4-6) INGREDIENTS: For the sesame brittle:
• 3 large double-lobed lime leaves, fresh or frozen • 200g (7oz) caster sugar
but not dried • 4tbsp toasted sesame seeds
• 600ml (1 pint) whole milk, preferably organic
• 4tbsp cornflour You will need:
• 4tbsp sesame flour • Up to six 150ml (5fl oz) metal heart-shaped
• 3tbap caster sugar, or to taste moulds or ramekin dishes
METHOD:
1 Remove the tough stalk from the lime leaves and roughly shred the leaves. Save a few shreds as a garnish and
put the rest in a saucepan with all but four tablespoons of the milk. Slowly bring to a simmer over a medium heat.
Remove from the heat and leave to infuse for about 20 minutes.
2 In a second saucepan, blend the cornflour and the reserved four tablespoons of milk to a smooth slurry. Stir
in the sesame flour and caster sugar. Strain the infused milk on to the slurry, stirring to mix. Bring to the boil,
whisking constantly until thickened – about three minutes. Simmer gently for another three minutes, continuing to
whisk. Pour into the moulds, leave until cool, then chill for two hours, or until set.
3 Meanwhile, make the sesame brittle. Line a baking sheet with a sheet of silicone. Pour the sugar into a heavy-
based saucepan over a medium heat. Let the sugar melt without stirring, shaking the pan occasionally until all
the sugar has dissolved. Increase the heat slightly and bring to the boil. Let it bubble away for a few minutes
until evenly golden. Stir in the sesame seeds and boil for a few more seconds. Pour on to the silicone-lined
baking sheet, tilting it so that the brittle spreads in a very thin layer. Once it’s set solid, break into shards or small
fragments.
4 When ready to serve, turn the blancmange out on to serving plates. Decorate with two or three sesame shards
and a sliver of lime leaf.
Cook’s note: When making the sesame brittle, watch the bubbling sugar like a hawk. It can
burn very quickly. The brittle will keep for a week or more as long as it’s stored in an airtight
container. If the blancmange is reluctant to leave the moulds, invert the moulds over serving
plates and cover with a tea towel soaked in hot water and wrung out. Give the plate and mould a
shake to release the blancmange.
Triple chocolate Roasted tomato and

Extract taken from Flour by Christine
brownies Gruyère cheese tart
McFadden (Absolute Press, £26)
Photography © Mike Cooper.
READER OFFERS www.nutritionimag.com
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I-Win: We have five to give pharmacies throughout the world. I-Win: We have 10 pots of 90
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to give away. £17.67, to give away.
CONFERENCE & AGM
30 JUNE 2018
LONDON
‘BUILDING
RESILIENCE IN
A MENTAL WORLD –
SUPPORTING NEUROLOGICAL,
Featuring:
EMOTIONAL AND BRAIN HEALTH’ atr
ix
This year’s Naturopathic Nutrition Association conference tackles the fascinating topic of mental health. Join us at this one- Gr
Niki
day event with three expert speakers who’ll be tackling this complex subject.
Places include:
A three course healthy buffet lunch.
A delegate pack featuring all slides and space to write notes. es
ayn
Access to the exhibitor area, featuring 60+ of the industry’s leading product suppliers and service providers. H
Antony
Free goody bag.
Audio, video and presentation downloads sent to you after the event.
Audio, video and presentation downloads from the co-located event, the IHCAN Summit (worth £50).
n
lso
Co
CO-LOCATED WITH THE
IHCANsummit
Deborah
IHCAN SUMMIT 2018
This year’s Conference & AGM is co-located with the IHCAN Summit; giving you access to the
60+ exhibitors, a free three course lunch, plus all the downloads from the Summit – all included in the ticket price.
Book now from only £60 - www.nnaconference.co.uk or telephone 01279 810080

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What are some of the topics covered in the magazine?

What are some of the topics covered in the magazine?

What conferences are mentioned?

What conferences are mentioned?

Nutriti n

I-Mag MAR/APR 2018

Some material may be speculative

Meet The Team rights reserved. No article may be

ASK THE EXPERTS

NUTRITION I-MAG GIVEAWAYS

NUTRITION I-MAG EXCELLENCE IN

Dr Michael Murray Dr Marilyn Glenville

Natalie Lamb Rose Holmes

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to enter inaugural EXCELLENCE risk of diet related diseases.

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Higher Nature acquired by BetterYou praised for innovation

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