Lofflex Diet: Low - Fat.Fibre - Limited.Exclusion - Diet
Lofflex Diet: Low - Fat.Fibre - Limited.Exclusion - Diet
Lofflex Diet: Low - Fat.Fibre - Limited.Exclusion - Diet
Low.Fat.Fibre.Limited.Exclusion.Diet
for Crohn’s disease
Patient details LOFFLEX Diet for Crohn’s Disease
What is Crohn’s Disease?
Crohn’s disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It can affect any part of the gut
Name:..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... but most commonly affects the small and large bowel. Crohn’s disease tends to go through
periods of remission with minimal symptoms, and active phases when symptoms flare. When
Date:......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... the bowels become inflamed, common symptoms experienced are pain, wind, bloating and
loose stools.
Contents symptoms. It is recommended that you follow the basic LOFFLEX diet for at least two weeks.
You may need to continue this for longer, depending on your symptoms. Your Dietitian will
monitor your progress on the diet and advise you when to proceed to the reintroduction stage
What is Crohn’s Disease?..................................................................................................................................................................................3
2. Reintroduction stage
Stage 1: Basic LOFFLEX Diet...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 During this stage, foods that may be more likely to trigger symptoms are reintroduced one at a
time. It will take a few months to complete the reintroduction stage. The aim is to establish a ‘safe
diet’ which consists only of those foods that have not caused symptoms on reintroduction.
What might a typical daily menu look like?.......................................................................................................................10
What are the benefits of following a LOFFLEX diet?
The LOFFLEX diet helps in the transition from a liquid diet (enteral nutrition) to a ‘safe diet’.
Food & Symptom Diary.................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Reintroducing foods gradually, makes it possible to identify any foods that might trigger
symptoms. There is some evidence to suggest that a LOFFLEX diet may help to maintain
Stage 2: Reintroduction Stage............................................................................................................................................................... 15 remission of Crohn’s disease.1
Reintroduction Diary............................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
References
1. Woolner, J.T., Parker, T.J, Kirby, G.A. & Hunter, J.O., 1998. The development and evaluation of a diet for
maintaining remission in Crohn’s disease. JHND., 11: 1-11.
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Stage 1: Basic LOFFLEX Diet Food group Unsuitable foods Suitable foods
When should I start the basic LOFFLEX diet? Cooking methods High fat cooking methods e.g. Low fat cooking methods
You should start the basic LOFFLEX diet in consultation with your Dietitian when your symptoms deep-fat frying, roasting, frying e.g. baking, steaming, grilling,
have settled following a period of time on a liquid diet (enteral nutrition). with large quantities of fat poaching, stir-frying, dry-roasting,
frying with low calorie spray oils
Which foods can I eat on the basic LOFFLEX diet?
Cooking oils Corn oil Sunflower, soya, olive,
The following tables detail which foods and cooking methods are suitable and unsuitable on the
Nut oils rapeseed oils
basic LOFFLEX diet.
Meat and poultry Pork and pork products e.g. ham, Chicken, turkey, game, duck,
For the first few days, it is advisable to eat only a few plain foods with minimal fat and fibre bacon, pigs liver ostrich
content e.g.: Processed meat products e.g. Beef, lamb
sausages, beefburgers, meat pies, Liver, kidney
• Rice, rice cakes, puffed rice cereal pâté, meat paste, ready meals
Remove visible fat and skin.
• Rice milk or soya milk (with added calcium) ‘Ready’ meals Choose lean cuts
Pre-packaged, cooked meats and
• Small amount of milk free margarine and/or suitable oil poultry as above
(check ingredients)
• Plain chicken or turkey (baked, steamed, poached)
Meat alternatives Soya products e.g. tofu, burger, None
• White fish (baked, steamed, poached) sausage, mince
Quorn and quorn products
• Potato (baked, boiled without skins)
If you follow a vegetarian diet, you
• Herbal or fruit teas may need to include these (discuss
with your Dietitian)
To begin with, it may be helpful to introduce food as four to five small meals or snacks spread
Fish Tinned fish in oil or tomato Tinned fish in water or brine
over the day.
Fish in batter or breadcrumbs White fish
If, after a few days your symptoms remain settled you can start to introduce other foods listed as Fish paste, taramasalata Seafood & shellfish
suitable on the basic diet. Gradually increase the size of your portions, aiming to eat three meals Scampi Smoked fish
per day with snacks in between.
Processed fish products Oily fish e.g. mackerel, salmon,
‘Ready’ meals sardines, trout
It is best not to rush your meals; take time to chew food well. This will help your gut to digest
(1 portion of oily fish per week is
the food.
recommended for healthy eating
– you may wish to discuss this
It is important to check the ingredients lists on the food labels of packaged food and drinks as
further with your Dietitian)
they may contain other ingredients that are not suitable on the diet. As a general guide, choose
fresh products where possible as packaged or processed products are more likely to contain Milk & Dairy Cow’s, sheep’s & goat’s milk Milk alternatives
unsuitable ingredients. For example pre-packaged cooked chicken often contains wheat or cow’s alternatives, including fresh, dried, tinned, (choose calcium enriched types)
milk derivatives, soya milk may contain apple juice. Eggs evaporated, condensed
Soya milk (not with apple juice)
Ready made milkshakes &
Rice milk
yoghurt drinks
Hemp milk
Probiotic and prebiotic drinks
& yoghurts Coconut milk
(fresh milk substitute)
Low fat tinned coconut milk
(small quantities – discuss
with your Dietitian)
4 5
Food group Unsuitable foods Suitable foods Food group Unsuitable foods Suitable foods
Milk & Dairy Oat milk Milk or dairy free spread Vegetables Peas – garden peas, chickpeas, All other vegetables including
alternatives, Nut milks e.g. almond, hazelnut Soya milk products & Pulses marrowfat peas salad
Eggs Pulse beans e.g. kidney beans, Remove skins, seeds and stalks
Tinned coconut milk (full fat) (check ingredients e.g. not
containing corn, cocoa) baked beans Aim to eat a combined total of five
Cow’s, sheep’s & goat’s milk
Lentils portions of fruits and vegetables
products e.g. butter, margarine, Soya spreads, yoghurts,
Onion per day (see portion guide)
spreads, cheese, cream, yoghurt, desserts, custard
Parsnips
ice cream, custard, mousses, fools Small quantities of the following – Sweetcorn
Soya cheese containing yeast, discuss with your Dietitian: Tomato
corn/maize Soya cream, ice cream & cheese
Fruit Apple All other fresh, tinned or cooked
Eggs, egg custard (check ingredients for corn/maize
Banana fruits and their juices.
& yeast)
Citrus fruit e.g. orange, satsuma, Remove skins, seeds and pips
Breads, flours, Wheat, rye, barley, corn/maize, Rice and rice products tangerine, clementines, mandarins,
Smoothies of suitable fruits
cereals & grains oats (choose white products preferably) grapefruit, lemon, lime
(check ingredients)
All products made from these White rice Dried fruit
Aim to eat a combined total of five
grains including flours, breads, Rice pasta (corn-free) Berries & currants (juices suitable)
portions of fruits and vegetables
biscuits, cakes, crackers, savoury Rice noodles (plain)
per day (see portion guide)
snacks, breakfast cereals, porridge, Rice cakes (plain or salted)
cereal bars, pasta, noodles, pizza Ground rice Stewed, cooked or tinned fruit may
bases, semolina, custard powder Rice flour be better tolerated
Mashed potato with suitable milk Yeast & yeast extract Trace ingredients of citrus
(see above) and small amount of Meat extracts & citric acid
milk or dairy free spread and/or Nuts (all types) Sugar
soya cream Peanut butter Jelly
Seeds (without apple or citrus pieces)
Sweet potato (without skins)
Sorbets (check ingredients)
6 7
How much is one portion of fruit or vegetables?
Food group Unsuitable foods Suitable foods
Suitable portion sizes of fruits and vegetables are shown below.
Miscellaneous Mustard Salt, black pepper Please refer to the fruit and vegetable sections in the table above to check which types are
Salad cream and dressings Herbs suitable on the basic diet. Note that unsuitable fruits and vegetables are included here also for
Soy sauce Spices in moderation the purpose of the reintroduction stage.
Tomato products e.g. ketchup, Vinegar (all types)
puree, sauce, passata, Home made gravy
pasta sauces (see recipe booklet) Fruits Vegetables
Ready mixed jar & packet sauces
The following sauces are likely to 1 medium sized fruit e.g. apple, banana, 3 heaped tablespoons raw, cooked,
e.g. pasta sauces, curry sauces,
be suitable (check ingredients): orange, pear, peach frozen or tinned vegetables
sauces for meat/ fish/ poultry
Miso (fermented rice or soya bean,
Gravy mixes
avoid fermented barley) 1/
2 grapefruit 1 dessert bowl mixed salad
Worcester sauce
Mirin (Japanese flavouring) (lettuce, tomato, cucumber)
Chilli sauce
Fish sauce
Chocolate, cocoa powder Tabasco sauce 1 slice large fruit e.g. melon, pineapple 3 heaped tablespoons of pulse beans
Most confectionary Mango chutney (can be counted ONCE a day as one portion)
(check ingredients) Tamari (wheat free soy sauce)
Carob confectionary 2 plums, kiwis, clementines or similar
Carob flour in small quantities
Sugar free sweets, mints sized fruit
(discuss with your Dietitian)
(discuss with your Dietitian)
Kendal mint cake 1 medium tomato or handful of cherry
Chewing/bubblegum Clear boiled sweets & mints tomatoes
(discuss with your Dietitian) (check ingredients)
Handful of grapes, cherries, berries
8 9
What might a typical daily menu look like? Do I need to keep a food and symptom diary?
Yes. For the duration of the LOFFLEX diet it is helpful to record the types and quantities of
Food everything you eat and drink and the symptoms you experience, including times of the day. An
example food and symptom diary is shown below. It is helpful to include brand names of food
Breakfast Choose from a selection of:
products and approximate portion sizes.
- Puffed rice cereal with milk alternative and sugar/honey
- Rice cakes, milk-free margarine and jam/honey Please bring your diary with you to appointments with your Dietitian. Your Dietitian will be able
- Lean meat/ poultry/ fish cooked using low fat cooking methods
to use this to help determine which foods might be triggering your symptoms and to assess your
- Potato cakes (see recipe booklet)
nutrient intake.
- Soya yogurt/dessert with fruit
- Fruit juice
- Herbal/ fruit tea Food Symptoms
Mid morning snack Breakfast 8.00 am
Choose from the list of snacks below Medium bowl puffed rice cereal + 2 tsp sugar
+ 1/4 pint rice milk
Lunch
2 rice cakes + thin spread milk-free marg
Lean meat/ poultry/ fish cooked using low fat cooking methods + 1 tsp jam on each
Boiled white rice/ rice pasta/ potato/ rice cakes with milk
Small glass cranberry juice
free spread
Vegetables / salad (see recipe booklet for meal ideas) Mid morning 10.30 am 11.00 am
Soya yoghurt/dessert or sorbet Loose bowel motion
1 medium pear (no skin)
Mid afternoon snack 125mls soya yoghurt (added calcium)
Choose from the list of snacks below Small mug herbal tea
10 11
Date:......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Food Symptoms
It is recommended that you keep a record of foods consumed and symptoms experienced to Evening meal: Time:
help you know which foods may be an issue and which will need retesting. An example is set out
for you here. These diary pages can be found online for printing.
If you are a healthcare professional please visit www.elemental028.com to access the pages.
If you are a patient/carer, please visit www.crohns.org.uk
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Local health food shops / additional information Stage 2: Reintroduction Stage
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... When can I start the reintroduction stage?
You can start the reintroduction stage in discussion with your Dietitian. This will be when
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... you are symptom free or if you have minimal symptoms after following the basic LOFFLEX
diet for at least 2 weeks. If you have also been prescribed medications for the treatment, or
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
maintenance of remission, of Crohn’s disease, these should be at a stable dose when starting
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
food reintroductions; discuss this with your Dietitian.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
How do I reintroduce foods?
Foods must be reintroduced one by one back in to your diet. Each food should be reintroduced
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... or ‘tested’ twice a day for four days in your normal portion size of that food (unless otherwise
stated in the table below).
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
If your symptoms DO NOT return when testing a food, you can assume that the food is ‘safe’ or
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ‘tolerated’ and subsequently include it in your diet. You can then go on to test the next new food.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... If your symptoms DO return when testing a food, this food was probably responsible and
should be left out of your diet. You do not need to continue testing this food for the full testing
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
period. It is important to wait until your symptoms have settled before testing a new food as it is
impossible to assess your reaction to other foods accurately during this time. Symptoms may last
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
for two days or longer. Contact your Dietitian if they do not settle after four days.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
If you are unsure about your tolerance to any food, leave this food out of your diet while you
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... complete the reintroduction stage and re-test this food at the end.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Foods identified to trigger your symptoms can be re-tested at the end of the food reintroduction
stage to confirm this.
......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
At the end of the reintroduction stage, you will have identified your ‘safe’ diet which will include
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... all the foods that have not triggered symptoms on testing.
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Food group Reintroduction details Food group Reintroduction details
Caffeinated tea If both desired, test tea for two days, then coffee for two days. White wheat Test as white flour, white pasta, wheat & rice breakfast cereal flakes
or coffee Add soya milk or rice milk if desired. e.g. Special K, special flakes.
If white wheat is not tolerated, see ‘wheat free flours and bread’
Eggs Test whole eggs (white & yolk) either boiled, poached, scrambled or
section below.
omelette made with soya milk/rice milk & dairy free spread.
Wholegrain Test only if white wheat is tolerated.
Oats Test oats and oat products e.g. porridge, oatcakes, homemade flapjacks
wheat Test as wholemeal pasta, wholemeal flour, wholegrain breakfast cereals
(made from suitable ingredients).
e.g. Weetabix, Shredded wheat, Shreddies.
Choose wheat / gluten-free varieties.
Bread Test only if wheat is tolerated.
Onions Test red or white or spring onions, cooked and/or raw.
Test at least 2 slices twice a day.
Cooked onions may be better tolerated.
Test white bread for 2 days, then wholemeal or granary bread for 2 days
Dairy butter Spread on rice cakes, add to potatoes or use in baking. (if wholegrain wheat tolerated).
If symptom free after 4 days, milk-containing margarines can
If bread is not tolerated, test soda bread (yeast free).
also be included.
If not tolerated, discuss further dairy reintroductions with your Dietitian. Wheat free flours Test if wheat flour is not tolerated.
and bread Test wheat free products in the following order:
Cheese (cows’) Test Cheddar cheese.
If symptom free after 4 days, other cheese such as french cheeses, goats’ - low fibre wheat free types of flour
cheese and sheeps’ cheese are likely to be tolerated. Do not introduce - higher fibre wheat free types of flour
processed cheese at this stage. - breads made from tolerated flours, low and/or high fibre, as preferred.
If not tolerated, discuss further dairy reintroductions with your Dietitian. (Discuss suitable varieties and appropriate recipes with your Dietitian)
Yoghurt (cows’) Test preferred variety. Check yoghurt does not contain ingredients that Tomatoes Test fresh and/or plain tinned tomatoes
have not yet been tested. (not with added herbs, garlic, onion).
If not tolerated, discuss further dairy reintroductions with your Dietitian.
Garden peas Test fresh, tinned and/or frozen garden peas.
Cows’ milk Test 1/2 to 1 pint spread throughout the day, of preferred variety
(full fat/ semi skimmed/ skimmed). Chocolate Test milk chocolate only if cow’s milk is tolerated.
If symptom free after completing all of the above dairy reintroductions, If cows’ milk is not tolerated, test plain chocolate or cocoa powder in
it is likely that all dairy products (with ‘safe’ other ingredients) will be baking or mixed with soya milk as a drink.
tolerated.
Apple Test whole fruit and/or juice. Stewed apple may be better tolerated.
If not tolerated, discuss further dairy reintroductions with your Dietitian.
Wine Test 1-2 small glasses (125mls) per day (can be used in cooking).
Banana Test one twice a day. (white or red) Test white wine for 2 days, then red wine for 2 days if both desired.
(riper/yellower bananas may be better tolerated than
less ripe/ greener bananas). Pulse beans, Test 3 heaped tablespoons twice a day.
lentils Those following a vegetarian diet may wish to introduce these sooner;
Pork Test unprocessed, lean cuts of pork with visible fat removed e.g. roast,
(discuss with your Dietitian).
chops, loins for 2 days.
If tolerated then test bacon (not streaky)/ gammon/ ham for 2 days Corn (maize) Test cornflakes, polenta or cornflour in baking.
(check other ingredients are suitable).
Citrus fruits Test whole fruit and/or juice.
(orange, lemon,
lime, grapefruit)
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Food group Reintroduction details Food reintroduced Symptoms
Date:
Do I need to continue a food and symptom diary
during the reintroduction stage?
Yes, it is important to continue to keep a food and symptom diary during the reintroduction
stage, clearly indicating the food you have introduced e.g. using capital letters.
Set out your diary in a notebook in the same way as for the basic stage of the diet. Summarise
your food reintroduction results in the table on the page. Bring both this summary and your
notebook to your appointments. Date:
Who can I contact if I have any queries about the LOFFLEX diet?
Please contact your Dietitian if you have any queries about the diet or if you are finding it difficult
to follow.
Date:
Dietitian:..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Contact details:.............................................................................................................................................................................................................
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SCC 2512 AUGUST 2013