Approval Sheet

The project report entitled “MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING PHOTOVOLTAIC

PANEL” submitted by Mr.…….. (B12091XXX), Mr.………… (B12091XXX),
Mr.…………. (B12091XXX) is approved for the partial fulfillment of the requirement for
the award of degree in Electrical Engineering.

Project Guide H.O.D.

[Prof. P. S. Phutane] [Prof. N.P.Zinjad]

Date:
Place: DYPIET, Ambi, Talegaon Dabhade

iii
Acknowledgement

We express our sense of gratitude towards our project guide Prof..….. for his/her valuable
guidance at every step of study of this dissertation, also his/her contribution for the solution
of every problem at each stage.

We are thankful to Prof. N.P.Zinjad Head of the department Electrical Engineering and all
the staff members who extended the preparatory steps of this dissertation.

We are very much thankful to respected Principal Dr. L.V.Kamble for his support and
providing all facilities to complete the project.

Finally we want to thank to all of our friends for their support & suggestions. Last but not the
least we want to express thanks to our family for giving us support and confidence at each
and every stage of this project.

Student name 1 (seat no.)

Student name 2 (seat no.)

Student name 3 (seat no.)

iv
 Abstract
Fingerprint is a reliable biometric feature having a wide range of applications that require
authentication. Person specific verification is needed in many scenarios such as access
control, classroom attendance and financial transactions etc. The system relies on biometrics
(fingerprint) to enhance the physical security of the lab and provides a demonstration of
advanced technologies. Here we are Firstly person verify its finger print using controller.
Controller check with stored database. If the person is unauthorised that time. system will off
and buzzer will beep. Information will displayed on LCD like unauthorized person. If the
person is authorised controller sends the signal to relay to switch on the mains supply. And
all information related to load consumption will be Updated on web server. You can verify
the load consumption with time on duration graphically using IOT. Password based keypad is
used here.We can set here time by RTC according to your practical timing. So after
completion of the practical system will automatically get OFF. All related information will
be displayed on LCD.

Keywords- Arduino Uno, Iot Module, Lcd Display, Fingerprint Module.

v
List of Abbreviation

Abbreviation Definition

CFL Compact Fluorescent Light

CPP Conventional Photovoltaic Panel
D Dimension
d Distance between Panel and Bulb
DSSC Dye Synthesized Solar Cell

vi
List of Figures

Figure No. Figure Name Page No

1.1
1.2

vii
List of Tables
Table No. Table Name Page No
1.1
1.2

viii
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement 1
1.3 Research Gap 2
1.4 Motivation 2
1.5 Objective 3
1.6 Project Scope 3
1.7 Organization of Thesis 4

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

3. CHAPTER 3
3.1
3.2
3.3
….
4. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
4.1 Methodology
4.2 Block Diagram
4.3 Working of System
4.4 List of Component
4.5 Expenditure
5. RESULT ANALYSIS

6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

6.1 Conclusion
6.2 Future Scope

References
Annexure I
Annexure II

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INTRODUCTION

Fingerprint based security is well known for its reliability. To protect the entering of
unauthorized person, only authorized person can enter. This project provides a facility of
security. It is quite easy in installation and use.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Designing a sensor based controlling and operation of power supply based on fingerprint
recognition with minimal intervention of the class teacher.

• Low power consumption, low cost, small size, excellent performance.

• To maximize accuracy.

• These safeguards make fingerprints data storage secure and unusable even if a data
breach occurs.

• A fingerprint recognition system can be used for both verification and identification.

• wet fingers may require multiple attempts to be scanned on a capacitive scanner.

• Worn off fingerprints may also require multiple attempts to scan.

MOTIVATION

Motivation and Challenges Every organization whether it be an educational institution or

business organization, it has to maintain a proper record of power supply and also a load
consumption will updated over IOT. Designing a better controlling and operation power supply
system for improving practical lab security. so that records to be maintained with ease and
accuracy was an important key behind motivating this project. This would improve accuracy of a
consumption of load records because it will remove all the human efforts and will save valuable
time of the when the completion of practical then no need to off the system automatically turn
off the power supply. and fingerprint recognition are very advanced today in terms of
technology. I try to make an application with this technology.

10
OBJECTIVES

1. The devices will be controlled by manual operation.

2. A reliable, compact, fast and low cost based on RTC we can extend practical timings also
system.

3. Quick response is achieved.

4. Power consumption is low.

5. Using IOT we can monitor last 3 months records of load. Which is updated over things speak.

11
PROJECT SCOPE

 Prevents unauthorized use or access.

 Adds a higher level of security to an identification process

 The collection of fingerprints of all the voters is little difficult. BUT here we have one
more option that is using keypad we can enter the password to on the power supply. If
any faculty is not available.

 Here we are also using the IOT module for updating load related data over web server.

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LITERATURE SURVEY

1. IOT BASED INTERACTIVE CONTROLLING AND MONITORING SYSTEM

FOR HOME AUTOMATION
AUTHOR:- Uma Gurav, Chandradeep Patil

The “IOT based Interactive Controlling and Monitoring System for home automation” is a new
technological advancement which can control and monitor devices nor only for home automation
but any real life appliances remotely. Any automation project using embedded system like PIC
Microcontroller provides an intelligent , low cost, energy preserving system for homes ,schools
hospitals. The main objective of this paper is to design and provide implementation details of
IOT based ICMS for home as well as for any real life applications to automatically switch on/off
lights, fans, gas, curtains ,gates using sensors, which is capable of controlling and automating
most of the real life appliances through an easy manageable android based interface. The same
project can be scaled up in distributed systems for any real life application.

2. IOT BASED LAB AUTOMATION SYSTEM

AUTHOR:- Prof. V. P. Kaduskar1, Nitish Gupta2, Yash Bhardwaj3, Shivam Kumar4

In this paper we presented the a Lab Automation System (LAS) using Nodemcu
esp8266 that employs the integration of cloud networking, wireless communication, which
provide the user with remote control of lights, fans, and appliances within their lab and
storing the data in the cloud. The system will automatically change on the basis of sensors’
data. This system is designed with low cost and expanded in lab to control variety of
devices.

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 3. ARDUINO BASED SECURITY SYSTEM – AN APPLICATION OF IOT
Internet Of Things (IOT) is an upcoming technology that makes use of Internet to control/monitor physical devices
connected to the Internet. The basic premise is to have smart sensors collaborate directly without human
involvement to deliver a new class of applications. IOT gives user the ability to control more than one digital thing
easily through a comfortable GUI over the Internet. By this paper an effort has been made to concentrate on
researching in the field of IOT and making the use of the latest tools in the field of IOT to provide better user
experience to the naive users of IOT. This research paper is based on the concepts of IOT, where in an unauthorised
or unwanted intrusion or motion is detected using different hardware and software tools. This paper makes the use of
an Arduino Uno board, which forms the basis of this IOT research. To the Arduino, an ultrasonic sensor that detects
the movement of a person is used in unison with a Piezo buzzer. An effort is being made to use a GSM module with
the Arduino. This will be used to send and receive messages. A message would be sent to the authorised number
whenever an unwanted movement is detected by the sensor. On detection of an unauthorised movement, first the
buzzer starts sounds alarm at a particular tone and then the message is sent to the user/owner. In addition to this, an
effort would be made to use a Wi-Fi module also. This Wi-Fi module is used to connect to the Internet in order to
send and receive the data. The received data is projected onto a cloud based server dashboard to detect flow of
intruder in the system. Lastly, a cloud storage system called pCloud.com is used to store the information,
documentation and research related to this project.

4. IOT BASED WIRELESS ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM USING

FINGER PRINT RECOGNITION
AUTHOR:- D.Narendharsingh1, Anusha Reddy2 and Dr.Sharma Sudhir Kumar
Attendance is for keeping records of number of students present in schools, colleges or in
any organization. It is very important strand in maintaining discipline among employees in an
organization and imparting quality education in schools, colleges and if someone drifts from
required standards proper action can be taken. Complexity of this process increases even more
with increase in number of students. In proposed system two hardware devices are there, first
one is a handheld device which will be there in every classroom for taking attendance and second
one will be a local server for all handheld devices in the network. Handheld devices are designed
on Arduino microcontroller, 16x2 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), Zig-Bee module, Fingerprint

14
module. Local server is Raspberry Pi web server interfaced with Zig-Bee series 2 module based
on an IEEE 802.15 standard.

5. IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM ON A

DEDICATED WEB-SERVER
AUTHOR:- Nadar Prince, Abhishek Sengupta, Ms.Keerthi Unni

In this paper the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is applied to the basic attendance system in
a class room. A portable device is designed, where in every student can feed his/her attendance
during each lecture. The student verification is done using R-305 Finger Print module. The
student data is fed already in the finger print module. Once successful recognition of finger print
pattern is done, the student’s attendance is ready to be pushed to the web-server. This data is sent
through the serial interface to the Arduino. Arduino provides a data sequence, which is a
combination of the student ID, teacher ID and device ID i:e a unique no. of the hardware, so that
the attendance cannot be forged. This combination is then sent to the web-server using Wi-Fi
Module esp8266-01. This combination is to be sent to the web-server, where it will be decoded.
In order for this value to reach the web-server, esp8266 provides wireless connection to the
access point, which is in the range, and whose credentials are available. Esp8266 gets access to
the internet from the access point(AP), whose Service Set Identifier (SSID) and password is fed
in the esp8266 module already. Once the combination reaches the web-server, a PHP script does
the subsequent work, to interpret the data, and the MySQL database is updated. Data from the
database is retrieved and sent to the website for easy viewing by the student. The whole system is
implemented on a dedicated web-server. As a result, the real-time behavior can be analyzed,
which helps us to understand the latency and efficiency of the entire system.

6. IOT BASED LOCKER SYSTEM BASED ON FINGERPRINT AND ESP

15
 MODULE
AUTHOR: -Yedidi Sai Mounika and 2 Mrs. T.M. Sirisha

This project is proposed to develop an application for the “OPTIMIZED LOCKING AND
UNLOCKING A SYSTEM USING FINGER PRINT AND ESP8266 WITH AMAZON CLOUD
“ Smart Automation System playing a major role which helps in reducing a work done manually
by using some embedded hardware and technologies that come with it. The anticipated effort is
to send a signal to locker door from a Tablet or mobile devices by using wireless system through
the web page we can see the details of locker status. This permits the user to lock and unlock a
locker through fingerprint and WIFI authentication. The idyllic resolution of the work is that, if
the locker is not locked and its status, the user will have the authenticated entry through the
locker door from fingerprint or Laptop via webpage authentication and entry times are noted in
the database located in the secured cloud. This procedure adds a security layer to the system and
reduces human resources to protect the locker system to save energy and time.

HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

 ARDUINO UNO

 FINGER PRINT MODULE

 LCD DISPLAY

 LOAD

 RELAY MODULE

 POWER SUPPLY

16
ARDUINO UNO

Arduinouno

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has 14
digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz
ceramic resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button. It
contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with
a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. The Uno differs from
all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial driver chip. Instead, it
features the Atmega16U2 (Atmega8U2 up to version R2) programmed as a USB-to-serial
converter.

17
MicrocontrollerATmega328

Operating Voltage5V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 6

DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader S

RAM 2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

18
The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power supply. The
power source is selected automatically. External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-
to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-
positive plug into the board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and
Vin pin headers of the POWER connector. The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to
20 volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and
the board may be unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and
damage the board. The recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows: •
VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power source (as
opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power source). You can supply
voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the power jack, access it through this pin. •
5V. The regulated power supply used to power the microcontroller and other components on the
board. This can come either from VIN via an on-board regulator, or be supplied by USB or

19
another regulated 5V supply. • 3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator.
Maximum current draw is 50 mA. • GND. Ground pins.

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(),
digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or
receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of
20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions: • Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX).
Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. TThese pins are connected to the
corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB-to-TTL Serial chip . • External Interrupts: 2 and 3.
These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a
change in value. See the attachInterrupt() function for details. • PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11.
Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function. • SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12
(MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication, which, although provided by the
underlying hardware, is not currently included in the Arduino language. • LED: 13. There is a
built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH value, the LED is on, when the
pin is LOW, it's off.

The Uno has 6 analog inputs, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different
values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the
upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function. Additionally,
some pins have specialized functionality: • I 2C: 4 (SDA) and 5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI)
communication using the Wire library. There are a couple of other pins on the board: • AREF.
Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference(). • Reset. Bring this line
LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset button to shields which block the
one on the board.

The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another
Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial
communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega8U2 on the
board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a virtual com port to
software on the computer. The '8U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no
external driver is needed. However, on Windows, an *.inf file is required.. The Arduino software
includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino

20
board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the
USB-toserial chip and USB connection to the computer (but not for serial communication on
pins 0 and 1). A SoftwareSerial library allows for serial communication on any of the Uno's
digital pins. The ATmega328 also support I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino
software includes a Wire library to simplify use of the I2C bus

The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software (download). Select "Arduino
Uno w/ ATmega328" from the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your
board). For details, see the reference and tutorials. The ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno comes
preburned with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an
external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference,
C header files). You can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the
ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header; see these instructions for details. The
ATmega8U2 firmware source code is available . The ATmega8U2 is loaded with a DFU
bootloader, which can be activated by connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board
(near the map of Italy) and then resetting the 8U2. You can then use Atmel's FLIP software
(Windows) or the DFU programmer (Mac OS X and Linux) to load a new firmware. Or you can
use the ISP header with an external programmer (overwriting the DFU bootloader).

RELAY MODULE

21
 A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to
mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solid-state
relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with
complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits
must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as
amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitted it on another
circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform
logical operations.

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric
motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with
no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with
calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect
electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are
performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays".

Magnetic Latching Relays Magnetic Latching relays require one pulse of coil power to
move their contacts in one direction, and another, redirected pulse to move them back. Repeated
pulses from the same input have no effect. Magnetic Latching relays are useful in applications
where interrupted power should not be able to transition the contacts.

22
 Magnetic Latching relays can have either single or dual coils. On a single coil device, the
relay will operate in one direction when power is applied with one polarity, and will reset when
the polarity is reversed. On a dual coil device, when polarized voltage is applied to the reset coil
the contacts will transition. AC controlled magnetic latch relays have single coils that employ
steering diodes to differentiate between operate and reset commands.

A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a soft iron core,
an iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature,
and one or more sets of contacts (there are two in the relay pictured). The armature is hinged to
the yoke and mechanically linked to one or more sets of moving contacts.

It is held in place by a spring so that when the relay is de-energized there is an air gap in
the magnetic circuit. In this condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay pictured is
closed, and the other set is open. Other relays may have more or fewer sets of contacts depending
on their function. The relay in the picture also has a wire connecting the armature to the yoke.
This ensures continuity of the circuit between the moving contacts on the armature, and the
circuit track on the printed circuit board (PCB) via the yoke, which is soldered to the PCB.

When an electric current is passed through the coil it generates a magnetic field that
activates the armature and the consequent movement of the movable contact either makes or
breaks (depending upon construction) a connection with a fixed contact. If the set of contacts
was closed when the relay was de-energized, then the movement opens the contacts and breaks
the connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open. When the current to the coil is switched
off, the armature is returned by a force, approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to its
relaxed position. Usually this force is provided by a spring, but gravity is also used commonly in
industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a low-voltage
application this reduces noise; in a high voltage or current application it reduces arcing.

23
FINGERPRINT MODULE

PreviousNext

24
FP-SDK-3935

This is a fingure print sensor module with TTL UART interface for direct connections to
microcontroller UART or to PC through MAX232 / USB-Serial adapter. The user can store the finger
print data in the module and can configure it in 1:1 or 1: N mode for identifying the person.The FP
module can directly interface with 3v3 or 5v Microcontroller. A level converter (like MAX232) is
required for interfacing with PC serial port.
Optical biometric fingerprint reader with great features and can be embedded into a variety of end
products, such as: access control, attendance, safety deposit box, car door locks
Features

 Integrated image collecting and algorithm chip together, ALL-in-One

 Fingerprint reader can conduct secondary development, can be embedded into a variety of
end products
 Low power consumption, low cost, small size, excellent performance
 Professional optical technology, precise module manufacturing techniques
 Good image processing capabilities, can successfully capture image up to resolution 500 dpi

Specifications

 Fingerprint sensor type: Optical

 Sensor Life: 100 million times
 Static indicators: 15KVBacklight: bright green
 Interface: USB1.1/UART(TTL logical level)
 RS232 communication baud rate: 4800BPS~115200BPS changeable
 Dimension: 55*32*21.5mm
 Image Capture Surface 15—18(mm)
 Verification Speed: 0.3 sec
 Scanning Speed: 0.5 sec
 Character file size: 256 bytes
 Template size: 512 bytes
 Storage capacity: 250
 Security level: 5 (1,2,3,4,5(highest))
 False Acceptance Rate (FAR) :0.0001%
 False Rejection Rate (FRR): 0.1%
 Resolution 500 DPI
 Voltage :3.6-6.0 VDC
 Working current: Typical 90 mA, Peak 150mA
 Matching Method: 1: N
 Operating Environment Temperature: -20 to 45° centigrades

2. KEYPAD

25
Matrix Keypad 4x4, Membrane type, Self Adhesive

26
PreviousNext

27
This 16-button keypad provides a useful human interface component for microcontroller projects.
Convenient adhesive backing provides a simple way to mount the keypad in a variety of
applications. The Keypad 4x4 features a total of 16 buttons in Matrix form. This is a membrane
keypad with no moving parts. It has a nice overlay depicating a telephone type keypad with
additional four functional buttons. A female 8-pin berg connector is provided for interfacing it with
your mirocontroller circuits.
Features

 Ultra-thin design
 Adhesive backing
 Excellent price/performance ratio
 Easy interface to any microcontroller

Application Ideas

 Security systems
 Menu selection
 Data entry for embedded systems

Key Specifications

 Maximum Rating: 24 VDC, 30 mA

 Interface: 8-pin access to 4x4 matrix
 Operating temperature: 32 to 122 °F (0 to 50°C)
 Dimensions: Keypad, 2.7 x 3.0 in (6.9 x 7.6 cm)

Spefications

 Cable Length: 3-1/3" or 85mm (include connector)

 Weight: 8g
 Connector: Dupont 8 pins, 0.1" (2.54mm) Pitch
 Mount Style: Self-Adherence
 Max. Circuit Rating: 24VDC, 30mA
 Insulation Spec.: 100M Ohm, 100V
 Dielectric Withstand: 250VRms (60Hz, 1min)
 Contact Bounce: <=5ms
 Life Expectancy: 1 million closures
 Operation Temperature: -20 to +40 °C

How it Works
Matrix keypads use a combination of four rows and four columns to provide button states to the host
device, typically a microcontroller. Underneath each key is a pushbutton, with one end connected to
one row, and the other end connected to one column. These connections are shown below.

28
29
1. LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY):

LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display. LCD is finding wide spread use replacing LEDs (seven
segment LEDs or other multi segment LEDs) because of the following reasons:

1. The declining prices of LCDs.

2. The ability to display numbers, characters and graphics. This is in contrast to LEDs, which are
limited to numbers and a few characters.

3. Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD, thereby relieving the CPU of the task of
refreshing the LCD. In contrast, the LED must be refreshed by the CPU to keep displaying the
data.

4. Ease of programming for characters and graphics.

These components are “specialized” for being used with the microcontrollers, which means that
they cannot be activated by standard IC circuits. They areused for writing different messages on
a miniature LCD.

A model described here is for its low price and great possibilities most frequently used in
practice. It is based on the HD44780 microcontroller (Hitachi) and can display messages in two
lines with 16 characters each. It displays all the alphabets, Greek letters, punctuation marks,
mathematical symbols etc. In addition, it is possible to display symbols that user makes up on its

30
own. Automatic shifting message on display (shift left and right), appearance of the pointer,
backlight etc. are considered as useful characteristics.

Pins Functions

There are pins along one side of the small printed board used for connection to the
microcontroller. There are total of 14 pins marked with numbers (16 in case the background light
is built in). Their function is described in the table below:

Pin Logic
Function Name Description
Number State

Ground 1 Vss - 0V

Power supply 2 Vdd - +5V

Contrast 3 Vee - 0 - Vdd

D0 – D7 are interpreted as
0
4 RS commands
1
D0 – D7 are interpreted as data

Write data (from controller to

0 LCD)
Control of 5 R/W
1 Read data (from LCD to
operating
controller)

0 Access to LCD disabled

1 Normal operating
6 E
From 1 to Data/commands are transferred
0 to LCD

Data /7 D0 0/1 Bit 0 LSB

31
commands 8 D1 0/1 Bit 1

9 D2 0/1 Bit 2

10 D3 0/1 Bit 3

11 D4 0/1 Bit 4

12 D5 0/1 Bit 5

13 D6 0/1 Bit 6

14 D7 0/1 Bit 7 MSB

LCD screen:

LCD screen consists of two lines with 16 characters each. Each character consists of 5x7 dot
matrix. Contrast on display depends on the power supply voltage and whether messages are
displayed in one or two lines. For that reason, variable voltage 0-Vdd is applied on pin marked as
Vee. Trimmer potentiometer is usually used for that purpose. Some versions of displays have
built in backlight (blue or green diodes). When used during operating, a resistor for current
limitation should be used (like with any LE diode).

32
33
LCD Basic Commands

All data transferred to LCD through outputs D0-D7 will be interpreted as commands or as data,
which depends on logic state on pin RS:

RS = 1 - Bits D0 - D7 are addresses of characters that should be displayed. Built in processor

addresses built in “map of characters” and displays corresponding symbols. Displaying position
is determined by DDRAM address. This address is either previously defined or the address of
previously transferred character is automatically incremented.

RS = 0 - Bits D0 - D7 are commands which determine display mode. List of commands which
LCD recognizes are given in the table below:

Execution
Command RS RW D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Time

Clear display 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.64mS

Cursor home 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 x 1.64mS

Entry mode set 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 I/D S 40uS

Display on/off control 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D U B 40uS

Cursor/Display Shift 0 0 0 0 0 1 D/C R/L x x 40uS

Function set 0 0 0 0 1 DL N F x x 40uS

Set CGRAM address 0 0 0 1 CGRAM address 40uS

Set DDRAM address 0 0 1 DDRAM address 40uS

Read “BUSY” flag (BF) 0 1 BF DDRAM address -

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Write to CGRAM or
1 0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 40uS
DDRAM

Read from CGRAM or

1 1 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 40uS
DDRAM

I/D 1 = Increment (by 1) R/L 1 = Shift right

0 = Decrement (by 1) 0 = Shift left

S 1 = Display shift on DL 1 = 8-bit interface

0 = Display shift off 0 = 4-bit interface

D 1 = Display on N 1 = Display in two lines

0 = Display off 0 = Display in one line

U 1 = Cursor on F 1 = Character format 5x10 dots

0 = Cursor off 0 = Character format 5x7 dots

B 1 = Cursor blink on D/C 1 = Display shift

0 = Cursor blink off 0 = Cursor shift

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LCD Initialization:

Once the power supply is turned on, LCD is automatically cleared. This process lasts for
approximately 15mS. After that, display is ready to operate. The mode of operating is set by
default. This means that:

1. Display is cleared

2. Mode

DL = 1 Communication through 8-bit interface

N = 0 Messages are displayed in one line

F = 0 Character font 5 x 8 dots

3. Display/Cursor on/off

D = 0 Display off

U = 0 Cursor off

B = 0 Cursor blink off

4. Character entry

ID = 1 Addresses on display are automatically incremented by 1

S = 0 Display shift off

Automatic reset is mainly performed without any problems. Mainly but not always! If for any
reason power supply voltage does not reach full value in thecourse of 10mS, display will start
perform completely unpredictably. If voltage supply unit cannot meet this condition or if it is
needed to provide completely safe operating, the process of initialization by which a new reset
enabling display to operate normally must be applied. Algorithm according to the initialization is
being performed depends on whether connection to the microcontroller is through 4- or 8-bit
interface. All left over to be done after that is to give basic commands and of course- to display
messages.

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Fig: Procedure on 8-bit initialization.

37
 SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT:

1. ARDUINO software is used

HOW TO START WITH ARDUINO SOFTWARE

1. | Get an Arduino or Genuino board and USB cable. ...

2. | Download and install the Arduino Software (IDE) ...
3. | Connect the board. ...
4. | Install the board drivers. ...
5. | Launch the Arduino Software (IDE) ...
6. | Open the blink example. ...
7. | Select your board. ...
8. | Select your serial port.

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 1. Get an Arduino or Genuino board and USB cable
In this tutorial, we assume you're using an Arduino or Genuino Uno or an Arduino or Genuino
Mega 2560. If you are using a retired board as Arduino Duemilanove, Nano or Diecimila please refer to
the driver installation instructions end of this document. If you have another board, read the
corresponding page linked in the main getting started page.

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 2. Download and install the Arduino Software (IDE)

Get the latest version from the download page. You can choose between the Installer (.exe) and
the Zip packages. We suggest you use the first one that installs directly everything you need to
use the Arduino Software (IDE), including the drivers. With the Zip package you need to install
the drivers manually.

When the download finishes, proceed with the installation and please allow the driver installation
process.

Choose the components to install

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 Choose the installation directory (we suggest to keep the default one)

The process will extract and install all the required files to execute properly the Arduino
Software (IDE)

3. Connect the board

The USB connection with the PC is necessary to program the board and not just to power it up.
The Uno and Mega automatically draw power from either the USB or an external power supply.
Connect the board to your computer using the USB cable. The green power LED (labelled PWR)
should go on.

4. Install the board drivers

If you used the Installer, Windows - from XP up to 10 - will install drivers automatically as soon
as you connect your board.

If you downloaded and expanded the Zip package or, for some reason, the board wasn't properly
recognized, please follow the procedure below.

 Click on the Start Menu, and open up the Control Panel.

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 While in the Control Panel, navigate to System and Security. Next, click on System. Once the System
window is up, open the Device Manager.
 Look under Ports (COM & LPT). You should see an open port named "Arduino UNO (COMxx)". If there
is no COM & LPT section, look under "Other Devices" for "Unknown Device".
 Right click on the "Arduino UNO (COmxx)" port and choose the "Update Driver Software" option.
 Next, choose the "Browse my computer for Driver software" option.
 Finally, navigate to and select the driver file named "arduino.inf", located in the "Drivers" folder of the
Arduino Software download (not the "FTDI USB Drivers" sub-directory). If you are using an old version
of the IDE (1.0.3 or older), choose the Uno driver file named "Arduino UNO.inf"
 Windows will finish up the driver installation from there.

5. Launch the Arduino Software (IDE)

Double-click the Arduino icon (arduino.exe) created by the installation process. (Note: if the
Arduino Software loads in the wrong language, you can change it in the preferences dialog.

6. Open the blink example

Open the LED blink example sketch: File > Examples >01.Basics > Blink.

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 7. Select your board

You'll need to select the entry in the Tools > Board menu that corresponds to your Arduino or
Genuino board.

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 8. Select your serial port

Select the serial device of the board from the Tools | Serial Port menu. This is likely to
be COM3 or higher (COM1 andCOM2 are usually reserved for hardware serial ports). To find
out, you can disconnect your board and re-open the menu; the entry that disappears should be the
Arduino or Genuino board. Reconnect the board and select that serial port.

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 9. Upload the program

Now, simply click the "Upload" button in the environment. Wait a few seconds - you should see
the RX and TX leds on the board flashing. If the upload is successful, the message "Done
uploading." will appear in the status bar.

A few seconds after the upload finishes, you should see the pin 13 (L) LED on the board start to
blink (in orange). If it does, congratulations! You've gotten Arduino or Genuino up-and-running

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 1. PROTEUS

What Is Proteus ??

Basically PROTEUS is also a simulating software but it helps you attach many
components with the 8051. Like resistors, capacitors, LEDs, LCDs, keypads, ICs etc. and
these are just few that I have named in general. It has a complete library and you will find
everything that you will ever need. You can design your complete circuit and then
simulate it to view the final output. This means that after perfecting your project on the
programming side in KEIL, you'll need to simulate it on PROTEUS to determine the
output of the hardware components and change it if need be. This will completely ensure
your project's success.

USING PROTEUS

PROTEUS is designed to be user-friendly and you will get the hold of it instantly. There is no
need to worry about some complex configuration / settings prior to simulation. Here are the
basic steps.

 Place your components from the library

 Connect them accordingly

 Load HEX file (if 8051 is involved)

 Simulate the circuit

UNDERSTAND EACH STEP IN DETAIL

1. PLACING COMPONENTS

 Click the "Pick from library (P)" button as shown in the figure

46
 Select any category

 Select item from the list

 Click OK

 After selecting component, click anywhere in the design area to select it and then click
again to place it

2. CONNECTING COMPONENTS

 Place all the required components

47
 Connect the desired nodes by clicking at starting and ending points

3. LOAD HEX FILE

 Double click the 8051 component to open its properties

 Browse for the HEX file as shown and select it

48
And don't worry, in PROTEUS, there is no need to provide the RESET circuit or crystal oscillator
to the microcontroller. It will work just fine even without it. The frequency can be adjusted in
the properties window as well.

4. SIMULATING THE CIRCUIT

 The controls at the left-bottom corner will help you simulate the circuit in real time

The above picture is the complete circuitry for testing an LED on P2.0 like toggling (ON / OFF)
through programming but we will get to that part later on. At this point, you will just see the
LED glow if you have programmed it to be always ON.

Like this developer done design on Proteus before starts working on Hardware.

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

METHODOLOGY

BLOCK DIAGRAM

50
WORKING OF THE PROJECT
1. Switch on the power supply.

2. Here finger print database will be created.

3. Firstly person verify its finger print using controller.

4. Controller check with stored database.

5. If the person is unauthorised that time.system will off and buzzer will beep. Information
will displayed on LCD like unauthorized person.

6. If the person is authorised controller sends the

signal to relay to switch on the mains supply.

7. And all information related to load consumption will be

Updated on web server. You can verify the load consumption with time on duration graphically
using IOT.

8. Password based keypad is used here.

9. We can set here time by RTC according to your practical timing. So after completion of the
practical system will automatically get OFF.

10. All related information will be displayed on LCD.

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RESULT AND ANALYSIS

52
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
The purpose system is more secure and transparent then normal existing system. The entry of
wrong data in finger print module system can be prevented by the use of finger print module and
also additional security is provided by the biometric confirmation. The authorised person is only
responsible for uses system

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ADVANTAGES
 Not contain mechanical component.

 Fast working.

 Less energy consumption.

 Complicated.

 More practical in application.

APPLICATIONS

 Security purpose

 Time and Attendance Systems

 Bank locker system

 To secure some important section in company & also in government office.

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REFERENCES

[1] A. Shahab, F. Shafait, and A. Dengel, “ICDAR 2011 robust reading competition: ICDAR
Robust Reading Competition Challenge 2: Reading text in scene images,” in Proc. Int. Conf.
Document Anal. Recognition,2011, pp. 1491–1496.
[2] Advance Data Reports from the National Health Interview Survey (2008).[Online].
Available: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/nhis_ad.htm.
[3] B. Epshtein, E. Ofek, and Y. Wexler, “Detecting text in natural scenes with stroke width
transform,” in Proc. Comput. Vision Pattern Recognition, 2010, pp. 2963–2970.
[4] C. Yi and Y. Tian, “Assistive text reading from complex background for blind persons,” in
Proc. Int. Workshop Camera-Based Document Anal.Recognit., 2011, vol. LNCS-7139, pp. 15–
28.
[5] C. Yi and Y. Tian, “Text string detection from natural scenes by structure based partition
and grouping,” IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 2594–2605, Sep. 2011.
[6] International Workshop on Camera-Based Document Analysis and Recognition (CBDAR
2005, 2007, 2009, 2011). [Online]. Available: http://www.m.cs.osakafuu.ac.jp/cbdar2011/
[7] J. Zhang and R. Kasturi, “Extraction of text objects in video documents: recent progress,” in
Proc. IAPR Workshop Document Anal. Syst., 2008, pp. 5–17.57
[8] K. Kim, K. Jung, and J. Kim, “Texture-based approach for text detection in images Using
support vector machines and continuously adaptive mean shift algorithm,” IEEE Trans. Pattern
Anal. Mach. Intel., vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 1631–1639, Dec. 2003.

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