SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

ON
IOT USING ARDUINO
AT
NIELIT( National Institute of electronics and information technology)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the

Btech in
“Electronics & communication”

SUBMITTED BY:-
NAME =Tushar kumar
Enrollment no.=01013207321
semester/year = 6th sem/ 3rd year
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I hereby take the opportunity to express my
deep sense of gratitude to my mentor guide for
his constant support and guidance.
His continuous encouragement during my
entire training period helped me to gain the
maximum knowledge.
I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to
members of the ECE Department for the
continuous guidance and encouragement.

TUSHAR KUMAR
 CERTIFICATE
This is certify that the training done by (Tushar kumar),
Enrollment number = 01013207321 has successfully
completed 6 WEEKS industrial training programme on

IOT USING ARDUINO at NIELIT( National Institute of

electronics and information technology) in online mode.

Mr MUKESH SAHU/ DR DEEPALI SHARMA

HOD’S ECE
6TH SEM ECE(LE)
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
1) COMPANY PROFILE :-

● NIELIT( National Institute of electronics and information technology)

2) Introduction to internet of things
3) learning Arduino platform in iot.
4) learning Arduino programming in iot.
5) Basic of sensor and Actuators using Arduino.
6) control embedded system devices using Arduino in iot.
7) IOT quiz
8) Project
 NIELIT
National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology (NIELIT)
is an autonomous scientific society of Ministry of Electronics &
Information Technology, Government of India.

NIELIT is engaged both in Formal & Non-Formal Education around IECT besides
development of industry-oriented quality education and training programmer in the
state-of-the-art areas. NIELIT has endeavored to establish standards to be the
country’s premier institution for Examination and Certification in the field of IECT. It
is also one of the National Examination Body, which accredits
institutes/organizations for conducting courses in IT in the non-formal sector.
 INTRODUCTION OF IOT
The Internet of things (IoT) describes physical objects (or groups of such
objects) with sensors, processing ability, software and other technologies
that connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the
Internet or other communications networks. Internet of things has been
considered a misnomer because devices do not need to be connected to
the public internet, they only need to be connected to a network,[6] and be
individually addressable.

The field has evolved due to the convergence of multiple technologies,

including ubiquitous computing, commodity sensors, increasingly powerful
embedded systems, as well as machine learning. Traditional fields of
embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems,
automation (including home and building automation), independently and
collectively enable the Internet of things. In the consumer market, IoT
technology is most synonymous with products pertaining to the concept of
the “smart home”, including devices and appliances (such as lighting
fixtures, thermostats, home security systems, cameras, and other home
appliances) that support one or more common ecosystems, and can be
controlled via devices associated with that ecosystem, such as
smartphones and smart speakers. IoT is also used in healthcare systems.

There are a number of concerns about the risks in the growth of IoT
technologies and products, especially in the areas of privacy and security,
and consequently, industry and governmental moves to address these
concerns have begun, including the development of international and local
standards, guidelines, and regulatory frameworks.
IOT ECOSYSTEM:-

An IoT ecosystem consists of interconnected devices that work

together to achieve a goal, such as creating a smart city with all
its amenities or bringing convenience to your home by
connecting multiple devices.
IOT WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE:-

• IOT has a core relationship with artificial intelligence.

• Iot is about connecting machines and making use of the
data generated from those machines
• But AI is about simulating intelligent behaviour on
machines of all kind.
• Data is only useful if you create an action
• To make the data processable they must be
complemented with creativity
• The AI in the iot in this contact that is connected
intelligence and not just connected devices.
• The strategy between iot and AI greatly enhancing the
capability of each entity
• AI perform several intelligent task( like speech
recognisation decision making language understanding,
etc.)…It is believed to perform task that were earlier
limited to human intelligence.
CHARACTERISTICS OF IOT:-
•Interconnectivity: With regard to the loT, anything can be
interconnected with the global information and communication
infrastructure.
•Heterogeneity: The devices in the loT are heterogeneous as
based on different hardware platforms and networks. They can
interact with other devices or service platforms through different
networks.
•Dynamic changes: The state of devices change dynamically,
e.g., sleeping and waking up, connected and/or disconnected as
well as the context of devices including location and speed.
Moreover, the number of devices can change dynamically
•Devices typically consume less power. When not in use, they
should be automatically programmed to sleep.
IOT – Basic Requirements:-
Connectivity: A wide variety of wired and wireless standards as
well as business entities are used to connect the things in the loT.
Power management: More things within the loT will be battery
powered or use energy harvesting to be more portable and self-
sustaining.
Security: Built-in hardware security and of existing connectivity
security protocols is essential to secure loT.
Complexity: Ease of design and development is essential to get
more things connected. The average consumer has to connect
and use their devices without a technical background.
Building Blocks of loT:-

•The network of physical objects (sensors and actuators),

software and network connectivity that enables these objects
togather and transmit data over the network and fulfill users tasks.
•Applications, Gateways, Processors and Sensor are the four
building blocks of loT system and they have own their
characteristics.
 IOT LEVEL:-
IoT ecosystem can be designed on different levels. Each level is fundamentally a roadmap of how to deploy the
components of the IoT ecosystem. Thus, the same IoT ecosystem can be designed using level 1 and level 2
standards both. The only thing that will differ is the way the components are arranged altogether.

Following are the six different levels of IoT:

1. Level 1: In this level all the components are deployed locally. There is no any cloud or external network
involved in the process.

Sensors, routers, cloud components, application etc. all are at the user’s end. This standard is good for
those ecosystems where data is neither big nor varying. A uniform stream of data is coming from a pre-
set group of sensors and that is all happening in a simple way.

An example of Level 1 IoT is a smart home.

2. Level 2: In this level all the components are deployed locally except the
servers. There is a cloud or an external network involved in the process.

At the user’s end there are only sensors, routers and application. The cloud part
is having the servers configured for the purpose of storage and analysis. This
standard is good for those ecosystems where data is big. A huge amount of
 data is coming from many components in the ecosystem and that too on a
rapid speed.

3. Level 3: In this level all the components are deployed locally except the
servers and the network connectivity part. There is a cloud or an external
network involved in the process.

At the user’s end there are only sensors and application. The cloud part is
having the essential networks for connectivity and servers configured for the
purpose of storage and analysis. This standard is good for those ecosystems
where data is big and varying. A huge amount of data is coming from many
components deployed in many ecosystems and that too on a rapid speed.

An example of Level 3 IoT is a smart industry.

4. Level 4: In this level also, all the components are deployed locally except the
servers and the network connectivity part. In some cases, sensors are also in the
cloud.At the user’s end there is only the application. The cloud part is having the
essential networks for connectivity and servers configured for the purpose of
 storage and analysis. This standard is good for those ecosystems where data big,
varying and is coming from mobile sources.

An example of Level 4 IoT is a courier tracking system.

5. Level 5: Level 5 IoT is very similar to Level 4 but with one major advancement.
In level 5 IoT, coordinator devices are also there in the local part of the
ecosystem. A coordinator device coordinates a certain set of sensing devices.
There is an Observer Node also in the cloud part that observes the entire
process.
6. Level 6: Level 6 IoT is very similar to Level 5 but with one major advancement.
In level 6 IoT, coordinator devices are replaced by a single component
Centralized Controller and that is there in the cloud part of the ecosystem.
PHYSICAL DESIGN OF IOT:-

•Physical design of iot system refer to the iot device and iot protocol.
Things are node device which have unique identities and can perform remote
sensing actuating and monitoring capabilities. Communication established
between things and cloud base server over the internet by various iot protocol.

Things in iot:-
•BASICALLY THINGS REFER TO IOT DEVICE WHICH HAVE UNIQUE
IDENTIFICATION AND CAN PERFORM REMOTE SENSING ACTUATING
MONITORING CAPABILITIES.
THINGS ARE THE MAIN PART OF IOT APPLICATION IOT DEVICE CAN BE
VARIOUS TYPE SENSING DEVICE SMART WATCHES SMART ELECTRONICS
APPLICATIONS WEARABLE SENSORS AUTOMOBILES INDUSTRIAL
MACHINES.

Iot protocols:-
loT protcols help to establish Communication between IoT
Device and Cloud based Server over the Internet. It help to
Sent commands to loT Device and received data from an loT
Device over the Internet. An image is given below. By this
Image you can understand which protocols used.

Data Link Layer:-

Data Link layer protocols determine how data is physically sent over the network’s
physical layer or Medium (wired or wireless). Data Link Layer Determines how the
packets are coded and signalled by The hardware device over the medium to which
the host Is attached.
Here we explain some Data Link Layer Protocols :-
•802.3-Ethernet
•802.11-WiFi 802.16-Wi-Max
•802.15.4-LR-WPAN
•2G/3G/4G
 LEARNING ARDUINO PLATFORM IN IOT:-
IN THIS SECTION I HAVE LEARN ABOUT THIS THINGS IN DURING MY
TRAINING PERIOD:-

Content:-
• Introduction to arduino
• Types of arduino board
• Arduino UNO
• Arduino board description.

Introduction to arduino

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use

hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light
on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it
into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing
something online.
Using the above image as a reference, the labeled components of the board
respectively are-

1. USB: can be used for both power and communication with the IDE
2. Barrel Jack: used for power supply
3. Voltage Regulator: regulates and stabilizes the input and output
voltages
4. Crystal Oscillator: keeps track of time and regulates processor
frequency
5. Reset Pin: can be used to reset the Arduino Uno
6. 3.3V pin: can be used as a 3.3V output
7. 5V pin: can be used as a 5V output
8. GND pin: can be used to ground the circuit
9. Vin pin: can be used to supply power to the board
10. Analog pins(A0-A5): can be used to read analog signals to the
board
11. Microcontroller(ATMega328): the processing and logical unit of
the board
12. ICSP pin: a programming header on the board also called SPI
13. Power indicator LED: indicates the power status of the board
14. RX and TX LEDs: receive(RX) and transmit(TX) LEDs, blink
when sending or receiving serial data respectively
15. Digital I/O pins: 14 pins capable of reading and outputting digital
signals; 6 of these pins are also capable of PWM
16. AREF pins: can be used to set an external reference voltage as
the upper limit for the analog pins
17. Reset button: can be used to reset the board

Getting started with the Arduino IDE

Now that you’re familiar with the hardware, its time to learn about the
development environment using which you’re going to program your Uno. The
Arduino IDE is the best place to start your journey in programming your Uno.
As you open the IDE, you’ll be greeted by a window similar to the one shown
in the above image. The text editor is where you’ll be writing your code; you’ll
use the verify button to compile and debug the written program, the save
button to save the program and the upload button to upload the program to
the board. Before you click on the upload button, it is necessary to select your
board, Uno in this case, from the tools menu in the Menu Bar. After you
choose your appropriate board, make sure you specify the correct port on
your PC or Mac that you’ve connected your Uno to, in the IDE.
Uploading first program
In this example program, we’ll be blinking the inbuilt L LED located right above
the RX and TX LEDs. The Arduino IDE includes many basic programs to help
you get started with your Uno. For this example, we’ll be using the inbuilt
‘Blink’ program. To open this program, go to the Files menu in the Menu Bar;
click on Examples; click on 01.Basics; select Blink. Now that you’ve opened
the example program, its time to upload the program, to do this, click on the
upload button and wait for the process to complete. If your Output Pane
header turns amber and shows an error which reads “Serial Port COM’x’ not
found”, you’ve not connected your board correctly or that you’ve not specified
the correct port that your board is connected to in the IDE. When you advance
and start writing your own programs, you might run into errors while compiling
and uploading; this can be because of a syntax error in the program. After
you’ve corrected the errors and uploaded the program, you’ll see that the
inbuilt LED blinks, alternating between the ON and OFF state every second.
LEARNING ARDUINO PROGRAMMING:-
In this content I have learn about this things:-
 BASIC OF SENSOR AND ACTUATORS USING
ARDUINO IN IOT AND SOME SMALL PROGRAM
EXPERIMENTS:-

IN THIS CONTENT DURING MY TRAINING PERIOD I LEARN ABOUT

THIS THINGS:-

CONTENT:-
• BLINKING VARIOUS LED’S
• TMP36 TEMPERATURE SENSOR AND LCD DISPLAY USING
ARDUINO
Blinking various LEDs.
Here, we will discuss a project to blink Six LEDs.

All the Six LEDs will glow one after the other.

Blinking various LEDs:-

Hardware Required:
The components required for the project are listed below:
•6 x red LED
•6 x 220 Ohm Resistors
•Arduino UNO R3 board
•Jump wires
•Breadboard

Principle:
•We will connect the Six LEDs to pins 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, and 2 of the Arduino
board. The required resistance of the resistors is enough to light up an LED
without damaging the board and other components.
•The LED arranged one after another will light up. We can also change or
rearrange the LEDs connected to the specified pin number on the board.
Structure of the project:
The structure clearly shows the UNO board’s pinout, and the Six LEDs with
resistors in series are connected to the board.It is shown below:

Connection:

•The connection of the above project is discussed here:-

•Connect the resistor of 220 Ohm in series with the Six LEDs. Now connect
it to the pin number 7, 6, 5,4,3 and 2 of the Arduino board.
•Connect the negative terminal of the Six LEDs to the GND (Ground).

CODE:-
int ledPins[] = {7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2};
int pinCount = 6;
void setup() {
for (int thisPin = 0; thisPin < pinCount; thisPin++) {
pinMode(ledPins[thisPin], OUTPUT);
}
}
Blinking various LEDs
void loop()
{
// loop from the lowest pin to the highest:
for (int thisPin = 0; thisPin < pinCount; thisPin++) {
// turn the pin on:
digitalWrite(ledPins[thisPin], HIGH);
delay(1000); // turn the pin off:
digitalWrite(ledPins[thisPin], LOW);
}
Blinking various LEDs
// loop from the highest pin to the lowest:
for (int thisPin = pinCount - 1;
thisPin--) {
// turn the pin on:
digitalWrite(ledPins[thisPin], HIGH);
delay(1000); // turn the pin off:
digitalWrite(ledPins[thisPin], LOW);
}
}
thisPin >= 0;
TMP36 Temperature Sensor and LCD Display
Using Arduino

•A temperature sensor is an electronic device that

measures the temperature of its environment and converts
the input data into electronic data to record, monitor, or
signal temperature changes.

•There are many different types of temperature sensors.

Some temperature sensors require direct contact with the
physical object that is being monitored (contact
temperature sensors), while others indirectly measure the
temperature of an object (non- contact temperature
sensors).
Temperature sensors and LCD can serve asA simple mechanism in different
situations Such as room temperature monitoring and Even plant monitoring or
any place that Considers temperature as an important Element!

The TMP36 has 3 pins, which can be easily identified by

Noticing the flat side of the sensor
The first pin is the +5V pin which will be connected to the
Supply.
The second pin is the Vout which will be connected to the
Analog In pin, (could be A0-A5). We used A0 for this project.
The third pin is the GND pin which will be connected to the
Ground of the Arduino.

List of Components :
Arduino Uno R3
Temperature Sensor (TMP36)
LCD 16x2
250kΩ Potentiometer
220Ω Resistor
CODE:-

// include the library code:

#include <LiquidCrystal.h>
// initialize the library with the numbers of the interface pins
LiquidCrystal lcd(12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2); // rs = 12, e=11, d4=5, d5=4, d6=3,
d7=2
Int val;
Int tempPin = A0;
Void setup() {
// set up the LCD’s number of columns and rows:
Lcd.begin(16, 2);
}
TMP36 Temperature Sensor and
LCD Display Using Arduino
Void loop() {
//lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
Val = analogRead(tempPin);
Float mv = ( val/1024.0)*5000;
Float cel = mv/10;
Float farh = (cel*9)/5 + 32;
Lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
Lcd.print(“TEMP(*C) = “);
Lcd.print(cel);
Lcd.print(“*C”);
Lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
Lcd.print(“TEMP(*F) = “);
Lcd.print(farh);
Lcd.print(“*F”);
Lcd.println();
Delay(1000);
}
IOT QUIZ:-

In these a quiz test is taken …………

Marks of Quiz test obtained:-

PROJECT:-

DURING MY TRAINING PERIOD IN IOT AT THE END OF

INTERNSHIP , I MADE A SIMPLE PROJECT BASED ON IOT USING
ARDUINO ON HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM IN TINKARCAD
(VIRTUALLY) ON A SOFTWARE………...

Component required for home automation using sensor:-

1. ARDUINO UNO
2. RELAY’S
3. PUSH BUTTON
4. WIRES
5. 💡 Bulb
6. IR SENSOR
7. POWER SUPPLY
8. DC MOTOR
9. HOBBY GEAR MOTOR
10. VIBRATION MOTOR
LINK FOR MY HOME AUTOMATION PROJECT WITH SENSOR:-

https://www.tinkercad.com/things/kTiwQUugzzH

This is TINKARCAD software link where I made project on home

automation…….
Home automation system on tinkercad with code :-
Code:-
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Wire.h>

#include <IRremote.h>

Const int relay_1 = 10;

Const int relay_2 = 11;
Const int relay_3 = 12;
Const int relay_4 = 13;

Const int mswitch_1 = 8;

Const int mswitch_2 = 7;
Const int mswitch_3 = 6;
Const int mswitch_4 = 4;

Int RECV_PIN = 3;

IRrecv irrecv(RECV_PIN);
Decode_results results;

Int toggleState_1 = 0;
Int toggleState_2 = 0;
Int toggleState_3 = 0;
Int toggleState_4 = 0;

Void setup() {

Serial.begin(9600);
Irrecv.enableIRIn();

pinMode(relay_1, OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay_2, OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay_3, OUTPUT);
pinMode(relay_4, OUTPUT);

pinMode(mswitch_1, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(mswitch_2, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(mswitch_3, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(mswitch_4, INPUT_PULLUP);
}

Void relayOnOff(int relay){

Switch(relay){
Case 1:
If(toggleState_1 == 0){
digitalWrite(relay_1, HIGH); // turn on relay 1
 toggleState_1 = 1;
}
Else{
digitalWrite(relay_1, LOW); // turn off relay 1
toggleState_1 = 0;
}
Delay(100);
Break;
Case 2:
If(toggleState_2 == 0){
digitalWrite(relay_2, HIGH); // turn on relay 2
toggleState_2 = 1;
}
Else{
digitalWrite(relay_2, LOW); // turn off relay 2
toggleState_2 = 0;
}
Delay(100);
Break;
Case 3:
If(toggleState_3 == 0){
digitalWrite(relay_3, HIGH); // turn on relay 3
toggleState_3 = 1;
}else{
digitalWrite(relay_3, LOW); // turn off relay 3
 toggleState_3 = 0;
}
Delay(100);
Break;
Case 4:
If(toggleState_4 == 0){
digitalWrite(relay_4, HIGH); // turn on relay 4
toggleState_4 = 1;
}
Else{
digitalWrite(relay_4, LOW); // turn off relay 4
toggleState_4 = 0;
}
Delay(100);
Break;

Default : break;
}

Void loop() {

If (digitalRead(mswitch_1) == LOW){
 Delay(200);
relayOnOff(1);
}
Else if (digitalRead(mswitch_2) == LOW){
Delay(200);
relayOnOff(2);
}
Else if (digitalRead(mswitch_3) == LOW){
Delay(200);
relayOnOff(3);
}
Else if (digitalRead(mswitch_4) == LOW){
Delay(200);
relayOnOff(4);
}

If (irrecv.decode(&results)) {
Switch(results.value){
Case 0xFD08F7:
relayOnOff(1);
break;
case 0xFD8877:
relayOnOff(2);
break;
case 0xFD48B7:
 relayOnOff(3);
break;
case 0xFD28D7:
relayOnOff(4);
break;
default : break;
}
Irrecv.resume();
}
}