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Principles of Engineering Design

Book · January 1982

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Vladirnir Hubka
W. Ernst Eder

ENGINEERING
DESIGN
General Procedural Model of Engineering Design

Edition
HEURISTA
1 992
Engineering Design
General Procedural Model of Engineering Design

Vladimir Hubka
Visiting professor at various universities, Greifensee, Switzerland'

W. Ernst Eder
professor of trlechanical Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada.

Edltion HEURISTA 19gz

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved. No part of this pubiicaticn mev be
reproduced or transmitted in any tbrm or by any mcar:s. inclutling photocop-ling, rc.-,rrLiing
and storing in a retrieval system of any nature, witi:out the written permissiorr of the
copyright holder, application for which should trc addresseci to the publishers.
The use of registered names, tJademarks, etc. in this publication, even in the abscence of an,"-
specific statements. does not imply that such names are exempl ftom the relevant orotectil'e
Iarvs and regulations and therefore fiee for generai use.

First published as Allgemeines Vorgehensmodell des Konstruierens by

Fachpresse Goldach, Ztlrich, 1 980;
First English edition published as Principles of Engineering Design n9,
Butterworth & Co (Publishers) Ltd, 1982, reprinted 1988 by HEURTSTA;
Completely revised for this edition.

Vladinrir Hubka" f)r" dipl.-ing.

CFi-8606 (ireifenscr
Swiuerland
W. Errrst trCer, \{Sc, P.Eng.
Department of i\,lechiinical Engillrering,
Royal Military f.oliege r:l'Canada Kingston- Ontrtric, (.anaCir K'lK Sl-il

Serie WDK -- Wrrkshop Design-Korrstruktiixr

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Contents

Preface
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vill Engineering Design

4 TECHNICAL SYSTEMS (TS) -- OBJECTS 15

4.1 Purpose and Tasks of Technical Systems 15
4.2 Mode of Action of Technical Systems -- How They Work t7
4.3 Properties of Technical Systems 19
4.4 Quality of Technical Systems 2l
4.5 Relationships Between Properties 2l
4.6 Knowledge about Properties -- Designers' Technical Knowledge 24
4.7 Structures of Technical Systems 28
4.8 Secondary tnputs and Outputs, Disturbances 34
4.9 Phases of Origination and Existence of Technical Systems 34
4.10 Development in Time of Technical Systems 36
4.11 Taxonomy of Technical Systems 38
4.I2 Knowledge about Special Kinds of Technical Systems -- Families 40
4.I3 Synopsis of Statements about Technical Systems 41,

5 DESIGN PROCESSES 45
5.1 Aim (Goal) of the Engineering Design Process 45
5.2 Purpose of the Design Process -- Operand of Designing 46
5.3 Terminology -- Design, Designing, Design Process 47
5.4 Design Research 48
5.5 Model of the Design Process 49
5.6 Structure of the Design Process 51
5.6. 1 Hierarchical Arrangernent of Design Operations 51
5.6"2 Procedrually Logical Arrangement of Design Operations
frocedural Structure) 51
5.1 Procedure in Designing 54
5.7 .1 Conditions for a General Design Procedure 54
5.7 .2 Basis of Knowledge for Systematic Design 55
5.7.3 Design Strategy: Procedural Models s6
5.7 .4 Fitting the General Modetr to Particular Conditions 59
5.7.5 Design Tactics: Methods and Working Principles 61
Metltods 61
Wor'hng prnciples 65
5.8 Operators of the Design Process 65
5"8.1 Operator -- Working Means in the Design Process 66
5"8.2 Operator -- Information System, Dornain and Branch Knowiecige 66
5.8.3 Operator -- Managernent and Goal Systern 67
5.8.4 Operator -- Active Environment 59
5.q Synopsis of Design Process Statements 69

6 THE GENERAI- PROCEDURAL MODEL 7j,

6"1 Requirernents fur t}e Procedural Model 7T
6.2 Conceptual Basis of the Modei 72
6.3 Explanations to the Model 73
6.4 Particular Phases and Steps in the ModeX 73
Fhase 1" Ciarifr- the Design Specification 74
Fhase 2. Establish the Function Structure 79
 Engineering Design ix

Phase 3. Establish the Organ Structure 82

Phase 4. Establish the Preliminary Layout 85
Phase 5. Establish the Dimensional Layout 87
Phase 6. Produce Details, Elaborate 89
Chechng of drawngs 89
6.5 Generalued Basic Operations in the Design Process 90
6.5.1 Stating the problem 91

6.5.2 Searching for solutions 92

6.5.3 Evaluating and deciding 93

a) Selection of criteria for the evaluation 96
b) Choice of scales for the criteria 96
c) Determinations of values for the criteria 97
d) Processing of the individual values into a total value 97
6.5.4 Providing and preparing information 97
a) Properties of technical information 98
b) State of the information 98
c) Classification system for information 98
d) Working with information 98
6.5.5 Verif,ing/checking 99
6.5.6 Representing 101

7 DESIGN SITUATIONS 103

8 CASE STUDY: A WELDIITIG POSITIONER r04

E.t Elaboration of Assigned Specification 104
8.2 Establishing the Function Structure 108
8.3 Establishing the Concept 108

8.4 Establishing the Preliminary Layout 113

8.s Establishing the Dimensional Layout 114

9 DESIGN SCIENCE 115

10 LEARNING ENGINEERING DESIGN t17

1S
Lt COMPU]'ERS IN ENGINEERING DESIGN 119

t2 SUMMARY 12j,

Bibliography r22

lnde:; 129

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