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    Introduction

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    EvonYong
    This document discusses sewage treatment systems and provides context for calculating population equivalent (PE) and converting it to an expected wastewater flow rate. It explains that PE is used to estimate usage of sewage facilities and determine the appropriate type of treatment system. For the study area of Astaka, a commercial hall, the PE will be calculated based on floor area since it is a commercial area. There is an existing communal sewage treatment plant located 70 meters from the study area.

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    Introduction

    Uploaded by

    EvonYong
    72 views2 pages
    This document discusses sewage treatment systems and provides context for calculating population equivalent (PE) and converting it to an expected wastewater flow rate. It explains that PE is used to estimate usage of sewage facilities and determine the appropriate type of treatment system. For the study area of Astaka, a commercial hall, the PE will be calculated based on floor area since it is a commercial area. There is an existing communal sewage treatment plant located 70 meters from the study area.

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    This document discusses sewage treatment systems and provides context for calculating population equivalent (PE) and converting it to an expected wastewater flow rate. It explains that PE is used to estimate usage of sewage facilities and determine the appropriate type of treatment system. For the study area of Astaka, a commercial hall, the PE will be calculated based on floor area since it is a commercial area. There is an existing communal sewage treatment plant located 70 meters from the study area.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    72 views2 pages

    Introduction

    Uploaded by

    EvonYong
    This document discusses sewage treatment systems and provides context for calculating population equivalent (PE) and converting it to an expected wastewater flow rate. It explains that PE is used to estimate usage of sewage facilities and determine the appropriate type of treatment system. For the study area of Astaka, a commercial hall, the PE will be calculated based on floor area since it is a commercial area. There is an existing communal sewage treatment plant located 70 meters from the study area.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    1.

    0 INTRODUCTION

    Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater


    and household sewage water. It includes physical, biological and sometimes chemical
    processes to remove pollutants. Its aim is to produce an environmentally safe sewage
    water, called effluent, and a solid waste, called sludge or biosolids, suitable for
    disposal or reuse. Reuse is often for agricultural purposes, but more recently, sludge is
    being used as a fuel source.

    We have been given a task to determine the expected wastewater flow rate of a
    design parameter called “population equivalent” (PE) and convert it into flow rate. We
    have to determine the location of manholes and sewage treatment plant near our study
    area.

    In order to design pipe network, pump stations and sewage treatment plants,
    estimates need to be made of the volumetric flow rate which will be expected to be
    carried, pumped and treated. The method used to calculate a design parameter called
    the "population equivalent" (PE) of a catchment and convert this to a flow rate. The PE
    is an estimate of the usage made of sewage facilities.

    Various methods of sewage treatment systems have been developed for


    different areas and purposes. For urban centres where the population is concentrated
    from a large area, centralized treatment systems have evolved, which produces a high
    quality effluent. Simpler systems such as communal treatment system have been used
    to service small communities. Type of sewage treatment system for mix development
    is determined by population equivalent. If PE < 30 septic tank is use. If PE>30 sewage
    treatment plant is used. Where populations are less dense, the receiving environment is
    able to cope with lesser level of treatment, often only primary treatment will be
    provided. However as population increases, these primary treatment systems must be
    replaced with secondary treatment systems.

    A manhole is a large hole in a road or path where it is the top opening to an


    underground utility vault used to house an access point for making connections,
    inspection, valve adjustments or performing maintenance on underground and buried
    public utility and other services including water, sewers, telephone, electricity, storm
    drains, district heating and gas. Manhole closings are protected by a manhole cover, a
    flat plug designed to prevent accidental or unauthorized access to the manhole. Those
    plugs are traditionally made of metal, but may be constructed from precast concrete,
    glass reinforced plastic or other composite material. Workers can climb down through
    manholes when they want to examine or clean the drains by removing the metal cover.
    The manhole will connect to the sewerage system. Sewerage system is the underground
    collection for wastewater flowing in sewers which finally will be treated in sewage
    treatment plant.

    The area given to study is Astaka, which is a multi-usage hall that built with
    rectangular shape with dimension of 45.38m × 27.47m. Since Astaka is considered as
    commercial areas, thus the PE is calculated from the floor area. There is a communal
    sewerage treatment plant which is 70 meter away from the study area.

    https://www.iwk.com.my/do-you-know/population-equivalents

    https://www.slideshare.net/SharifahNurulAin/sewage-treatment-plant-design-
    calculation

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