National dish

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A national dish is a dish, food or a drink that represents a particular country, nation or
region. It is usually food that has naturally developed or popular in that country.

A dish can become a national dish for a variety of reasons. It can be the national dish
because it is a staple daily food for the majority of the population. It can be the national
dish because it represents the regions and ethnicities of the whole country. Or it can be
the national dish because it incorporates locally produced ingredients. National dishes are
part of a nation's identity and self-image.[1] During the age of European empire-building,
nations consciously developed a national cuisine as a matter of distinction from their
rivals.[2]

In Latin America such dishes are both officially and unofficially designated as "plato
nacional". Ironically, in many case they transcend national borders. Both Peru and
Ecuador claim ceviche as their national dish. Cuban ajiaco and the sancocho of the
Dominican Republic, Colombia, and Panama, all of which are stews of meats, plaintains,
and root vegetables are the plato nacional of them all. Zilka Janer, lecturer on Latin
American culture at Hofstra University observes that this sharing of the same plato
nacional by different countries calls into question the idea that every country has a
unique national dish that is special to that country, and indicates, rather, that cuisine is
something that does not respect national and geopolitical borders.[1]

Janer also observes that it is "impossible" to choose a single national dish, even
unofficially, for countries such as Mexico, because of their broad diversity of ethnic
populations and cultures. The cuisine of such countries simply cannot be represented by
one, single, national dish. Furthermore, the fact that national dishes are so interwoven
with a nation's sense of identity, strong emotions and conflicts can arise over what a
country's national dish actually is.[1]

For the culturally and ethnically diverse nation such as Indonesia, national dish is not just
the staple, popular or ubiquitous dish such as Nasi goreng or Gado-gado. It may also
considered as the dishes that transcends cultural and ethnics differences, yet still retain
common Indonesian cuisine traits. It has to be able to crossed boundaries of diverse
Indonesian culture and ethnic groups. As the result, it is impossible to nominate a single
national dish of Indonesia. Sate (satay) and soto is a good example of Indonesian national
dish, since there is no singular satay or soto recipe. Both dish have myriad variations and
recipes, and adopted regionally across Indonesia. However culinary influence is not the
concept that respect national boundaries, since satay is also popular in neighboring
Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand.
The identification of Latin American national dishes is stronger, Janer notes, amongst
expatriate communities in North America. In Latin American countries, the plato
nacional is usually part of the cuisine of rural and peasant communities, and not part of
the everyday cuisine of city dwellers at all. But in expatriate communities, they are
strongly reclaimed in order to retain the communities' senses of national identity, and ties
to one's homeland, and proudly served in homes and restaurants. This is a reaction on the
parts of those communities that is attempting to resist social pressures that push to
homogenize such ethnically and culturally diverse communities into single all-
encompassing group identities such as Latinos or Hispanic Americans.[1]

[edit] Countries and dishes/food

As per the above, this is not a definitive list of national dishes, but rather a list of some
foods that have been suggested to be national dishes.

• Argentina - Beef[3], Parilla[4]

• Australia - Roast lamb[5].
• Austria - Wiener Schnitzel
• Bahamas - Crack conch with peas and rice[6]
• Bangladesh - Fried Hilsa fish[citation needed]; Curry[citation needed]
• Belgium - Mussels[7], Moules-frites[7]
• Brazil - Feijoada[8]
• Bosnia and Hercegovina - Bosnian pot[9]
• Canada - Poutine[citation needed]
• Chile - Empanada[citation needed], Cazuela[citation needed], Curanto[citation needed]
• China - Peking duck[10]
• Czech Republic - Vepřo knedlo zelo (Roast pork with dumplings and sauerkraut)
• Egypt - Kushari[11]
• France - Crepes[12]
• Germany - Sauerbraten [13]
• Greece - Moussaka[14]
• India - Thali[citation needed]; Roti[citation needed]; Curry[citation needed]; Dal[citation needed];
Papad[citation needed]; Raita[citation needed]; Idli[citation needed];
• Indonesia - Nasi Goreng[15], Gado-gado[16], Sate[17], Soto[18]
• Iran - Chelo kabab[19]
• Iraq - Masgouf[20]
• Ireland - Colcannon[21]
• Israel - falafel[22][23][24]
• Italy - Pasta[25]
• Jamaica Ackee and Saltfish[citation needed]
• Japan - Sushi[26]
• Jordan - Mansaf[citation needed]
• Korea - Bulgogi[27][dubious – discuss], Kimchi[28]
• Malaysia - Nasi Lemak[29]
• Mexico - Mole poblano[30]
• Morocco - Couscous[citation needed], Tagine[citation needed], Pastilla, Rfissa, Msemen,
 • New Zealand - Hāngi[citation needed]
• Norway - Fårikål[31]
• Peru - Ceviche[32]
• Philippines - Adobo[33]
• Poland - Bigos[citation needed]
• Portugal - Bacalhau[citation needed]
• Serbia - Ćevapčići[34]
• Slovakia - Bryndzové halušky[35]
• Slovenia - Kranjska klobasa, Ajdovi žganci,[36] Potica[37]
• Singapore - Chilli crab[38]
• South Africa - Bobotie[39]
• Spain - Paella[40]
• Sweden - Köttbullar[41], Surströmming[42][43], Kräftskiva[44],[41]
• Thailand - Tom Yum Goong[45]
• Turkey - Doner kebap[46]
• United Kingdom
o Constituent countries of the United Kingdom
 England - Fish and chips[47], roast beef[48], English breakfast[49]
 Northern Ireland - Ulster fry [50]
 Scotland - Haggis[51]
 Wales - Leeks[52]
o Though Chicken Tikka Masala has been popularly referred to as "Britain's
true National Dish" because of its popularity among the British population
and because of its origin.[citation needed]
• Uzbekistan - Palov[53],[54]
• Venezuela - Pabellón criollo[55]
• Vietnam - Pho[56]

[edit] References
1. ^ a b c d Zilkia Janer (2008). Latino food culture. Food cultures in America. ABC-CLIO.
pp. 71–73. ISBN 0313340277.
2. ^ "The history of sensibilities: Of the standard of taste in mid-eighteenth century England
and the circulation of smells in post-revolutionary France", Dialectical Anthropology 16
(2): 125–135, June, 1991, doi:10.1007/BF00250241, ISSN 0304-4092
3. ^ http://www.foodbycountry.com/Algeria-to-France/Argentina.html
4. ^ http://www.travelsur.net/facts116.htm
5. ^ News Limited http://www.news.com.au/national/roast-lamb-rules-as-australias-
national-dish/story-e6frfkvr-1225825752497
6. ^ "National Dishes & Local Favorites from the Islands of the Caribbean<".
Caribbeanamericanfoods.com. http://www.caribbeanamericanfoods.com/?
page=island_dishes. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
7. ^ a b Tom Masters. Europe on a Shoestring. Lonely planet.
http://books.google.com/books?
id=BYXXhMklOo8C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onep
age&q&f=false. Retrieved 2010-07-15.
8. ^ "Feijoada recipe, Eat brazilian!". Copacabana Info.
http://www.copacabana.info/feijoada.html. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
9. ^ "Bosanksi Lonac – Bosnia & Herzegovina National Dish".
http://myhungrytum.com/2010/02/14/bosanksi-lonac-bosnia-herzegovina-national-dish-
day-38dish-21/. Retrieved 2010-18-09.
10. ^ "Beijing Travel Guide & Tours Information - Roast Duck". China Spree.com.
http://www.chinaspree.com/china-travel-guide/china-tours-beijing-duck.html. Retrieved
2010-07-11.
11. ^ "Kushari Recipe". Multicultural Cooking Network.
http://multiculturalcookingnetwork.com/recipes/item/329-kushari-recipe.html. Retrieved
2010-07-08.
12. ^ "Famous French Food". Classic French Food.
http://www.classicfrenchfood.com/famous-french-food.html. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
13. ^ "What's On The Menu? - Germany's Favorite Dishes". German Foods.
http://www.germanfoods.org/schools/delicious/traditionaldishes.cfm. Retrieved 2010-07-
08.
14. ^ "Moussaka: The National Dish of Greece". Greecelogue.
http://www.greecelogue.com/moussaka-the-national-dish-of-greece.html. Retrieved
2010-07-08.
15. ^ "Nasi Goreng: Indonesia's mouthwatering national dish". http://www.bali-travel-
life.com/nasi-goreng.html. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
16. ^ "National Dish of Indonesia Gado Gado". http://www.thegutsygourmet.net/natl-
indonesia.html. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
17. ^ "Indonesian food recipes: Satay". http://indonesianfoodrecipes.com/indonesian-satay-
variants/. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
18. ^ "A Soto Crawl". Eating Asia. http://eatingasia.typepad.com/eatingasia/2009/03/soto-
crawl.html. Retrieved 2010-07-05.
19. ^ "Chelo Kebab Recipe, Middle Eastern food". About.com.
http://mideastfood.about.com/od/iranianrecipes/r/chelokebab.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
20. ^ Beeston, Richard (June 27, 2007). "Imams put fatwa on carp caught in Tigris". London:
The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/iraq/article1991034.ece.
Retrieved 2010-07-11.
21. ^ "Irish National Dishes". Food Museum. http://www.foodmuseum.com/ireland.html.
Retrieved 2010-07-12.
22. ^ The Ethnic Food Lover's Companion by Eve Zibart (ISBN 978-0-89732-372-7), page
181
23. ^ Israel Handbook: The Travel Guide by David Winter (ISBN 978-1-900949-48-4), page
52
24. ^ From Tapas to Meze: Small Plates from the Mediterranean by Joanne Weir (ISBN
978-1-58008-586-1), page 187
25. ^ "Italy urged to go on pasta strike". BBC. 13 September 2007.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6992444.stm. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
26. ^ "Sushi: delicious bite-sized Japanese specialities". Kikkoman.
http://www.kikkoman.eu/en/consumers/kikkoman-magazine/cooking-for-pleasure/sushi-
japanese-specialities/. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
27. ^ "Bulgogi (Korean Barbecued Beef)". Asia Society.com.
http://www.asiasociety.org/style-living/food-recipes/recipe/meats/bulgogi-korean-
barbequed-beef. Retrieved 2010-07-06.
28. ^ "KOREA: Kimchi … Gimchi, Korea’s National Dish". Global Foodie.com.
http://globalfoodie.com/2009/10/korea-kimchi-gimchi-koreas-national-dish/. Retrieved
2010-07-06.
29. ^ "Nasi Lemak". Malaysia.com. http://www.malaysia.com/nasi-lemak-food.html.
Retrieved 2010-07-06.
30. ^ "Mole Poblano: Mexico's National Food Dish". Mexonline.
http://www.mexonline.com/molepoblano.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
31. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/farikal/
32. ^ "Ceviche – the Peruvian national dish". Peru Travel Guide.
http://www.perutravelguide.org/ceviche-the-peruvian-national-dish.html. Retrieved 2010-
07-11.
33. ^ "Celebrating a national dish – adobo". Global Nation Inquire. 05/01/2010.
http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/opinion/view/20100501-
267487/Celebrating-a-national-dish--adobo. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
34. ^ "Error: no |title= specified when using {{Cite web}}".
http://www.everyculture.com/Sa-Th/Serbia-and-Montenegro.html. Retrieved 2010-18-09.
35. ^ "National Food". Slovak Republic. http://www.slovak-republic.org/food/. Retrieved
2010-08-01.
36. ^ "Ajdovi žganci".
37. ^ "Slovenian cuisine".
38. ^ "The quest for Singapore's next national dish". CNN. 26 January 2010.
http://www.cnngo.com/singapore/none/hunt-singapores-next-national-dish-630473.
Retrieved 2010-07-07.
39. ^ "Southafricanisms: Bobotie". Southafricalogue. July 24, 2007.
http://www.southafricalogue.com/travel-tips/southafricanisms-bobotie.html. Retrieved
2010-07-11.
40. ^ "Paella, the Spanish National Dish". Aramco Expat. 30 September 2003.
http://www.aramcoexpats.com/Articles/Lifestyles/Special-Interest/1630.aspx. Retrieved
2010-07-08.
41. ^ a b http://swedentravelnet.com/sweden-food-amp-drink.html
42. ^ BBC http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4867024.stm
43. ^ http://cederling.multiply.com/recipes/item/3/3
44. ^ http://www.sweden.se/eng/Home/Lifestyle/Traditions/Celebrating-the-Swedish-
way/The-crayfish-party/
45. ^ "Typical Thai Meals & Eating Habits". Bangkok.com. http://www.bangkok.com/thai-
food/typical-thai-meals-and-eating-habits.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
46. ^ "Shock report on fat levels in doner kebabs". Times. http://www.times-
series.co.uk/news/4086973.Shock_report__on_fat_levels_in_doner_kebabs/. Retrieved
2010-07-07.
47. ^ http://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/FishandChips.htm|accessdate=2010-07-15
48. ^ http://britishfood.about.com/od/introtobritishfood/f/questions.htm|accessdate=2010-07-
15
49. ^ http://rehansheik.blogspot.com/2010/03/national-dishes-of-world.html|
accessdate=2010-07-15
50. ^ http://www.europeancuisines.com/Ireland-Irish-Ulster-Fry-Recipe
51. ^ "Haggis, Scotland's National Dish". Britishfood.about.com. 2010-06-22.
http://britishfood.about.com/od/maincour3/a/haggis.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-04.
 52. ^ "Welsh national dish". Foodmuseum.com. http://www.foodmuseum.com/wales.html.
Retrieved 2010-07-04.
53. ^ http://www.orexca.com/cuisine_plov.shtml
54. ^ http://www.uzbekcuisine.com/index.html
55. ^ "Venezuelan Cuisine: Vanezuelan National Dish (Pabellon Criollo Con Barandas)".
Chowtimes.com. May 22, 2010. http://chowtimes.com/2010/05/22/venezuelan-cuisine-
vanezuelan-national-dish-pabellon-criollo-con-barandas/. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
56. ^ "Pho - national dish, international obsession". Vietnews Online. February 14, 2010.
http://www.vietnewsonline.vn/News/Features/5771/Pho---national-dish-international-
obsession.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-07.

[edit] Drink
See also: List of national liquors
[hide]
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