P Glossary PDF

Glossary related to
HONTAI YŌSHIN RYŪ

( 本體楊心流 )
Guy Buyens, Okuden

January 2016
About the glossary
We started this glossary in 2006 and throughout the years we have been editing and adding entries..
In the text, there is often special reference to HONTAI YOSHIN RYU (本體楊心流). The names of the KATA (形) of
the school are included, however a comprehensive list of the different techniques has been omitted. This can be
found in another document entitled: “Hontai Yoshin Ryu: the official curriculum as taught by INOUE Kyoichi
Munenori, the 19th generation SOKE”. That document, however, is only intended for students of the school.
In our school, like in many old schools, much importance is given to a traditional but secret form of transmission:
SHODEN ( 初) or first level of teaching, CHUDEN ( 中伝) or middle level of teaching, OKUDEN ( 奥伝) or secret
teaching and MENKYO KAIDEN ( 免許皆伝) or license of complete transmission. The content of these teachings
are of course not included in this document.
Guy Buyens (http://www.hontaiyoshinryu.be)
Okuden, head of the HYR Belgian Branch
This glossary consists of:
 Part 1: alphabetical list of terms related to HYR

 Part 2: techniques
 Part 3: the dojo
 Part 4: basic vocabulary useful in and around the Dōjō (not specific to HYR)
 Part 5: basic vocabulary related to the sword (Katana)
Note on Japanese language:
Throughout the text, all key terminology has been written in capital Latin letters; ROMAJI, followed, if
needed, by the writing in Japanese - KANJI and/or KANA -between brackets. However, throughout the main
text, we didn’t completely used the Hepburn system for Romanization in which long vowels o and u are
indicated by a macronŌ ( andŪ respectively). Leaving out macrons is consistent with most books on
Japanese martial arts. Nevertheless, the list of the major entries (left column) include macrons.
In general KANJI have one or more Chinese ON'YOMI readings, typically more used in writing, in contrast
to the native KUN'YOMI readings. Although we try to explain the KANJI of our entries we are far from
complete and only give the reading that is relevant for the entry in this glossary.
Readers should also be aware that different KANJI can have the same reading and also that there is a
phenomenon in Japanese voicing, called RENDAKU where consonants change depending on the preceding
part of the word. Common changes are HI into BI, TO into DO, KA into GA, TSU into ZU (e.g. TSUKI into
ZUKI and KAMAE into GAMAE).
Page 1 (HYR Glossary - January 2016) copyright: http://www.hontaiyoshinryu.be

Part 1: alphabetical list of HYR related terms
AGERU (上げる) To elevate, to raise.
AI (合い). AI (相) Ai(合い), from the verb au, means joint, connect, meet,…
AI (相) means mutual, each other
Ai (both 合い and 相) are frequently used in Budo.
AIKI (合気) The meeting of forces (at the same moment).

In contrast to Aikido (where Aiki refers to the harmony of forces), in
most other Budo, it usually refers to the use of force against force
AI UCHI (相打) Mutual/simultaneous strike.

In Japanese, Ai uchi can also be written by using a different character
for Uchi (討). In that case the meaning changes into mutual killing
ASHI (足) Feet or steps.

Ashi sabaki (foot work) is part of Tai sabaki, the body control or
movement.
ATE ( 当) Ate, from the verb ateru, means hitting.

Atemi, hitting the opponent, is part of Jujutsu Roppo, the six kinds of
techniques in HYR’s Jujutsu
BATTŌ (抜刀) Drawing of the sword.

In the old days this was only part of the techniques of Kenjutsu.
Currently, Battojutsu, the art of drawing the sword, is known by most
people as Iaido, although some people still make a difference between
the two, with Battōjutsu schools having more emphasis on
Tameshigiri (test cutting).
BŌ (棒) The Bo, or stick, is one of the main weapons used in HYR.
There are two kinds of Bo used in HYR:
 Cho Bo or Roku Shaku Bo : a long stick, 6 Shaku or
approximately 182 cm long, which is round and straight-sided.
 Hanbo: a short stick, in principle about half the length of the
Cho Bo, therefore its name, “half” Bo
BŌ AWASE (棒合わせ) Lit. the "meeting" of (two) sticks

In HYR, it is the part of Bojutsu where both opponents use a Cho Bo.
BŌ JUTSU (棒術) The art to fight with a stick.

In HYR, Bojutsu is an important part of the school but the style that is
incorporated, was originally characteristic of Kukishin-ryu.
BOKUTŌ (木刀) Wooden sword for practice (also called “Bokken”)
BU (武) Military, martial

The original kanji for Bu was a compound of two other kanji: foot (足)
and halberd (矛), therefore it depicts a foot-soldier carrying a halberd,
symbolising military acts or martial. Since the radical foot evolved in
止, which means 'stop', some people interpret the character as stop
the halberd, implying a defensive and peaceful nature (although this is
a nice way of putting it, it is not the historic meaning of the word).
BUDŌ (武道) lit. martial way

Budo applies to all Japanese arts of martial nature, whether or not they
were developed by the classical hereditary warrior caste (samurai), or
by commoners. However, the term is sometimes used in a more
limited and structured fashion to mean only what is called Gendai
Budo (現代武道), or modern Budo.

BUJUTSU (武術) martial arts (or skills).
In a more restricted way, Bujutsu is often used for the martial arts (or
skills) originating in the classical period of Japan’s history (prior to
1868).
BUKKYŌ (仏教) Buddhism

Buddhism is one of the main religions (although some prefer to call it a
philosophy) in Japan. It can be translated as the teaching of Buddha.
BUSHIDŌ (武士道) Way of the warrior

Bushido is often translated as the code of the samurai and was
influenced by Zen Buddhism, Taoism and Neo Confucianism.
CHAKIN –SHIBORI (茶巾絞り) Wringing out (Shiboru) a tea cloth (Chakin)

Expression to indicate that the hands on a sword during impact make a
movement similar to wringing out a wet cloth.
CHIBURI (血振り) The removal of the blood from a blade, an important part of an Iaijutsu
Kata.
It can be debated, however, whether the formal Chiburi at the end of
a Kata, is an efficient way to remove the blood. In fact the only good
way to clean the blade is by removing the blood by a cloth.
Nevertheless, almost all traditional schools have formalized it to put
emphasis on Zanshin at the end of a Kata, rather than the actual
removal of blood.
CHIKARA (力) Force, strength.

Although Jujutsu is characterized by the ability to take advantage of
the opponent’s force, an appropriate use of one’s own strength
remains an essential pillar in mastering the art.
CHŌ BŌ (長棒) Long staff

The Cho Bo or Roku Shaku Bo is a staff of approximately 1.82 m (six
Shaku or almost-exactly-six-foot) long, which is round and straight-
sided. It is one of the main weapons used in HYR.
CHŌSHI (調子) timing/rhythm (also called Hyoshi)
CHŪ (中) Middle

Note: Chu (中, middle) should not be confounded with Chu (忠,
loyalty)
CHŪDAN ( 中段) Middle level
CHŪSHIN (中) Literally ‘the centre mind/heart”

In a martial context, it refers to the body’s centreline. In Kumidachi,
the control of the centreline will often determine whether one will win or
lose.
DAISHŌ: (大小) The Daisho, which literally means big-small, refers to the two swords
exclusive for the samurai.
DAN ( 伝) The Dan (grade) system was first introduced in Budo by Kano
(founder of modern judo). Originally it was a grading system used in
the traditional Japanese game Go.
Although some traditional schools, including HYR, have recently
adapted the Dan system, in order to differentiate between individual
skills, they almost always kept the traditional Den system in parallel.
DEN (伝) Den, or transmission, is mostly used as a suffix.

Transmission is based on a privileged relationship between teacher
and student and can be purely oral, called Kuden. Most of the
teachings have, however, been recorded in writing, in Densho . In this
way new influences can be explored without fear of not been able to
return to the origin.

In HYR, although the Dan system has been introduced, much
importance is given to the traditional form of transmission. The
following levels are present:
 Sho Den (升伝): first level of teaching
 Chu Den (中伝): middle level of teaching
 Oku Den (奥伝): secret teaching
 Menkyo Kai Den (免許皆伝): highest level of teaching (license
of complete transmission)
DENSHA (伝者) Holder of a Den license
DESHI (弟子) The students of a master in martial arts are often called Deshi: pupil;
disciple; adherent; follower; apprentice. This reflects better the close
relationship than the usual Japanese word for student, Seito.
DŌ (道) Way, or street, can be translated in Japanese language in Michi),

although Do, the Chinese reading or On Yomi of the same Kanji is
more relevant in a martial context.
Do comes from “Tao”(the way, as described by Chinese Taoists), and
can be seen as an “important road”, the way one has to follow. In a
martial context it is often used as a suffix (Judo, Kendo, Iaido, aikido
and so on).
DŌJŌ (道場) Place to study the way.

The Dojo is a humble place of natural and quiet dignity, always kept
clean. An atmosphere of courtesy and respect is essential to cultivate
the appropriate spirit, associated with the practice of Budo.
Many times we have to train in places that we share with others.
Although in theory, such a place should be called Keikojo (training
place), since it has not the classical features of a Dojo and it is not a
devoted place, we should always try to create the right atmosphere.
.
DORI ( 捕) Catch, capture
The suffix “-dori” (catch, capture) is often used when someone
unarmed is attacked by a weapon and has “to catch” that weapon.
Examples are Tanto-dori and Tachi-dori.
EMONO KATA (得物形) Emono are specialized weapons or skills. If one feels the need to
classify Kata into categories, Emono Kata is a term that can be used
for weapon forms in contrast to Toshu (no) Kata, which is the term for
empty handed or weaponless forms.
The term Jujutsu, is often used in a restricted way to refer to empty
handed techniques. In HYR, however, it is said that the philosophy of
the art can be applied in all situations, including armed confrontations.
ENBU (演武) Demonstration of martial arts.

An Enbu-taikai is the combination of a demonstration and a (usually
large) meeting.
ENBUSEN (演武線) The line along which a technique is performed in a demonstrative,

technical way. For some it is synonym for the line of the Kata which is
pre-defined (in contrast to applications that can have different lines).
ENKIN (遠近) Distance.

It refers to perception of distance (far and near), and to adopting Ma-ai
in a way that establishes victory before you make a strike.
ENZAN NO METSUKE (遠山の目付) Looking (staring) at the mountains in the far distance.
It illustrates the point that it is important to look at the big picture rather
than to only fix on a specific target nearby.
FUDŌSHIN (不動心) State of mind that is not troubled by anything. A concept introduced by

the Zen master Takuan (1573-1645).
To strive for Fudoshin means that one will have no fear when
confronted with danger or unexpected events. No wonder that the late

INOUE Tsuyoshi Munetoshi, 18th Soke of HYR, all the time
encouraged his students to strive for Fudoshin.
.
GASSHUKU (合宿) Training camp, where participants stay overnight.
When the Gashuku is organized with the purpose to bring people also
together for a big meeting, the name Gashuku Taikai is used.
GEDAN (下段) Literally, “lower level”
GENSOKU (原則) Principles of the school.
GI (義) Righteousness; justice; morality; honour; loyalty

Gi (義) should not be mistaken with the suffix -gi (-着) pointing to
training clothes (see KEIKOGI).
GOKUI (極意) The essence of things, in a martial context, usually used to indicate
the highest technique.
GYAKU (逆) Opposite

In HYR (and many other Budo), Gyaku waza are the techniques that
consist in manipulating joints into movement counter (Gyaku) to their
normal range of motion. In HYR, Gyaku is part of Jujutsu Roppo, the
six kinds of techniques in Jujutsu.
GYAKU NO KATA (逆の形) First Kata that is taught in HYR.

The techniques of Gyaku no Kata are performed in a very basic way,
allowing the students to concentrate on the true line (direction) of
movement.
GYŌ (行) Gyo can refer to “a line” or to “action, movement”.
HA (刃) Cutting edge of a sword/blade
HAKAMA (袴) Man's formal divided skirt worn in many Japanese martial arts,
including HYR.
Actually, the divided Hakama is one type of Hakama, called
Machitaka-bakama and was suitable for hose riding.
HAKAMA SABAKI (袴捌き) Spreading the Hakama in order to sit (kneeling)

This is formalised in for example the Iai Jutsu Kata, where it is done
with the right hand, first to the left, then to the right.
HANBŌ ( 半棒) Half staff (its length is theoretically half of a Cho Bo)
The Hanbo is round, may be straight-sided or slightly tapered at one
end, and is thinner and obviously shorter than the Cho Bo. For a
correct use, its length should be adapted to the height of its owner. In
general a length of 1 meter is not unusual.
HARA (腹) Abdomen.

The abdomen is a common target area. Other target areas in the
abdominal region include Mizuochi (solar plexus), which is slightly
higher and Heso (navel), which is slightly lower.
HARAI (払い) Although Harai is usually translated as clear out, prune, banish,…, in
the context of HYR it often refers to “sweeping techniques”.
HASUJI (刃筋) Literally, “blade line,”

In a broader sense: Trajectory and/or targeting
HASSŌ NO KAMAI (八相の構え) A stance for the sword or stick, where the intention is offensive, able to
respond in all (8) directions.
HATSUGEIKO (初稽古) First training, or Keiko, of the year.

To mark the new year, or Shogatsu, some Dojo still have a bigger
event called Kagami Biraki.

HAYANAWA (速縄) Lit. Quick rope
Part of hojojutsu (or nawajutsu), the rope binding techniques.
HEIHŌ / HYŌHŌ (兵法), Strategy (martial tactics). Heihō can also be pronounced Hyōhō.
A formal discussion of strategy, including the art of taking a position,
Kurai Dori, is part of the Den transmission in HYR. Nevertheless
students are to be made aware of the importance of strategy as they
progress, because the art is combative in nature.
HENKA WAZA (変化技) Variations of Waza (techniques).

In HYR, there are some Henka waza or techniques that are different
from those transmitted in Kata but yet very illustrative for the principles,
or Gensoku of the school. For the DVD "Hontai Yoshin Ryu", part of a
series entitled "Nihon No KoBudo” (KoBudo of Japan), produced by
the Nippon Budokan, Minaki Soke showed a few of these techniques.
HESO (臍) Navel.
HIDEN (秘伝) Secret, mystery

There are many secret teachings within the transmission of a
Japanese art.
HIKIMI (引身) Pulling back (the body)
HŌ (法) Method, way, doctrine

To adhere to doctrine is regarded essential in many Koryū.
Ho (法) should not be confused with Ho (方) which means direction
HONBU (本部) Honbu is headquarters and Shibu is branch.

Most oversee branches of HYR have a Honbu dojo, the one in
Nishinomiya, Japan being the Sohonbu dojo (SO 総: general; whole;
all; full; total).
HŌJUTSU (砲術) Traditional techniques of rope binding
HYŌSHI (拍子) Timing/rhythm (also called Choshi)

Hyoshi is a general term for musical rhythm. This rhythm can be very
regular like a heartbeat, reflected for instance by the drum. It can
however also follow other patterns in nature, like the wind, as reflected
by the “shakuhachi” (Japanese flute).
Hyoshi can also indicate the rhythm in the execution of techniques.
IAI (居合) “I” refers to your position and “Ai” refers to moving in.
Iai-jutsu is usually seen as the art of drawing the sword, but “Iai” can
also refer to the transition between stillness and movement.
IAITŌ ( 居合刀) A training sword for Iai-jutsu

Usual practice) is performed with a training sword, called Iaito, which
is not sharp. Only the experts are using a real sword, called Shinken.
Another practice sword is the Habiki(to), a steel (compared to Zinc
alloy in an iaito edged blade sword with an edge that is blunted. It is
more robust than an Iaito but in contrast to a Shinken, not sharp.
ICHIMONJI ( 一文字) Translated as the character for “one”

Ichimonji is often used to indicate a straight horizontal line (e.g. a
horizontal cutting technique with the sword), which in fact is how the
character for “one” is drawn ( 一).
IN (陰) Literally, “yin”
IRIMI (入り身) lit. incoming body

Irimi is the concept of entering into an opponent.
ISSOKU ITTŌ NO MA (一足一刀の One step one sword distance

Distance from where an effective initiative can be started: with one
間) step you can reach the opponent.

ITSUKU (居付く) A verb that expresses a state of mind, where someone just cannot
move. The eyes are wide open but the body is frozen. It is a terrible
state to be in.
JIN (仁) Humanity; virtue; benevolence; charity

Jin is part of the elements that were regarded very important by the
samurai class, and refers to the universal love toward mankind or the
ability to exhibit compassion.
JITSU (実) Truth/real

The opposite is Kyo (falsehood)
JŌDAN (上段) Literally, “upper level”
JŪ (柔) Tender; gentleness; softness.

Although the term Ju is often translated as gentle, this may give a
misleading idea about the nature of Jujutsu techniques. These
techniques are indeed intended to eliminate an opponent . Initial
softness may be used in avoiding or redirecting an attack, however, it
has to be followed by the appropriate application of strength to
overcome or subdue the opponent.
JŪDŌSEIFUKUSHI (柔道整復師) Judo Bone Setters, are certified healthcare providers in Japan.
Quite often a teacher of martial arts in Japan would also be a
bonesetter. Minaki sensei (17th Soke) and Kanazawa sensei (Menkyo
kaiden), were bonesetters.
JŪJUTSU ( 柔術) Lit. Soft or flexible art/technique.

The term Jujutsu became in use in Tokugawa times (1603-1867), and
the style, although like many Japanese cultural developments may
have had influences from the Asian mainland, is typically Japanese in
character. The flexibility, which is characteristic in Jujutsu, should be
seen as the ability to manipulate the opponent in such a way that
eventually his force and energy is used against himself, without the
need to use excessive force yourself.
Although Jujutsu is by far the most common name for these
techniques, different names have been used: Taijutsu or body
techniques, Yawara or softness, Wajutsu or art of harmony and Torite
or catching hand, to name some.
JŪJUTSU ROPPO (柔術六法) The six kinds of Jujutsu techniques used in HYR:
1. GYAKU (逆): joint lock
2. NAGE (投): throwing
3. ATE (当): hitting
4. SHIME (締): choking (strangling)
5. TORITSUKE (捕付): capturing the enemy rope binding
6. KATSU (活): resuscitation
JUNBI TAISŌ (準備体操) Warming-up exercises.
JUTSU (術) Technique, skill, art.

In a martial context and as a suffix, -jutsu is used for the martial arts
originating in the classical period of Japan’s history.
KAI-GYŌ-SŌ (楷行草) Kai-Gyo-So (or “Shin-Gyo-So”) comes from the three ways of writing
in Japanese calligraphy (Shodo): Kaisho, which is equivalent to Shin,
Gyosho and Sosho.
Beginning with the original non-cursive Kai (or Shin) form, this is
gradually broken down into the semi-cursive Gyō style and then the
cursive Sō style.
Also in HYR, a technique can be studied in three ways: the most
formal is pure Kata, this can be considered the Kai form. When the
technique is performed in a more fluid way, it becomes Gyo and when

this is brought to a more extreme form in which Tori even anticipates
the attack of Uke, it can be considered So style.
)
KAKU O KATAMERU (格を固める Literally, “fortify position/status”,
The idea to maintain concentration during a confrontation (and to take
your own position both physically and mentally)
KAMAE (構え) Posture of fighting engagement.

The kanji for Kamae derives from two characters meaning “to
construct with wood”, indicating that a Kamae is built.
KAMON (家紋) Symbol, Family crest
KASUMI (霞) Literally " mist".
KANJI (漢字) Chinese characters that are used in the actual Japanese writing
system.
KARADA (体) Body
KASUMI (霞) Blurred, mist

Creating mist, i.e. a blurred vision, is part of the tactics of HYR’s
Jujutsu.
KATA (形) Formal set of techniques

A Kata consist of a number of Waza (techniques) and is used to
transmit the essential techniques or principles (called Gensoku) of the
school.
KATA (片) One-sided

Techniques where one side or hand is involved are marked as Kata,
as opposed to Ryo, which means both.
KATAGEIKO (形稽古) Training through repetition and studying of Kata.
KATANA (刀) Sword

Although Katana is often translated as Japanese sword, the latter is in
fact called Nihon-to (To is another pronunciation for “刀”).
KATSU (活) Resuscitation techniques

Katsu (活), “resuscitation”, should not be confused with Katsu (勝つ),
“victory”.
KEIKO (稽古) Training.

Keiko refers to the teaching of the old masters. Their skills have been
passed from generation to generation.
KEIKOGI (稽古着) Uniform one wears for training.

In most Koryu, the Keikogi consists of a jacket, called Uwagi and a
Hakama. Above the Uwagi, a belt or Obi is tied, allowing the sword to
be worn. Occasionally, Tabi or divided-toe socks can be worn.
KEKOMI (蹴込み) Kick included.

The Kata of HYR contains several kicking techniques, both in the role
of Uke as well as Tori. In the latter, it is usually a penetrating kick.
KEN (剣) Sword.

In a more restricted way, ken refers to a straight double-edged sword
(also called Tsurugi), in contrast to the single-edged Katana.
However, n compound words like kendo, kenjutsu,… Ken is used in a
more general meaning referring to sword.
KEN (間) Japanese measure.

One ken equals 6 shaku, equals six feet or 182cm
KENDŌ (剣道,) The way of the sword

Although Kendo (or Ken no michi) can be used to indicate Japanese
swordmanship in general, these days it is most often used in a
restricted way for Shinai-kendo (modern kendo). Which is derived
from Kenjutsu, and is characterized by the use of a Shinai, or bamboo
sword and the wearing of protective armour, called Bogu.
KENJUTSU (剣術) The art of using the sword.

Kenjutsu usually refers to traditional schools (Koryu) of Japanese
swordsmanship, that predate modern kendo.
KENPŌ (剣法) Like kenjutsu, Kenpō is swordmanship

Kenpo (剣法) shoud not be confused with the Chinese martial art
Kenpo (拳法), sometimes also pronounced Kempo)
KERI (蹴り) Kick
KESA GIRI (袈裟斬り) Diagonal cut (from shoulder)
KI (気) Ki is usually simply translated as energy, but it refers also to a more

esoteric force that is called chi by the Chinese. In that context, it is
most often seen as the vital energy of life, which flows in the body.
KI (機) Opportunity.
KI AI (気合) lit. the meeting of energy

Kiai is better known as the shout made at the moment of an attack.
Note that in Aiki (合気), as compared to Kiai (気合), the same kanji are
used but inversed.
KIHON (基本) Basics, fundamentals

Training Kihon, is training the foundation or the basis of the art
KIME (決め) From the verb kimeru: to decide, to conclude

Although Kime can be translated as decision, in a Budo context it is
generally used to indicate focus.
KIMONO (着物) Traditional basic clothing item for the elite class, both men and woman
(the design was different), in Japan. Nowadays only woman still wear it
for special occasions.
Although in the Western world, training wear in Budo are often called
Kimono, this is absolute nonsense. A uniform used for training should
be called Keiko-gi and is in no way related to a Kimono.
KIRI (切り) Kiri means cut and comes from the verb kiru.
Sometimes in a Japanese text, Kiri is written with an alternative kanji.
In that case, the emphasis is put on killing (斬) instead of cutting (切).
KISSAKI (切先) Tip of the sword
KOBUDŌ (古武道) In Japan, Kobudo (old Budo) is Budo as practiced by old (pre-Meiji)
schools, called Koryu.
The term is also used more specifically for the weapon systems of
Okinawa (Bo, Sai, Nunchaku, Tonfa, Kama, Tekko and so on), known
as Ryukyu Kobujutsu, named after the Ryukyu Islands, of which
Okinawa is the largest.
KOBUSHI (拳) Fist
KODACHI (小太刀) Short sword

Traditionally, a Kodachi has a blade longer than 1 shaku (30,3 cm) but
less than 2 shaku.
KŌGEKI (攻撃) In the basic Kata (Gyaku no Kata, Nage no Kata and Oku no Kata)
there is a set of 10 attacks, called Kogeki.

KŌHAI (後輩) Kohai is the more junior student, as compared to Sempai, the more
experienced one.
KŌHAKUMAKU (紅白幕) Curtain, with vertical red and white stripes, which is hung against walls
on different occasions in Japan. It is often used as a decorative
element during Enbu or demonstrations of martial arts. The colours
red (aka) and white (shiro), are symbolic and relate to the “Genpei
war” which was fought for several years between the Minamoto and
Taira clans in the 12th century and that finally resulted in a defeat of
the Taira clan.
KOKORO ( 心) Mind, heart, spirit. Also pronounced Shin.

In Japanese thinking, the heart, which is called Shin in most
compound words (e.g. “Yoshin”, “Fudoshin”) or Kokoro as a
standalone word, is the seat of the spirit, while the head (頭: atama)
only houses the intellect.
KOKYŪ (呼吸) Breath

Breathing has to be in relation to technique but also to the opponent.
KORYŪ (古流) Japanese martial art schools that are older than 1868 (Meiji
restoration).
KOSHIRAE (拵え) Fittings of a sword
KOTE (小手) Forearm

In HYR, many techniques are directed to the opponent’s wrist or
forearm, like Kote Gaeshi, returning the arm, or Kote Ori, breaking
the arm.
KOWAKI KAMAE (小脇構え) Basic stance for weapons like Naginata or Cho Bo, that are held in an
upright position under the right arm, in an angle permitting to walk
without touching the floor.This kamae is also used for Ritsurei, or
standing bowing, with these weapons.
KUDEN (口伝) Oral transmission.

Transmission can be purely oral, called Kuden, but part of the
teachings have been recorded in writing in Densho, the scrolls
containing the essential teachings of a school.
.
KUGURU (潜る) To pass through; to pass under, to submerge.
Passing under an opponent can be part of the technique like in Kuguri
gyaku or Kuguri Nage.
KUMITACHI (組太刀) lit. swords united

In HYR,weapon Kata are done in Kumitachi form: one attacks while
the other defends.
Kumitachi also implies that one should be ready for any movement,
even if it is different from the expected Waza. This is important for
Kumidachi and different than usual Kata.
KURAI (位) Mental and physical stance or preparedness
KUSARI FUNDŌ (鎖分銅) A weighted chain sometimes used as an hidden weapon, especially if
the weight was fairly light.
KUZUSHI (崩し) Loss of balance.

Kuzushi or loss of balance often occurs in HYR and is one of the
major objective in the weaponless Kata. For it is precisely at the
moment of the opponent’s loss of balance that it is easiest to control
him..
KYO (虚) - JITSU (実) Kyo means “false” and Jitsu means “true”.
In a martial context Kyo, can also be seen as weak (lack of energy,
body, kamae, power and waza), as opposed to Jitsu (full of energy,
body, kamae, power and waza).

The concept of Kyo is also related to Suki (openings) and Kogishin
(hesitation) .
KYŪSHO (急所) The vital points on the human body.

When striking an opponent, the aim is almost always to hit such a vital
point. Knowing the vital points is a study on itself.
MA (間) Ma is distance, interval.

Both distance and time are major parts of the interval between two
things.
Distance can be far (Tō-ma), medium (Chū-ma) or small (Chika-ma)
From a danger perspective there is Shi-no-ma (death range) and Sei-
no-ma (life range), the latter being a distance where one cannot be
cut/hit directly.
MA-AI (間合い) Literally “meeting an interval”, which can be both in time and in space.
Usually Ma-ai is used for correct distancing, but timing has to be right
as well.
MAKE (負け) Defeat

The goal of an encounter with an enemy was obviously “victory”
(Katsu), however some would argue that not to lose face was so
important that there were many instances that not to be defeated was
already a noble strategy.
MEN (面) Literally, “face”

The sides of the head are called Sokumen.
MENKYO KAIDEN (免許皆伝) License of complete transmission

A Menkyokaiden holder, is a person who obtained the highest level of
teaching and therefore received a license of complete transmission of
a given system.
METSUKE (目付) Eye contact
MI (身) Body, oneself

Is used in compound words like Irimi: incoming body
MICHI (道) Road, way

The alternative reading “Do’ is often used in compound words and
refers to “Tao”, the way as described by Chinese Taoists,
MISOGI (禊) Purification practice (Shinto)

A popular way was a retreat in the mountains and standing under a
waterfall.
MITORI KEIKO (見取稽古) The process of learning by watching others perform.

When the Dojo is small and students have to wait their turn to practice,
they are encouraged to carefully watch the others while waiting.
MIZUOCHI (水落) or MIZOOCHI (鳩 Mizuochi (also pronounced Mizoochi) is the Solar plexus in Western
medicine.
尾) Also called Suigetsu (although theoretically, this is the point where the
heart chakra, which is fire, meats the belly chakra, which is water)
MUNE (棟) Back of the blade, opposite side of the cutting edge (ha)
MUNE (胸) Chest.
MUSHA SHUGYŌ (武者修行) Musha Shugyo refers to a period in the life of a samurai, where he
would wonder around Japan, to train with other schools, duel, perform
work, in order to improve his skills but also his character.
MONOUCHI (物打ち) The cutting edge near the tip (Kissaki) of the sword.
This is the part of the sword used to cut the opponent. Generally this is
9 cm (3 sun)

MUSHIN (無心) A state of mind that is not fixed upon anything. Introduced by Takuan,
who also introduced the concept of Fudoshin.
NAFUDAKAKE (名札掛け) The Nafudake displays the names of the members of the school
(wooden name tags attached on a wooden plate, hung on a small
metal hook and organized by rank).
In the Sohonbu dojo of HYR, the names of the Densha, holders of a
Den license, are displayed on the Nafudake.
NAGE (投) Throwing

Throwing techniques, are part of Jujutsu Roppo, the six kinds of
techniques in HYR’s Jujutsu. Nage no Kata is a basic Kata in HYR
and consists of 10 throwing techniques.
NAGINATA (薙刀) Halberd
NAGI WAZA (薙技) Mowing techniques, specific for the Naginata

They are also present in the Bojutsu of HYR:
 NAGI SUNE UCHI is a downward mowing technique with a
strike towards the leg’s shin or the knee of the opponent
 NAGI AGE starts downwards but finishes as a rising
technique
NANAME (斜め) Diagonal
NAWA (縄) Nawajutsu, also called Hojojutsu, is the traditional art of rope binding
used to restrain a prisoner. The cord or rope, called Nawa in HYR is a
kind of lasso, with knots tied in. The fast rope binding techniques in
HYR, are sometimes called Hayanawa, lit. quick rope.
NIHON (日本) Japan, in Japanese called Nihon, also pronounced Nippon, is formally
known as Nihon Koku: the State of Japan.
NIHON KOBUDŌ KYŌKAI (日本古 “Japanese Classical Budo Association”, established in February 1978.
Hontai Yoshin-ryu, is a member of the Nihon KoBudo Kyokai
武道協会) (belonging to the Nihon Budokan).
NIHON TŌ (日本刀) Correct translation of Japanese sword
NITŌ KAMAE (日刀構え) Basic stance for the Cho Bo
NODO (喉) Throat
NŌTŌ (納刀) Placing the blade into the Saya (sheath).
NUKIUCHI (抜き打ち) Lit. drawing and striking.

In most sword systems, Nukiuchi refers to the drawing of the sword
and attacking in the same stroke
NYŪMON (入門) Entering the gate.

Entering the gate of the school, to start as a beginner (Shoshin).
OBI (帯) Belt.

In HYR, a belt is worn under the Hakama
As of Shodan, a black belt, called Kuroi Obi, can also be worn above
the Hakama..
ŌDACHI (大太刀) Long sword

Ōdachi can refer to several things:
 A large sword (bigger than standard, which means exceeding
3 Shaku or 91 cm). An example is the Nodachi (field sword).
 Long sword (Ōdachi) in contrast to short sword (Kodachi),
ŌJI WAZA (応じ技) Oji-waza (from the verb ōjiru, to respond) are counter movements

OKU NO KATA (奥の形) Interior Kata.
Although still considered a basic Kata, Oku no Kata has to be studied
after the techniques of Gyaku no Kata and Nage no Kata have been
sufficiently mastered.
OMOTE (表) Omote refers to surface; front; face; exterior; outside

The opposite of omote is Ura.
OMOTE NO KATA (表の形) Front Kata

Omote no Kata, is the oldest Kata, intended for the advanced level and
consists of 13 techniques. It should only be studies after the basics of
HYR are sufficiently mastered.
OSAE (押さえ
) The act of pressing down (from the verb Osaeru)
OTOSU (落す) to drop, or to let fall

In HYR, there are many techniques that use the principle of bringing
down or dropping. For instance:
 Hiji Otoshi: bringing down the elbow in GYAKU NO KATA
 Hora Otoshi: bringing down the head (lit. bringing down a
cavity, referring to the ear cavity), in NAGE NO KATA
 Konoha Otoshi: let fall the leaves of trees, in NAGE NO
KATA
 Kote Otoshi: bringing down the forearm, in OKU NO KATA
 Ke Otoshi: bringing down a kick, in OKU NO KATA
 Tai Otoshi: brining down the body, in OKU NO KATA
 Inazumi Otoshi: bringing down “a flash of lightening” in OKU
NO KATA
 Mawashi Otoshi: bringing down while turning, in OKU NO
KATA
 Hiki Otoshi:: bringing down while pulling, in TANTO DORI
 Kuguri Otoshi: bringing down while submerging, in TANTO
DORI
 Hiji Gime Otoshi: bringing down while concluding on the
elbow, in TANTO DORI
 Ranpu Otoshi: bringing down a “wind disturbance”, in
TANTO DORI
 Taki Otoshi: bringing down like a “waterfall”, in CHO BO
KUMIDACHI
 Maki Otoshi: turn and bring down in HANBO KUMIDACHI
RAN (乱) Lit. chaos, revolt

Although most people will know “Ran” as the name of the movie of
Akira Kurosawa, the concept is frequently used in Budo.
REI (礼) Behaviour, conduct, manners,…

While studying the Budo (and especially Koryu), a great importance is
given to etiquette (Rei or Reishiki). The true meaning of Rei (礼)
becomes clear when looking at its Kanji, showing a man kneeling at an
altar.
In daily practise (and in a very narrow meaning) Rei (or Reiho) is also
used to refer to the greeting rituals (bowing):
 Ritsu rei (立礼): standing bow
 Zarei (座礼): kneeling bow
RENSHU (練習) Both Renshu and Keiko (稽古) can be used to refer to training
Some people use Renshu for physical training, where drills are
rehearsed, in comparison to Keiko, sometimes translated as “the
teaching of the old masters”, a process where not only physical drills
are involved but where one continuously tries to improve himself (in
order to truly get to understand the technique and to be able to
execute it in a similar way than previous experts.
Shugyo is also used to indicate training or study but more in a spiritual
context

RENZOKU (連続) Means continuously and is sometimes used in a training context, to
indicate the continuity of techniques.
RI-AI (理合) Meeting the truth/logic

Understanding the Ri-Ai of a system, means understanding the deeper
meaning and underlying principles..
RYŪ (流) Literally, “current/flow”, but used as a suffix, it can be best translated
as style or school (cfr. Ryūha).
RYŪHA (流派) School in some kind of discipline (when used as a suffix, the –ha is
omitted).
SAGE (提) Carried in hand

Sage-Bo is a position where the CHO BO (長棒) is held in the middle
with one hand, with the BO (棒) facing forward and parallel to the
ground.
Sage-To is astanding position with the Bokuto in the left hand, arms
extended (in contrast to Taito, where the arms are bended so the
Bokuto comes at the left waist).
SAGEO (下緒) Cord attached to the Saya
SASAE (支え) Support (from the verb Sasaeru, to support, to hold up).
SAYA (鞘) Scabbard in which the sword is sheated.
SAYŪ (左右) Left and right

Although the usual reading for left is Hidari and right is Migi, in
compound words the pronunciation can be Sa and (Y)ū .
SEIGAN (正眼) Literally, “aiming at the eye”

Seigan no Kamae is a basic stance for the sword but also for Cho Bo
and Hanbo.
SEIRETSU (整列) Standing in a line
SEIZA (正座) Kneeling position
SEME (攻め) Literally, “aggression, attack”

Initiative to close the distance and maintain the pressure when
launching an attack.
SEN (先) Initiative (can also be read as “Saki”, before)

In kendo, there are 3 kinds of initiatives defined (Mittsu no sen):
 Go no sen (tai no sen): timing when responding to an attack
 Sen(no sen): timing in response to but before the opponent
finishes his attack
 Sensen no sen: timing in response to an intended attack
(even before sen)
These methods of initiative can also be called Taisen
SENPAI (先輩) Senior student, as opposed to Kohai, junior student
SENSEI (先生) Title used to refer to or address teachers. In Japan, the title
Sensei is not only used for teachers but for all kind of authority figures
such as doctors, lawyers, politicians, and others.
SEPPUKU (切腹) Cut the Belly

Seppuku (切腹) is the more formal name for Hara Kiri (腹切り. It is
written with the same two characters but in reverse order.
SHAKU (尺) Japanese measure

The Shaku is defined as 10/33 meters (approximately 30.3 cm), and is
divided into 10 Sun.
SHIKATA (仕方) or SHIDACHI (仕太 Shikata, literally means “using person” (Shidachi means “using
sword”)
刀) Shikata (or Shidachi) is the one performing the techniques, in contrast
to Uchikata (or Uchidachi).
SHIKKŌ (膝行) Knee (Sjtsu or Hiza) moving (Go from the verb iku, to go)
The correct method of moving around starting from Seiza
SHIME (締) Lit. tighten

Choking (strangling)
SHIN (心) Heart/mind

The heart is pronounced Shin (心) in most compound words (e.g.
“Fudoshin”, immovable heart) but is called Kokoro (心) as a
standalone word.
SHINKEN (真剣) Real sword

A Shinken is very sharp, in contrast to most practise swords. A
Shinken, traditionally made in Japan is usually called Nihon-to.
SHINOGI (鎬) The Shinogi is the ridgeline that separates the edge (ha) and the
back (mune) of the sword.
SHINTŌ (神道) Way of the gods

Shinto is a typical Japanese religion, also known as “kami no michi”,
which is an alternative reading.
SHITEN (支点) The fulcrum of a lever (Teko).
SHIZEN (自然) Natural, spontaneous

Movements should be done naturally, unforced.
In kendo and some other arts there is the concept of Shizentai”,
natural posture.
SHŌMEN (正面) Front

Shomen-uchi is a straight downward strike to the forehead.
SHU HA RI (守破籬) Concept related to how to learn things over time:

 At the beginning of studying a waza we need to keep the
teaching of our teacher as it is. We imitate his moving and
execution. This keeping is Shu (in some way this is Shin).
 At the next step, the rules can be broken and other things can
be tried. This breaking is Ha.
 Next, there is the separation from the teaching to make one’s
own way. This is illustrated by Ri.
 Then with this experience, one can go back to Shu.
SHUGYŌ (修行) Training, practice, discipline
SŌKE (宗家) In the older days, Soke was the head of a family.
In a Koryu like HYR, it now is the title for the "headmaster." of the
school.
SUHADA KENPŌ (素肌剣法) Suhada can be translated as naked body (because no armour is worn)
and Kenpō is swordmanship (not to be confused with Kenpo, the
Chinese martial art)
Suhada kenpo, is in contrast to techniques done in armour (Kaisha
kenpō).
SUIGETSU (水月) Literally meaning "water moon"

Suigetsu, or the “water moon”, refers to the reflection of the real moon
in water. Nevertheless the real moon (heavenly moon) is unreachable

for us. Therefore only its reflection in water is part of our world, yet
more difficult to see clearly.
The concept of “ water moon” is very important in swordsmanship: the
sword is a “water moon” that only the skilled swordsman can see. The
ability to see the “water moon” is the first step in knowing how to detect
when e.g. the sword is out of reach and when it is in range.
In some schools, Suigetsu is used to refer to the solar plexus (as the
point where the water and fire chakra intersect). However,
scientifically, the solar plexus is referred to as Mizuochi (also
pronounced Mizoochi).
SUKI (隙) Opening

In a fight, one should not give openings to the opponent but on the
contrary, try to sense openings with the opponent.
There are different kinds of openings:
 Kokoro-no-suki (心の隙) - opening of the mind/spirit
 Kamae-no-suki (構えの隙) – opening in a kamae
 Dosa-no-suki (動作の隙) - opening during movement
(although it can be argued that this is also an opening in the
mind, since maintaining pressure and concentration while
moving is a mental status)
SUN (寸) Japanese measure.

One sun is approximately 3 cm.
Sun is also used to indicate that there is only a very small space
(example Sun-dome: stopping just before something).
SURI - (摺) Sliding

Used in different combinations: Suri-ashi (sliding steps), Suri-komi
(entering by sliding in), Suri-age (sliding up),…
SUTEMI (捨て身) At the risk of one's life

Sutemi is a Kendo concept: Concentration of all one’s effort into one
strike, even at the risk of defeat
SYŪ HA RI (守破籬) Protect-Break-Construct

Concept related to how we learn things over time. At the beginning of
studying we need to keep the teaching of our teacher as it is. At the
next step, the principles can be broken and some applications on them
are made. Next, there is the separation from the teaching to make
one’s own way. Often this is more loose, although still very strong.
TACHI (太刀) Long sword
TAIJI SEI (対峙生) Confrontation with oneself.

Inevitable part of “following the way”. One will always be confronted
with oneself. Therefore it is important to not be tended by arrogance
but respect (not fear) enemy, teacher, fellow student,…
TAIKAI (大会) Big meeting
TAISEN (大先) Set of Initiatives (see also Sen).
TAITŌ (帯刀) Wearing a sword

Standing position with the Bokutō in the left hand, arms bended so the
Bokutō comes at the left waist (in contrast to Sageto, where the arms
are extended). This imitates a sword being worn in the obi (which also
can be called Taitō)
TAME (溜) Literally “Accumulate”

In a martial context, it is usually used to describe the condition of
building a mental and physical balance that will enable a successful
execution of a technique. In fact, it results in creating space to move.
TAN (胆) Liver; courage (guts)

In Japanese liver can also mean courage, like “guts” in English

TEKO (梃子) Lever
Joint dislocations, Gyaku, and throws, Nage, are commonly achieved
through application of the lever, or Teko, principle. The fulcrum, or
Shiten of the lever usually being a part of the jujutsu expert’s body
placed strategically beneath or upon a joint or weak body point.
TE NO UCHI (手の內) Te no uchi refers to the correct grip of the sword, or in a broader
sense to one’s skills.
TSUBA (鍔 or 鐔) Sword guard
TSUKA (柄) Handgrip, hilt of the sword
TSUKI (突き) Thrust towards the abdomen or throat of the opponent.
UCHI (打) Strike
UCHIKATA (打方)or UCHIDACHI (打 The one undergoing the techniques but yet guiding (his role is to let
Shikata learn the techniques).
太刀) In contrast to Shikata (or Shidachi)
URA (裏) Back; reverse (opposite of Omote).
WAKIGAMAE (脇構) Waki means "the other way, side".

Wakigamae is a basic stance
WAZA (技) Technique
YŌ (陽) Literally, “yang”
ZANSHIN (残心) Zanshin is often translated as to stay with spirit/heart

It is a high state of awareness, vigilance and alertness, where
concentration is maintained in order to always be ready for the next
move. It is also a formal way to go back to the correct preparation for
the next Waza (or ending).

Part 2: Techniques
Training the KIHON (基本) is training the foundation or the basis of the art. In HONTAI YOSHIN RYU, formal KIHON
training is considered essential for BOJUTSU ( 棒術), where the students learn to handle the CHO BO ( 長棒) in a
practice without opponent. Another formalisation of KIHON (基本) exists for IAIJUTSU.
The basics of weaponless fighting are usually immediately taught with GYAKU NO KATA 逆の形
( ),
followed by NAGE NO KATA ( 投の形), since both these KATA are true KIHON in spirit. The third KATA,
known as OKU NO KATA ( 奥の形) is called inner or inside KATA and although still basic it should only be
studied after the techniques of GYAKU NO KATA ( 逆の形) and NAGE NO KATA ( 投の形) have been
sufficiently mastered. These KATA were formalized by Minaki Saburo (17th soke) to prepare students for
OMOTE NO KATA ( 表の形), the oldest KATA of the school, Nevertheless, INOUE Tsuyoshi Munetoshi (
), the 18th generation SOKE ( 十八代宗家

井上剛宗俊 ), used a formal set of techniques in KIHON form
when teaching to specific target groups like high school children. This KIHON consists mostly of a set of
very simple GYAKU ( 逆) and NAGE ( 投) techniques and are ideal as warming up for larger groups.
Although they had to be memorised by high school students, they are not considered as an essential part
of the curriculum of the school. However for purely didactic reasons, these KIHON exercises can also be
very useful.
KATA (形) are the formal set of techniques used to transmit the essential techniques or principles, called GENSOKU
(原則), of the school. Emono Kata ( 得物形) is a term that can be used for weapon forms in contrast to Toshu (no)
Kata (徒手形), which is the term for empty handed or weaponless forms.The KATA in HONTAI YOSHIN RYU are:
 Toshu (no) Kata ( 徒手形

):
o GYAKU NO KATA ( 逆の形)
o NAGE NO KATA ( 投の形)
o OKU NO KATA ( 奥の形)
o OMOTE NO KATA ( 表の形
)
o TANTO DORI ( 短刀捕)
o TACHI DORI ( 太刀捕
)
 Emono Kata (得物形)

o CHO BO KUMIDACHI ( 長棒組太刀
)
o HANBO KUMIDACHI ( 半棒組太刀
:
o KODACHI OMOTE NO KATA ( 小太刀: 表の形)
o KODACHI URA NO KATA ( 小太刀: 裏の形)
o KODACHI HASHIRI GAKARI NO KATA. ( 小太刀
: 走りの形
)
In addition there are a number of KATA ( 形) for IAIJUTSU that have been formalised by INOUE Tsuyoshi
Munetoshi ( 井上剛宗俊
), the 18th generation SOKE ( 十八代宗家
).

Part 3: In the DOJO
The DOJO (道場; lit. the place to study the way), is the hall used for martial arts training.
The DOJO (is a humble place of natural and quiet dignity, always kept clean. An atmosphere of courtesy
and respect is essential to cultivate the appropriate spirit, associated with the practice of BUDO ( 武道). In
many instances, however, we don’t have the possibility to train in a true DOJO, i.e. a place totally devoted
to study BUDO ( 武). In fact many times we have to train in places that we share with others. Although in
theory, such a place should be called KEIKOJO (稽古場), since it has not the classical features of a DOJO
and it is not a devoted place, we do try to create the right atmosphere, so that we can call it our “Dojo”.
( ; upper seat), located in the front or SHOMEN ( 正面). The

A traditional DOJO has the KAMIZA 上座
KAMIZA ( 上座) should not be mistaken by the KAMIDANA ( 神棚), the place (in fact a shelf with a miniature
Shinto shrine) to honour the gods. Both words use different Kanji for KAMI ( 上: upper; versus 神: god).
Nevertheless, a KAMIDANA ( 神棚) is often present in the front of the DOJO.
The DOJO itself is divided by an imaginary line in 2 parts:
 JOSEKI ( 上座) is the upper location, located at the right side (when facing to the
front)
 SHIMOSEKI ( 下席),) is the lower location, located at the left side (when facing to the
front)
The ground map of a traditional DOJO:

During training In the DOJO much attention is given to proper clothing.
KEIKOGI (稽古着) is the uniform used for training, since the suffix –GI着)
( means clothes.and KEIKO (稽古) means
training. Although the word GI as such is normally not used, it can correctly be combined with other words like in
DO-GI, the uniform to study the way., Some modern BUDO disciplines tend to incorporate their name as for instance
KARATE-GI, JUDO-GI.
In most KORYU (古流), the KEIKOGI consists of a jacket, called UWAGI (上着) and a dark HAKAMA (袴). Above
the UWAGI (上着), a belt or OBI (帯) is tied.
The type of HAKAMA ( 袴) worn in BUDO ( 武道), is divided in two leg parts and were originally suited for
horse riding, hence the full name UMANORI HAKAMA ( 馬乗袴). These HAKAMA ( 袴) have seven pleats
(five on the front and two on the back), representing the seven virtues considered essential to the samurai:
GI, Yu, Jin, Rei, Makoto, Meiyo, Chu.
In most cases, the colour of the HAKAMA ( 袴) is dark blue or black. Occasionally a brown, gray or even
white HAKAMA ( 袴) is worn. In HONTAI YOSHIN RYU ( 本體楊心流柔術
), the colour of the HAKAMA ( 袴)
is black.
The HAKAMA ( 袴) must be tied by straps, called HIMO ( 紐). The rear has a rigid part, called KOSHI ATE
( 腰当て), below this, there is the HAKAMADOME ( 袴止め), a plastic hook to put into the OBI ( 帯) in order
to stop the HAKAMA ( 袴) from lowering.
HAKAMA SABAKI ( 袴捌き) or spreading the HAKAMA ( 袴) in order to sit (kneeling), is formalised in for
example the IAIJUTSU KATA; it is done with the right hand, first to the left, then to the right.
After training, it is important to fold the HAKAMA ( 袴) correctly. It is also a tradition that one of the more
senior students folds the HAKAMA ( 袴) of the teacher (especially when the teacher is soke).
Although training is usualy performed barefoot, the only acceptable footwear when performing HONTAI YOSHIN
RYU (本體楊心流), are TABI (足袋), or traditional socks with a split toe.
The space to separate the big toe from the other toes in TABI ( 足袋) facilitates the wearing of sandals.

Part 4: Basic vocabulary useful in and around the dōjō (not HYR specific)
1. Basic Japanese words/expressions
 Hai: yes
 Iie: no
 Sumimasen or Shitsurei shimasu: excuse me
 Arigatō gozaimasu: thank you
Note: for actions that are finished, the past tense is used: arigatō gozaimashita.
This is also said at the end of a training session
 Onegai shimasu: please do

This is also said at the beginning of a training session
 Dō itashimashite: you are welcome

 Wakarimasu: I understand (in contrast to wakarimasen: I don’t understand)
 Chigau/chigaimasu: different
 Hajime: begin
 Yame: end
 Ki o tsukete: take care
 Daijōbu desu: it is all right
 Kanpai: cheers
2. AISATSU (挨拶): the Japanese term for “greetings”.

 Ohayō gozaimasu is used to say “good morning
 Konnichi wa is translated as “good day” or “hello.” (lit. “as for today”), the equivalent for the
evening is Konban wa
 Sayōnara means “goodbye”, although often it is replaced by the less formal Ki o tsukete (lit “take
care”, or “be careful”)
 Oyasuminasai (lit. “Have a good rest”) is used before bedtime

 (O)-hisashiburi desu means “It's been a long time”
 Hajimemashite is said when people meet for the first time
 Dōzo yoroshiku onegaishimasu is said when asked for a favour (lit. I ask you to treat me kindly)
 (O) genki desu ka is asked, meaning “Are you well (healthy. It usually is replied by Hai, genki
desu, meaning “Yes, I’m fine)

 Otsukare sama deshita means “Thanks for working so hard””
 When leaving a house or a dōjō, for a short time one usually say Ittekimasu, meaning “I'm going
but I'll be back”. It usually will get the reply Itterasshai, “See you later” in the sense of “ Have a
good time”
 When coming back to the house after a short while, one says Tadaima (“I’m home”), usually
replied by Okaerinasai (“Welcome back”).

3. New Year
 Ōmisoka (New Year's Eve) is a very busy day in Japan, In fact, the end of the year throughout
the beginning of the “new year”, is a particularly special time of the year for Japan but also for a
dōjō.
 Nōkai (lit. settlement gathering) are after training gatherings at the end of the year. They are also
known by the more recent word Bonenkai.
 Shōgatsu (or Oshōgatsu) is the term for “New Year” (literally “Proper Year”)
 Sanganichi (lit. three days”) are the first three days of January. This s usually time for family and
close friends.
 January 4th until January 15th is a period of 12 days called Matsu-no-uchi. This is when
hatsugeiko, shinnenkai, kagami biraki and other events are organized.
 Hatsugeiko: first training of the year, may-be followed by a Sinnenkai.

 Shinnenkai: New Year’s party that usually also includes special food Osechi-
ryōri), associated with Shōgatsu (such as mocha: sticky rice cake).
 Kagami Biraki: formal event with ceremony, drinking (ceremonial sake) and
food (traditional food is O-shiruko: sweet porridge of azuki beans served with
mochi). Kagami Biraki (opening the mirror) is a tradition that started in the
Tokugawa shogunate (actually started by the 4 th Tokugawa shogun) where
Daimyo were called together after the New Year. The shogun opened the doors
to his shrine, exposing the ceremonial mirror and prayed for prosperity and
luck. During the event kagami mochi is eaten. The mochi is not cut with a knife
(cutting has negative connotations like cutting off ties) but is broken.
4. JOSŪSHI (助数詞): counter words
Numbers are often used when counting during an exercise:

1. ICHI (one),
2. NI (two),
3. SAN (three)
4. SHI or YON (four)
5. GO (five)
6. ROKU (six)
7. SHICHI or NANA (seven)
8. HACHI (eight)
9. KYŪ (nine)
10. JŪ (ten).
The traditional general counters HITOTSU, FUTATSU, MITTSU, YOTTSU, ITSUTSU, MUTTSU,
NANATSU, YATTSU, KOKONOTSU, TŌ,…) are used when no specific counters are defined.
) or first technique,
When referring to a technique in a KATA, the following is used: IPPON-ME (一本目
NIHON-ME, SANBON-ME,…

5. HŌ (方): direction, used to indicate where to move:
 MAE (前), or forward (also called ZEN)
 ATO (後): backward (also called GO)
 SAYŪ (左右): left and right
 MIGI (右): right (also pronounced YU)
 HIDARI (左): left (also pronounced SA)
 NANAME (斜め): oblique
6. KARADA (体): body
During training, reference to different parts of the body is often made. Here some useful entries:
 Ankle ASHIKUBI (足首)

 Arm UDE (腕)
 Back KOSHI (腰)
 Blood CHI (血)
 Bone HONE (骨)
 Cheek HOHO (頬)
 Chin AGO (顎)
 Ear MIMI (耳)
 Elbow HIJI (肘)
 Eye ME (目)
 Face MEN (面)
 Finger YUBI (指)
 Fist KOBUSHI (拳)
 Foot ASHI (足)
 Forearm KOTE (小手)
 Hand TE (手)
 Head ATAMA (頭)
 Heart, Mind KOKORO (心)
 Knee HIZA (膝)
 Leg ASHI (足)
 Mouth KUCHI (口)
 Navel HESO (臍)
 Neck KUBI (首)
 Nose HANA (鼻)
 Temple KOMEKAMI (顬)
 Throat NODO (喉) or INKŌ (咽喉)

Part 5: the katana
( ). When training with a sword, proper

The KATANA ( 刀) is sheeted in a scabbard, called SAYA 鞘
reference to the major parts of the sword is essential:
 HA ( 刃) Cutting edge
 KISSAKI ( 切先) sword point/tip
 MONO UCHI ( 物打ち) part of blade near (10 cm) the tip, this is the cutting area
 MUNE( 棟) Back of blade, opposite side of the edge.

 TSUBA ( 鍔or 鐔): Sword guard
 TSUKA ( 柄) Handgrip, hilt (ending in the Tsuka-gashira: the pommel of the sword, the
butt of the handle).
Other parts of the sword:
 BŌSHI ( 鋩子) Tempered area in tip

 FUKUSA ( ふくら) the curved point (cutting edge) of Kissaki
 HA MACHI ( 刃区) end of cutting edge (HA), which is a notch for habaki,.
 HAMON ( 刃文) temper patern/ line.
 MEI ( 銘) name (signature) of the smith on tang.
 MEKUGI ANA ( 目釘穴) Hole in the tang for fixing Nakago and Tsukagi, by a piece of
dry bamboo that is nailed through the hole)
 MUNE MACHI ( 棟区) end of the ridge.
 NAKAGO ( 茎) Tang of blade.
 SHINOGI JI ( 鎬地) surface of the blade between the ridge and Shinogi-suji.
 SHINOGI SUJI ( 鎬筋) Line of blade that runs parallel to the ridge
 YASURI ME ( 鑢目) File marks on tang.
 YOKOTE 横手
The fittings of the sword:
 HABAKI ( はばき) Fitting between tsuba and blade, wedge for koiguchi.
 MEKUGI ( 目釘) Retaining peg.
 MENUKI ( 目貫) Decorative fixtures on handle.
 SAME ( 鮫) sharkskin, used for wrapping of TSUKA.

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Glossary related to

HONTAI YŌSHIN RYŪ

Guy Buyens, Okuden

Guy Buyens (http://www.hontaiyoshinryu.be)

Okuden, head of the HYR Belgian Branch

This glossary consists of:

 Part 1: alphabetical list of terms related to HYR

Note on Japanese language:

Page 1 (HYR Glossary - January 2016) copyright: http://www.hontaiyoshinryu.be

AGERU (上げる) To elevate, to raise.

AIKI (合気) The meeting of forces (at the same moment).

AI UCHI (相打) Mutual/simultaneous strike.

ASHI (足) Feet or steps.

ATE ( 当) Ate, from the verb ateru, means hitting.

BATTŌ (抜刀) Drawing of the sword.

BŌ AWASE (棒合わせ) Lit. the "meeting" of (two) sticks

BŌ JUTSU (棒術) The art to fight with a stick.

BOKUTŌ (木刀) Wooden sword for practice (also called “Bokken”)

BU (武) Military, martial

BUDŌ (武道) lit. martial way

Page 2 (HYR Glossary - January 2016) copyright: http://www.hontaiyoshinryu.be

BUKKYŌ (仏教) Buddhism

BUSHIDŌ (武士道) Way of the warrior

CHAKIN –SHIBORI (茶巾絞り) Wringing out (Shiboru) a tea cloth (Chakin)

CHIKARA (力) Force, strength.

CHŌ BŌ (長棒) Long staff

CHŌSHI (調子) timing/rhythm (also called Hyoshi)

CHŪ (中) Middle

CHŪDAN ( 中段) Middle level

CHŪSHIN (中) Literally ‘the centre mind/heart”

DEN (伝) Den, or transmission, is mostly used as a suffix.

Page 3 (HYR Glossary - January 2016) copyright: http://www.hontaiyoshinryu.be

DENSHA (伝者) Holder of a Den license

DŌ (道) Way, or street, can be translated in Japanese language in Michi),

DŌJŌ (道場) Place to study the way.

ENBU (演武) Demonstration of martial arts.

ENBUSEN (演武線) The line along which a technique is performed in a demonstrative,

ENKIN (遠近) Distance.

FUDŌSHIN (不 動 心) State of mind that is not troubled by anything. A concept introduced by

Page 4 (HYR Glossary - January 2016) copyright: http://www.hontaiyoshinryu.be

GEDAN (下段) Literally, “lower level”

GENSOKU (原則) Principles of the school.

GI (義) Righteousness; justice; morality; honour; loyalty

GYAKU (逆) Opposite

GYAKU NO KATA (逆の形) First Kata that is taught in HYR.

GYŌ (行) Gyo can refer to “a line” or to “action, movement”.

HA (刃) Cutting edge of a sword/blade

HAKAMA SABAKI (袴捌き) Spreading the Hakama in order to sit (kneeling)

HARA (腹) Abdomen.

HASUJI (刃筋) Literally, “blade line,”

HATSUGEIKO (初稽古) First training, or Keiko, of the year.

Page 5 (HYR Glossary - January 2016) copyright: http://www.hontaiyoshinryu.be

HENKA WAZA (変化技) Variations of Waza (techniques).

HESO (臍) Navel.

HIDEN (秘伝) Secret, mystery

HIKIMI (引身) Pulling back (the body)

HŌ (法) Method, way, doctrine

HONBU (本部) Honbu is headquarters and Shibu is branch.

HŌJUTSU (砲術) Traditional techniques of rope binding

FUDŌSHIN (不動心) State of mind that is not troubled by anything. A concept introduced by