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    Tourette Syndrome: Coordinated Patterns of Movements Involve Several Muscle Groups

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    DANY PAUL BABY
    Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder that affects approximately 3 out of every 1000 children, though some studies show higher rates. It is characterized by involuntary repetitive movements and vocalizations called tics. Symptoms are often first noticed in early childhood between ages 3 to 9. While it is usually a lifelong condition, symptoms typically improve or reduce with age during late teens and adulthood. The exact causes are not fully understood but involve both genetic and environmental factors. Most mild cases do not require treatment, but medications are available for more severe symptoms that interfere with functioning.

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    Tourette Syndrome: Coordinated Patterns of Movements Involve Several Muscle Groups

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    DANY PAUL BABY
    44 views4 pages
    Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder that affects approximately 3 out of every 1000 children, though some studies show higher rates. It is characterized by involuntary repetitive movements and vocalizations called tics. Symptoms are often first noticed in early childhood between ages 3 to 9. While it is usually a lifelong condition, symptoms typically improve or reduce with age during late teens and adulthood. The exact causes are not fully understood but involve both genetic and environmental factors. Most mild cases do not require treatment, but medications are available for more severe symptoms that interfere with functioning.

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    Tourette Syndrome

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    Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder that affects approximately 3 out of every 1000 children, though some studies show higher rates. It is characterized by involuntary repetitive movements and vocalizations called tics. Symptoms are often first noticed in early childhood between ages 3 to 9. While it is usually a lifelong condition, symptoms typically improve or reduce with age during late teens and adulthood. The exact causes are not fully understood but involve both genetic and environmental factors. Most mild cases do not require treatment, but medications are available for more severe symptoms that interfere with functioning.

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    44 views4 pages

    Tourette Syndrome: Coordinated Patterns of Movements Involve Several Muscle Groups

    Uploaded by

    DANY PAUL BABY
    Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder that affects approximately 3 out of every 1000 children, though some studies show higher rates. It is characterized by involuntary repetitive movements and vocalizations called tics. Symptoms are often first noticed in early childhood between ages 3 to 9. While it is usually a lifelong condition, symptoms typically improve or reduce with age during late teens and adulthood. The exact causes are not fully understood but involve both genetic and environmental factors. Most mild cases do not require treatment, but medications are available for more severe symptoms that interfere with functioning.

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    Tourette syndrome

    Tourette syndrome [TS] is a neurological disorder that affect 3 out of ever


    thousand children. But some studies showed that TS affect every 6 out of 100-
    children. 200,000 Americans are affected from the most severe form of TS. 27% of
    diagnosed TS shows moderate to severe form of the classified TS condition. TS
    affects both the gender in all ethnic backgrounds, but males are affected three
    times more. Tourette’s are often commonly found in children, studies showed that
    TS decreases or patients withdraw the symptoms as with the age.
    Tourette syndromes is clinical characterized by involuntary repetitive movements
    and vocalizations called as tics. The French neurologist Dr. George Gilles de la
    Tourette first described the condition.
    Symptoms are often noticed first in the early childhood, most patients are
    diagnosed around the age of 3 to 9 years. TS can be a lifelong condition with
    symptoms that last a lifetime in many cases. But symptoms worsens in the early
    teen, with the symptoms improves or subsidies as the patient continue into a
    mature age.

    Tourette syndrome is classified as simple or complex tics. Simple motor tics


    presents as very brief sudden continuous repetitive movements by a very limited
    number of muscle groups. Complex tics are distinct, coordinated patterns of
    movements involve several muscle groups.
    These tics have a typical presentation of wax and wane, tics can be inhibited
    temporarily, and are characteristically lead by an unwanted impulse or perception
    in the affected muscles.
    Can the person control their tics? Although the indications of TS are spontaneous,
    some people can sometimes subdue, mask, or otherwise cope their tics in an effort
    to diminish their impact on functioning. However, people with TS often report a
    considerable accumulation in pressure when subduing their tics to the point where
    they feel that the tic must be articulated against their will.

    Cause
    The exact cause of Tourette syndrome isn't understood well. Studies have showed
    that both inherent and environmental influences are involved. Genetic
    epidemiology researches have shown that majority of cases of Tourette's are
    congenital, even though the exact mode of inheritance is not yet understood. A
    person with TS has 50% chance of passing the defected genetic factor to their
    offspring’s. Even though the exact pathophysiological mechanism affecting the
    congenital susceptibility to Tourette's has not been implicit, and the precise cause
    is unknown. Tics are thought to result from dysfunction in the cortical and
    subcortical regions, the thalamus, basal ganglia and frontal cortex. According to
    the study published in Pediatr Rev 2000 Nov;21(11): 372-83 by Zinner SH in St.
    Louis University School of Medicine, Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, the
    neuroanatomical models implicated failures in circuits connection the brain’s
    cortex and sub cortex.
    Treating
    The Tourette syndrome does not often cause impairments, the majority of people
    with TS require no medication for tic subdual. However, active treatments are
    available for those whose symptoms obstruct with functioning. Neuroleptics (drugs
    that may be used to treat psychotic and non-psychotic disorders) are the most
    dependably useful medications for tic subdual; a number are available but some are
    more effective than others (for example, haloperidol and pimozide)

    Conclusion
    Tourette syndrome is a spectrum disorder—its severity arrays over a variety from
    mild to severe. The majority of cases are mild and require no management,
    Students with TS often function well in the regular classroom. The circumstance in
    many personage improves in the late teens and early 20’s. As a result, some may
    essentially become symptom free or no longer required medications for tic
    subdual. Even though the disorder is commonly lifelong and prolonged, it’s not a
    progressive condition. Individuals with TS have a normal life expectancy. TS does
    not harm brainpower. Though tic signs tend to reduce with age, it is possible that
    neurobehavioral syndromes such as ADHD, OCD, depression, generalized anxiety,
    panic attacks, and mood swings can persevere and cause impairment in adulthood.
    With the upcoming research studies and diagnostic abilities, in future we will be
    able to understand the cause and reason for Tourette, with that knowledge better
    treatment or a possible cure is not in a distant future.

    Reference
     Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet", NINDS, Publication date January 2012. NIH Publication No. 12-2163
     Stern JS. "Tourette's syndrome and its borderland" (PDF). Pract Neurol. 2018 Aug;18(4):262–70.
     Jankovic J. Movement Disorders, An Issue of Neurologic Clinics. The Clinics: Radiology: Elsevier, 2014, p.
    viii
     Zinner SH. "Tourette disorder". Pediatr Rev. 2000;21(11):372–83.
     Bloch M, State M, Pittenger C. "Recent advances in Tourette syndrome". Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2011
    Apr;24(2):119–25.
     Tourette syndrome fact sheet. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. July 6, 2018.
    Retrieved on November 30, 2018.
     Leckman JF, Bloch MH, King RA, Scahill L. "Phenomenology of tics and natural history of tic
    disorders". Adv Neurol. 2006;99:1–16.
     Neurodevelopmental disorders. American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved on December 29, 2011.
     Bagheri MM, Kerbeshian J, Burd L. "Recognition and management of Tourette's syndrome and tic
    disorders". Archived March 31, 2005, at the Wayback Machine. American Family Physician.
    1999; Retrieved on October 28, 2006.
     The Tourette Syndrome Classification Study Group. "Definitions and classification of tic
    disorders". Arch Neurol. 1993 Oct;50(10):1013–16. PMID 8215958 Archived April 26, 200
     Cohen AJ, Leckman JF. "Sensory phenomena associated with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome". J
    Clin Psychiatry. 1992 Sep;53(9):319–23.
     Kwak C, Dat Vuong K, Jankovic J. "Premonitory sensory phenomenon in Tourette's syndrome". Mov
    Disord. 2003 Dec;18(12):1530–33.
     Swain JE, Scahill L, Lombroso PJ, King RA, Leckman JF. "Tourette syndrome and tic disorders: a
    decade of progress". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;46(8):947–68
     Scahill LD, Leckman JF, Marek KL. "Sensory phenomena in Tourette's syndrome". Adv Neurol.
    1995;65:273–80.
     Miguel EC, do Rosario-Campos MC, Prado HS, et al. "Sensory phenomena in obsessive–compulsive
    disorder and Tourette's disorder". J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Feb;61(2):150–56.
     Black, KJ. Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders.eMedicine (March 30, 2007). Retrieved on
    August 10, 2009.
     (2017, August 30). MY CHILD HAS TOURETTE’S SYNDROME. Retrieved from
    http://www.nwflcrg.com/2017/08/30/child-tourettes-syndrome/

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