tJN I T

'1 Tuning in

Listening: mu ltip le choice (Pa rt 1)

1 . Discuss th ese qu esti ons.
Should music just be somethin g we listen to, or
should we also make music? Why?
2 Which would you rather listen to: live music or
record ed music7 Why?
3 Do you like hea ring background music in shops and
restaurants? Why7NVhy not7

Q .·.2 You will hear three different extracts.

Choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits best
according to wh at you hear.

I Extract On e I
On a local radio station, you hear some
information about a musical event. J Extract Three J

1 Wh at type of event are they talking about? You hear two friends discussing a concert they
A a concert have just been to.
B an exhibition 5 Wh at do they agree about?
C a music festival
A how closely th e band managed to
2 What type of people is Terry encouraging reproduce th e sound on th eir CD
to attend this event? B how dul l th e band's CD sounds
compared to the live performance
_A_p eg pl ~_":'{Q() ~~e_ Ci~J?_c=il;i ~e Qf c_Q Qt@_~ ~i~_g ___
to th e music .. - c-·how disapp-ointing ·the ·sr ecial
B people who have a professional interest effects were at th e concert
in th e music 6 Wh at did th e girl enjoy most about th e concert?
C people who would like to learn how to
A th e reacti on of the audience
play the music
B the band's choice of material
C the perform ance of one ba nd member
Extract Tw o J

Yo u hea r part of a rad io discussion abo ut music.

3 What is the ma n's attitude towa rds 1 Discuss with oth er stud ents wh at kind of
background music? music:
A He finds it irritating. • you find inspiring
B He's grown accustomed to it. • helps you concentrate
C He no longer listens to it properly. • annoys you
• is good to listen to when you're happy or sad.
4 Why does th e woman sometimes li ke to
play music when she's worki ng? 2 Would you be happy to live w it hout music?
A It stops her feeling lonely. Why?NVhy not?
B It helps her to concentrate. 3 Should musicians be pa id more t han peo ple
C It's a source of inspiration doing other types of work? Wh y?NVhy not'

6
 UNIT 1 Tuning in

;-: 2.
Choose two mistakes th at you found
difficult to spot.
2 Identify th e area of grammar in each
case .
3 Look up those areas in a grammar
reference book. Make notes on what you
learn, and explain it to another stud ent.

:3 Discuss:
• the best ways of remembering areas of
grammar that you make mistakes with
• the best ways of eliminating grammar
mistakes from your writing and speaking.

Keeping a grammar checklist

Always keep your written work, and
make a note of any areas of grammar
that you made mistakes with more th an
once, li ke this:

Grammar 1: overview ::;a.

1.. The emai l below contains ten different basic :::=a .&ret111-111,C1. r
grammatical mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct ~ C,!A,e.c.yJist
them. Then check your answers with a partn er. The ~ t~
f irst one has been done for you . - :f_ 1Ve. be.--e.11-
l .~
-- ~-
I
....._
pre. .se.11 t pe.r.fec.T
:;:;g_ _
----------------- --- -------------------------·--------·-\ ::=a. + -for/.si11c.e ooi110 to f!A,e.
(@00 . . . 1 :::a
r . ::::a
c.i11e.111,C1. -for u.J
I! Hi Carlos I ::::a
le.et.st six ~eO'.r.S.
I Just tou ching base to tell (0) te you about the fil m I went to see last
==a. t!il-ird J} :r.'d reetd the ~.
f night as you asked. My advice to you are - don't both er with it at
==a. c.011diti 011C1.f reviews 1 :r.'d !il-itve: .
\ all! It was complete rubbish, and a waste of time and money_I
I really wish I had not gone myself, and if I'd have read the reviews,
::::a aive.11 it Cl. 111,is.s ~ .
I I'd have given it a miss. I've been going to the cinema regularly ::::a
i since at least six years, and th at was by far th e worst film I had ::=a. ~.

~\ .
I ::::E_ -'
seen up to now - it's a such terrible film I can't understand how or
why they decided to make it. Apart of everything else, I was so ::=el.
bored! So in case you might consider to go, you know my opinion
:::::£ .
now!

Anyway - enough of my complaints - and in spite of my

disappointment with this particular film I haven't actu ally gone off
film s in general! So on a different topic - I know that you are Add to this checklist as you do more
interested for live music gigs, and I wondered whether might you written work and become aware of any
like to come with me to the open-air concert in the park next
other typ ica l mistakes t hat you make,
Saturday? It'll be great, and all th e others are going. Let me know
and refer to it before you start a new
! it what you think - but unless I hear from you by Friday I'll assume
you can't make it. I'm attaching some information about the concert
piece of w ritin g. This may help you to
with this email so th at you can see who is playing, and we can get avo id making the same mistake aga in .
th e ti ckets on the night.

So th at's all for now - speak to you soon.

All th e best,

Jose
 C\'IT 1 Tuning in

Reading: multipl e matching

(Part 4)

1 Discuss these questions.

Would you ever go to see a concert by a tribute
band - where a group of musicians impersonates a
famous group7 Why?NVhy not?
2 Why do you think tribute bands are popular7
~~ ·.,, ,.

.. . . '~~· · , 'a '~;t;;,:~ ' ' .'

3 Who do you think goes to see them?
4 How do you think they are regarded a) in the
music business b) by th e origina l band members?
A It's . a· hot ev.ening ·•in 'Smail :town ' in .the . ,_:. ':
.· 2 Read the article quickly to see if you were Engli~h ivfid.l.and~/:'Aiid · ·a~ · thd "!Nrei bari.d .· plays:.. :·:·'.'. ,. . ·
right. In which section was each of your the first- bars of th~
. .so~g' I Bet. You .,
iook Good. on th; ' '
1
·' ·( .

questions answered? Dance Floor.at.

a
.
loca.l.,club; .
thingS:are 'g·\·
ettjng
,
'yery. ·
s warm inqeed .. Ou.t. .on the .:dapce floor; in.::the·.•
· 3 You are going to read an article about live middle of' a steaming .crowd; a ~oupie 0£. doz~n ·
music. For questions 1- 15, choose from the young men are hurling th.emselves·arou'nd in tihie · · {
sect ions of the articl e (A-E). The sections may be ·to the music, 'sendi~g- glasses .andf' Coke · b'ottles . •. '.,.
chosen more than once. flying. As the song finishes,
• I l ;
the
'•
club' -owner.. tak~'•
s' I •

10 to· the stage and appeals for:calm, ''Jt's,a great set

In which section is each of the following by a great band, lads, but let's chill ;out a bft, eh?'
mentioned? ---- It is, in short, what )1ou might, sxp~ct 'tr.om a\li~e
The preparation that one tribute band had performance featuring ·the mu~ic 1, o( one of .
to do LIIJ Britain's most explosive' rock: oytfits. Except t~e . .. '
15 musicians on stage are ~ouhe;, ~pticJvio~.keys, .
A tribute band that now has imitators itself [[[] the Internet phenom<;non: The<y ate . a;.qibute
. t • '•• tr '

How one tribute band dealt with a potential band called the Anta(c:;tic:;· .fylonkey&, four youi;ig
shortage of material CI:CI men giving a musical impression' of the real thi.rig. "
'We have a ban.d of OU(.own.cal[ed Ryde/ sajs the
The good value for money offered by some 20 Antarctic's Ian Fktcher. 'B~1t Y,e coul~q~t get gigs. ,
tribute bands @I] An<l when we rlin;· _r.hey:alw:iy11 sai.<l; "Do yo'11><rlo,,,. ·.,~
The origins of the idea of tribute bands ~ covers?" We were ·sitting arourid' .thinking about ;: ·
· ' • ~ I 1 . ,. - .. - ·
how we ·. could . 'get out ...there ., and pla"· ,,.i.and : . .
~

The negative attitude of some people in someone ~aid: "Why don;t .we .do a,-:_fyI~nke)'s
the music business towards tribute bands []I] 25 tribute?'; . We all love thei~ music, ~o ,v~ did.' . · :·.

The difficulties that unknown bands have

in finding work at live venues [[[] . 13 f\f~yr_. two we~ks" 'cios~·:s~u~y, '.90h~ Arctic ''.;
· t:4onk~y_s' ?ebur .al5uffi ~ :.W1a}ep,~~ f,1opJ; ~aj·j ;.
The widespread popu larity of concerts by Am, That's What !'in.Not-.,. Fletcher.and his'frlends
tribute bands in Britain !]I] t9.
had .perfected the so.~rid the' P-~i.nf ; here. only
The reaction to a tribute band by a 30 the most highly trai.ned ~~iirS Cotild :; ~pot 'the .

member of the original band [[[] difference. '.Venues like Li{tp playfor hou'r ',he an
say~~ 'But the original .. aib4m . ~~ly Iastii»·; 43 ·
The enthusiastic response of minutes~ so we play' a coupl.e ofsp,rig~ 6.vi~e.' .And
members of the audience it goes down a storm. Arctic's fans,' soine so young
The similarity of the tribute band's 35 . they are accompanied by their ~arents, sing along

music to the original to every word. 1'.That's ·the thing about tribut~s'
· sa)1s cl~ b-6wn.er ] ulian" Harkins, whose _sJ.g~
1

How concerts by tribute bands are ·echoes to souridalikes every ·nig~t of the week. ~rn
un li ke those by the original bands th,e audirnce, there's no hol?ing back w~itin{to
4o see whitt happens. These ·are.:diehard fans. From
. the first bar to the last, they're really in:to it.' .' :·.
. . . ·. .' ~ ~

8
 U:\'IT 1 Tuning in

C The spread of the pop faker is by no means restrict~d to the

English Midlands. Check out the.live music listings of any UK local ··
paper and you'll find them stuffed with g~oups like Alike C~oper, 4 Tribute bands essentially
45 and Cheap Purple. All offer no~ just splendid names, but pitch- .
pret end to be t he origin al
,, perfect facsimiles of the genuine article. Such is the grow~h 9£,'th'e artist s. Look back through th e
.: musical copycat business, there's eve·n.an annual festival. Here:.you article and highlight all th e
can watch an.ersa.tz Freddie Mercury, M~rc Bolail and Jimi Hendrix words that are used to sugg est
. twang away for not much more than the cost of a couple of coffees. ~­ th e idea of copying .
~o Not a bad deal, given· thllt you '11 never have a chance to-see ·r9e
0rigin~ls. · · . . ..
.. !•' ~ •
··s Look th ese words up in a
dictionary such as th e Longman
·;>:· ·.:._IDIn ~: d.pc~_m ent~ry\.:, S~~1rJ:i1; the Cl~tic~: ~~ -be b:o.~dcasr• ~at9(thi~ ::·1 :i.~1 Exams Dictionary. In what
, .. ' month, . the. JO]Jrnalist Andr~w- Collins t~aces .. mbute l:!anO.s .to a · . ·. context would you normally
·. . .:failed B'eatles musical in die Jai:e 197bs: -C)ut of the ashes s;rrierged ··. : · expect t o find th em?
.... ss tli°e B0q.tieg Beatl~s,. whb ,h~ye now made· a 25-ye~r c~;ee~..-.but of . . r
impersonating the'· mostf~mous band o(the. 1960s. 'It's like tjm_e·· hurling (A) holding back (B)
travel. IL's a snapshot of tfie band ·as they· ~rere at their peak. You · stuffed (C) diehard (B)
can walk into a small unpretentious live mµsic· venue and se_e twang (C) chill out (A)
·someone ·pretending ·to ·be the Rolling Stones as they were ·in the covers (A) venues (B)
V%0s:. Go: along to. the genuine Rol.ling Stone.s gig and you'll see .
the rea!-'thin9'in t:heir sixties. 'It's a big d.ifference.'
Decide wh at part of speech
E In a sense, even i:he Antarctic Monkeys are haiiing back to a th ey are.
1 , ,.• . 1 1 t 1 • •
2 i_uui<. d L ihe rest of the
• 'a I f ' ' ' • •

1u:.L u111c, Liiv uay~ w11c;11 Lue t1.rq1c.; 1v10nKeys memse1ves emergea rt
· in a :s.mall ventie in Sheffield in the north of.Englan d, rather than sentence, and write down
65 playing domes in 'America. It may have bee~ _ only a few year~ ago, possible mean ings for each
but it's still a time th;it will never come again. Collins continues:
' 'There's an old rock journalists' idea of authenticity which can veer
· t0wards snolDlDer:y,' he says. 'The thing ab.out tribute bands. is th ey ·
~
I word.
3 Compare your ideas with other
stud ents.
of
take the snobbery .out· it:· T he-sell.re itabareL a0L5.1° i·11lileet.l, s~clr is "· ·
70 · the surreal•spin of the ,genre, the .worl~':;" ffiOH ~uc;ccssfu] tribute
I _6. , ChP.ck yo11r ;inswers by
· band is no longer a singular item. Bjorn Again, the Australian looking at th e dictionary
impersonators of the 1970s Swedish group Abba, have five or six extract s on page 188, whi ch
versio.q.s· of theniselves tol.\~ing the .globe at any one time. Th~y com e from th e Longman Exa ms
:··" have become a franchise. So wlrat do·the originals thin k about it all? : Dictionary. How close were
75 ' 1J:l,e . i3ootleg.,Beatl~s playef at the SOth :birthday party of ,Pink your answers?
.. ' · Floyd's Davia Gilin0ur; -:and ' among the- guests ,: was George
. Har.rison:.The ~eal Beatie was' int~oduc~d· to his imitators after the Z, Discu ss t hese questions.
. sho,w and wa~ very eompli~1enta~y.· . -
• •• •• f Wh at do you expect to find in a
good dictionary? Does th e
dicti onary you currently use
give you everythi ng you need?
2 Were the dictionary extracts
you looked at on page 188
useful ? Were the mea nings and
exa mples clear? Did you get all
the information you wanted
about the words? Wh at other
information about the word did
you find?
3 When do you try not to use a
dictionary? Why? When do you
find it useful to use a
dictiona ry/

.g
 UNIT 1 Tuning in

Vocabulary: word
formation (suffi xes)
1. Look at this examp le. What part of
speech are the underlined words? How
do you know?
Before going on stage, all I can remember
is a feeling not so much of fear or
nervousness, but of wonderful excitement.

. 2 Work with a partner. Look at the

words in the box. Do the suffixes in bold
general ly indicate that the word is a
noun, an adjective, a verb or an adverb?

weakness countable alternative

frightening rap idly option
successful performance legal
responsibility modernise political
enjoyment delicious decorative
confused pleasant combination

·., _3.,; Which suffixes from Exerc ise 2

make
• nouns from adjectives?
• nouns from verbs7
• verbs from adjectives?
• adjectives from nouns/verbs?
• adverbs from adjectives? Making music ~- their w~_ y
4-i Make a note of two more words A_recent, rather unusual music do'cumentary showcased
you know with each of the suffixes in not (1) .................... (prOfession) rn_
usidan?, but London
Exercise 2. Make sure that you also write busk~rs who were tak.ing part jn' a (2L ...:...:. .........(sponsor)
down what part of speech it is. licensed busking scheme·yvhich now boasts 602
performers (3) .................... (regular) playing at 31 station
pitches in the capital. This was a (4) ....,............... (determine)
departure from the.standard approach to .musical
1 Read the title of the article. Do you
think the article will be about unusual docun}entaries, but it was the po~hive (5) .................. ..
musicians, disk jockeys or music fans? (impress) made by the quality of the street musicians,
and their (6) .................... (intrigue) personal backgrounds,
2 Read the whole articl e. Were you that led to the (7) .................... (product) of the show. They
right? are all fantastic musicians in their own right, but what
3 Decide what form the word in they. had to go through to perform is (8) ............ ...
brackets shou ld be, then choose one (inspire).
of the suffixes from Exercise 2 to
complete the artic le. The mother
As a mother of two daL/ghters and a fu ll-time history
TIP! Make sure that you read the degree student, Jorderie Roberts has her hands full. But
whole sentence, and look out for any d~spite having had no (9) .................... (form) training, she
plura l nouns. helps to pay her bi lls with her clear and (10) ....... .......... .
(power) soprano voice outside the Royal Opera House.
She has no agent and struggles at auditions because
10 she is unable to read music (11) .. .. (fluent).
 UNIT 1 Tunin g in

6
Do you have buskers in your city? How do
people feel about them?

"/, Complete the second sentence so that it has

a simi lar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You
must use between three and six words, inc luding
the word given. There is an examp le (O) at the
beg inning.

TIP! Rem ember th at when you say things in

different ways, you often have to change the
form of a word, as in the exa mple below.

Example:
0 Lena was hugely disappointed when she lost the
record ing contract.
A
It came as z.i.~ 1.1.ge...tlJS..E:IPPP.irlt.l!'e..11.t.Jq Lena when
she lost the recording contract.
I'm very worried about David's forgetfu lness - it's
getting worse. MUCH
David's becoming . ..................... .......... .......... and it
worries me a lot.
2 People should take more respons ibil ity for their·
actions. BE
People shou ld .. ........................................... for their
actions.
The city worker . 3 The singer performed brill iantly and received a
F.or 14 years, Peter Murphy had a (12) .................. .. standing ovation. BRILLIANT
(respect) career as an accountant before .one day
The singer gave ... ....... and rece ived
deciding he wanted to b·usk for a living. He
a standing ovation.
vyalked out of his office, made an (13) ...:........ .......
(appear) on the streets the next day with a penny · 4 The young woman took an active part in street
whistle and never. went back tb his desk. Now he busking . ENGAGED
plays~ (elti~ harp. H~1 -alwaysw~nted to be a The young woman ...................... in street
musician, ·and being single and having no busking.
(14) ....: ... (responsible) for others, has-been
able to follow his dream. He has his own.. website .,[ .'. Discuss these questions.
and last year released his first CD .
Do you find street busking acceptable! Why?/
Why not?
The innovator
2 Which person from Exercise 5 do you find most
One of the first to have any (15) .................... (involve)
admirable? Why?
with the licensed busker scheme, Hadar Manor is
3 Would you like to busk! Why?/Why not! What
now in (16) .................... (negotiate) for. a recording
kind of busking wou ld you do /
contract. Her (17) ............:..... (determine) to make
4 Can you play a musical instrum ent! If not, which
her way in the music world led her to sirging in
one would you like to play? Why?
London stations. She earned enough to pay basic
5 What do you think is the most productive way to
bills, but was happy just to be able to give
fo llow a career in music!
(18) .................... (perform) . She was eventually
spotted singing one of her own songs outside
a tube station. '11 .
 CNIT 1 Tuning in

Use of English: open cloze 3

(Part 2) Read the article aga in and write one word in
penci l in each of th e gaps. Most of the words are
· 1 Discuss these questions. gram matical words (e.g. prepositions, ad verbs,
What type of music do you li ke7 etc.) rath er th an voca bul ary lin ked to t he top ic.
2 What do you thin k is the best way to find out If you are not sure of an answer, put as man y
about new bands, singers or music7 Why? poss ibiliti es as you think might fit. If you have no
idea, th en put a qu estion mark.
• listening to th e rad io
• reading the music press 2 Compare your ideas with another student. Explain
• word of mouth which answers you're sure about and why. Rub out
any alternatives.
• goi ng to live concerts
• surfin g th e Internet 3 Look together at any remaining gaps. Work out
what type of word is missing. If you're not sure of
2 t he exact word, have a guess.
1 Make a list.of the advantages and 4 Finally, read th e whole article again to make sure it
disadvantages of downloading music from makes complete sense with your answers in place.
the Internet for a) fans b) musicians.
2 Read the title, and then read the article
J4 Discuss these questions.
below quickly, without trying to fill in any 1 Does the writer think the Intern et is a good thing for
missing words. How does your list compare music generally?
with the writer's ideas? Does the writer 2 How do you think the music business has changed
have any different id eas? since this arti cle was written?
3 How do you like to get music yourself7 Why?

T·HE POWER OF FILE SHARING

The big music story The previous decade had seen a real revolution
of 2005 turned (8) ................ home recording. It hud become
(O} ... .9.Y..t........ to be the possible for anyone with musical ta lent, and a
success of the Arctic modest amount to invest in the latest digital
Monkeys, a British equipment, to achieve home recordings of
group (1} .......... . comparable quality (9) .. .. .. those produced in
debut single went professiona l studios.
straight to the top of
To people in the music business, (10) ....
th e charts. But theirs
was (2} . th e idea of allowing free down load ing was
ordin ary success story unthinkable. Surely, they reasoned, if you
' ~·
in the music business.
(11) ................... your music away on the Intern et,
(12) .......... wou ld buy a hard copy. But the
Far (3) . ... . being discovered and promoted by
one of the big record labels, the group had made success of the Arctic Monkeys demonstrated that
the loss of potential income when people
it (4) . .......... their own; recording th eir own
down loaded sorigs (13) . .. . tha n buying
material and freely distributing it via the Internet.
th em, cou ld be offset by the increased exposure
Music fans had downloaded th e songs, rea lised
1 the music got (14) .... a resu lt. In effect, it
(5) .................... good they were and then forwarded
the files to their friends by means of (6) ...
I was worth making some songs freely available
became known as 'file sharin g'. In (7)
i as a way of generating interest in others for
i (15) ................... ,of course, people had to pay.
words, the group's reputation had been
established via word-of-mouth.

12
 UNIT 1 Tuning in

Exam focus Grammar 2·: verb tenses (perfect

Paper 5 Speaking: conversation (Part 1) aspect)

About the exam: You take the Speak ing test with ·1 Look at t his se ntence from the text about
a partner. There are two exam in ers, one who fi le sharin g on page 12. Whi ch event happened
speaks to you (call ed th e Interlocutor) and one f irst? How do you know?
who just Iistens (the Assessor).
Music fans had downloaded the songs, realised how
In the f irst part of t he interview you and your good they were and then forwarded the files ..
partner will be asked questions in turn by the
interlocutor. These questions will be about you, . i.
and what you think about certain things. Some
1 Comp lete the sentences using contracted
typical topics are:
forms (e .g . He's not He has) .
o where you c.ome from
He .................... (be) crazy about jazz ever since he was
e your home and fam ily
five years old.
o your hobbies and interests
2 They ................. (finish) making the film in about six
• what you do months' time.
• your future plans 3 By th e time Lord of the Rings came out on DVD, I
• holidays and travel. ........... ........ (see) it th ree times.
4 I think I ... ................ (go) to that exh ibition, but I can't
but remember that your partner also has to remember when.
speak' Try to re lax, and enjoy the interview. 2 Name t he tense you have used in each gap,
and match them to the correct description.
Ci) · 1 ; Listen to part of an interview. Do you think
both cand idates: a) a state beginning in the past and lead ing up to the
prP~Pnt
• said enough? What ebe cuulu Ll1ey have sa id?
b) an event at some time in past - not exactly
• gave intere~ li11~ answers? How cou ld they hilvP specified
made them more interesting?
c) something that happened before a given
time/date/event in the past
·2
d) someth ing that wi ll or shou ld be completed by a
1 Work in a group of three. Student A is the specified time in the future
interlocutor. Ask Students 8 and C the
3 Each of these sentences has a mistake with
questions below in turn. After you have asked
verbs. Find the mistakes and correct them. Use
and answered all the questions, discuss
contracted forms.
whether Students 8 and C:
After I was there for two years, I decided to leave
• gave enough detail
the music school.
o gave interesting answers
2 By the time she's nineteen, she'll be away from
• cou ld improve the answers they gave. home for two years.
Do you enjoy listening to the radio7 Why?/ 3 I th in k that Jose goes to the footba ll game every
Why not? week last month.
2 Do you think that the quality of films nowadays is 4 He always enjoys music from a very early age.
improving or getting worse7 5 By the end of December, I finish my course.
3 Which day of th e week do you enjoy most? Why? 6 She visits New York every summer since her friend
4 What do you like doing when you relax7 moved th2re.
5 What kind of job wou ld you like to do in the
future? Watch Out! Contractions~-----.,
6 Which country would you most like to visit? • 's (has) - we use th is after pronouns and also
2 Think of six other questions you cou ld ask each after proper names. He's/Tom's
other, and write them down. Change roles and • 've (have), 'd (had) and '// (wifn - we usually only
ask and answer your questions. use these after pronouns, not proper names.

13
 CNIT 1 Tuning in

Simple v continuous form 2 Each set of sentences above demonstrates one

use of the form of the verb. Match each set to
3 the use below, and then write the use in the
space above the correct set.
1 Highlight the perfect continuous verbs in the
sets of sentences below. Then comp lete th e Repeated habit/\
last sentence in each set, using a perfect Results appa rent later .
continuous verb in the correct tense - past, Temporary activity or state ..
present or future. Use contracted forms. Duration emphasised .
Example: Incomplete action ..
A Bf3p.e.a.tf34 ha.IJ.i.t
4 Wh at difference (if any) does the change
I've been buying CDs off the Internet for years from simp le to continuous make to the fol lowing
now. pa irs of se nte nces?
2 She'll have been going out with Chris for three
a) I've bought some new clothes.
years soon.
b) I've been buying some new clothes.
3 l'q b..f3f3f1..ggin.g (go) to the gym regu larly al l that year.
2 a) Colin's living in London.
b) Colin's been li ving in London .
B ......................... .... ..
3 a) They'd been watching television before they
I've been working as a waitress recently to earn went out.
enoug h money to live on. b) They watch ed television before they went out.
2 Before she moved into the house, she 4 a) I haven't fe lt very well lately.
........ ................. (stay) in a sma ll motel. b) I haven't been feeling very well lately.
5 a) I'l l have fin ished by six o'clock.
c ........... . . . . . . b) I' ll finish by six o'clock .
We'd been trying to sort out the casting of the film 6 a) I've been to Paris three times.
for some time by then. b) I went to Paris three times.
2 We've been looking for the right person to play the
part for ages now. 5:
Read the comments from a music website
3 We . .. . . . .. (work) on location for six about recent concerts. Complete t hem using the
months by the time we finish the fi lm. correct tense of the verbs in brackets.

D present perfect simple, present perfect continuous

Julio wil l have been tra ining for the whole season, past perfect simple, past perfect continuous
so he' ll be looking fit. future perfect simple, future perfect continuous
2 She'd been studying all night, and she had big past simple, past continuous
circles under her eyes.
...--....... _.._______.........._...... - ... ·-·-~-,

3 Zoe .................................. (practise) rea lly hard, and it I

shows. ·--!
, ~, I

I (1) ..... ................. (listen) to rock music for many years I

E
- I (2) .. ....... (go) to some fantastic concerts in
Tom had been dream ing of working in the movies the eighties and nineties, but (3) .. .............. (go) to
for years when he got the ro le. one for several years until last week. I was glad I did - the
2 She's been hoping to get an interview with the concert was amazing!
director for the last six months.
3 I ... ... . ............ (wait) here for an hour soon.
----·-------·-------
., ..... .. ..

You will usually not be wrong if you use a simple I'm afraid that in my opinion the quality of music has declined
form instead of a continuous form, but th e recently, and I hope it won't take long before bands
continuous form often helps you to communicate (4) .. ... (learn) the lessons of the 'here today,
your meaning more effectively. gone tomorrow' pop that I think (5) .. . . . . . . (ruin)
music. By 2020 I want to hear cutting edge bands that by
then (6) ...... ........... (play') good music for at least
.14 ten yearsl
----------~----- ·----- ---
 UNIT I Tuning in

4 I should try to Lise lots of different grammatical

The queue to buy tickets was ridiculous - when I arrived structures and words.
people (7) .......................... ....... (stand) in the rain and one man 5 I have to get paragraphing and layout right, and
told me that he (8) ............................... (wai~ for over six make sure the language is always su itable for what
hours. If the band want people to come to their concerts, then I am writing.
they've got to improve their organisation.
2_ In Paper 2 your writing may be assessed on
t he fo ll owin g criteria:
a) organisation, coherence and use of lin king words
EC Work with a partner. Find an examp le of b) accuracy, including grammar, spel li ng and
something t hat: punctuation
c) range of vocabulary and grammar
• you've both been doing a lot lately
d) consistency and appropriacy of style and regi ster
• you' ll both have done by ten o'clock tonight
e) effect on targel reader.
• you'd both done by the time you were twelve
• you've both enjoyed today
Match the statements from Exercise 1 to the
• you've been hoping to do for ages, but have not
assessment criteria above.
done yet ·
• you both hope you' ll have ach ieved in the next
ten yCJ rs.
1 You are go ing to write a letter of comp lai nt
Use perfect tenses (simple and continuous) as about a f ilm. First, discuss these questions with
appropriate. a partner.
What kind of film do you think is su itable for a
Grammar reference p.197 (16) fami ly aud ience?
I What wou ld you norma lly expect to find in a fi lm
aimed at yo unger ch ildren?
Writing: drafting and organising 3 Whose responsibility do you think it is to mon itor
(Part 1) the films young children see?
2 Read the fo ll owing writing task, and underline
About the exam: Paper 2, Part 1 is a compul so ry the three things that you have to do in your
task, and you may have to write a letter, an letter.
article, a proposa l or a report. Think carefu lly
about what kind of text you have to write so
that you choose the right style of language to Your school is raising funds by showing fami ly
use. You will be given information to base your films at weekends. You took your young
writin g on; this wi ll be in the form of one 01· cousin to see a film there last weekend, but
more short texts wh ich may be annotated. You were disappointed. Read the advertisement,
should read the texts carefu lly, and use the the review and your notes. Write a letter to
information and notes appropriately to complete the schoo l outlining the reasons why you were
t he task. disappointed, your cousin's reaction to the
film, and suggesting what shou ld be done.
'·t What do you find most difficult to do when Started late Bad choice
you write? Read t hese statements and decide
how important you think they are when you Saturday 5 p.m. A fa ily film! Ma~ter
write in Eng lish. Then discuss your answers with a Plot is an action-pan ed comedy thriller
partner, giving your reasons. to please everyone. Aman is accused ~f Not long
I must remember who I am writing to, and what murder, and his attempts to clear ~1s enough!
overall impression my writing wi ll have on them. name are funny and enjoyable. Runnrn
2 I should make a plan before writing, and try to time 3 ho rs, with a short interval or
connect my ideas clearly. people buy ice cream. Tickets £9.
3 I don't need to worry about spel ling and grammar
mistakes when I write . No! Jokes too adult No reductions?
for young ones 15
 UNIT 1 Tuning in

5 To help you think abo ut t he org ani sation of

the letter, complete t he pl an of th e content
The acting is excellent below, add ing useful linking words and phrases
throughout.Although the from the answer.
plot is complex, and
S uitable sometimes confusing, it is Opening paragraph: Reason for writing
ornot? ~ rlP, Information included: ..
~er, and adult. However,
Linking phrases: I am writing to ...
the humour is black, and not
to everyone's taste. The Second paragraph: ..... .. ............................. .... problems
special effects are intense Information included: .
with images that could be Linking phrases Firstly, ... ; .. . ,
hard to forget. These might .... ............ . . . ... ....... ; On top of that ...

give children nightmares.\ Third paragraph: more ..

problems
They did! Information included: ........
Write your letter in 180-220 words.
Linking phrases: However, ... ;

.{4 :
Final paragraph:
1 Formal letters shou ld usua lly fol low a similar Information included: .... .................................................. .
pattern. Put the sections be low into an Linking phrases: I suggest that ... ;
appropriate order for a forma l letter. Each
section should usual ly have a separate
paragraph . 6 Look at the writ ing task on page 188.
D any requests for action , or further
information _..7. Using the model in Exercise 4, and the plan
D explanation/clarification of the situation in Exercise 5 to guide your plann ing and drafting,
D further supporting details write your own answer to the task.
D reason for writing
·;s Exchange your letter with a partner.
2 Read the letter on page 191 which was Evd ludte each other's work, using the checklist
written in answer to the task, and answer below.
the questions.
Have you:
Has the writer followed the order you chose7
2 Has the writer included all the information in the D included all the points necessary for the
notes? target reader to be informed?
3 What order has the writer chosen to use the D expanded the notes appropriately to achieve
information? the task?
4 Has the writer used a variety of linking words? D org anised your answers into log ical
5 How has the writer expanded the points about paragraphs7
a) the practical problems b) the su itability of the D used appropriate linking words or phrases?
fi lm7 D avoided copying long phrases or sentences
from the input texts?
6 What styl e has the writer used?
7 Does th e answer deal with all the points equally7
D written approximately the right number of
words?
If not, why not?
D used an appropriate style (in thi s case,
forma l)?
TIP! It is not necessary to includ e every point D used your grammar checklist to avoid
mentioned in th e notes as long as the task is mistakes?
achieved. You should decide wh at is important
to include and how to use it. Writing reference p.199

16
 UN.1 T

· 1 Choose the correct connector to complete 9 I really wish I would have more time to study !
the letter of comp laint. 10 She apologised for been late.
11 I am knowing she enjoys going to rock concerts.
12 I can't get used to start work early in the
(!)In the first place I At once, when I morn ing I
arrived there was no record of my 13 She managed to get to the top of the tower
reservation (2) despite I even though I had despite of her fear of heights.
phoned to confirm that very morning. 14 My teacher won't let me to get out of doing
homework.
(3) Secondly I However,the table I had 15 If I'd have known she was in town, I'd have
arranged to meet her.
asked for was already taken, and I had to sit
16 They've been living in this town si nce at least 25
at a table near the door (4) even I in spite
years.
of the fact that I specifically asked .to be 17 He's a such hard worker that he's sure to do well.
near the fire. (5) Furthermore I Since, the 18 Computer games are a lot more cheaper now
menu was restricted, and I was unable to than they used to be.
have my first choice of meal. 19 I found the fil m absolutely terrified.
20 He might decided to become a jazz musician.
(6) To sum up I Finally, when I was given
the bill the cover charge of £5 was 3 Complete these sentences us ing t he correct
excessive for what had been very poor form of the word in capita is.
treatment. The show was extremely . ............. for all the fami ly.
ENJOY
I suggest that you think about the way you 2 The company needed to .. its procedures, as
trrn t rrg1 1lnr r.11stomr.rs, (7) ns I there was no consistency in its approach.
STANDARD
consequently they mny well vote with their
3 The win ner of the lottery made a big .................... to
feet anrl go elsewhere!
charity. DONATE
4 I feel very .......... ... that I wil l do well in the next
interview. HOPE
5 Many celebrities have benefited .................... from
2, Each of these sentences has a different basic
sponsorship dea ls. FINANCE
grammatical mistake. Find the mistakes and
6 There was a very . ...... discussion about the
correct them . Then check your answers with a
issues, which led to a possible long-term solution.
partner.
PRODUCE
We go never out to the theatre any more - it's 7 The fact that he never won a gold meda l was a
too expensive. great .................... to the athlete. DISAPPOINT
2 Where are tickets? I put them in my wa llet, but 8 It's important not to show any sign of .. .
they'i·e not there novv. when taking part in competitive activities . WEAK
3 Could you tell me whether is there another 9 The idea that the company wou ld cut sa laries was
cinema in this town7 seen as .. .... by the workforce. OUTRAGE
4 The new arts centre are very nice - I rea lly like it. 10 It seems to be quite .. nowadays for TV
5 That's the boy who brother I played footba ll with presenters to receive enormous sa laries. ACCEPT
as a child. 11 Many young ch ildren fou nd the fil m .................... even
6 Th e tourist board gave us lots of informations though it was only a ca rtoon. FRIGHT
about the city. 12 She found the positive ending to the film
7 Unless you don't work harder, you'll fail your incredibly . UPLIFT
exam.
8 We considered to go to the concert, but we felt
too tired .
 Listening 1
@ 2 Listen to part of a radio programme about
spending and saving money. Answer the
questions.
1 Imagine that you won the fo ll owing amounts
of money. What wou ld you do in each case? What point does th e example of the coffee
illustrate?
€50 €500 €5,000 2 What broader point is the speaker making7
3 Who do you ag ree with, the self-help experts or
the writer?
2 Imagine that you wanted to save the same
amounts of mon ey. How would you do it? @ ·3 ·
Wh at might you save the money for? Why?
1 Now listen to a psycho logist on the
programme. She divides peo pl e who are
a fl ashy new car designer clothes
spenders into three groups:
a personal development course
the latest mp3 player your retirement 1 sleepwa lkers 2 status seekers 3 scrimpers
an exotic holiday a donation to charity
Listen and decide which type of spend er wou ld
a rainy day anything else7
make each of the comm ents (A- F).
A I cou ldn't tell you how much I spent today.
3 Discuss these questions. B I know th at jewellery keeps its val ue, but it's hard
1 Are you a spender or a saver by nature 7 to spend so much at once.
2 How easy do you find it to save money7 C Basically, I just buy whatever I want I never look at
3 What kind of th in gs are worth saving up for? the price tag.
.18
 D The re are certa in things which everybody has, so Speaking: giving opinions
you have to buy them .
E I'd hate anyone to think that I cou ldn't afford the About the exam: In Paper 5, Part 3, the
latest fash ions. interlocutor asks candidates to complete a
F I' m good at saving, but I do li ke to go on the problem solving task. This involves lookino rit
-~---occas iooa l_shopp i og_sp[ee . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _se'lernLpictures_wbich_pmvi_de_ideas_fou he task.

2 Which of the comments do you agree w ith?

Do you know any sleepwa lkers, status seekers
(ID tListen to an interlocutor setting a task, and
look at the pictures on these pages. What two
or scrimpers?
things do the candidates have to do?

@ ·4.. ,2
1 Now listen to a co ntinuation of the sa me
programme. What advice does the speaker
QID 1 Listen to two students beginning the task. Do
t hey describe the pictures? Why?/Why not?
give for people in each of the three groups in
Exercise 3? @2 Listen again, and make a note of any phrases
they use to:
2 Compare your answers. Which advice do you
th ink was the most helpful? What advice • give their own opinion
wou ld you give? • ask for their partner's opinion
• agree w ith th eir partn er
(D 5 . Look at the words and phrases in the box • disagree w ith their partn er.
th at come from the record ings. Which are
associated w ith a) saving or b) spend ing? Listen , _3.. Now work w ith a partner and comp lete the
again to check. task. Discuss each picture before reaching a
decision.
interest conspicuous consumption
go on a spree set a budget run out of cash .f Is there anything else that you think is more
a sou nd investment a nest egg a treat important than th e things in the pictures?
to economise in the red shopaholic
get through money like water on impulse
put it away for a rainy day a 'mu st-have' item
19
 UNIT 2 Spend it or save it

Exam focus 1 You are going to read t hree E!xtracts which are all concerned
in some way with mon ey. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (A,
Paper 1 Reading: multiple B, C or D) wh ich you think fits best accord ing to the text.
choice (Part 1)
EXTRACT FROM A SELF-HELP BOOK
About the exam: Paper 1 is the
part of the exam where your
reading is tested . There are
four parts to the who le test, A CASE STUDY: MELISSA
and it lasts one hour and
fifteen minutes. You must Melissa earns £27,000 per year as the PA to a Sales Director at a large
decide how long you spe nd on international company in London. She lives nearby in a flat she rents-With
each part, and you must her best friend, Sarah. The flat costs them £450 per month each. Mell.ssa
transfer all your answers to the is a likeable, bubbly person who is also known to be very good at her: job. ..
answer sheet within the t im e s Alt11ough sl1 e has a slight problem witl1 punctuali~ and is sometimes
limit. forgetful, she is generally forgiven for her shortcomings because of her
stylish dress sense and personality.
In Part 1 of the Reading paper
you wil l have to read three
short passages. The passages
will al l be on a theme, and will
inclu de different types of text.
You have to answer two
multiple-choice questions on
each text - and these will focus
on different things in the text,
for examp le; the writer's
purpose or opinion, the style of
writing, the meaning of certain
words and phrases, etc. Melissa will be the first to admit, however, that her personal life is a
complete disaster, especially on the financi.al front She absolutely loves
Suggested procedure
10 shopping and has accumulated, and used, a lot of credit c.ards. Everyone ··
1 Read the first text to get an seemed to want to lend her money and she bought a ca~. went. on
idea of what it is about and holidays, furnished her flat and shopped till she dropped -' all on
how it is organised. borrowed money. On the shopping front, she reluctantly admits that being
2 Read both of the questions, scatty and disorganised, she constantly buys things that she doesn't
highlighting key words and 1s really need and never really thinks about what she spends her money on.
phrases. She spends lots on cosmetics, shoes and clothes, but she has nothing to
3 Find the place in the text show for it because a lot of it is cheap junk. Massively in debt, Melissa
where you think the answer. avoids opening her bank or credit-card statements because the sight of
is located. them gets her down. She has no savings at all and frequently borrows
4 Read th at part of th e text 20 money from her mum that she has no hope of paying back.
very ca refu lly and choose the ,,, _............ -~~-- ... --.~
-"• ·-"' ,_~ -- ·------J>--...r--" .... . . ____,_ __ -----
correct answer.
5 Read the whole text agai n to 1 In the first paragraph, we are told that Melissa has problems
make sure your answer fits A gaining th e respect of her colleagues.
the sense of the passage.
B dealing with a fairly demanding workload.
6 Go on to the next text.
C keeping on top of some deta iled aspects of her work .
D maintaining the professional appearance demanded by her job.
TIP! Some questions give
line numbers to help you 2 In the second paragraph, we lea rn that Melissa
f ind the place - but you sti ll A makes some attempt to plan her spending.
need to read the whol e text. B is uncon cerned about her financial position.
C has been trying to economise in her shopping.
D is awa re that she may not always spend wisely.
20

-
 '. · VEN THOUGH I FOLLOW FASHION (in a far
" · from slavish way), there is no phrase that
·,,.,, makes me recoil more than 'must-have'. If I
read that X boots or the latest Y shades have been
5 decreed to be the latest 'must-haves', my immediate
reaction is mutiny. Why must I have them? Why
should I humiliate myself to go on a waiting list for
this supposedly desirable item? Most of all, why
should I fall for the designer's manipulative tactics,
Cliddng_through_a_Mag .
10 which are intended only to swell his or her bank
For me, shopping is a social thing. It means t ime to gossip,
balance at the expense of mine? Far more satisfying
drink coffee and keep up with friends and trends (and trenrls
is to pop into the clothes shops in my local mall and in friends). My consuming compatriots and I browse, select,
buy a copy of said designer's gear for a tenth of the try out for size and discuss - and only if the_ item is pe1fect
price. Waiting lists? Huh! They're for mugs. 5 do we buy. All of which is by way of expla1n1ng why I have_
never i-eally understood t he fascination with on\1ne shopping.
15 Actually, designer brands in general are for mugs. Who wants to go it alone, sipping a mug of home-made
They are for people too insecure to trust their own coffee, buying items that you have never even touched, let
taste. These people calculate that everything with a alone tried on! . . .
10 But it doesn't end there. Sitting alone, buying a nd1culously
certain label must be cool, so shopping there is a safe expensive item becomes strangely easier - you. end up doing
bet. If you shop in the mall by contrast, you have to the kind of thing you'd never do in front of a friend who has
20 use your discernment to find the one garment out of shared your fears on the state of your credit card bill. True,
U1ree lhal luuks greal. If you gu Lu a really cheap slwp, on line shopping a.voids the pain of crowds, flil.rking. and sore
the ratio is more like one in ~U. Hut boy is it worth it. 15 teet, but you rnb> uut on the atmosphere ::inrl social staee,
-~---.L"ik-e-sp-07,tt~in-g-a"li~tt.--le-g-.oln-n-ug-g-eteoi_n_a_m_u-.dd~y-r~iv-er~b-ed~,- ..---~a=na700-are~µutentifllly-at-lca~t. moce_1LuJnerable.
~~~~~~~~."'11'!~~
the find gives rise to immense satisfaction. Which is ·~--~- ~~--- -····· ... ~ ------·
25 why, according to a survey published this week, the 5 What does the writer imply by the phrase 'trends
young rich are deserting designer shops for second- in fri ends' (line 2)?
hand stores and flea-markets. They prefer to A She worries about keeping up with a changing
rummage for one-off bargains than to waste their social scene .
money in some posh department store. B She doesn't place much importance on the
opinions of others.
C She fears th at her friends may be disloyal in her
3 In this article, the writer is absence.
D She doesn't meet her fri ends unless she goes
A questioning the quality of designer clothes.
shopping.
B explaining the consequences of following
fas hion. 6 The word it in line 10 refers to the writer's
C encourag ing people to develop their own ta ste A experience of on line shopping.
in clothes. B reason for disli king online shopping.
D reporting on ways to obtain designer clothes at C wish to try things on before buyi ng them.
good prices. D need for advice when choosing things to buy
4 Wh ich phrase in th e second paragraph reinforces
th e idea that there is 'immense satisfaction' to be '2 The fo ll owing extracts come from the texts .
gained from some types of shopping / Do you agree with them? Why?/Why not?
A shopping there is a safe bet (line 18) • .. she constantly buys things that she doesn't really
B use your discernment (line 20) need.
C boy is it worth it (line 22) 5 Actually, designer brands in general are for mugs.
D rummage for one-off bargains (line 28) • For me, shopping is a social thing.
 UNIT 2 Spend it or save it

Grammar 1: defining and non- 3 In non -defining 'clauses we can use which with
other wh- words. Rewrite the sentences using which
defining relative clauses and anoth er wh- word .
·1 Example:
I went to Paris last month, and it was then that I met my
1 Which sentence in each pair be low
new boss.
contains a re lative clause that gives
I went to Paris last month, .v.v.hic..b..V.V.?.~.Y!h.~.11.. I met my
• essential information about a noun7 (defining new boss.
re lative clause)
She gave me her ema il address, and that was the way
• extra information about a noun, but could be
omitted? (non-defin ing re lative clause) we managed to contact her later.
2 I spent th e money on a new car, as I had always planned
a) People who use mobi le phones on trains to do.
really annoy me. 3 Her face was red, and that was the way we knew she
b) The man, who spoke in French, used his was upset.
mobile phone all through the journey. 4 He left at six, and that was the time she arrived .
2 a) The man gave his money to charity, which 5 The actor forgot his words, and so at that moment th ey
he preferred. brought the curtain down.
b) The man gave his money to the charity
6 I had a holiday in Spa in, and that was the place I learned
which he preferred. to swim.
3 a) My sister whose flat is in central London, is
a charity worker. ...4'
b) My sister, whose fl at is in central London,
is a charity worker. 1 Read the text quickly and find:

2 Comp lete the sentences abo ut defining a) two reasons why celebrities support charities
and non-defining relative clauses. b) how celebrity endorsement of a charity is 'mutually
beneficial' .
.................... relative clauses are sepa rated from ---- ..... ...- . ... ...... - ·-· .. - ·-···-· r--.,..-··---- .-···-.-...._
..,...~-
.,~

the rest of the sentence by commas.

2 In both defining and non-defining relative What's in a name?
clauses we use .................... for people and
.................... for things. Behind every modern-day celebrity there is a network
"3 In ................. re lative clauses the relative (1) .................... is what helps them to maintain thP.ir imrigP..This
pronouns who and which can both be network could include an agent, a manager, a personal trainer
replaced by that. and a full-time assistant, and quite often there is also a
4 .................... is a possessive relative pronoun and 'significant other' (2) ..... . ... . ... may have similar celebrity
can on ly be used before a noun. status. But equally important to celebrities nowadays is the
particular charity to (3) .................... th e celebrity chooses to give
2 Rewrite the sentences using where or financial and promotional support.
when. Then complete the ru le be low.
This is because it is involvement with charities (4) ..... .
1 The school at which I first studied Economics offers celebrities the potential for image and career
was in London. enhancement, (5) is an opportunity not to be
2 Wednesday is th e day of th e week on which I missed. Of course, their motivation is good, but it is also useful
always have a meeting. if the public thinks of a celebrity not just as a beautiful
3 It was a conference in Rome at wh ich I met person, but as someone (6) ................ is willing to share some
my future husband . of th eir good fortun·e with others.
4 Two o'clock is the time at wh ich I always
have a cup of coffee. The thin g (7) .. also makes celebrity-charity
relationships very positive is th e fact that they are mutually
With relative clauses of place and tim e, use beneficial. People attending a charity event (8) .... ... ... a
where or when instead of .. celebrity is present will remember it and may then support
th e charity themselves. A charity (9) .................... publicity
Grammar reference p.196 (13) includes pictures of a celebrity will encourage more
sponsors, many of ( 10) .. will then want to donate

22 more money to th eir cause.

 UNIT 2 Spend it or save it

Sell your stuff online -

2 Read the text again, and comp lete
the gaps using a relative pronoun . without the hassle! ·

5 It seems to be a feature of today's (0) .~hr.9..f\19..~~.Y.. society that we accumulate

1 Choose two items from the list (1) .................. that we do not really need. Impulse buys and (2) .................... gifts begin
below. Write down one examp le of to clutter up our homes, and objects that began as a source of (3) .................... turn
• a thi ng you use every day into a source of frustration . Too good to put in the bin or donate to a charity
e an object you cou ldn't live without shop, these items are, quite (4) ................... .,just in the way1
o a charity you would like to support
Online auctions, such as eBay, provide a ready-made (5) ................... But as
• a time of day you enjoy
anyone who has tried it knows, buying goods online is (6) ............. easy,
• a period of the year you li ke best.
whereas selling them can be a complex and time-consuming business. You
2 Now work wit h a partner. Define need to take digital photos of the items from a (7) .. .... of angles, write an
each word using relative clauses, but
enticing descri ption to attract (8) .................... bidders, negotiate insurance costs
do not use the word itse lf. Your
partner must guess the word. and then queue up at the post office to despatch the thing. It hardly comes as a
surprise , therefore, to learn that over 90% of auction users are buyers rather than
Example:
sellers.
It's something which I use for contacting
my friends. Enter a new breed of service provider: the online auction facil itator, who in return
for a (9) .................... of the sale price as (10) .................... will do all the work for you.
6 Discuss t hese questions.
Basically, you just take the thing you want to sell to them and they do the rest.
Do you th ink it is important to give
money to charity!
2 What types of fund-raising events do
you th ink are most successful!

Use of English: word

formation (Part 3)
·. '.f · Work with a partner. Discuss these
questions.
1 Have you ever:
a) bought anyth ing in an on line auction?
b) sold anythi ng in an on li ne auction?
2 What are the advantages and
disadvantages of buying and selli ng
things in this way?

1 Read the text. Do not worry about

the missing words for the moment.
What does t he writer say about a) 0 THROW
se ll ing and b) buying online? What 1 POSSESS 6 REMARK
so lution to possible problems does 2 WANT 7 VARY
the writer suggest? 3 PLEASE 8 POTENT
2 Read the text again. Use the word 4 FRANK 9 PERCENT
given in capitals be low the text to 5 SOLVE 10 COMMIT
form a word that fits in the
numbered gap. There is an exa mp le 3 Wou ld you ever use an on li ne auction fac ilitator?
at the beginning (0) . Why?/Vl/hy not?
23
 UN IT 2 Spend it or save 1t

Vocabulary 1: compound 4 Thi s is a completely airtight containe r, so you have

to be careful that food doesn't go dry in the air.
adjectives 5 He was a totally self-made millionaire - he started
with a loan from his parents.
1
1 Match the two parts of the compound (I) 4 . Listen to the f ive short extracts. Which
adjectives. speaker mentions:
old a) fetch ed 1 a short-term plan made7
2 self b) fash ioned 2 a last-m inute decision reached?
3 last c) headed 3 a long-standing agreement broken 7
4 far d) centred 4 a long-term strategy followed?
5 air e) term 5 a so-called expert proved wrong?
6 long/short f) produced
7 level g) made 5
8 quick h) minute 1 Many compou nd adjectives are made with
9 so i) sta nding preposit ions. Choose the best altern ative to
10 long j) tight complete t he adjectives in these sentences.
11 mass k) called
Example:
12 self I) witted
It's dangerous to drive fast in built- up I off areas of
2 Whi ch of t he co mpo un d adjecti ves yo u've cities.
created might describe a) a perso n b) a plan She was too hard down I up to buy expensive new
c) an idea d) a th ing? So me adjecti ves fit in clothes.
more t han one category.
2 After a long period of hard work and poor sleep,
I was feel ing very run- out I down and quite ill.
.:""}. i Com plete t he sente nces usin g compou nd
3 Compensation given for accident or injury is often
adjectives from Exercise 1.
just a one- off I down payment, and not an
He made a ....... ...... decision to take the job, and income.
only just notified the company in time. 4 I'm so tired - I've been working so hard I'm worn
2 The economist was a very .................... man, not off I out.
incli ned to get over-excited by unexpected 5 Many older people who take care of their money
developments. are well- up I off when they retire.
3 It was a very idea - comp letely impractical 6 People who work too hard often get burnt down I
and unworkable! out when they are young.
4 Maria was a very .. .. person who never 7 I get so fed off I up when pol iticians ta lk too
thought about how other people might feel. much!

;·-r Work with a partner. Underline the fu ll 2 Choose two sentences that you agree with,
and te ll a partner why you agree with them.
col location (compound adjective and noun) and
explain why the last part of the sentence is
wrong . Suggest a correct version.
Listening 2: multiple choice
TIP! A com pound adjective may or may not be (Part 3)
hyphenated, so look careful ly at all groups of
words. (· ·1 Discuss these questions.
- - - -·- - - ·
When you buy consumer goods such as electrical
I have a long-sta nding agreement with Anna to goods and clothes, do you:
buy th e flat - we decided yesterday. a) look for the best value7
2 I bought a mass-produced car - I'm very pleased b) look for the best qua lity?
with it, beca use it's completely unique. c) look to see what other people are buying 7
3 She's a very quick-witted person - it takes her ages 2 How do you get information about:
to think of a reply. a) how good products are?
b) wheth er products are good valu e or not7
24
 UNIT 2 Spend rt or save it

CJ 2 You wi ll hea r part of a radio programme in

wh ich a socio logist, Gra ham Styl es, and a
journali st, Sa lly Greengrass, are discussing the
effects of co nsumerism in society. Choose t he
answer (A, B, C or D) whi ch fits best according to
what you hear.
In relation to the research he describes, Graham
feels
A ur1'.>ure what conclusions to draw from it. :;
....
B disappointed at how ungrateful people seemed ;, '
f; .
to be. "
/ ,

C concerned about how people interpreted th e

questions.
D unconvinced that increased income leads to
contentment.
2 Graham gives the example of a fridge to show
how
A consumer goods have gone up in price.
B people have unreal expectations of consumer
goods.
C people are influenced by the conspicuous
consumption of others.
D consumer goods that were once luxuries have
now become essentials.
3 Sa lly fee ls that the desire to own luxu ry goods is
...0 A not necessarily related to status .
I

\·
B not as unusual as Graham thinks it is.
C not actually related to personal happiness.
D not growing as much as Graham suggests.
I
4 Acco rdin g to Graham, what is the main.problem
that consumerism brings? l
lI
A people becoming more selfish
B natural resources being wasted
C environme ntal problems getting worse
D people getting into finan cial difficulties
5 What point does Sally make about the production
of luxury goods7
A It is good for the economy. . 3 Discuss these questions.
B It has seen a decline in quality. 1 To what extent do you desire luxury goods?
C It has changed a lot since the 1950s . 2 When you buy consumer goods, are you influenced
D It is not doing as well as it once was . by a) the media b) celebrities7
3 Who do you think is right, Graham or Sa lly7
6 Graham feels that fami ly life is suffering as a
result of 4 Imag in e that you are looking for a present
A the demands of employers. for a friend in your town. Discuss a) what to buy
B the effects of the media. and b) where to buy it. Then t hin k about why
C the attitude of children. yo u made t hese cho ices. Wh at actually influ enced
D the cost of basic items. you most?

25
 UN IT 2 Spend it or save it

Vocabulary 2: advertising 2 Read th e text aga in, and decide wh ich verb from
the box best fits each gap. Th ere are two verbs
and marketing you wil l not need to use, and you may need to
change th e form of the verb to fit the gap.
1
1 Think of an advertisement on television run adopt grab create drive
you think is particularly successfu l. Which finish ca use bring
of the following techniques does it use?
Why do you think it is successful? Describe
3 Many co llocations are strong, i.e. the words are
it to your partner. Do you like it?
usually fo und together, although they are not
Why?/Why not? fixed phrases, e. g. involve someone (in something).
Make a note of four strong verb/noun co ll ocations
memorable ji ng les a continuing story
from the text above.
celebrities or famous people humour
moral judgements or standpoints cartoons ·; ~
beautiful scenery unusual events
1 Do you notice ad vert iseme nts? Make a list of
where you ca n see t hem . Then read the text and
2 What techniques used in advertisements compare your id eas.
annoy you? Why?
3 How do you think an advertisement on the
printed page works? What makes it Ads are everywhere!
different from one on television? Overt commercial advertising is found everywhere, and includes
hoardings in the streets as well as ads taking up whole pages in
~-; newspapers and magazines. Targeted advertising uses printed
flyers which are put through people's doors and (1) jJOjJ- /hold-/
1 Read the title and text below. Why does
get-ups on websites that people visit on the net. Television
the writer suggest starting and finishing
commercials are generally thought to be the most effective format
the advertisement with a clear mental for (2) huge- I great- I mass-market advertising, and companies
image? pay extremely high prices to advertise in commercial airtime
during popular events such as (3) tojJ- I high- I long-profile
football games or (4) highly I greatly I importantly regarded soap
operas. However, there is another form of advertising which is
more covert, the (5) so-named I -called I -considered 'product
My advice to potential ad writers is this: placement'. In this form of advertising, which is found in films
(1) .................... the following approach that I have and on television, a character uses a product on screen with a
always found very effective. Memorable ads (6) clearly identifiable I known I familiar brand name. Viewers
always begin with good opening lines that may not think they notice the name, but the effect can be
subliminal. Controversially, viltual billboards may also be inserted
involve the reader immediately. They
into (7) actual I authentic I real-life settings where none exists.
(2) ............... a powerful initial mental image, and ·~-r-·- J'·· "'
·, - .. _ " ,.._..,.,••.~ __,.....,,..1-••-..;...,ii!~ .
.

don't leave readers in any doubt about what they

2 Read the text aga in, and choose t he correct
are reading. OK, these ads are not great
alternative to comp lete each compound word.
literature, because their purpose is to Whi ch on e is a compound noun?
(3) .................. the reader's attention immediately.
I use verbs, because they (4) ................ vivid and "4 Discuss the quest ions.
vibrant images to mind, but I avoid adjectives, as Would you buy something because it was well -
these remind people of poetry. An effective ad advertised7 Why7/Why not7
malces a full circle, and (5) . . .. . .... with a mental 2 Do you th ink th ere is too much advertising nowadays?
image that is jusl as effective as the first one. This Why7/Why not7
last image reinforces the first, and so (6) ... 3 Do you think th at advertising gives th e consumer more
or less choice7 Why7/Why not7
the advertising message deep into people's
4 Think of your least favourite advertisement. Why do
memory which makes it an effective selling tool. you dislike it? Do the rest of the class ag ree7
26
 UNIT 2 Spend it or save it

Grammar 2: articles • when only one t:hing or person exists (6)

• in general isations with singular countable nouns.
1 How many brand names can you th in k of (7)
for the fo ll owing? We use no article (zero article)
• in general isations with plural and uncountable
coffee jeans hamburgers computers
nouns when we mean 'all' (8) ................... .
shoes bicycles orange juice
• when we are referring to th e genera l use of an
institution rath er than a particular place. (9) ..
2 Read the text. What is the writer's overa ll
purpose? !':.- Grammar reference p.193 (1)
a) to introduce the concept of branding
b) to criti cise the spread of branding 4
1 Choose the correct article in the text below
(8 =zero article) .
The power of the brand name ~P._r_o_m_o_t-i-
n g~b-ra_n_d~n-am~e-s~~~~~(
What is a brand? It's something that is special in some
way, something that you can distineuish from other 1
What is it that makes the promotion of
products of a similar nature, and it usually has a (1) a I 8 brand name successful? Advertisements
1 for (2) an / 8 insurance. for example. play on
restaurants or a pair of jeans. The brand name, and the our need to feel safe; those for ciothes may
design or packaging, will have been carefully chosen to I appea l to our need to belong to (3) a I 8 group l
'
)

reflect the special features of the product. or to have (4) the I a desirable lifestyle. Many /
I

By the time you arrive at ·school or work in the brands appeal to what we would like to be
morning, you will already have been exposed to a huge rather than what we actually are. Modern
number of brands anrl hr;mrl namP.s. And this isn't just adverti sinq paints the picture of an ideal life -
a local phenomenon. Indeed, if you visited any rriaJor and yet (5) a I the world it portrays still fee ls
city in the world, you would be surprised at how many fa miliar. Indeed, the more often our self-image
familiar brands you'd see. In such situations, branding matches that promoted by (6) a / 8 brand, the
can provide a sense of security. Yet brand names also stronger and more successful (7) the 18 brand
have a huge financial impact on the consumer, who may image bernmes.
think that satisfaction can only be obtained by paying
extra for a well-known name.
.....,......_.,,....,.. ____ __
I
..,.._....,,e.-~----...,._.,.~··-"-,.--· ·""'··-"' · · -,--<!'·~~--· .. I 2 There is a mistake with the article in each
I Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2001 I high li ghted word or expression in the
fo ll owing text. Co rrect the mistakes.
3 Look at the ru les be low for the use of
articles. Fi ll in each gap with an examp le taken
from the highlighted expressions in the text. A SUCCESSFUL ADVERTiS.EMENT
" ··..,.,A .

We use the indefinite article (a/an) for singular It is quite difficult tci work out whether (1 l advertise;neot has
countable nouns
been successful. If someone buys (2) car from a particular
• when we mention something for the first time company, you can't be sure whether it was (3) a company's
(1) ................. advertisement, .the price or (4) a poor quality of the cars on sale
• when it doesn't matter which particular person or
elsewhere that was (5) determining factor. So how does any
thing we are referrin g to. (2)
advert isement succeed in mak ing (6) th·e p'eople buy one product
We use the definite article (the) for singular and rather than an other? There is one clear message - it must
plural countable nouns, and with uncountable nouns
generate (7 l the strong response from consumers because,
• when something has already been mentioned surprisingly, it is almost impossible to get people to .change their
(3)
attitude towards (8) prnduct that they feel ini:!ifferent about.
• when we already know from the context wh ich
person or object is being referred to (4) .....
• when the following clause makes it clea r what 3 Did anything surprise you about the
person or thing is being referred to (5) ...... . information in these two texts?
27
 Ui\' IT 2 Spend it or save 1t Dear Pedro,
. ? I t.houo hl it wou ld be a good idea lo
How are ~ou doing . " t.I
c.akh up on an~ news ' and something happened lo me rec.en ~
t.hat. I'd li ke lo l ei\ ~ou about..
L . t. sell m~ old digit.al c.amera on t.he Internet,
Writing: informal letter 1 was pop1ng o
Ld
d" t. 1 t.L first.
b t. it. was a bit. of a isas er. n ,,e
and I r1a a go , u 1 t. ·t.
(Pa rt 2) lac.e 1 hadn't. realised t.hat. I'd have lo pa~ t.he nlerne . St e
~ t.h~t. was a definite downside! 1 wrote a real\~ persuasive ad
Abo ut the exam: In Paper 2, Part 2, you . Id
but. it. was impossible t. o inc. u e a P o o"
h t. oraph of t.he c.amera ,
.
may have to write a letter, an arti cle, a L. L L TLe advert. was on t.he site for five da~s,
wptC.P was a spame. P d
proposal, a competiti on entry, a report, and al fir st. there were no bids but. t.hen on t.he last. a~
a revi ew, an in formation sheet, an essay L f "1vel 1 t.houohl 1 was home and dr~ , but. t.he
t. 11ere were · " d W" t.h
or a contribution to a lon ger piece of bu~er real\~ \el me down bec.ause his c.heque bo~nc.e . . I t.h
writing (e.g. a book). You should take L· d . Lt. 1 was naive - but. now I've lost. c.onf1dence tn e
111n s 1gr1 , L I
carefu l note of what kind of text you whole t.hing. At. least. 1 didn't. send him tpe camera.
have to write . You w ill be given
. d lo t.Le website but. what. t.he~ said was t.hat.
guidance on what to write about in the comp Ia1ne r1 ' II lo
task itse lf. t.he~ couldn 't. control bidders , and it. was up lo. t.he se er~
L t.L · b ks TLe,, weren 't. ver~ s~mpalhelic real\~. 0
wat. c11 petr ac . fl " .

::· 1. I'm f ed up because 1 was looking forward lo up~at.'.ng ~~

t.he mane\• - and it. is st.ill s1H1ng tn t.he
c.amer a once I got. " I
1 Read the following writing task, and c.u board! I'm al a loss lo know what. lo do now un ess ~ou
underline the four things that you p .,,Lo wants one! It.'s st.i ll in preH~ good
k now an~one ~ 11 f
have to do in your letter. ·t.· d I'~ sure t.hat. it. would be a good bu~ or
d
con 1 ton, an •" 1 t.00 k h
someone. You rem e , "
~ber t.hat. it. was t.he camera w en
we went on hoIida~ together last. ~ear .
You recently tried to se ll an old
. t.he net. ( Drop me a
camera on an Internet auction site, Have ~ou ever tried lo se II an~t.h ing on
but had some problems. You want to line and lei\ me if ~ou've got. an~ lips!
share your experiences with a friend. Regards lo Helen and hope lo see ~ou soon.
Write a letter to your friend,
explaining what happened, wh at you All t.he best.
did about it, how it affected you and
advising your friend about using
auction sites in the future.

Write your letter in 220-260 words. 2 Underline informal expressions that mean the same as:
tried (pJrJ 2) 4 successful (para 2)
2 very unsuccessful (para 2) 5 take ca re (para 3)
2 Work with a partner, and discuss 3 a disadvantage (para 2) 6 unsure what to do (para 3)
these questions.
What sort of problems might have TIP! Remember to add any useful expressions to your
occurred7 vocabulary lists and includ e information about register.
2 What possible courses of action cou ld
you have taken?
3 How do you think you might fee l in a
.3
situation like this? 1 Th e writer has written too many words, but has
4 What advice would you give your friend7 omitted part of the task. Rewrite the last two
paragraphs so that any unnecessary information is left
.:2 out and the missing information is included .
1 Read the following letter, wh ich was 2 Exchange your rewritten paragraphs w ith a partner. Did
written in answer to th e task. Answer you have the same ideas?
the questions.
Has the writer included ideas similar to ·4 Write an answer to the task on page 191. Make sure
yours? that you use an info rmal register and include all the
2 Has the writer included all th e necessary information.
information necessary for th e task7
, Writing reference p.202

28
 lJ J.~ l T

·1 Read the text below. Use the words given in cap itals at t he end of some
of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an
exa mp le at the beginning (0) .

Dirty money
Sooner or later it's something that everyone does; you put your jeans
into the washing machine, having completely (0) f9.m9.H?.IJ. about the FORGET
money in the pocket. Coins, on the whole, s~rvive the experience
relatively (1) ........... ,but the same is not true of banknotes. HARM
These have a (2) ........... to disintegrate as a result of prolonged TEND
(3) ........... to the forces of heat, water and detergent. If you live EXPOSE
in Britain, however, all may not be lost. It is possible to send
damaged banknotes, (4) ........... for use as payment in shops and ACCEPT
other retail (5) ........... , to the Bank of England's 'Mutilated Notes LET
Section ' (BEMS) in Leeds . Here experts will give the note a
thorough (6) ........... and, if they are convinced that it is indeed the EXAMINE
remai ns of a valid banknote, they will send you a (7) ........... - or REPLACE
M least a cheque of the equivalent value.
And it's not only washing machines that destroy notes. According
to BEMS staff, who receive up to 500 (8) ........... per week, toddlers APPLY
and puppy dogs also figure high on the list of offenders, as do people
who hide their savings in rather (9) ........... places, such as microwave FORTUNE
ovens or damp cellars. Sometimes, even banks make use of the service,
as happened during last year's spring floods when a number of branches
found that their burglar-proof and fireproof safes sadly were not
(10) ........... waterproof. EQUAL

~2 Complete the second sentence so that it · 3 Choose the correct article or cross out both if
has a sim ilar meani ng to the first sentence, t here should be no article.
using the word given. Do not change the Self-belief and strong nerves are essential if you're going
word given. You must write between three to make your mark as (1) a I the salesperson. Take 21-
and six words, including the word given. year-old Leonora Pearl for example. She's (2) a I the sales
Tom's house is th e one with the blue door. consultant for (3) a I the Cabouchon Collection of
WHICH (4) a I the jewellery. She works from (5) a I the home or
Tom lives ....................... .. ...... a blue door. wherever she happens to be. Not only is Leonora skilled at
selling jewellery, she is also good at selling (6) a I the job .
2 Life without music would be very difficu lt for
She says she fell in love with (7) a I the company's range
me. LIVE
of products as soon as she saw it, and signed up to be
I would fi nd .................... .. .... .. ... music.
(8) a I the sales consultant 'within five minutes' . Leonora
3 Lidia is a supporter of several wildlife charities. finds (9) a I the pric;es 'fantastica lly reasonable' and
NUMBER (1 O) a I the ava ilability of stock 'absolutely fabu lous'.
Lidia gives ..... .... .............. .. .. .. .. wildlife She is, in (11) a I the other words, a walking, talking
ch arities. advertisement for (12) a I the products. 'In many ways,
4 Spring is my favourite time of th e year. BEST I'm never really off (13) a I the duty,' she says. 'When I go
The time of year ... ............. .. ..... ...... . spring. out, I always take (14) a I the duplicate set of whatever
jewellery I'm wearing, so that if anyone expresses interest
in, say, my necklace, I can sell it to them on (15) a I the
spot.'
.· :Our PE>-R0M for,;interaet~ · .. )!:aro · pracft~~;' ·:• 29
 UN IT

3 What makes us tick

Vocabulary: adjectives of
character
·. 1. · A television company is
planning another 'Big Brother'
reality show in which a group of
peop le who are strangers to each
oth er are locked into a house for a
given period of time. Cameras
record how t hey react to each other,
and viewers vote for who they w ant
to stay in th e house. The perso n · .•Name: :~ri5 • Descri~e yourself ~elo.w:
who stays th e longest wins a money
· '/.'m extre!nellf· ambdioU5:~ If doe5n .!f · ·
pri ze .
' ma.tier wha.f otl:ier5 think 0 . me a.nd I /I ·
1

What do you think the producers do afii/thinj to 3ef . oh in /;ft?:· 8einjj in

look for when choosing peopl e to · the hou5e' ·will 'JjNe · ine ·a. ·hi:Jh proflie
1
go into t he house? Why? a.nd 3et ·me .where I v.jflnf to l:ie: /' 11
• stron g, co nflicting personalities ma.ke· 5U~e- the ofher5 don't 'ta.ke .
• strange appea rance
'adv'am;age wh~n . ·I 'm not loo'ki113, ·fhtxJ3h, ·
' .. .. \ .... . . .. " . '

~L~:· Da;i~ ., :,• ~,· '. ~~scribe b~;~w:

• interesting hobbies
• varied background or experience yourself ·· ·
• sense of humour
I'm p,r:ettyqui~: r~a/Jy~and ii''rm .honest, ..
~en~it;ive. I'm a, bi~ se/f-consoious, and .iyhat·/,
need.if3 something different to take me ~ut ;f ·
Read the profi les or huµdul · mystilf, 'though (doii't reaily mind. 'B¢:ing in. the ·-.
co ntestants, and underline the :.~~qse, .woulq be good for 'me and m~lfe 'me.more .
adjectives t hey use to describe confid.ent. · ·
themse lves.
.·\ ..
., ...
N~me: Ell~ . .'
• <. ~
• • • •
Describe yourself below:·
•

2 Which of t he adjectives you

underlined do you think best
. ·' <!'~·~ ~ri~l>6 . ~,,.a ·:. 1 ~Mt to l,le. .~~rt ot
sums up each person? Do you
'..:' ; ~11. e.xl'~hMe,i\±;" I\"· i11.de.(>'e.11.de.ll.t . Md I
th in k it is posit ive, negati ve or
: ,. li~e. ~· thir\k '~f'o:· My5'ilt ~ I'll . try
either?
_i11.ythit-1 ~11.cl!.. ·. 1\.." ljlAite. _'til.citiAr11.
· ;tholA1h, Md : I'~ htA.ppy .with My . ow11. .
Example: · C9Mpii;._y . .-1dq11. 't ~~Ve. ·· to j~il\ ill. . .
Alain: idealistic - could be positive as · ~veriythi.\1 1oir,-.1 011. it I do11. 't w~;..t to,
long as it's not taken too far '. tholA1h I like. .'.to w~tch.

.,
Name:
l
IFrA.ITL •
. .
. Describe: yo~rself
. . .
below:
' .

;..: I,,., frvs+.vorfliy """ ~ppor+lve. "I, I',,.,

e;<c.e//et,f +~6/e-s.Jioo+er so :t -~IJ s+op
-..?'~~s, ,.., fk ·-~°"'Se. - I, /o~e. ~nk.il>J
w(+Ji o+.J:e.Nj · """ :I"" +,of'llly 'r.eli"61e. :t
."°".'+
'like Jpl<.es mvc.J., s0 z'1i l<.'!-ep if
~10Js - l.vf . +~+ tloe.s1J'+ ~.., +M..+ I'm
fJOf svppoHive ..
 C!\'!T 3 What makes us tick

Watch Out! sensitive/sensible;

sympathise!empathise
Choose the correct alternative.
a) It's sensible I sensitive to keep a note of your
passport number when you trave l.
Describe yourself below: b) She is rather sensible I sensitive and is easily
Name: &ir-10. . upset if people criticise her.
., \a.VIM a~d hign-spicrte.d tnoog'n ..
1 rn Pl~n(_) ~"VI Im • ond'1:0C-lpl1
: \·ne.d I can be. 2 a) She's wil ling to listen to people's problems
. • . . .•
-te.a.Cr ic:- S """" _J . , .. ·- and to empathise I sympathise with them when
.. _ 1 dO\'\ f soffe.c fools glad\<j
· paiie.nt · . . . they are upset
tm . I Scine.iirne.s: 1 l'.l\
a!ld so 1 anno'j pe.op e. · rn self and b) It's easy to empathise I sympathise with
e.x-tcove.c-t. I .wan-t .-to e.n)O<j 'j someone who has been through the same
1 'ci bn0g fo0 -to the noose.. experi ence as you.

Name: I-la.raid __ Oes:ribe. ~ourself ~elow: 3

I'm a. ·hlt. ql1Lck.-bi~red, a.r..d ql1Lt.e· 1 Highlight the reason each person gives for
a.sSeri:..i.ve - ~ . t.oo much ( .I ~ wha.t. I wanting to be in the house. Do you t hink that
t.hi.nll a.r1d Pe!JPk .~ t.hi.n!? I'm Self- their reasons are sensible or va li d?
opi.ni.~ted but. wh_:i should J let. pedple 3et. '1 r.~~:..J~ ~~ +: .. ~ ~~~~ t ~ ••• !...~ ... ~ .. l ..J ~~ I -~ ... i...
~
L..l\... \.IU\... VI I I IV\.: tJ\...VtJI C VV I IV VVUU I U lll OJ'\.C ll IC:
a.~ wi.l:.h: ·t.hi.'ntJs doo 't. li.k~ ?. I know . Ii 'm .
'-
J
most interesting programme for viewers, and
ri.3ht., . a.nd pe~e wi.11 Cl(Jree when I'm i.n' t.he ·
why. Compare your id eas with the rest of the
hOUSe br~"tJ~'..'8 _.~ve~°':': i._.,", li.ne. •
class. Do you all agree?

Grammar 1: modal verbs 1

1 .: Match the sentences to the ideas they
express.
You mustn't tell anyone about it, not even your
best friend.
2 I must phone Julie to tel l her where to meet us.
3 I might be able to go out tonight but I'm not sure.
4 I think you should tell Josh exactly how you fee l.
5 We don't have to go everywhere together, you
know.
· :l'11t. pre.tt~ .-.ioriltt,(l.£1 re."1.li}I-. i tlil>i1tl< · · .. 6 My mobile's not in my bag - it must be somewhere
positive.flt t.\1\0 :r '11t. soc.it.\bre.1 --nof. at home.
c.o1t.fro1lf"1.tlo1\t.\£- :r'o rl)Jlil>e.r!>- re.e. with . 7 Can I bring a friend with me to the party7
0
pe.opie.. :r fij(e. e.ve.~o;tte. to oe.f .01\ .. :r ht.\te. . . 8 You can always tell what Tessa is thinking from her
pe.opie. vM.o fr"1.11t.pge. ove.r ofke.r~. :l w"1.--nt to be. expression.
i'ft ~ke. ho-use. be.c.M<se. .:r iove. t11-e.e.ti11' "pe.opte . a) possibility e) prohibition
::r: Ct.\1\ e.11t.p"1.tkise. with, t.\1\0 c.~tti1\o to
0 . b) logica l deduction f) advice
tke.11t.. c) obligation/necessity g) permission
d) lack of obligation/necessity h) abi lity
Name: Brd:.n.
"'
- D 'b
escn e yourself below:

I 'rY\ <;:o.ri.."8' ernpo.!:.he.!:.i..c:, Si..l\c:ere o.nd , Grammar reference p.196 (1 O)

wo.rrn-he.o.r!:.ed . . I Kl\Ol.....l I CO.I\ be
Sel\!:.i..rnel\!:.o.I o.nd I !:.r~ !:.o pleo.Se o!:.he.rs
!:.oo much, bJ:. !:.ho.!:. . meo.l\S I'd be. @ble,
!:.o rno.k.e !:.he. o!:.he.rs feel o.!:. home. I 'II
orso.l\i..Se so.mes O.nd !:.hi..nss li..k.e !:.ho.!:. -
3e!:. ever~Ol\e. i..l\volved.
CNIT J What makes us tick

2 Comp lete the second sentence so that it 3

has a simil ar meaning to the f irst se ntence,
Comp lete the advice below, using moda l verbs
using the word given. Do not change the word
from the boxes for each section . Th ere are two
given . You must use between three and six
verbs you do not need to use each time.
words, including t he word given.
2 Think of some more ad vi ce on how to be a good
It would be great if taking exams were voluntary
fr iend, using the modal verbs from the boxes.
for students. HAVE
It would be great if students .. 3 Tell a partner about a t ime wh en you
exa ms. • ought to have asked for help, but didn't
2 It's possible that thi s book might help you in your • could have helped a friend, but didn't.
research. HELPFUL
You . .... ............... ............ ..................... for your research. How to be a good friend
3 He'll probably be very successful. CHANCES Be aware
Th e ............. ......................... ....... be very successful.
4 Joe promised to ca ll ton ight, so I'm sure that's couldn't can might ought to shouldn't
him on the phone now. MUST
Joe promised to cal l tonight, so The problem is that as we get older we fee l we
.. . on the phone now. (1) ................... be able to sort out our own problems, and
5 Working on the shop floor is a compulsory part we keep these to ourselves, rather than talkin g about
of the training for everyon e. HAS them. So if one of your fri ends suddenly becomes more
withdrawn than usual, it (2) .................... mean that they
Everyone .. ..... on the shop floor
have a problem, but don't fee l they (3) ..... ....... .. tell you
as part of their tra ining.
about it.
Listen

could mustn't have to can't couldn't

If your friend wants to tell you about their problem, you

(4) ............. ...... listen! In most cases, you (5) ..... .... actua lly
do anyth ing about it, but allowing them to talk about
their feelings (6) .................... help th em to work it through.
Wait for the right time

shouldn't couldn 't must may can't

You (7) .................... be able to get practica l information that

can help your friend . You probably think you
(8) ........... . ..... tell them straightaway - but there's a ri ght
time for everything. So you (9) ......... ....... force the
information on them; instead, wait until they actually
ask for it.
Don't bring it back to you

mustn't can 't can might don 't have to

You (1O) ......... .. talk about your own experiences to

show you understa nd your friend's problems. If your
fri end doesn't ask if anythin g similar has happened to
you, you (11) ......... ...... go on about your own problems,
past or present. Remember, the most important th ing
you (12) ................ . do for your friend is just be there for
them.

•
 UNIT 3 What makes us ti ck

Exam focus Suggested procedure

1 Listen to the instructions and fo ll ow the
Paper 4 Listening: multiple
wording on the page.
matching (Part 4) 2 Read both sets of opt ions in the pause before
the listening is played .
About the exam: In Paper 4, Part 4, you will hear
3 Underline the most important word in each
five short extracts on the same theme . In each
option .
extract you hear one person speaking. You have
to do two tasks as you listen, and these will focus 4 As you listen for the f irst time, focus mainly on
task one. Write in t he letters of any answers
on differenl Lh ings in lhe lex'ls, rur examp le, the
speaker's reason for do in g someth ing and their you are sure of.
fee lin gs. 5 As you li sten the second t im e, focus mainly on
task two.
6 Don't leave any questions unanswered. If
TIP! Remember that there are two answers for
you're not sure, gues~. Although you may be
each speaker - one in task one and another in
urisure, you have probab ly understood more
task two. You hear all five speakers once, then
than you th ink, so your guess may be right.
lth e seq uence is repeated.

CJ 1. · .~ou_ will he.ar fi~e short extracts in ~hi e~ p~op l ~ who h av~ chan_g_ed th.~i'. n a m ~s ta lk ab.?ut why they
did m is. Kememoer mat you must comp 1ete oorn tasKs as you 11sten. mu w 111 near rne recoraing twice.

TASK ONE TASK TWO

For questions 1- 5, choose from the list A-H each person's Fo1· questions 6- 10, choose from the list A-H where
reason for disliki ng their original name. each person got the idea for their new name.
A People cou ldn't remember it. A a friend's suggestion
B It fe lt rather old-fashioned. Speaker 1 [JI] B online rese.arch Speaker 1 cm
C Someone couldn't pronounce it. Speaker 2 [ ] ] ] c a fictiona l character Speaker 2 Dil
D It had n't been carefully chosen. Speaker 3 CJ]] D a fa mily joke Speaker 3 cm
E It didn't sound right for my career. Speaker 4 [JI] E an overheard conversation Speaker 4 CT[]
F People used to laugh at it. Speaker 5 [J1J F a magazine article Speaker 5 D1Q]
G It made me sound too serious. G a television programme
H It wasn't individual enough. H a co lleague's mistake

2 . Match each phrase from t he extracts to t he closest mea ning. ~;~ Discuss these questions.
Do you like your name?
to laugh it off (1) to stand out in a crowd (1) rea lly fed up (2) Why7NVhy not7
I happened to (2) to get his tong ue ro und (3) to split up (3) 2 If you cou ld change all or part
made redundant (4) did the trick (4) a snap decision (5) of your name, what would you
to tease (5) choose7 Why?
3 What disadvantages might
end a re lationship achieved its aim be distinctive make fun of there be to chang ing your
not take too seri ously pronou nce happened qu ickly lost a job name?
very unhappy by chance
 UNIT 3 What makes us tick

Grammar 2: gerunds and

infinitives REVENGE ·,
' What would you do in these situations? I
A Your neighbour plays 60s rock music very loud
every evening.
Why do some people take revenge on others? Why aren't
we (1) able .. ....... (sort) out our problems without
!!
a) ring them up to complain (2) seeking ................... (get) even with those who have hurt us? I.
I
b) go round and try to work out a compromise
c) play heavy metal music even louder in the middle Well, apparently we are simply experiencing a deeply rooted l
I .
part of human nature. Our desire for revenge comes from i
of the night
the brain's limbic system, the most primitive part of the
B A classmate tells the teacher that you copied your
last assignment off the Internet.
a) tell the teacher about someth ing that your
brain and one that we share with all animals. So when
someone confronts us, we often (3) prefer .................... (attack)
verbally or physically rather than (4) try .. ............. (work out)
II
classmate has done wrong a solution together.
b) resolve never to speak to your classmate aga in
However, unlike animals, we also possess a highly evolved
r
c) decide not to cheat again
cerebral cortex which (5) allows us .................... (plan) and I
analyse - a nd this can make revenge more than just an I
·~ 2. instinctive reaction. A person who feels they have been
wronged may even (6) enjoy ..... (plan) a creative and
1 Read the text opposite and decide which
appropriate act of revenge.
statement best sums up the main point.
People who take revenge on others are
a) acting natu rally.
b) behaving badly.
c) rarely justified.
When th ey consider they have been wronged in some way,
practically anyone may (7) attempt ............. ...... (get) revenge,
although it appears that older people are more (8) prepared
...... (forgive) and forget than the young and (9) prefer
I
}
(settle) their personal problems through
2 Read the text again and complete it using negotiation rather than through confrontation. j '
the gerund or infinitive form of the verbs in
brackets (in one case it could be either). Some people suggest that taking revenge can be seen as a I
positive move, allowing you to work though your negative
3 Find a verb in the text which has the pattern emotions. Howeve r, it can also be dangerous, and you may
verb + object+ infinitive. Which of the other (10) risk ................... (find) yourself in a situation which rapidly
numbered verbs could be followed by an gets out of hand.
object in this way?

TIP! Note down verbs that are fo llowed by • Who remembered someth ing they had to do?
the gerund or infinitive in your grammar • Who simply remembered that they had done
checklist, together with examp les. something?
2 a) Carlos tri ed sending an email to Alina to explain
his feelings, but she didn't respond.
3
b) Jose tried to send an email to explain his
1 Sometimes a verb may be followed by either fee lings, but the network was down.
the gerund or the infinitive, but the meaning
• Who couldn't send an ema il ?
changes. The meaning may also change when
• Who sent one, but did not get a good resu lt?
the tense changes.
3 a) Andrew would like to finish it.
Look at the pairs of sentences and answer th e b) Jane would li ke to have finished it.
questions.
• Who can still finish it?
a) John remembered to tell her about the change
of arrangement. 4 a) Jack mea nt to do the job on Saturday.
b) Peter remembered telling her about the change b) Jon mea nt to have done the job by Saturday.
of arrangement. • Who intended to do the job at th e weekend?
• Who wanted it done before the weekend?
36
 UN IT J What makes us tick

2 One group of words co nn ect ed w ith· Speaking: languag e of possibilit y

observation (notice, see, observe, sense, fee l,
hear, etc.) can be fo ll owed by either a ge rund
and speculation
or th e bare infinitive.
F 1': Work with a partner. Look at the three
I .- Look at thi s pa ir of sentences and answer th e photographs below. Discuss what you think the
question. re lationship between the people in each
a) I saw Sa ra reading a book during th e lesson. photograph might be.
b) I saw Susan read a book during the lesson.
colleagues strangers good friends
• Who finish ed the book7 acquaintances siblings fami ly
boyfriend/girlfriend
:; Grammar reference p.197 (15)

4 Complete the sentences in a way that is true How long do you think they've kn own each other7
for you. Use a verb in th e gerund or infinitive 2 How well do you think they get on with each
form. Then compare your sentences with a other?
partn er, and explain your answers. 3 Why do you thin k this7 Explain your reasons to
1 When I was young I generally wasn't allowed your partner.
2 On Saturday afternoons I generally like ...
~; i Listen to some students discussing their
3 I generally avoid ...
ideas. Did they have the same ideas as you?
4 i reaiiy regret .
5 In the future I hope . @ · 3,. Listen aga in and comp lete the se ntences
6 If someone wants to stop smoking, I suggest ... with exp ressions from th e reco rding .
7 I remember ... last week.
Well, ....................................... the young couple are probably
8 I noticed ...
quite close.
2 My .................................... that it's a long-term relci liur1 :,l1i p.
3 I ............. .. ... that they know one another very
we ll.
4 On . .. ....................... they seem to be closer than that.
5 I .. ........ if they were in a relationship
outside th e office.
6 I .. ........... that she is a friend of the fam ily.

·A· Work with a partner. Look at the

photographs on page 178. Take turns to co mpare
two of th e pictures, and say what you think the
relationship betwee n the peopl e might be, and
how good the relationship seems to be.

37
VN IT J Wha t makes us trek

Use of English:
multiple-choi ce
cloze (Part 1) The truth behind a smile
1 People smile a (0) . /?. . deal, and we seem to know instinctively
1 What do you notice first that some smiles are more genuine than others. But is there
when you meet someone any scientific (1) .... ............... for this? Recent research suggests
for the first time? that a mechanism in the brain can help us (2) . ... .
• hair
whether a smile is really heartfelt - or whether it is .just
• sm ile
being (3) .................... on for show.
• v01ce
(4) . .................. to various long-held traditions, a genuine smile
• personality
involves the eyes as well as the mouth. In the nineteenth .
• clothes
century, a French anatomist (5) .................... to prove this. He used
• something else.
electrodes to stimulate the facial muscles of volunteers,
2 How do you think (6) .................... creating false smiles. He found that real smiles
someone can make a were always (7) . .................. with the contraction of a muscle
good impression around the eye, but that his artificially induced ones were not.
• on you?
• on your parents? During more recent research, volunteers were shown a variety
of human facial (8) ........... . ....... and their reactions to these were
.. 2. monitored. When they were shown a happy face, 35% of the
1 Read the title of the text.
volunteers immediately started looking at the eye area,
What do you think it will checking for tell-tale crinkles that would (9) ... ................. that the
be about? smile was genuine: but when shown a sad or neutral face, they
did not So why did the human brairi evolve .to·(10) . ..................
2 Read the text quickly to between real and false smiles? It could be that this ability to
check.
(11) ............. ...... a quick assessment., of a smile has .an important
role ·to play in successful corimiuq..icati.on: A;geriuine s'.mile
(1,2) .:.........:......... as .a gesture of c:on·c:mation iri conflict. and it's ·
important to know whether we are really being offered a:truce
or not~ ·

-·~.,,· · -·

. 3 Now read the text again more carefu lly and decide which
answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an examp le at the
beginning (0).
0 A big B great C large D huge
1 A sign B basis C root D fact
2 A recollect B accept C admit D recognise
3 A put B brought C created D stuck
4 A Providing B Considering C Relating D According
5 A got down B set out C went off D carried out
6 A despite B thereby C however D nonetheless
7 A associated B mixed C joined D accompanied
8 A exhibitions B resemblances C appearances D expressions
9 A assure B confirm C justify D approve
10 A decide B tell C distinguish D reckon
11 A make B earn C do D hold
12 A aims B serves C portrays D applies
 UNIT J What makes us tick

4 Comp let e these sente nces using th e correct Writing: information sheet (Part 2)
form of a word or express ion from the text.
She arrived at the meeting very late, but her ., 1. Are th e following statements about writing
apology was sincere and h an information sheet true or false?
2 Using electrodes to stimulate the facial muscles of 1 You should always use full sentences .
volunteers led to the c . . of fa lse smi les. 2 You can use bullet points and head ings.
3 When we genu inely smile, the muscles around our 3 The aim of an information sheet is to catch the
eyes c . . reader's eye and make points clea rly.
4 The e. . .... of the human brain enables people to 4 You should use a formal style.
differentiate between a real and a fa lse smile. 5 You should plan the information sheet ca refully.

I
•·.
5

6
Most people can a.... .... whether a smile is
sincere or not quite quickly.
A genu ine sm ile is seen as a c . . . . gesture
6 An information sheet is the same as an arti cle.

2
during a time of conflict.
Read the t ask.
7 A sm ile is one of the most successful ways of
c.. ......... a friend ly attitude.
8 An a . ....... . ...... smile can be spotted by most people Your school wants to help its students prepa re
easily. themselves better for job intervi ews by helping
them to become more aware of things to do
·s.· Apart from what they say, how else can you or not to do to make a good first impression .
tell wr1er1 )U lll eor 1e j) ; Irie Pr iriliµcii r1ci ) ci)K.eu you Lo urdw uµ dr 1

• not reactin g honestly to something? information sheet that he can disp lay on the
• telling a lie? careers notice board which will help students.
Write your information sheet in 220-260
• (un)happy about something?
word s.
• anqry about somethinq ?
• ur1~ure al.Juul ~u r11 e ll1ir1l:J ?
2 Discuss ideas that you ca n include in the sheet
.. 6. Discuss these questions. and make notes und er these headings.
Do you th ink that it is important to do scientific • Appearance
research into things such as smiling? Why?/ • Manner
Why not? • Behaviour
2 What effect can body language have on • Dos and Don'ts
communication? How ca n it cause
misundersta ndings? . Work with a partner. Look at the
information sheet in the Writing reference on
page 201 . Make sure that you read and
HEY! GREAT io understa nd all the Dos and Don'ts. Plan your
ME.£T you! information sheet and discuss these questions.
1 What title wi ll you give your information sheet!
:I. I111
2 How many sections will you have and what
headings will you use for each one7
3 Will you use a fo rm al or informal style7
4 What is the purpose of the information sheet!

39
 UN IT .1 What makes us tick

4 2 The writer has made eight spe lli ng mistakes.

Find the mistakes and correct t hem.
1 Look at the inform ation sheet below, which
was written in answer to the task, and 3 Th e writer has also made one mistake with
compare your own id eas. Then discuss these modal verbs and one mistake w ith gerunds
questions. and infinitives. Find the mistakes and correct
What is wrong with the general heading7 Choose them .
a better one from the options below
a) The art of making a good impression
·s
b) Useful interview techn iques Use the ideas that you discussed in Exercise 2.2
c) Behaving better in formal situations and write your own answer to the task. Use
2 Is the introduction helpful7 Why7fWhy not? t he questions you discussed in Exercise 4.1 to
3 Are the different paragraphs clear and complete 7 help you .
Does each paragraph have its own heading? 2 Exchange your answer w ith another student.
4 Does the information sheet inform and advise Check each other's information sheets and
readers in a clear and useful way? What techn ique make comments on layout and style.
does it use to do th is7 Remember to also look fo r spe llin g and
5 Why can bu llet points be useful7 In the exam, what grammar mistakes .
must you be carefu l about if you use bu llet points?
:, Writing reference p.201

0 Pe.o\>le. >o..y 'yol}. ol\ly 1e.t ol\e. chtl..l\Ce. to E>e.ho..viol}.r

0 Mti..ke. ti.. 1ood fir>t iMf>re.S"> iof\ ' . V.Jo..t Cti..f\

yol}. do to iMf>rove. yol}.r cho.."ce.> of
~M i le.l A 1e.l\l}.i"e. S'M ile. e.>to..bli>he.S' ti..
re.lo..tiol\S"hif> 1 >o..y> tho..t yol}. o..re. hli..f>f>Y
t!..Chie.vi"1 thi> ~ to be. the.re.. Who.. t \>e.o\>le. ofte."
re.Me.Mbe.r of othe.r> iS' the.ir >Mile..
Ai>f>e.o..rti..l\Ce.
Dre» >Mo..rtly bl}.t do" 't 10 ove.r the. bo> ti..f\d bol\ 't>
to\>. If yol}. o..re. ove.rdre.»e.d 1 yolA ere.I!..t bol\ 't
ti..I\ iMf>re.S">iof\ of forMo..lity 1 bl}.t yol}.
• to..lk too Ml}.Ch or too '11}.ickly. 1hiS'
Col}.ldl\ 't dre.S"> dow" too Ml}.Ch be.Ct!..l}.S'e. 1ive.> the. iMf>re.» io" tho..t yol}. o..re.
yol}. 1ive. the. iMf>re.S">iol\ tho..t yol}. Mrvol}.§.
0 Col}.ld" 't co..re. le.». Howe.ve.r - ti.. word of • for1e.t tht!..t yol}. CM o..S'k GjlAe.>tiof\S'
wo..r"i"1· Alwo..y> be. yol}.r>e.lf - if yol}. too. It i> 1ood to 1ive. the.
0 we.o..r clothe.> tho..t o..re. l}.f\fti..M ilio..r 1 yol}.
wi II fe.e.I l}.f\CoMfore.to..ble. Md wi II "°t
iMf>re.S">iof\ tho..t yol}. o..re. il\te.re.>te.d I I\

othe.r f>e.Of>le..
\>roje.ct the. ri1ht iMt!..1e. of yol}.r>e.lf. l>e.
Mtl}.rti..l. bo
• Mti..il\tM e.ye. cor..to..ct. !he.re. i> f\othi"1
wor>e. thM to..lki"1 to S'oMe.of\e. who
V.Jhe." yol}. o..re. Me.di "1 S'oMe.of\e. for the. Wol\ 't look yolA ii\ the. e.ye..
fir>t tiMe. 1 try to o..che.ive. ti.. bo..IMce. • re.lt!..x.

J
be.twe.e." frie."d lyr..e..» Md fon--10..lity.
Li>te." \>olite.ly1 do" 't il\te.rrnf>t 1 bl}.t If yol}. follow thi> o..dviS'e. 1 yol}. wi ll Mti..ke.
0 1ive. fall ti..l\S'we.r> whe." "e.ce.»o..ry. Ne.ve.r fo..bl}.lol}.§ fir>t iMf>re.S">iol\.
ti..
be. Mof\oS'ylo..bic . Re.Me.Mbe.r yol}. wo..r..t
0 Cof\ve.yi"1 M iMf>re.» io" of cil}.1e.t
40 co"fi de."ce. 1 f\ot >hy"e.S"> or "e.rvol}.§ r..e..S'>.
__..,.-- ~

--------~~ -~-·-....__,...__, _____,,,-/_...,._-~-------~- _,_,--- .

....__~ ...._..._._ ,.,.,,..,.-
 u 1~ 1 ·1·

1 Read the text below. Use the words given in ca pitals at

the end of some of the lines to form a word t hat fits in the
gap in t he same lin e. There is an examp le at t he beginn ing (O).

Control your anger

When a celebrity, a (0) pgfi.~igi.CJ.n or other person in the media POLITICS

spotlight loses their temper in public, they run the risk of
hitting the headlines in a most (1) ....... ........... way. For such EMBARRASS
(2) . .. outbursts of anger are often triggered by CONTROL
what seem to be trivial matters and, if they are caught on
camera, can make the person appear slightly (3) .......... ... But it's RIDICULE
not only the rich and famous who are prone to fits of rage .
According to recent surveys, ordinary people are (4) .... INCREASE
tending to lose their cool in public.
Yet anger is a potentially (5) emotion that uses up a DESTROY
lot of energy and creates a high level of emotional and
rihysical stress - and it stops us thinking rationally. (6) ..... CONSEQUENT
angry people often end up saying, and doing , things they
later have cause to regret.
So, how can anger be avoided? Firstly, diet and lifesty le may be
to blame. (7) ............... ... and irritability ce1tainly come to the surface TOLERANT
when someone hasn't slept properly or has skipped a meal , and
any (8) ............. ....... of caffeine can make things worse . TAKE
Taking regular exercise can help to ease and diffuse feelings
of (9) .........,however, reducing the chances of an angry response . AGGRESSIVE
But if something or someone does make you angry, it's (10) ADVISE
not to react immediately. Once you've calmed down , things won't
look half as bad as you first thought.

:; .2Choose the correct alternative in each of ~ · ·3 . Four of t hese sentences have mistakes in
these sentences. them. Find the mistakes and correct them.
As we get older we should I ought be able to dea l Our brains allow us planning our lives well, which
with our own problems ! an ima ls ca n't do.
2 You must I could tell the truth at all times 2 I always try to working out the best solution to
otherwise someone will find you out. problems by talking them over with friends.
3 I must I have to go now otherwise I'll be late. 3 I don't wa nt to suggest that planning revenge is in
4 You don't have I should to tel l anyone about this - any way a positive move!
it can I may be our secret. 4 When people take chances, they can risk to find
5 Of course you could I can go now - but leave themselves in difficult situations.
quietly, please. 5 I intended to have fini shed this by Sunday, but now
6 The chances are that he will I would be very I'm so late there's no chance.
successfu l when he sta1·ts his new job next week. 6 I really reg ret not to have studied harder when I
was at school.

.41
 UN IT

4 Pushing the boundaries

Vocabulary 1 3
1 Read the text and think of th e word which
1 · Discuss these questions. best fits each gap. Use only one word in each
What do you think of science7 Is it interesting or gap. There is an examp le at the beginning (0).
boring 7 Why?
2 Read the complete text aga in . Find short
2 Did you study science at school7 Did you enjoy it7
phrases that mean the same as:
Why?NVhy not?
3 Is science a popular subject in schools? 1 produced unexpectedly
4 Do you think everyone should study science? 2 to reach an understanding of something
Why?NVhy not? 3 separate something into smaller parts
5 Do you think that science is important for you 4 on the whole
personally?
.. 4 Do you agree with the writer that scientific
· 2 ., Look at the title of the text below. What do knowledge has the potential for both good and
you think it will say? Read it quickly to find out. bad? Why?/Why not?
What does the writer say makes science
interesting?

42
 Speaking: Parts 3 and 4
.. 1 . In Part 3 of t he Speaking test you will be
given a problem-solving task to do with your
p-'.lrt nP.r. After you have completed the task you
will be asked some genera l questions on the 5 Work with a partner and complete the task.
same topic. Discuss the pictures on page 178 and try to
(D 1 Look at the pictures and listen to t he reach a decision .
interlocutor's instructions. What two th in gs do
the students have to do?
W2 Listen to two students ta lking about two of 1 Think about how you would answer t hese
thepictures.W~a m1sa eare -~~~~~~~~q~u~e~dfii~on~sc.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
with the task? What shou ld t hey be doing? Do you think we depend on science too much
3 Look at the fo ll owin g phrases. How and when nowadays?
do we use them? Match them to the functions 2 Was life easier or more difficult without gadgets?
below. 3 Do you think that life is general ly better now than
it was for our grandparents?
So what you rnean.by that is ... 4 If you were a politician, what changes would you
What I mean is ... like to introd uce to the way we live nowadays?
I feel that ... 5 What's the best age for children to sta rt studying
So you're saying that .. . science in school?
I'm trying to say that .. . 6 How can we get more young people interested in
How do you feel about . 7 following a ca reer in science?
It seems to me that ...
Listen to two peop le discussing the first
Do you feel the same as ... ?
question. Do they have similar ideas to you?
What do you think about .. ?
Discuss any sim ilarities and differences with a
partner.
a) clarifying what someone has said @3 Listen aga in. Do they use any of the phrases
b) asking for an opinion from Exercise 1.3? Wh at phrases do they use to
c) explaining your point of view add information?
@4 Li sten to two different stud ents talking about
3_ Work in groups of t hree. Discuss all t he
the other two pictures. How many of the
questions in Exercise 2.1. Use phrases you have
expressions above do they use? What
heard to clarify, exp lain, ask for opin ions and add
difference does it make to t heir discussion
compared with the students in Exercise 1.2? information.
43
UJ\ I T 4 Push ing the bo un da ri es

Grammar 1: co nd iti ona ls 2 Each of t hese se ntences has a mistake wit h t he

co nditi onal form . Find and correct t he mistakes .
(overvi ew )
If you really want to keep up with scientific
-1 developments, you would have to read more 1

2 If th ere were more informati on about science on

1 Comp lete senten ce b) in each pair so t hat it
television, there's a chance that youn g people should
has a similar mean ing to sentence a).
get interested in it.
a) You won't pass your science test unless you 3 There is a great offer on sci-fi books on the Intern et -
do some serious revision. if you buy two, you got one free.
b) If you . . ............. ..... some seri ous revision, 4 I would have done better at science when I was at
... ...... fa il your science test school if I worked harder.
2 a) We didn't know th en what Oliver wou ld do 5 If I promised to take care of it, wil l you lend me your
with the chemistry set, but later on we wished video mp3 player?
we'd never given it to him. 6 I would n't take that job unless I were you!
b) If we ........................................... what he woul d do with it, 7 If he went to the party, he mi ght have seen her there.
we'd never have given Oliver the ch emistry set 8 If you had taken up her offer of a lift, you might got
3 a) I don't have access to th e Intern et, so I don't home sooner.
use my computer very much.
b) I ............ .... . ...... .... my computer more if I .3
....... .................... ... access to the Intern et.
4 a) Every time you press this button, extra mil k is
1 Here are som e areas of life in whi ch major
automatica lly added to you r coffee. changes could happen in t he nea r fut ure. Discu ss
possibl e ch anges with a partner. Th en make a
b) Th e mach ine ........................................... to yo ur coffee
sentence for each one beg inning If ... and
when you .
describing a probabl e consequence.
5 a) I want everyone who comes from London to
stand up. Example: If cosmetic surgery becomes cheaper, more
b) If ............. ............... ........... ... fro m London, . . .... people will want to have it.
6 a) Don't touch thi s light switch because it is very
unsta ble and might give you an electri c shock . cosmetic surgery: cheaper? more generally accepted?
b) If ........................................... th is light switch, it television broadcastin g: on mobile phones?
......... ....... give you an electric shock. on computers? more advertising?
medicine: transplants? genetic engineerin g?
2 Compl ete these rul es about co nditional
sente nces.
To give additiona l meaning such as possibi lity 2 Here are some areas in which major changes are
and ability we use a modal verb such as possible, but may be unli kely. Discuss possible
....... ... . ... and ......................... instead of .. . .. .... .. or changes in each of t hese areas with a partner.
Then say what changes you th ink could happen
2 To express a general truth, we use if/when + and w hat t he results would be.
present simple + .....
3 To talk about somethin g that is contra ry to a forms of transport · ways of keeping in touch
fact in the past we use ways of saving inform ation
4 To talk about something th at is unli kely or
contrary to present facts we use Example: If cars were banned from city centres, there
5 We can use the imperative form in the ... .. . . would be less pollution.
pa rt of th e conditional structu re when we want
to tell someone to do something. 3 Thi nk how your life woul d have been different if
6 To talk about someth ing that is possible we use these t hings had not been invented.

mobile phones cars computer games

, Grammar reference p.194 (3. 1)
Example: If mobile phones hadn 't been invented, I
wouldn't have been able to call my friends so easily
 UNIT 4 Pushing the boundaries

4 Work in a group. First complete the @ You will hear t hree different extracts. For
sente nces in a way t hat is true for you, then questions i-6, choose the answer (A, 8 or C)
compare your answers with others in the group. which fits best according to what you hear. There
are two questions for each extract.
1 If I have some free time tonight, I ...
2 If I become completely fluent in any other
I Extract One I
language, I ...
3 If I won a lot of money, I ... You overhear two friends, Phil and Miranda,
4 If I could live anywhere in the world, I .. . chatting at a science conference.
s When I was younger, if I had known .. . 1 How does Miranda feel about her job /
A disappointed with the salary
8 keen to start doing more practical work
Exam focus C optimistic about her chances of promotion
Paper 4 Listening: mu!tip!e choice 2 What drawback of his current teaching job does
(Part 1) Phil mention?
About the exam: In Paper 4, Part 1, you listen to A the constraints he works under
t hree short extracts of about one-minute each. 8 the attitude of students
As you li sten, you answer two multiple-choice C the lack of facilities
questions.
Ti 1e (! 11 et: e11't(cicts cii·e (1ut \ii-d<.ed ;;-, ai-1Y -.;..;ay a;-,d
IExtract Two I
you will hear a range of different speakers, You hear a married couple talking on the radio
contexts and topics across the three texts. You about their family life.
hear each extract twice before moving on to t he 3 The man says that the on ly disadvantage of having
next one . This part of the exam tests your ability
such a large family is
to understand the gist of what people soy, their
opinions, fee lings ond attitud es and wheth er or A it restricts their ability to make lonq-term plans.
not speakers are agreeing with each other. B it's hard to respond to each child 's particular
needs.
Suggested procedure C it makes it difficult to do things on the spur of
1 Read the two questions for each extract the moment.
before you li sten. Use the information on the
4 The woman tells us about their holiday plans in
page to help you . Remember the context
ord er to stress that
sentence on the page will give you
information about the speakers, context and A problems can occur wherever you go.
topic, and the questions themselves give you B children should be included in activities their
some information about what you're go ing to parents enjoy.
hear. C it's better not to be overambitious in planning
2 The f irst time you listen, mark the answer you family activities.
think is correct for both questions, even if
you're not sure. IExtract Three I
3 The second time, listen to check your answer You overhear two work colleagues talking.
and to be sure that the other two options are
wrong. 5 What is the man doing?
4 If you're not sure, then guess. You've probably A apologising for something
understood more than you think and you B blaming someone else for something
don't lose marks for wrong answers. C explain ing how someth ing happened
6 How does the woman react!
A She admits that she's had similar experiences.
B She advises him on a sensible course of action.
C She reassures him that he's done the right thing.

45
 UN I T 4 Pushing the boundaries

B .....
Vocabulary 2: word formation Another medical discovery came abo ut when carnation
farmers as ked why their flowers wouldn't bloom.
1 Look at th e text. Can you work out which I (5) ....................... discovered that the gas that was being used
medical discovery is being described in each to light the greenhouses was the reason . The gas was
section? Write the name of the discovery as a then found to have even more (6) .. .
heading A, B, C or D. ..... properties whe n humans were exposed
._.... . .........
.-'
to it.

Medical discoveries made c ..

by chance According to legend, this drug was
discovered when a South
Not all medical mishaps have a bad end. American man with the disease
In fact, the history of science is full of (7) ....... .. ........ drank water from a
stories of how people made really bucket contaminated by the sap
important scientific (1) .. .............. by from a particular tree. His fever
accident. then (8) ................... disappeared.

A ... D .. .
For example, it's well !mown that this drug Th is vital medical
was discovered when Dr Fleming spotted some (9) .... .... ......... tool was discovered
mould growing on a Petri dish. Less well known when a physicist was studying
is that this was not the only fluke in the drug's whether cathode rays could
discovery. Six years (2) ......... ............ ., one of escape from a glass tube wrapped
Fleming's own tears fell onto a bacteria sample. in paper. When they showed up on a
He found that the spot where it fell remained fluorescent screen a metre away, he
sterile. It was this that gave him the idea that realised this new type of ray could even
certain compounds might show some (3) .......... to record a human skeleton on a (10)
bacterial (4) ........ negative.

3· Discuss these questions.

1 Read the text aga in . Use the word given What do you think have been the most significant
in capitals to form a word that fits in medical discoveries in history/
each numbered gap. 2 What med ical discoveri es do you think will be made in
the future?
1 BREAK 6 CREDIBLE
2 PREVIOUS 7 ACCIDENT
3 RESIST 8 MIRACLE
4 GROW 9 DIAGNOSIS Grammar 2: conditionals (advanced)
5 BOTANY 10 PHOTOGRAPH
1
2 Write the words from above. There is
1 Which of t he options below are grammatical ly
sometimes more than one word.
possible to comp lete each sentence? Tick all the
a compound noun made from a phrasal verb possible options.
breakthrough
He wou ld never have become famous
2 an adverb made from an adjective
a) had he been a typical scientist.
3 an adjective made from a noun
b) if he had been a typi cal scientist.
4 an adverb made from a noun
c) if he must have been a typica l scientist.
5 a noun formed from a verb
6 a noun formed from another noun 2 Please ask the doctor for my test results
7 an adjective formed from another adjective a) if you happen to see her.
b) if you should see her.
c) if you see her.
d) were you to see her.
48
 l iN IT 4 Push ing the bounda ri es

3 a) Supposing people co uld live for two hundred. Watch Out! 1n case and if
years, In case does not have the same meaning as If.
b) Even if peopl e could live for two hundred yea rs,
In case is used to talk about precautions -
c) In case peopl e could live for two hundred years,
something we do to prevent or avoid a problem.
d) Imag ine th at people cou ld live for two hundred
years, Take some suncrea m with you in case you need it.
how many wou ld really want to ? Use your suncrea m if you sunbathe.
4 a) If you were to find some of his DNA,
b) If you had found some of his DNA, · 2 One word is miss ing in each of these
c) Had you found some of his DNA, sentences . Put it in the correct place.
d) Provided that you found some of his DNA,
it's still un likely that you could clone William Example:
Shakespeare. Were
(You to continue with you r studies, I am sure you
II
5 I'll see if the doctor is free wou ld become a competent scientist.
a) if you'l l wait here.
We spent more time studying, we might have been
b) if you wait here .
more successfu l.
c) if you were to wait here.
2 If you just be patient, I'm sure the teacher wil l be
6 I wou ld be delighted for him to participate in the here soon .
research 3 If I were say that I wanted to become a scientist,
. . , \ ,,,.... 11"\rr hA 1 t.1A1 tl ~ -H·o ·'"' " tf'"'I ch:lra th o rf"'\C"tc ... t..... ...... '" ••• ,.., •• l ,...J .......... ,.....,. ,,")
U/ Ulll\....JJ II\,.. VYVU I U U~I'-'- '-'-' ..,111u 1._ '-'' '- .._..._._..__.,
VV I I QL VVVUIU yvu .)UY:

~' b) we re he to agree to share the costs.

c) as long as he would agree to share the costs.
4 If you happen see th e film before I do, please don't
tell me the end 1
2 Look at all t he cond it iona l clauses you ticked, 5 Supposing I changed the date of your
and hi ghlight the ir structure. appointment, that be a probl em?

Which correct sentence/option LJ )e): · ·3 Rewrite th e sente nces usin g t he words in

another linker with il similar meaning to if: .q,!!!... , brackets .
I won't use wireless connection to th e Intern et if
2 were to (stressing that something is hypotheti ca l) in I'm not sure it's safe. (unless)
th e conditiona l clause: 2 You wou ldn't have this problem if you'd taken my
3 a modal verb (suggesting th at something is advice. (had)
unlikely) in a conditional clause: .. 3 Imagine that someone found a cure for the
4 happen to (suggesting that something is un likely) common cold, they wo uld be famous I (were)
in a con ditional clau se: 4 I can't find my ca r keys - if you find t hem by
5 an inversion in a conditional clause: ..... chance, could you ca ll me7 (happen)
5 The game to night wil l not be cancelled if the
6 will (meaning 'are wi lling to') in the if clause: weath er improves . (provided that)
6 If she works hard, she wil l be successful.
3 One of these statements is false. Find the fa lse (as long as)
statement.
4 Work with a partner. Look at the dilemmas
a) Using an inversion is more formal than using if.
below, and discuss what you t hink the so lutions
b) Supposing and imagine are more polite than if.
cou ld be . Then th ink of anoth er di lemma to ask
c) Using if+ was/were to stresses that we are talking other stud ents in th e class to discuss.
about a hypothetical event.
d) If+ will is used in polite requests. If you happened to think that your friend was
spending too much time playing computer games,
Grammar reference, p.194 (3) what would you do?
If you happened to see someone travelling on a bus
without a ticket, what would you do?
 U 1'i IT 4 Pushing the boundaries

Vocabulary 3: collocations, fixed Fixed phrases

phrases and idioms
A fixed phrase is a co mbin ation of words that
are always used together, e.g . a matter of
Collocations opinion.

A co ll ocation is a combination of word s that

are usually used togeth er, e.g . catch a cold. 3 . Match th e sentences ha lves. Th e expressions
in bo ld make fixed phrases wh ich fo ll ow th e
pattern noun + of+ noun.
1 · The verbs in t he fo ll owing sentences have
similar meanings, but on ly one will col locate with 1 You have every ri ght to express your own point
the fo ll owing noun. Choose the best verb to 2 Everyon e has to provide proof
complete the sentences. Then underli ne th e fu ll 3 Everything she said was a pack
collocation . 4 When someth ing goes wrong in the science lab it
may be an accident, a twist
Some people can hold I maintain I keep th eir
breath under water for a long tim e. 5 Children should be encou ra ged to develop a sense
2 Footba llers are at risk of injury, and often bend I a) of lies, and I didn't believe a word of it.
curl I twist their ankle or knee. b) of view, but I am entitled to disag ree with it.
3 Ath letes can pull I drag I haul a muscle if th ey c) of identity when they set up a mobile phone
don't warm up properly before th ey run. contract.
4 Scientists ca n get I make I have a good living, d) of curiosity, as this will help th em develop
especially if th ey write books. scientific skil ls.
5 Peop le hack I probe I look into computers to get e) of fate or just an unforeseen chemica l reaction.
persona l information illegal ly.
6 If you use the Internet a lot, you should always Idioms
note I bookmark I book your favourite web pages.
7 It's important to prioritise I rank I order your work An id iom is a group of words t hat has a
so that you ca n make the best use of your time. different mean ing from t he usua l meaning of
8 Scientists conduct I control I check experiments on t he separate words, e.g. a piece of cake =
anima ls before trying new drugs on humans. someth ing that is easy to do.

·) Choose the adverb which collocates best

""'4' Look at what people have sa id. Wh ich
with the adjectives in these sentences.
sentence answers t he questions below? They are
·1 Th e play was utterly I mainly hilarious - I cou ldn't not in th e sa me order.
stop laughing.
Example:
2 She was bitterly I completely disappointed with his
1 - d) Designing a website isn't rocket science .
reaction to her news.
3 The proj ect was hugely I greatly successful, and I'm sorry - I just don't th ink that designing a
changed the company's approach to sa les. website is that difficult!
4 He felt totally I deeply grateful for having been 2 I've just bought a new computer and I'm hoping
given the opportunity to do the job. th at my father will pay for it 1
5 He was absolutely I enorm ously impressed by her 3 I hadn't heard from her for years, so her emai l was
knowledge of technology. totally unexpected.
6 She was completely I exactly absorbed in her work 4 I thi nk th at the way th ey ta lk to each other is th e
and hated taking holidays. real issue . .
5 You're always taking a risk with advertising - it's
TIP! Wh en you learn new vocabul ary, write impossible to be precise with your predictions of
down all possible co llocatio ns. This w ill make it profit.
eas ier to remember and use co rrectly. a) Wh at's at th e root of the problem?
b) What came out of the blue?
c) Who wi ll have to foot th e bill7
d) What isn 't rocket science?
e) What isn't an exact science?
50
 LT:\' IT 4 Pushing th e boundari es

Exam focus For questions 1-5, th ink of one word on ly whi ch

can be used appropriately in all three sentences.
Paper 3 Use of English: gapped Here is an examp le (0) .
sentences (Part 4)
Example:
About the exam: In Paper 3, Part 4, you are given
0 The aim of this task is to ..t..e..s.J your knowledge of
six sets of three separate sentences, each one
vocabulary.
with a gap. For each set you have to f in d one
word which can fill all three gaps; th e word wi ll The drug company has decided not to ..Y!.S.t its
always be in the same form and will always be products on anima ls in future.
used as the same part of speech. In order to te.s.t out his new theory, the scientist
This task tests your knowledge of vocabulary. has taken over the university laboratory.
Different words will fit in the gaps in the 1 In the .. ......... term, there is very little chance of
sentences, but only one word will fit in all three. fund ing for further research into the matter.
So it is not poss ible to base your answer on only There will be a ................. break after the next lecture
one se ntence, or even on two of them. to give students the chance to grab a coffee .
The best way to prepare for this exam task is to After climbi ng to the top of the sta irs, the elderly
record vocabulary in phrases rather than sing le professor was rather .................... of breath .
words, and to check al l poss ible meanings and
collocations of words in a dictionary such as the 2 Th e scientist's proposal to do furth er research into
I nngman Exams Dictionary. his subject has been .................... by the finance
LU llll l·Jj((t:t:.
Suggested procedure When there was a total ecl ipse, the moon
1 Read t hrough t he three sentences. If you think completely .. ......... out the light of the sun.
of a possib le word to fi ll the gaps, do not The road to the airport has been completely
write anything unti l you have read all the ............ by an overturned lorry.
sentences and you are sure that the word fits
al l three contexts. 3 If the co llege buys its computer Pq1 1irmPnt in bu lk,
2 If you cannot immediately think of a suitable it may get a special .................... from the suppl ier.
word, check what part of speech is required, There has been a great .................... of money invested
e.g. noun, verb or adjective. You wi ll probably in research into global warming in recent years.
already know t he main mea ning of the word, Some people complain about having to walk home
but you may not recognise it immediate ly in in the dark, but for me it's no big

I
-~
these contexts. Look carefu lly at the other
words in the sentence and see if they suggest
any collocations or grammatica l patterns (e .g.
look at prepositions).
3 If you still can't think of a possible word, leave
4 As the weather deteriorated, it became obvious
that we wo uld have to .. ............... back and find a
hotel in the town we'd just passed through.
When you see the hotel on your left, you need to
the question and go back to it later. . .. right immediately afterwards.
4 Check the dictionary definition of the word If you ................. the piece of paper over, you' ll see
you have chosen. Does it fit all three uses? my address on the back.
5 Terry's in the ......... of applying for a new job with
a pharmaceutical company.
Scientists are developi ng a new ................... . that will
allow minerals to be extracted from waste.
You must check the temperature at each stage in
the cheese-makin g .

51
 UNIT 4 Pushing th e boundari es

Writing: articl e (Part 2) 2 Look at the two introductory paragraphs.

Whi ch one is
1 In Paper 2, Part 2, you may be asked to more formal7
write an article. This can be on a range of top ics 2 more suitab le as the introduction to an article for a
for different types of reader, but there are some student magazine7 Why7
features that are true of any article.
A
1 Look back at the article on page 46 . Whi ch of
t he following statements about art icles is not
Some. pe.ople. SO.j Tha:t cornpu-te.( go.rne.s Me. o.
true?
wo.s-te. of -time. o.nd rnol'le.lj, bu-t oihe.(s hold ihe.
An article: opposi-te. point' of vie.w. lhe.(e. Me. cle.Mlj fac-to(s
• should have an interesting title That' can be. Ci-te.d on boi'h s ide.s, o.nd ihe.j ne.e.d
• should have an engag ing open ing paragraph to TO be. bo.lo.nce.d in O(de,( TO o.sse.ss ihe. T(Ue.
catch the reader's interest, wh ich can include (or posi-tion.
begin with) a question to involve the reader
• should have bull et points and headings
• can be in a formal, informal or neutral style B
depending on th e targ et reader
• should finish with a statement or conclusion which .
..
sums up and gives the writer's opin ion Do yov. love coMpv.+ev- 9aMes ov- hllte theM?
• ca n talk to the reader directly, using 'I' . ~lltevev- yov.v- poiV1t of view> yov. llV'e V10t llloV1e!
2 What other ways ca n you think of to make an Svlch ~Mes teVld to i:>v-iV19 @ov.t eXfreMe
article interesti ng for readers? Choose the v-eac+ioVIS iVI people> aV\d thev-e is little Middle
most important from the list. 9v-ov.Vld. Wny is this? Let's fiVld ov.t. ,
• include structures to provide emphasis ·. ___,,,_------·--·- _,., . .-_,
. ~- ____
--··---- ___ _ .. ___ _ ,.~ ..-..-..--·._-.J
,.

• provide specific exa mples to illustrate points, not

just general statements
• use direct speech where appropriate
1 Decide whether you agree with the statement
• use paragraphs
in the task, and write down three main points
• use a range of interesting vocabulary and a vari ety
that you want to make.
of structures
2 Starting with the introductory paragraph you
. :t : chose in Exercise 2.2, write three new
paragraphs, one for each point you want to
1 Look at the writing task below and answe r the
make. Remember to support each point with
questions.
extra detai ls, and to link your paragraphs
How many thing s do you have to do? Underlin e together.
th em.
3 Write your conclusion. It ca n be a whol e
2 Who wil l read your article7
paragraph, or just one or two lines. Remember
3 What style would be best for the target reader7
to return to the topic, and to summarise your i.
own opinion .
An international magazine for you ng peop le
has asked readers to send in articles on the · 4 Use your grammar checklist to make sure
topic of 'Computer games - a comp lete waste you have not made mistakes, then exchange your
of time and mon ey' . Write an articl e articl e with a partner. Does your partner find
supporting or disagreeing with the statement, your article interesting? Do they have any
and give your reasons. suggestions for making it more interesting?
Write your article in 220-260 words.
, · Writ ing reference p.208

52
 ·u N 1 .'f

f Read the text below and think of the word 2 Read the' text again. Answer the ·
wh ich best fits each gap. Use on ly one word in each questions.
gap. There is an exa mple at t he beginning (0). Where do you think th e text was written 7
a) in a trendy magazine for teenagers
b) in a serious scientific journal
c) in a popular science magazine for general
How you can help science interest
2 Who do you think are the target readers/
Gr8nny find s evidence of alien life using the PC
a) scientists
her daughter bought her so (O) . t.h.z.it they b) anyone
could keep (1) . . ... ... . touch via emails. An c) teachers
accountant discovers a cure for cancer while
3 What style is the text written in?
taking a break (2) ....................... processing tax
a) mostly formal
returns on bis laptop. A teenager spots a comet
b) mostly informa l
heading (3) ........... ........... Earth and warns
government scientists about it. Do you think ·3 Find words or phrases in the text that
1
these stories are tru e or false? mean the same as the words in italics in the
following sentences. Which words are more
Although they sound (4) .................... the unlikely formal?
- 1 - ·· ~ . . . . c TT . . . . 11 ~ ................ ,..__ ,...1 1..... 1............ 1,..i.. .. ,... •.,. . . •. ,... 1-hr\TT ,.,..l""\,, l rf .... 11
vvvvu IJ l V\..... l\..LJUUlA... .1.U,
1-'IVL.:> V l lJ.vuy l..l.1.\,...J \,.,\JU.L"-1. <.t.J..I.
She wanted to rnainiain cunidli wiU 1 he1 . (µci 1d I)
become real-life stories thanks to a quiet 2 He was relaxing. (para 1)
revolution that may change (5) ...................... face of 3 A teenager observes a comet. (para 1)
science . 4 He established the project. (para 3)
5 Millions of people have registered. (para 3)
An American computer scientist realised that 6 More people are taking part. (para 4)
most PCs spend a lot of time doing nothing
except displaying screensavers, and decided to
put the technologica l power of these idle PCs
1 Find these words in the text. What part of
(6) .. . .. ..... use. He set up the SETI@home
speech are they? What are the other forms
project, in (7) ............... ...... PC owners agreed to of the same word?
allow their idle computers to scour radio
astronomy data for signs (8) ... .... .......... life on technological warn revolution
other planets. (9) ....... .... ....... expertise was required expertise evidence genuine
on the (10) ................... of the PC owner, and
millions have signed (11) ....................... worldwide.
Suddenly the idea of someone's grandmother 2 Comp lete t he sentences usin g the correct
becoming the first to find Extra Terrestrials form of a word from the box above.
doesn't look quite (12) ... . ......... silly. A teenager emailed a ... ...... to the
government about the dangers of an
(13) ....................... a result there is now growing approach ing comet.
public involvement in genuine, living science. 2 I'm not very good with using . .. manuals,
For years, the word 'amateur' has been I'm afraid gadgets unnerve me!
shorthand for 'sloppy' and 'muddle-headed', but 3 He's a real on astronomy - there's
nothing he doesn't know about the stars.
the word comes from Latin where it means 'one
4 When the mouse mat was first introduced, it
who loves something'. Maybe science is not
was regarded as a ... new idea.
(14) .. .. for professio nals after (15) .......
5 I was . . surprised by the success of the
and we should all learn to love it.
project.

c .or: your CD~l;lOIY.L,fOY'tµtefa

. tive exam praetice.
.. 53
 UNIT

5 Thril ls and skills

Listening 1: multiple matching

(Part 4) How do you think th e world of sport has changed
si nce your parents were young? Li sten to f ive
1 peop le talking . Match each speaker (1 -5) to one of
the topics (A- F). There is one top ic you do not need
1 Answer the questions.
to use.
A reasons for taking part in sport Speaker 1 DTI
B the sporting facilities ava ilable []]]
Speaker 2
C innovations in sport Speaker J [JI]
D attitudes towards hea lth and fitn ess Speaker 4 DI]
E the cost of buying sports equipment Speaker 5 CTI]
F th e income and status of sports stars
2 Do you agree with what these peop le say? Would
you add anyth ing? How do you th in k these things
might change in the future?

3
(D 1 Now listen to two peop le ta lking about sport. Using
points A-F above as headings, make short notes
about their ideas, and compare them with yours.
@2 Listen again . What unusual sports do the speakers
mention?

,.4
1 Work with a partner. Imagin e that you are
developing a new sport, and are going to combine
two different sports in the way that Boxercise or
Bouncy Boxin g do. Choose from the sports below,
and th ink about:
• which two sports you want to combine
• how you would pl ay your new sport
• why people would enjoy it
• what you would ca ll it.

tennis hockey . horse-riding basketball cycling

trampolin ing baseball any other

2 Tell other students about your new sport. Make

sure you give reasons why people would enjoy it.
2 Compare your answers with a partner Then vote for the new sport th e class wou ld most
and the rest of the cla ss. Is sport genera lly like to try.
popu lar? Why?/Why not?
54
 UN IT 5 Thrills and skills

Grammar 1: intensifiers/modifiers 2
Decide which of these adjectives from the text
1 are gradab le, e.g . interesting, and which are
Look at these two sentences from the ungradable, e.g. impossible. Write G
li ste ning . Underline the modifier and the (gradable) or U (ungradable) next to each one.
adjective in each sentence. Can you think of clear 6 limited
any other intensifiers you cou ld use with each 2 gentle 7 short
adjective? 3 steep 8 overwhelming
a) To be perfectly honest 4 amazing 9 honest
b) Professional sport is very conservative at hea rt 5 mind-blowing 10 important
2 Read the text below. Decide if you can use one 2 Look at the follow in g modifiers/intens ifi ers.
or both of the alternatives in each case. Using the text to help you, decide which you
can use with gradable adjectives and which
you can use with ungradable adjectives. Write
EXTRE ME SPORT G or U next to each one.
Alex Thompson is a bobsleigh rider. Why does she do it?
very terribly absolutely really rather
Because she is addicted to speed. This becomes (1) hugely I
completely extremely totally fa irly
absolutely clear when she describes what a bob5leigh run is
likP 'ThP ,t;irt nf .:i 'lirlP rnn i' nftPn 17) fr1irly I mm_nll'tPly
gentle, but then the track falls away and it's (3) veiy I really 3 Which modifier from the box above can be
steep. That's when the speed picks up, and some (4) really I used with both gradab le and ungradable
absolutely amazing thrills kick in.' How long does it take? The adjectives?
answer she gives is (5) quite I utterly mind-blowing - about
· 3 . There are four mistakes with modifiers in
~9 seconds. The .average speed she reac~es-is 120kph,-cand
the sentences below. f-ind the miStaK.es ana
the only ~hing separating ~lex's body from.the ~ce is correct them.
essentially aflat piece of metal on skates. [ying head-first, her
I found the whole situation absolutely
visibility js (6) extremely I totally limited and she can see embarrassing.
only about one metre ahead. When she's travelling at speed 2 I fe lt very resentful about having to work at th e
the time she has to make decisions is (7) very I utterly weekend.
short. When it _goes well, the whole experience can be 3 Everyone in the team was qu ite confident about
.. . .

(8) absolutely l tofally overwhelming. Asked whether she winning the game.
4 She felt utterly nervous before going on stage.
feels upseuhat her sport is less well funded than others, Alex
5 I was completely disg usted by his bad behaviour.
is (9) ;lightly I completely honest: 'I'd like .more ~oney -
6 It should be very clear that th e situation is totally
of course I wo~ld; But- ·l;d do it anyway - it's (i O) extremely I difficult.
terribly important to me, and Ijust can't imagine how boring 7 His suggestion is absolutely ridiculous!
!. life would be w' 8 I find th e plan rather acceptable.
I
j;
: Grammar reference p.195 (8)

·4 Tell another stud ent about the last time

that you felt
• really hot
• quite sati sfied with something you 'd done
• totally amazed
• extremely happy
• rath er annoyed
• absolutely exhau sted
• fairly surprised.
55
 Ci\ IT 5 Thrills and skills

Exam focus has recent ly fu lfilled a long-held ambition7 CLO

Paper 1 Reading: multiple matching helps other people when they're having
(Part 4) difficulties7 [[[]
is modest about th e level of success he's
About the exam: Pa per 1, Part 4 is a mult iple- attained7 [IT]
rn at chin g t ask. Th e t ext is on one topic, but may
be divi ded into different sect ions. You have to is looking for th e ri ght comb ination of
match 15 qu esti ons t o a particul ar piece of text. factors to increase his speed7 [IQ[]
Suggested procedure re members the moment when he decided
to have a go at th e sport7 [TI[]
1 Rea d th e instruct ions carefully.
2 Rea d all th e questions, high lighting key words mentions the unpredictable conditions
and phrases. affecting his performance7 [g[J
3 Read the whol e text quickly to get an idea of says that he ach ieves greater speeds than
t he co nte nt of each sectio n. participants in similar sports? [IT[]
4 Look at each question in turn. Find and
high li ght the pieces of text which talk about spends his free time on th e upkeep of his
t hese id eas (there will probab ly be more th an equipment? [H[J
one). lacks th e fin ancial resources to take part at
5 Read t he sections of text caref ully to decid e the level he aspi res to 7 ~
wh ich is the best match.
6 If you're not sure of an answer, move on t o .. i '
th e next question - this will save tim e. Go
back to those you're not sure about at the Compare your answers with another student.
end . • Did you look at th e same pieces of text for each
7 At the end make sure that you've answered all answer?
t he quest ions, and t hat you've used all the • Did you make th e sa me final choice7
possible keys (A- D). If you're sti ll unsure of
2 Double-check any questions to which you have
som e answers, then guess. Remember, there
different answers.
are no penalties for wrong answers in the
exa m and your instinct may be right!
'. ) Look at these words and expressions from
the text. Match them to the word which is closest
~ L You are going to read an article containing
to the meaning in context.
information about four different sportsmen. For
questions 1- 15, choose from the sections (A- D) . 1 to get told off (A) a) to be excited by
Th e sections may be chosen more than once. 2 to topple (B) b) to feel busy
3 to get in th e way (B) c) to fa ll
Whi ch sportsman ...
4 to wh izz about (B) d) to make small
adm its to enjoying th e competitive aspects adjustments
of his sport ? 5 to tweak (C) e) to tolerate
gets pleasure from doing somethin g that 6 to put up with (C) f) to complete a race
wouldn 't normally be allowed? 7 to get a buzz from (D) g) to obstru ct
8 to cross the fi nishing h) to move quickly
feels th at some people watch the sport in line (D)
the hope of seeing accidents? 9 to be hectic (D) i) to be reprimanded
suggests th at people may have a wron g
impression of his lifestyle? i: 4· Discu ss t hese questi ons.

has th e occasional mishap wh en taking 1 Wh ich, if any, of th ese sports would you try?
pa rt in his sport? Why?/Why not!
2 Why are people attracted to activiti es like th ese?
has recently cut back on his expenditure 3 Are there any disadva ntages to people doing sports
in the sport! li ke these? For participa nts7 For others7
4 Should th ese sports be allowed7
56
 UNIT 5 Thrills and skill s

Thrills and skills

Our reporter Jo Malone talked to four men of speed

A ROGER: Formula Four C JAMIE: Motorbike

catamaran speedboat driver speedster
Like our other speed lovers, Roger's Jamie loves the sheer thrill of
middle name could actually be going extremely fast, extremely
adrenalin. The record for his class of 55 close to the ground, on his
boat is l 65kph and they normally motorbike. He recently left the
race at around the 152kph mark. powerful Superbike class of
Roger's raced all sorts of powerboats monster 1OOOcc bikes for the
since falling in love with the sport in cheaper-to-run, but just as much
10 1993 and is involved with everything from racing himself to 60 fun, super mono motorbike class. That's four stroke single
manning the rescue.and recovery boat at his club. He would cylinder 720cc bikes which easily reach speeds of about
love to race the Formula One powerboats which hit speeds 225kph on the track. He rides for a racing team and
of about 240kph, but can't afford this at present. As in the competes virtually every other weekend in the racing season
wnrlrl nf mntnr-rnr.ine, ::is yon mow~ rlown the ratings from from April to September. practising or tweaking his bikes
15 four to one, so the cost of taking part rises astronomically. 65 several nights a week. 'It's just the thrill. It's something that
Roger races all over Europe, enjoying the thrill of the race I've been into that gives me the excitement I like,' he says.
as well as the chance to go incredibly fast. 'Where else in the His wife Amanda goes to watch and generally puts up with
world can you drive a boat as fast as you like and not get masses of motorbike talk. One of the fastest riders on the
told off for it? It is an incredible feeling to drive fast on circuit, Jamie doesn't ride a road motorbike. Tm not
20 waler. 11 Okph feels like travelling at 320kph. Every inch of 70 inleresle<l. I want lo go fa~t and race,' he says. He admits
water is different, there's the wind, and the waves from the that some spectators are partly watching to see the crashes.
bank and from other craft. It's never the same,' he says. 'No-one wants to see anyone hurt, but it is quite spectacular
Quite the action man, Roger's other interests have included when they fall off,' he says.
navigating in a rally car, canoeing and sailing: 'I've sailed
25 for 30 years and all I've done is raced.' D RALPH: Formula One
75 racing driver
B STEVE: Parakiter Racing driver Ralph adores
Steve's sport may be one of the burning rubber at 320kph on the
slower fast-man activities, but it gets Formula One racetrack. 'I
his heart pumping. He rides a wind- started when I was ten years old.
30 powered kite buggy, also known as a 80 It was my birthday and I had a
parakite, at about 56kph. In his day's go-karting as a surprise
three-wheeled machine, Steve sits treat. I did that for six years and
virtually on the ground and yes, he achieved quite a bit of success.' This is an understatement
does topple out sometimes. 'We're as he won virtually every race around. By the time he was
35 only a couple of inches off the ground and it feels very 85 fourteen, karting had become more than a hobby, and he
quick indeed,' says 29-year-old Steve. The record is just over was travelling all over Europe to compete. 'I wanted to go
95kph and Steve has so far touched 72kph, and is hoping to for Formula One from that first day I started racing, so
find the wind and surface conditions that will allow him to getting the chance this year is like a dream come true. The
go even quicker. 'The stronger the wind the smaller the kite first time you drive the ca r it's amazingly quick, but after
40 we use,' he says. Steve recalls the day he spotted the 90 that you get used to the speed and don't notice it. What I
enormous kites and buggies and decided it was a sport he get a real buzz from is going round in a good time or
had to try. 'I've never looked back since. I like the adrenalin crossing the finishin g line ahead of my opponents. People
of it and the feeling of control.' says Steve. 'It feels so fast. think motor racing's a very glamorous situation with lots of
Wind's an amazing thing,' he says. He and his fellow things going on, but the races are very busy with th e team
45 parakiters need large areas of flat hard ground such as a 95 and the media, so you don't get to see so much of whatever
beach or a park with mown grass where there aren't too else is going on. Maybe at the end of the year, I'll be able to
many goalposts to gel in the way. He says the parakiters are sit back and reflect a bit, but for now it's pretty hectic.'
quicker than the kitesurfers, who use similar kites but whizz
about on surfboards on the waves: '[cou ldn't afford that,
50 and we are going faster.' 57
 UNIT 5 Thrills and ski lls

Vocabulary 1: word formation 6 I've read Lance Armstrong's autobiography six

times - I think it's really inspiring.
(prefixes) 7 Th e player was not feeli ng well, and
underperformed in the final.
1 Look at the prefixes in t he box. Alt hough
8 There was a kind of postmortem after the team
t hey do not mean anything by themse lves, they
lost th e game, to try to find out what went
are used to make words negative or opposite.
wrong.
Work with a partner and write down two 9 Do you use a monolingual dictionary in class?
adjectives for each one usin g the prefix. They 1O I find it easier to use a bi lingua l dictionary when
may be negatives or opposites. You can use a I'm travelling - it's quicker!
dictionary if you need to .
a) less of an action or quality than is correct,
needed or desired
un- dis- im - ii- ir-
b) again
c) opposite
d) after
_' i - Work with a partner. Take turn s to read one e) badly/wrong ly
of the following stat ements so th at your partn er f) two/double
can contradict it using a word with a prefix from g) too much
Exercise 1. Remember to stress th e prefi x.
h) being or becoming bigger, further, greater, etc.
Example: i) one/single
A: I think the new stadium has very comfortable j) of or by yourself
seats.
2 How does knowing the mea ning of the prefix
B: Oh, really - I think the seats in the new stadium
help you understand the word?
are very uncomfortable.
That information is completely relevant to th is 4 · Decide which prefix( es) from Exercise 3
discussion. can be used with each of the words below. Then
2 When I read it, I thought the ideas in his proposa l write a sentence using each one to bring out
for a new sports cl ub were tota lly log ica l. its mea ning .
3. The young footba ller interviewed on television last
night seemed very mature for his age. grad uate (n) instate (v) clockwise (adj) • l

4 Children nowadays seem to be more obed ient than understand (v) statement (n) active (adj)
in the past.
5 I found that last statement quite believable.

·3 Use of English: word formation

1 Some prefixes have a dictionary definition . (Part 3)
Look at the prefixes in bo ld in each of t hese
sentences. Match them to their meanings
be low.
1 Look at the title of the text on page 59. What
You' ll have to rerun the race, as the result wasn't do you think 'co unterfactual t hinking' might
clea r. b) involve?
2 Th e English team were completely outplayed by
a) seeing th ings in an unnecessarily negative way
the Austra lians.
b) not setting yourself high enough goa ls in life
3 I completely misheard th e tra iner's instructions,
and ran ten miles instead of ten kilometres. c) convincing yourself that fa lse thi ngs are true
4 He overate and put on so much weight that he 2 Read the text qu ickly to see if you were right.
was dropped from the team . Do you believe that people rea lly think in this
5 I am very antisocial when I'm train ing for a way? Why?/Why not?
competition - I never go out with fri ends because
I always have ea rly nights.

-58

"!.I
 UNIT 5 Thrills and skills
- - ------------

2 Read the text aga in. Use the words· given in Speaking: agreeing and adding
capitals be low the text to form a word that fits in
the numbered gap. There is an exa mpl e at the
information (Parts 3 and 4)
beg inning (0) . Remember to look out for
. · 1 Read the fol lowing speakin g task.
negative prefixes.
I'd like you to imagine that your town counci l
wants to encourage loca l people of different ages
to take part in competitive sports. These are some
of the ideas that they are considering. Talk to each
other about how effective these different ideas
might be in encouraging people to take part in
competitive sports. Then decide which two would
be the most effective in encouraging people of
different ages.

Listen to two people discussing one of the

pictures on page 179. Make a note of:
• which picture they are discussing
• what points they make.
Listen again and comp lete the tab le with
expressions used in the discussion.

Make an Indicate partial Agree with

additional point agreement a point

On t op of that I take t hat

point on
board.

TIP! If you keep a note of these expressions I

and try to use them regu larly, they w ill sound j'
natural and you will use them effectively.

~ Work with a partner. Discuss the rest of the

pictures, and reach a decision .

.4 Discuss these questions. Where appropriate,

use the expressions you made a note of in
0 PERCE IVE Exercise 2.
1 CLOSE 6 WISE
Why do you think people enjoy takin g part in
2 SATISFY 7 POWER
competitive sports?
3 MEDAL 8 ADJUST
2 Do you th ink that it is a good idea for people to
4 FRUSTRATE 9 COMFORT
support a particular team7 VVhy7NVhy not?
5 INACTIVE 10 WRITE
3 What is the difference between watching sport on
TV and watch ing it live in a stadium /
3 Discuss th is question.
4 Do you think that major intern ational sporting
Are you a positive th in ker or a counterfactua l thinker? events have any rea l va lue?
What about people you know7 5 Do you agree that business is too involved in sporP
6 Should children be encouraged to take part in
competitive sport! Why7NVhy not7
59
 i; NIT .5 Thrill s and skills
------ ··--- - - - - -

Grammar 2: intensifying
comparative forms
1
1 Complete the text using
express ions from the box.

by far th e considerably
great deal much more

SES are named after Joseph

lLATESEXERC I ' · 1880Hewas
P . . ih was born in Germany in
P1\ates, 11
.
°
h.\ I but was c1e ell"1
very frail as a c I c'
.
t . .,, ·ned to overcome
. ramme of rigorous
his ill health and worked out a ~)1otygof sports. Not only
. . ·d as from a vat 1e
exercise, using 1 e · better than it
James: And do you think it works?
did his health become a ( ld) ~~·d;;·~l~at was strong and
but he develope a ' Anne: Well I've not had (5) half as many I slightly
had been, t d. in New York where
more problems with my back as I used to
fit. In the 1930s he set up al s.uri~~1 dancers and actors
his exercises became popu a1 '~ Pilates has become
before I started the cla sses. And I must say I
tl l t s In recent years . fee l (6) a bit I a bit more fitter general ly. It's
as well as a le e . ·u the general population than not a dramatic improvement - th ey say that
(2) . .··· .... popu~~;·a7~s ~uts (3) .. . .. . . less really you should combine it with aerobic
it was ll1 the p~st. other types of exercise, and
exercise to get the best results. But it's
impact on the iornts_ than best type of
many doctors say it is (4) .. ····· ....... . certa inly very popu lar. There were (7) hardly
exercise for older people. ·""' . any I nothing like as many classes when I
~-<r..../fl'.' ...,.._..,_\ ...~-- ...~ -:-:;~ started as there are now. There seem to be
·""J'·-. . . . . ..
':".~
(8) more and more I fewer and fewer
opening up al l the time now.
James: And is it all middle-aged people?
2 Choose the correct alternatives in the
Anne: l~ o, there are (9) slightly I scarcely more
fo llowing dialogue.
people in their thirties and forties in my class,
James: I was wondering whether to enrol on a but there are all ages really. Why don't you
Pi lates cla ss - you do it, Anne, what do you come along to a class and give it a go?
think about it? James: OK, maybe I will.
Anne Well, it's certain ly ( 1) not nearly as I no more
exhausting as something like aerobi cs or Grammar reference p.194 (2.2)
jogging . And I know th ey say 'no pain, no
3 Look at the expression s in the two exercises
ga in', but I'm (2) many more I a lot more
above. Choose three which are formal , and
likely to keep on with an exercise class if I'm
three which are inform al.
actual ly enjoying it.
James What sorts of things do you do 7
Anne: Well, the basic idea's what they ca ll 'drawing
•. 2: Work with a partner. Compare:
your navel up to your spine'. It's actual ly • your feelings about exercise
(3) quite I rather more complicated than th at, • how you spend your free time
but you do lots of exercises to strengthen • two places you have visited on holiday
what they ca ll the core muscles - th e • two films you have seen recently
abdominals, basica lly. They're all very slow • the music you listen to .
and controlled - (4) loads I less slower than
aerobics, for exa mple - and th ey're supposed Be ready to report a summary of your results to
to improve your balance and your posture as the class.
we ll as things like muscle tone.
60
 C:\' IT 5 Thrill s and skills

vocabulary 2: sports idioms a) scored a bullseye with his accusation.

b) there was nothing illega l or wrong about the deal.
1 c) really goes off the deep end if anyone argues with
him.
Look at the expressions a-f be low. They
d) was in pole position.
origi nally came from t he world of sport, but
e) he came first against al l the odds.
are now common ly used in other situations.
f) he jumped the gun.
Match each stateme nt to its non-sporting
g) by changing the rul es of th e competition without
context 1-6.
warning.
Wh ich of the people ·1-6 h) it's a different ballgame now
a) has just made a comeback/ d) has set a record? i) and so the ball is in your court now.
b) has suffered a setback/ e) is an also-ran?
c) has fallen at the fina l hurdle? f) is a team-player? 2 Wh at sport or kind of sport do you think each
idiom comes from?
1 Magg ie is the most unselfish person i've ever
worked with - she's so supportive of her 3 Choose t he best idiom to comp lete the
colleagues. dialogues.
2 James can't win anyth in g - he'll always come last A: It's so difficult to discuss anything with him
whatever he does1 because he gets ang ry so easi ly.
3 Petra has fina lly started dancing on stage again - it B: I know - one disag reement and he jumps the
took her ages to get back to fitn ess after having gun I goes off the deep end.
I _. ____ I L _ I_

I lt: I '.>t:LU I IU uauy. L A: 1·ve done all I ca n and so it's up to you - the baii
4 Peter was on course to win sa lesman of the month 1s in your court I it's a different ballgame.
award, but on the very last day a customer B: I know - I'l l have to decide soon.
cance lled a big order and Simon won it instea d. 3 A Are you sure that everythin g is legal?
5 Jane's final exam marks were the highest the B: There's noth ing illega l about it - it's all
colleye l1 d~ ever awarued. comp letely in pole position I above board.
6 Erica had hoped th at she cou ld record her new 4 A: She's overcome so many difficulties to win the
album in two weeks, but sbe got aJ.>ad thrual arid --competiti on1~. -----
was forced to postpone the session. B: I know - I have to adm ire her, because she's
2 How are t he expressions used in sport? scored a bullseye I succeeded against all the odds.

2 • 3 · Choose two idi oms from the box be low and

-,1.J. .

write a short dialogue for each one to bring out

1 The high li ghted common idioms and the mean in g. Use a dictionary if necessary.
expressions in the following sentences come Compa re your dia logues with a partner.
from sport. Match the sentence halves, and
decide what you th in k the idiom means. Be a good/bad sport Don't count me out
He made sure that everything was comp letely Go the distance Make up ground
above board so
2 I never expected him to win because he had had so
4.
many problems, but
3 He guessed comp letely right and 1 Tel l a partner about
4 I can't do anything else to help you, you must • something you did against all the odds
make the next move - • someone who is a good sport
5 He's got such a short temper and • someone who set a record.
6 He got the information so quickly that when the
time came to close the deal he
2 Discuss a sportsperso n who
7 He took unfa ir advantage and started before • has had a number of setbacks in their caree r. How
anyone else so in fact did they overcome them 7
8 They moved the goalposts • has made a comeback. How we ll did they do?
9 They seem to have changed their minds about • has made a lot of money out of the ir sport.
what they want us to do, so in fact 3 Why do you th ink some sportspeop le are so
driven to win?
61
 l'\ Tr 5 Thrills and ski lls

Use of English: open cloze a) Do people fly using comp uters to help th em navigate /
b) Do peopl e use computers an d th e Intern et to see who
(Part 2)
fli es furth est!
c) Do people only fly using virtual rea li ty like computer
1 Wh at do you know about th e sport of
gamesI
gliding? Discu ss t hese questi ons.
1 Who does it! 2 Now read th e t ext to find out about th e sport
2 How much does it cost? Think of the word which best fits each gap. Use
only on e word in each gap. Th ere is an exampl e at
3 What do you think it feels like?
the beginning (O).
4 Why do yo u think people do it!
5 Do yo u thin k it is a competitive sport? 3 Discuss th ese question s.
Why!NVhy not? 1 Would you like to go gliding! Whyl/Why natl
2 Would you want to join a co mpetition like OLC?
.2 3 Do you think peopl e's enjoyment of gliding co uld be
Read the title of the text below. What enhanced or red uced by the competition ?
connection do you think computers cou ld
4 What other sports do you think could be
have with gl idin g? Read the text to find
organised in a simi lar way to OLC?
out.

62
 lJi\' lT !i Thrills and skil ls

Listening 2: multiple cho ice 4 Tom is keen to po int out that, in his experience,
indoor cl imbing
(Part 3)
A is just as demanding as traditional outdoor rock
1 • Discuss these questions.
climbing .
B offers the thri ll of outdoor climbing in a safer
What do you know about th e sport of indoor or environment.
wall climbing?
C lacks th e element of fear present in traditional
2 Why do you th ink it has become increasingly rock climbing.
popular in recent years?
D requ ires a higher level of concentration than
3 How do you think it is different to outdoor rock outdoor cli mbing.
climbing?
5 Amy feels that compared with other kinds of
workout. indoor climbing
1 Find words or phrases in the questions below A focuses on one pa rticu lar group of muscles.
that mean: B does not require such a reg ular comm itment.
C represents more than solely a physica l challenge .
a) basic training
D offers a more appropriate form of training for
b) beginners
other sports.
c) a social grouping
d) not very willi ng 6 When asked wh ich type of cl imbing he prefers,
e) support one thing at the expense of another. Tom is
A keen to sLress that he enjoys both tyµes eyudiiy.
2 Are there any other words in t he questions
that you don't know or are not sure of? Check B ca refu l to avoid saying wh ich he actua lly
them in your dictionary. favours.
C reluctant to adm it that he likes outdoor cl imbing
CJ 3· You will hear part of a rad io discussion better.
D critica l of people who feel a need to take sides
about the sport of indoor cl imbing . Choose the
answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to on the issue.
what you hear.
4 Which do you think wou ld be more
According to Tom, young people are attra cted to enjoyable - indoor or outdoor cli mbing?
indoor cli mbing in the USA beca use
Wh ich do you t hi nk wi ll become more popu lar in
A th ey have been specifically targ eted by gyms.
the future? Why?
B there has been a growth in available facilities.
C it isn't regard ed as a highly competitive activity.
D it offers a ground ing in traditional climbin g
techniques .
2 What does Amy see as the main benefit of th e
game she describes?
A It gives climbers of varying abilities the chance to
cli mb together.
B It helps cl imbers remember specific moves th ey
have to make.
C It keeps more experienced cl imbers focused on a
clear goal.
D It allows novice climbers to build up their
strength.
3 Amy feels that in London , indoor climbing ,
A appeals to people with time on their hands.
B attracts people who dislike outdoor activities.
C is more of a social activity than a serious sport
D is part of a wider sub-culture including other
activities.
 UN IT .'i Thrills and skills

Wrnting: a reference (Part 2) 4 also (pa ra 3)

5 previously (para 3)
1 In Paper 2, Part 2, you may choose to write 6 at a rea lly good standa rd (para 3)
a reference . Thi s wi ll be a job reference for a 7 so (para 3)
friend. 8 so (para 4)
Before you plan your reference, thin k about 9 put in (para 4)
• who you are writing to 10 I think she wou ld be good for the job (para 5)
• what the job is
• what points you need to include in your reference. 4 Comp lete t he paragraph plan with the
Imagine you are interviewing someone for the job information the writer has included in each
- what wou ld you want to know about th em7 paragrap h. Wh at tenses or structures have been
used in each paragraph? Add th ese to the plan.
Then organise the info rm ation clearly into parag raph s,
and use a semi-formal style. Finish with your present present perfect past hypothesis
recommendation . skills and qualifications future plans
recommendation her character
·2
1 Look at the task below. Paragraph 1: opening
Structures used: .
The organiser of a sports camp for ch il dren has Paragraph 2: your relation ship with your friend + I
asked you to provide a reference for a fri end
of yours who has app li ed for a summer job as Stru ctures used: . ......................... ....... ./...............
an activities supervisor at the camp. The Parag raph 3: ........................... +your friend 's interests
refe rence should include re levant information and suitability
about your friend's skills and interests and Structures used: .. .........../. ..........1........... ...... ../

su itability for the job.

Paragraph 4: ... ....... .../reasons why she wou ld
Write your reference in 220-260 words .
be good for the job
Structures used: future/hypoth esis
2 Think about what to put in th e reference . Paragraph 5: ......... .
What should you not include? Stru ctures used: ..................................... ..
• how long you have known your fri end
• what you and your fri end have done togeth er 5 Comp lete the fo llowing task. Remember to
• your fri end's character use semi-fo rmal language, and to organise your
• reasons why you li ke your friend reference clearly in appropriate paragraphs.
• your friend's skills and interests
• details of previous experience your friend has You have been asked to provide a reference
• reasons why your friend is suitable for the job for a friend who has applied for a summer job
• informal or colou rful language in an adventure holiday camp. The person
appo inted must have good socia l skills and
enjoy sports. Th ey must be reliab le and have
some knowledge of first aid.
1 Read the reference on page 191, which was
written in answer to the task. It is too long. You should include information about your
Cross out two sentences that contain irrelevant friend's personal qualities, skill s and relevant
information. work experi ence, and give reasons why you
recommend them for the job.
2 Underline semi-formal express ions in the
refere nce that mean the fo llowing: Write your reference in 220-260 words.
1 polite (para 2)
2 is used to (para 2)
3 good at (para 3)

64
 . Li.NIT~

UJse of English: multiple-choice cloze (Part 1)

1 For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which
answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at
the beg inning (0).

Chiptunes

When the pop singer Imogen Heap was looking for (0) ...6.. bands to go on tour with
her, she searched through My Space to find exactly what she was looking for. Two of
her selected acts are part of what's (1) .. ... ...... as the 'chiptune' scene which
cannibalises old toys and computers and turns them into strange musical instruments.
Imogen herself (2) ............. use of a modified Speak&Maths toy on her album and
gets it to (3) .............. things like 'sexy baby' which obviously it wouldn't have done
under other (4) .
Much of the (5) .................... of using these modified toys - which would (6) .................... have
been thrown away - is nostalgia. While she's ripping the back off them, rewiring their •
contact points and (7) .. ......... .. sinister looking switches to make weird noises, she's
not above getting sentimental about them. As she says: 'They have a (8) .............. in
G:i~· 1-;.cQrtG ~rid I lil~e the ide8. 0f (9) .................... theiii b::!.ck t0 life.'

The golden age of chiptunes was the early 1990s when the sound chips of video game
consoles were the only (10) ... . ........ available means of creating music on computers.
But the scene now has devotees all over the world , and sites such as My Space have
(11) .. ... .......... them to share their music. As one fan says: 'There's so much sound
production around now that 's hi-tech , clean and polished; this music is the
(12) ....... ............. of that.'

0 A support B assistant C partner D help

1 A named B termed C called D known
2 A finds B makes C seeks D gets
3 A talk B sound c utter D speak
4 A circumstances B situations c instances D cases
5 A reason B attraction c explanation D motive
6 A therefore B otherwise c nonetheless D meanwhile
7 A putting B sticking C attaching D joining
8 A place B point C seat D zone
9 A giving B taking C bringing D sending
10 A greatly B widely C largely D wholly
11 A facilitated B promoted C granted D enabled
12 A opposite B alternative C contrast D diversity

65
 UNITS 1- 5 Progress test

Use of English: open cloze (Part 2)

2 For questions 13-27, read the text be low and th in k of the word wh ich best fits
each gap. Use on ly one word in each gap. Th ere is an examp le at the beg innin g (0).

Does skiing have a future?

In recent years, the sport of skiing (0) .. h?.fi. . been having a tough time in Europe. A series of warm winters has
meant skiers arriving at their destinations to find grass and daisies (13) ................. ... there should have been snow. All
over the continent , people have been questioning the wisdom (14) .................... developing any more low-level ski
resorts, when even World Cup races at high levels have (15) .. ........ to be postponed for (16) .. ... of snow.
Environmentalists might consider this rough justice, however. Ski resorts have always been considered (17) . ..
best ecologically unfriendly. They cause forested mountainsides to be levelled and use up huge amounts of energy.
(18) ................. guaranteeing snow for skiers means more res01ts at higher levels, then this will put even (19) ..
pressure on fragile mountain ecosystems.
(20) ............. artificial snow may be the answer to some of the ski industry's problems , this too has its drawbacks. It
weighs five times as (21) .. . . .... as real snow, something which can't be that good for the mountain , (22) ......... .
to mention the energy used up in creating the stuff; twenty million dollars worth was used in one US resort in one
year alone.
So (23) ............ .... ... can environmentally conscious skiers do? Well, first of (24) .......... .......... , don 't even consider going to
a resort without an environmental policy. You (25) ......... to be able to find out things (26) ................. whether each
slope is given a day off to recover, and whether your accommodation is heated by a renewable source of energy, as
(27) .................... as all sorts of other details.
Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2007

Use of English: word formation (Part 3)

V~ . For questions 28-37, read the text below. Use the word given in capita ls at
the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits the gap in the same line.
There is an examp le at the beg inning (0).

An old phone never dies

The mobile phone is fas t becoming the world's (0) .fa..V..O..LJ.r..it.~. gadget, with FAVOUR
nearly a billion (28) ............... sold annually around the globe. But what HAND
happens when the sc.reen stops flashing, the battery dies, or people simply
start laughing when you fish it out of your pocket?
In Britain, people (29) .. .. .. replace their mobiles every two years, with TYPICAL
25% of people (30) ................... their equipment each year. So where do all the GRADE
old phones go? Accord ing to Nokia, most get stuffed in a drawer and
forgotten . Although about 30% are traded in or inherited by a family
member, only 2% end up back at Nokia for recycling.
Markus Terho, director of environmental affairs at Nokia says: 'We've
been doing a lot of (31) ... .............. research into what would convince CONSUME
people to recycle their phones. The biggest obstacle seems to be
that people have very strong (32) .. . ........ bonds to their mobiles, and EMOTION
so are (33) ............. ..... to part with them.' WILLING
One answer is turning your old mobile into a charitable (34) .. DONATE
About 70% of mobiles sent for recycling still work, and these can be
(35) .............. ..... and sold in developing countries, where they provide an CONDITION
(36) . .............. ... alternative to new equipment. In many places in Africa, AFFORD
for example, where there are few landlines, having a (37) .. .......... mobile RELY
phone can make a real difference to people's li ves .
 l ' NITS 1-5 Progress test

use of English: gapped sentences Use of English: key word

(Part 4) transformations (Part 5)

4·: For questions 38-42, t hink of one word on ly . "-~ . For questio ns 43-50, comp lete the second
which can be used appropriate ly in all three se nte nce so t hat it has a simi lar meani ng to the
sentences. Here is an examp le (0). first sentence, us ing the word given. Do not
change the word given. Yo u must use between
Example:
three and six words in clud ing t he word give n.
o Naomi is a very approachable woman and people find Here is an exa mple.
her ..e.&l.f;Y.. to talk to.
Example:
My grandmother thinks that I have a very .e.<l.f;Y... life
· compared to her experience of being a teenager. 0 The two friends were sitting .on their own looking at a
It's ..e..a..f!Y... to see why so many people support the local computer screen FRONT
team who have done so well in recent seasons. The two friends wm c;itting hy the.rris.e./ve.s.Jrifr.C!n.t..g.f.
a computer screen.
38 I suspect that the new tax on airline fuel is real ly aimed
at raising revenue rather t_han at ................... the planet! 43 The pianist performed beautifully and received a
standing ovation. GAVE
If you buy goods online, you wi ll be ........ yourself
The pian ist .. .............................. and rece ived a
the effort of going to the shops.
standing ovation.
Fiona was rather extravagant and ......... regu larly did
not come easy to her. 44 The group's popularity increased thanks to word-of-
mouth recommendations. LEi.J
39 Rules about the use of kitebuggies 011 the beach on ly
Word-of-mouth recommendations
......... during the tourist season.
......... ................................ popularity of the group.
If you want to get good resu lts at the end of the year,
you need to ... .. . yourself to your studies. 45 That young man is the organiser of the charity concert
I told you about. HAS
Anyone interested in the job is invited to .................. .
That's the young man .. . ............... the
before the last day in June.
charity concert I told you about.
40 Your keyboard needs to stand on a .................. surface a
46 Why are some brands more successful than others?
comfortab le distance away from the screen.
MAKES
Wh ichever type of car you hire, with this deal you pay
What is . .. ......................................... some brands more
a .. ..... .... rate of £30.00 per day.
successfu l than others7
The landscape to the south of the resort is rather
..... and uninteresting compared to the hilly area 47 Unfortunately, I didn't have enough money to go to the
to the north . theatre regu larly. ABLE
If I'd had more money, . ........................ ............ to go to
41 According to a recent ............. , the number of science the theatre more regu larly.
graduates is likely to fa ll in the future.
48 Damian is sure to finish the race in first place . CROSS
Rolf decided to turn one room in his new fl at into a
. .. , so that he cou ld keep his work and his family Dam ian is sure to be the first person to
life separate. ............ ... ............. ... in the race.
In the 19th century, it was not unusual for wealthy 49 It is qu ite usual for boys to begin playing football at the
peop le to devote themselves to a life of ........ age of five. MEANS
It is by .. .... ........ for boys to begin playing
42 It is .................... to find a shop that gives a truly personal
footbal l at the age of five.
service these days.
One CD by that group is no longer available in the 50 Had he spent more time at home, he wouldn't have
shops and was classed as .................... in one online made so many friends. GONE
auction. If he .. . . ..... ........ .......... often, he wouldn't have
I have joined an organisation that is dedicated to made so many friends.
helping prese rve ................... species of butterfly.

67
 UNIT

6 Family ties

Reading 1
1
Wh at sort of thing s do pa rents and tee nagers
have argum ents about? Work wit h a part ner
and make a list . Decid e w hether t he po ints
on your list are either:
a) typical everyday arguments, or
b) serious issues that need to be resolved.
2 Do you t hin k th at parents and teenagers
have t he sa me ·ideas about wh at is a serious
issue and wh at is not? Why?/Why not?
· to letyoti·gci to.a party, then they: inake you come home
2 before most people even get th.ere. If y.ou try; to argue, · · ·
they,'11 say something like, 'You're lucky: ~.f{re letting ..
-
Read th e articl e qui ckly. Whi ch of th e points )·
· you .go out at all.' In order to win this one you ,have to .
on your list in Exerci se 1.1 are mentioned? Is l · - get·inside their heads and work out why they don't
th e style of th e article formal or informal? . · want you t6'g'o in the first pface. T-hen·c9me up with a
How do you know ? ..sensible .'solution. If they thlnK staying, iate is. out
2 Now rea d th e article more carefully. Mat ch · dangerous. reassure them_it i[;n't Teil thein where,th~
each st at ement to one of th e sect ions of t he . :party is, who you're gomg .with and whb's g:oiilg to be

arti cle. there, because parents like to.know.Sfutt like·that. Also,

· · tell them you'll get a cab home (yes, it's ewensive, but
In whi ch section are th e fo llowing ment ioned? lllUClt safer than walking or: gett,mg the bus). This is
an argument that's unlikely to impress eX~ctly,: the 'sort oftlung your panmts want to hear.
parents D f·' ·f.'

2 an unreasonable cond ition being imposed

by parents D
3 an argument where neither side will give
any ground D
4 an indication that you may be winn ing
an argument D
5 a strategy for reducing parenta l anxiety D . . . .
. ·B ': This is a classic ;mgryparehtphrase. used . -
.. .
...

6 co untering a suggestion with logical whenev~r they'i~Iosing an ar~ent. Make ~em

argum ents D ~· • : • ~ • ·1 '. ~

. ieJi.iise they're laying down the law for no reason. Don't

• • • • • •

7 convincing parents of a contin ued need for . w;o'mental, just stay cool.and say._.'If you're not gomg to
something D be' reasonable, I'm not going to argue.:with you.' That
8 getting paren ts to reca ll their own teenage way. you sound senslbl.e and m~ture, and yolir.parents
attitud es D don't and are mucl) less likely t<i continue S-crearning at
9 reaching a compromise solution in a dispute D · yo~·. The. only problem is, sometirn~s they are bein'g ·
10 remaining calm wh en parents do not D reasonable and say annoying-things ~e. 'If yow don't
• • do your homework, you'll get.into trouble.' Then you
· have t~;try: and strike a deal: ltke '01<. if I .get all m; :
• • .... •. IJ • • •
homework and chores done !onight. can.I' go to th~
: cinema with my mates tomorrow?'··

68
 UN IT 6 Family ties

Listening 1
(0 1 Listen t o two extracts from a radio programm e
about fami ly life. Choose th e answer (A, B or C)
which f its best acco rdin g t o wh at you hea r.

J Extract One I
You hea r a married couple talking about their children.
1 Wh at surprises people about th eir chil dren?
A Th ey have a good influence on th e behavi our of
other child ren .
B They still behave we ll when their parents are not
around .
C They appear unaffected by social pressures.
Obviously
.
girls get this more than boY.s. but my
. .' . ,. • • . . \.! 2 They fee l that th eir chi ldren are
mum hates it w.hen I, wear ridiculou~ly baggy je~s: .
Whether it's midriff-baring tops or enormous jeans. it
.. .
A sensitive to th e feelings of oth ers.
B un usually quiet and we ll-mannered.
C unaware th at their behaviour is untypica l.

J Extract Two I
You hear a teenager talking about her fa mi ly.
3 Why does she tell th e story about the babysitter?
A It chanqed the way she viewed her brothers and
sisters.
B It providPrl her with an opportunity to challenge
authority.
C It marked a turn ing point in her relation ship with
j
her parents.
!
4 She was upset that her offe1·was turned down
because
'Why s~ould .we Jaise A her parents gave no reason for their decision.
your allowance?' B she felt it revealed her parents' tru e attitud e
towards her.
D This is !Jicky. You've spent all tliis time tryirig to· C her parents accused her of giving th em fa lse
·peisu_ade your-parents you're independent. then you · in formati on.
ask them for money. They'll.probably say something
like. 'if you'.re so independent. :why don't you get ,a job?' 2
or s'ometlung equally annoymg. You cmuld try ~etting a
job, but jobs are hard, boring and leave you with l~ss 1 Work wit h a small grou p of oth er students.
time for pa'rtyfug. And what's the point if you can just Im ag ine th at you have bee n asked t o draw up a
get money off your parents?. What you need to do is · set of ru les for makin g fa mily life run more
.
.

persuade your parents getting a job is 'a bad idea. smooth ly. Think about both pract ica l and
Weigh up.the advantages and disadvantages, so y,ou emotional issues.
sound like you've' thought it through and know what Write down two ru les for each of t he fo ll owi ng:
you're falking about. If you say; jobs are too hard and . .
boring and you'd rather be out partying (even though parents sibli ngs grandpare nts
that's true). you'll sound irresponsible and you're much
.less likely to get a raise. Iiistead, say a job would
interfere with y,ollll schoolwork. You'll score majov 2 Compa re your ru les w it h other gro ups. Dra w up
Points with your parents, as it sounds like you've got a set of four rules for each group t hat t he class
your priorities right. can ag ree on. 69
 l ' :\'IT 6 Family ties

Grammar 1: hypoth eti ca l 2 Now tel l your partner what you have read
about. Exchange texts and check each other's
meaning - wish answers .

1 3 Complete the fo ll owi ng sentences so that

1 There is a mistake in so me of t hese sentences. they are true for you . Tell another student your
Find the mistakes and correct them. answers, and answer any questions they may
have about your ideas.
1 I wish my dad co uldn 't always be so cross with me .
2 I wish I have an older brother. 1 I wish I was .
3 If only I could spend more time with my 2 I wish I wasn't .. .
grandparents! 3 I wish ... wou ldn 't .
4 Wou ld you rath er I will ca ll back later7 4 I wish I could .. .
5 It's definitely time the children go to bed. 5 It's high time I .. .
6 Don't you wish you had spent more time with your
great-g randmother? 4 Discuss these questions.
7 I wish I would stop eating chocolate ' What adva ntages might there be in living with a
8 Suppose nobody will come to th e party - I'd be grandparent?
really disappointed! 2 Do you think it might be easier to live with
9 I really wish I ca n play th e guitar ' someone older or someone younger than you?
Why7
2 Match each of the (corrected) se ntences above
3 Is it better to live in a large fami ly or a sma ll
to one of the following rules .
family? Why7fl/Vhy not7
a) We use wish + past simple to express a wish that is
not true in the present. We also use it to express
wishes that might come true in th e future.
Exam focus
b) We use wish + would to talk about other peopl e's
irritating habits, not our own. Paper 5 Speaking: collaborative task/
c) We use wish + could to ta lk about our own discussion (Parts 3 and 4)
irritating habits.
d) If only is used with the same verb forms as wish, About the exam: In Pape r 5, Part 3, you and you r
but ca n be used when your feeli ngs are strong er. partner discuss a situation or task outlined by t he
e) It's time or it's high time is used with the past interlocutor. You are given some pictures to base
simple to talk about th e present or the future. your discussion on, and asked to reach a decision.
f) I'd rather is used with the past simple when we say In Part 4, you and your partner discuss questions
what we want to happen in the present or future. from the inter locutor w hi ch extend the topic of
g) Suppose mea ns what if? We use it to describe Part 3.
something that may possibly happen or that may Suggested procedure
have happened.
1 Li sten carefu lly to the instructions for Part 3. If
h) We use wish + past perfect to refer to things we you don't understand w hat you have to do,
are sorry about in the past or that we regret ask the interlocutor to repeat the instructions.
i) We use wish + could to ta lk about an abi lity we 2 Discuss the visuals w ith your partner.
wo uld like to have . Remember t he task you have been given - it
w ill also appear as prompts on the visua ls
Grammar reference p.195 (7) sheet to remind you. As you have to ta lk for
about three mi nutes, you should discuss each
2 visual in turn in some detai l, and don't reac h a
1 Work with a partner. decision too qu ick ly. Yo u don't have to agree
Student A look at the text on page 189. w ith your partne1·, but remember to take turns
Student B look at the text on page 190 . when you discuss and to use a range of
Read your text quickly and find out what t he langu age.
family co nnection is. Then choose t he best 3 In Part 4, try to init iate di scussion as we ll as
alternatives to compl ete t he text. answer t he interlocutor's questions.

70
 UNIT 6 Family ties

1 You w ill hear two students doing part of a

Part 3 task. CH I LDHOOD INFLlJE N CES
~ 1 Look at the pictures on page 180 and listen to It's often claimed that the kind of childhood we
the interlocutor's instructions. What two things have, and what our backgrounds are, both play an
do the students have to do? important role (1) .................... how successful our
future relationships are. But is this so? Isn't it up to
@2 Now listen to the students, Pascale and
Fernando, do ing part of the task. Which one: us as individuals to decide (2) ................... the truth of
this - whether to let our upbringing, good or bad,
a) initiated discussion as well as responding?
determine the way we relate to those around usr
b) used th e best range of vocabulary and grammar7
According (3) .................... relationship expert Brian
Firstall, although a: difficult family life can impact
2
(4) ......... ........ later relationships, this does not mean
Work in groups of three. that the rest of our life has to be dictated
Stud ent A is the interlocutor. Turn to page ·182 and (5) .................... it. So are you convinced (6) .. ......... his
read the interlocutor's instructions.
theory? Or do you think that the way you are
Students B and C are the candidates. Look at th e
brought up inevitably leads (7) ............. the kind of
pictures on page 180. Remember to keep to the
time given by th e interlocutor. friends you make, and results (8) ...... ... ... the
partner you choose? And should your family have a
2 Discuss the activity. How wel l did the say (9) .................... your decisions or should they
cerid id cit~s ;ir>rfnrm7 \/\/h rit rlirl thr>v finrl ~iu111ly l1c ~· ·· ,.. 1 , , 11 ' .L - _,_ -~ --- ____ _
r dUM1c;u \ .l v J .................... Lill. l.UVll.l.~ y v Ll
difficu It? ,
make? Can you beneftl ( 11) . .... ...... their advicd
3 Form new groups, change roles and do the The bottom line according to Firstall is that it's up
task again. to you - you don't need to suffer ( 12) .
things that happened in your past.

Vocabulary 1: word +
preposition(s) 4 Some verbs can have more than one
preposition, but the meaning changes. Choose
1 Group these verbs according to the the best preposition to comp lete these sentences.
preposition t hey are usua lly followed by.
1 Th e photograph reminded me about I of a picture
I had seen in India .
refer congratulate pay apologise result
concentrate boast benefit coincide 2 It was such a bad design that I complained to I
refrain suffer specialise insist confide about the architect the next tim e I met her.
confess react apply compare contrast 3 I hadn't heard about I from my friend for ages so I
worry learn sent her a card to make sure she was all right.
4 We all agreed on I with the time and place to meet
before the show.
2 5 I arrived late for th e dinner party, but when I
1 Read th e text. According to Brian Firsta ll, apolog ised for I to my host she was very
whose influ ence is t he strongest? understanding.
6 I saw the job advertised on the web and I
2 Read the t ext again and comp lete the gaps immediately decided to apply to I for it.
with t he missing preposition.
5 Discuss these questions.
3 Who has t he greatest influence on you,
1 How important do you think the opinion of your
friends or fami ly? Wh ose influence lasts the
fam ily should be in your own re lationships?
longest?
2 Have yo u ever dated someone or had a friend
whose family you did or didn't like? What
happened?

71
UN IT (, Family ti es

Reading 2: multiple
choice (Part 1)
1
Look at th ese sentences.
Whi ch describ es a nu clea r
family and whi ch describ es
an ext end ed family ?
a) It was a large rambling old
house in which four
generations of th e sa me
fa mily lived togeth er,
including an unmarri ed aunt
and two cousins who had
come to the city to study. When Pooja Arya got married 25 A combination of shifting social
b) It was a small surburban nearly three years ago, there was no mores and economic changes has
vill a, typical of th e area , and question of moving in with her in- pushed Arya's generation towards a
inside lived an equally typi ca l laws, as most young women in more modern lifestyle that includes
fa mily: mother, father and 5 India do followin g their wedding home ownership.
two school-age children. day. 'My husband and I are both 30 One of the main drivers of the
independent-minded,' she says. trend is an evolving credit business,
2 What are th e advantages 'I thought it would be more fun which now gives young Indians
and disadvantages of to live on our own .' access to home loans, not
living in either a nuclear 10 After renting a place for 18 previously available. Rising
or an extended family; for months,Arya, a camera operator for 35 employment and the need for a
parents, chi ldren and a popular television channel, and more mobile workforce means that
other family members? her financial journalist husband professionals must frequently move
were able to purchase a brand new to a city different from the one
3 Which is typica l of your
15 flat in Gurgaon, a suburb of New where they grew up to pursue a
country? Are thing s
Delhi that has sprung up over the 40 career - Mumbai for finance, say, or
changing? Why?/Why not?
last decade, as multi-national Bangalore for technology. Women
companies set up hearlq11 i1 rtPrs have also taken on jobs in droves
2 Read the three texts and call centres in what had been in the past decade, giving rise to
which are about families in 20 an undeveloped area south of the India's own Oinks - double income,
different parts of th e world . capital. 45 no kids - who have enough money
Choose th e answer (A, B, C And they are not alone among to leave the home they once shared
or D) whi ch fits best young Indian couples in forsaking with mummy and papa and cover a
according to th e text. the joint-family system. monthly mortgage payment.

1 For the writer, Pooja Arya provides an exam ple of a woman who
A was unusual in decid ing to go against convention.
B was determined to break with estab lished tradition.
C was influenced by peer pressu re to change her lifestyle.
D was instrumenta l in starting a trend that is now widespread.
2 In th e text as a whole, the writer is
A accou nting fo r social changes that he reg rets in India.
B argui ng in favour of a more fl exible fa mily structure in India.
C providing an explanati on for a marked change in some Indian li festyles.
D blaming fore ign infl uences for undermini ng trad itional Ind ian fam ily
patterns.
 ' UNIT 6 Fam ily t ies

~xBack
.:.:.: ____ _
~
forW'~rd
'3·
RE-load
:a
Horn~
a
$o;> arch
~
llft s.:: ~ p i'
r~L
:·.· i·;~,
cl
Print
cg)~
Secur ity
@!.
Shor1
?,;
"--...
;. ;.

so the extended family is set to make a comeback in .. I ®iJ.

Britain, research * carried out by a building society

reveals. It is easy to see why: grown-up cnildren can't Guest speaker Charlotte Allen brought a wholly unexpected
afford to move out of thefamily home, what with message to the College in her talk on March 29. Traditional
-
5
booming property_prices and student loans to pay ba~~;
extended fami lies allowed women more freedom, privacy, power
grandparents are living longer and can't afford the cost
and self-worth than they ga in from the fragmented families and
of residential care.
5 communities produced by the modem 'cult of self-fulfilment,' she
some might see this as a good thing: children can bond argued.
with their grandparents, who are so m~ch wiser'a~d
10 more patienMhan their parents. And if there is child'.-a~e Extended fami lies have been th e basic social unit worldwide and
to be done, the old .folks are there to do it, in return Jor throughout history, even when peop le physica lly reside in nuclear
being looked after themselves. Think of all the money to households Allen claimed, citing severa l stud ies. People in such
be saved. 10 fami lies have important relationships with different family
.'
But as someone who spent the early years of childhood members, so that their self-worth and con ten tm ent do not depend
15 in just such a set~up, believe me, it's 'not all good news.
on a lifelong emoii onal and intelleclua l 1un1ance witl1 t11 eir· spouses.
For the firsdour years of my life I lived in the villa in
Budapest that my mother had built during her heyday as Allen described a way of life that is now large ly aba ndoned in the
a popular singer in the .late 1930s. Her father, a village . - West. It was characterised by fami lies * bound by duty and
headmaster, had contributed to the building costs _and 15 necessity rath er th an by a quest for self-fulfil ment They were
2o planned to move there with his wife, my grandmother, economically productive un its in which women did socially
when he retired. This they did, in 1948. By then my respected work in or nea r th e home, children helped with chores,
narenfs had married and soon they had two children. <>nrl n lrl P r nPnn lo h P lno rl r,;, ic::o rh ilrlron
- ··· - - · - · - · r - - r· - ·· - ·1 --· · ~ - -- - ···· - · - ···

I learnt much later - when I was old enough to

understand such things - that as soon as my Allen read an excerpt by feminist author Germaine Greer that
2s grandparents moved in, life got _worse.for my father. My 20 described a mid-20th-cen tur y Italian family. The married coupl e
stern Victorian grandfather felt that as he _ha.d° paid in . grew apart as their romance wore off, but maintained a web of
part for the villn, he was a rightftil owner, the real head relationsh ips with in-laws , siblings and parents_ In contrast, Al len
of the 'household and my father *. little more than ·a
I explained, American women who moved to th e suburbs after World
tenant He answered the phcine whh the words 'Racz War II found th emselves iso lated from any extend ed fam ily or
30 residence'
.
' .(his own name);
\ .. and
. wheri1a frien~i ofmY, " ,, 25 comm unity. Their on ly long-tem1 relationships were witl1in tile
parents gaye them a·hahdsome wroughHron nameplate household, and they were forced into inescapable intimacy with
bearing.both their surnames, it vanished from the front only one person_ Their husbands became their only so urce of ad ult
gate within days, never.to be seen again.. ' conversation . Suddenly, women began noticing that men weren't
'supportive', or 'responsive', and didn't share their fee li ngs. Their
30 discontent focused on the on ly fam ily relationships they had left.
3 In this arti cle, the writer is seeking to
A cha llenge certain predictions made by
researchers.
B explain why recent research may be
inaccurate in its findings_ 5 The writer thinks that the theme of Charlotte Al len's ta lk
may
J C provide a counter argument to some
conclusions reached by researchers_ A come as someth ing of a surp rise to his readers_
D highlight possible consequences of B confirm his readers' negative feelings about the nuclear
social changes identified by researchers_ family.
C contradict his readers' positive ideas about the
4 What does the writer's anecdote about the
extended fam ily_
nameplate illustrate 7
D make his readers recon sider other beliefs they have
A how unaware th e fam il y's friend s were about family life_
of their difficu lties
B how unreasonable she feels her 6 Charlotte Al len mentioned Germaine Greer's work to
grandfather's behaviour was_ emphasise the point that the nuclear fami ly
C how aware she was as a child of A has reduced th e statu s of women in th e community
tensions within the fami ly_ B has ch anged the attitude of men to th eir families.
D how hard her father tried not to offend C never real ly existed until the last fifty years.
his wife's family. D puts too much pressure on one relationship
73
 VN IT 6 Family ti es
·----·-·------·------~

3 2 Comp lete t he se nten ces using a substitute

word from t he bo x. Und erlin e the word (s) the
1 Look aga in at your list of adva ntages and
substitute word rep laces .
disadvantages from Exe rci se 1.2. After read ing
the t exts, do you want to add any points?
it one do th ere that so neither not
Have you changed your mind about any of
them?
2 Find th e words in co lumn A in the texts. Match Example:
them to their meaning in the context of the Do you think Joe will remember Kath's birthday?
articl e in B. I'm not sure - he might ..d.o .. .
A B I'll be at the th eatre at 7 p.m. tonight.
1 in-laws (text 1 line 3) a) customs Good - I'll meet you ..
2 forsaking (text 1 line 23) b) large numbers 2 Are you going to go out with Jim again 7
3 mores (text 1 line 26) c) get close to I think ...... - he was very nice1
4 droves (text 1 line 42) d) best times 3 I can't decide whether to buy a new car or a
5 is set to (text 2 line 1) e) broken up second-hand .. . There are pros and cons on
both sides !
6 booming (text 2 line 5) f) reduced
4 Jack asked me whether I was going to the dance
7 bond (text 2 line 8) g) increasing
or .................... .
8 heyday (text 2 line 17) h) giving up
5 Nils lost his job on Friday. .. ......... was a real shock
9 frag mented (text 3 line 4) i) brothers and sisters
as his employers gave him no warning.
10 spou ses (text 3 line 12) j) looks likely
6 They aren't going to th e party, and .. .............. are we.
11 wore off (text 3 line 21) k) husbands or wives
7 It's a difficult decision, but I th in k I'll take the job -
12 siblings (text 3 line 22) I) husba nd 's or wife's
.................... means I ca n move to be nearer my family.
family
Ellipsis
Grammar 2: substitution/ellipsis We often leave words out to avoid repetition .
This is called ellipsis, and it improves the style
1 of the sentence.

1 Look back at the texts on pages 72 and 73.

What do the following words in bold in the · ·3 · Whid1 words or phrases have been missed
texts refer to? out in each of these sentences? Add the missing
words or phrases and compare the two
the one (text 1, line 38) 5 such (text 3, line 9)
sentences. Which version reads better to you ?
2 this (text 2, line 8) 6 It (text 3, line 14)
3 such (text 2, line 15) 7 They (text 3, line 15) 1 She was planning to visit her cousin on Saturday,
4 such (text 2, line 24) 8 Their (text 3, line 29) but now she can't ..
2 They feel tired but .. ...... ......... very happy with
2 Look at the texts aga in . Three places are th e decision they reached.
marked with a *. In each place, a different 3 Kate is leaving on Thursday, but she will email to
word or phrase is understood by the reader tell you why ........
but has been left out of the text by the writer. 4 Borrow as many books as you want ... ..
Wh at word or words have been missed out in
5 That laptop belongs to John. This ......... .................. is
each case?
mine.
6 He promi sed to ema il me, but he hasn't
Substitution
We often try to avoid repeating a word or 7 If you can ... ... . , call me when you get
expression that has already been used, as it there.
improves the style of what we are saying. To 8 I'm sorry I got annoyed - I didn't mean to
do this, we can use other words instead, e.g. it,
one, do, there, that, so, neither, not. These
connect phrases and sentences. Grammar reference p.197 (14)

74
 lJ NIT 6 Family ties

4 Each of these dia logues has a mistake. Find 6

the mistakes and correct them. Work with a partner. One of the responses in
A: Are you going to move house? each of these dialogues is not possib le. Cross it
B: No, I'm afra id I can't afford. out, then read the dialogue together, th inking
2 A: I've managed to fix the broken mp3 player. about the word stress in each response.
B: Well, I think we should get a new It'll never be Do you think Sue will visit the UK again?
the sa me againI a) She might.
3 A: Tell Peter I want to speak to him, please. b) She might do.
B No problem. I rlo c) She might do it.
4 A: Who does this book belong to 7 d) She might not.
B: I th ink it's Karen's one. 2 Can I buy you a drink7
5 A: We all seem to have mo re free time than we a) No thanks, I've just had.
used to. b) No thanks, I've just had one.
8: Do you think? I'm not so sure! c) No thanks, I shouldn't.
6 A: Do you think the traffic wil l be bad on d) No thanks, I don't want one.
Satu rday?
3 Were you planning to visit us on Su nday7
B: I expect it because people will be trying to drive
a) No, but I can do.
to the beach as it's hot.
b) No, but I can.
c) No, but I can think about it.
lr!P! Look out for ellips is and substitution in
[. reading tasks.
2 Write your own two- line dia logues, beg inning
with the fo ll owing questions. Then practise
5 Work with a partner. Decide how the reading them with your partner.
fo ll owing text can be improved in style by using Do you th ink you wil l do that again 7
substitution or ell ipsis. 2 Can I help you 7
3 Were you planning to come to the party?

listening 2
1
1 Look at these adjectives. Which do you think

w~ll~ocument~~ ~ rcl~tionships ~~:e:'

describe typically female characteristics and
which describe typica ll y ma le characteristics?
.· .· ;t IB
Are any of them equa lly ma le and fema le?
children and their parent:;;' .furidamentally affect
children's behaviour as adults. But now the sensible emotional aggressive determined
importance of the relationships between children adventurous cautious technically-minded
and their parents is being challenged as new
decisive caring contrary reliable
research shows that a child's relationship with its
siblings may have a more important effect on a sensitive stubborn
child's future adult behaviour.
Psychologist Francine Klagsbrun says: 'Our 2 Compare your ideas with another student.
relationship with our siblings is unmatchable. Our 3 Discu ss these questions.
siblings are there whether we like our siblings or
Do you th ink people are born with typically male or
whether we don't like them. Other relationships
change - parents die, friends drift away, marriages female characteristics, or are these a result of their
break up, but the relationship with siblings carries upbringing7
on and the memories of life that has been shared 2 Wou ld you want your children to have typica lly
with our siblings remain with us long after 'ma le' or 'female' cha racte ristics7
childhood has ended.' 3 Shou ld parents consciously try to influence their
ch ildren's attitudes and behaviour7
75
 U:'\ IT (> Family ti es

2 Exam focus
Q1 Li ste n to a mother spea kin g and decide Paper 3 Use of English: key word
wh eth er she would agree or disag ree w it h transformation s (Part 5)
each of th ese statements.
Husba nds and wives should share the job of Abo ut the exam: In Pape r 3, Part 5, you are given
brin ging up th eir children. a sentence and asked to co mplete a seco nd on e
2 My daughters seem to have very different interests usin g a 'key word'. Th e mea ning of th e second
and ch aracters. se nte nce mu st be simil ar to th e f irst. You must
3 I' m worri ed about my eldest daughter's behaviour. use 3- 6 wo rd s, in cluding th e key word, wh ich
you must not change in any way. This t ask t ests
4 I like my daughters to wear pretty clothes.
your knowl edge of grammatical structures,
Q2 Listen again. Gaynor describes her daughter as voca bulary and different ways of expressing th e
a 'tomboy'. Wh at has she noticed about: sa me idea .
a) Megan's physical appearance? Suggested procedu re
b) Megan's behaviour?
1 Read th e t wo sentences and the key word.
Thin k about w hat information included in th e
3
f irst se ntence is missing in the second
C) 1 Now listen to a second mother speak ing and sente nce.
decide whether she would agree or disagree 2 Fill in t he miss in g words, being careful to keep
with each of these statements. t he meanin g th e same.
Girls are easier to bring up than boys. 3 Check th at you have not
2 It's wrong to have ambitions for your children - 0 chang ed t he key word
they need to find their own. " ch anged the meaning
3 Husbands and wives shou ld share the job of o written more than six words (contractions
bringing up their ch ildren . count as t wo)
4 I don't want my son to become a typica l male. o made any unn ecessary changes, e.g. to

5 My husband and I have the same attitudes towards t enses

our son's upbringing. • made any spell ing mistakes.

@2 Listen aga in . Mari e ta lks about boys behaving For questions 1- 8, complete the second sentence
differently to girls. What examples does she so that it has a similar meaning to the first
give: sentence, using the word given. Do not change
the word given. You must use between three and
a) of her brothers' behaviour!
six words, including the word given. There is an
b) of her son's behaviour?
example at t he beginning (0) .
4 Look at these extracts from the listening Example:
texts. What do you think the highlighted words
0 What are the chances of the film winning an
mean?
Osca r' LIKELY
1 My husband Rh odri is the breadwinner.
How .like.. lyJs..it.t.hii!t..t.hl'J..ff/m will win an Oscar'
2 Women who mollycoddl e th eir sons turn th em into
awfu l husbands. 1 Fewer people live in extended fam ily units in this
3 My husband's afra id he'll be picked on at school if co untry nowadays. COMMON
he's too soft. It is ..................................................... to live in extended fami ly
units in thi s country nowa days.
5 Discuss these questions.
2 I don't thin k yo u'll find it hard to find Cynthia's
In what ways are Gaynor's and Marie's attitudes: house. DIFFICULTY
• the same? I don 't thin k ...... .............................................. finding Cynthia's
• different? house.
2 Which of th em do you think has th e lJesl attitude 3 My brother Sam was very surprised to be offered
towards brin ging up th eir children7 th e job. CAME
The job offer ..... . ..... ....... my brother Sam
76
 UN IT (, Family ti es

4 I don't mind where we decide to go for our 2 Compl ete t he se ntences using t he correct form of
fami ly holiday th is year. DIFFERENCE one of the words from Exercise 1.
It doesn't ................ .................. ... ... ................ where we He booked a table at an expensive restaurant .... ... .. to
decide to go for our family holiday this year celebrate their anniversa ry.
5 Gaynor's friends persuaded her not to get 2 I had an acciden t with my sister's ca r and now it's a
marri ed in spring. TALKED write-off - it's completely .. ... ..... now.
It was Gaynor's friends .. 3 Could you .......... the table while I get the food readyJ
getting married in sprin g 4 Sometim es writers don't state exactly what they think -
you have to ... .. ..... it from th eir choice of words.
6 Why did nobody tell me that the match had
5 I'll have to stop at the bank because I've got ....... .. any
been cance lledJ INFORMED
cash on me.
Why . ... . . . ..... the cance llation of
6 The story about the homeless fam ily had a tremendou s
the matchJ
.......... on me. I was extremely upset.
7 Cindy intends to com plain about the service 7 immig1·<itio11 officers have to .......... the passports of all
in that restaurant. GOING the members of fa milies enterin g th e country, even
Cindy .............. ........... ................... complaint about children.
the service in that resta urant. 8 My clothes feel very ... ... .... since I lost some weight.
9 He has no .......... and wil l do anything at all to make
8 Could I borrow your umbrella th is even ing,
money.
please J LEND
10 I have very happy ........ .. of fa mily holidays at th e
Wo11ld ... thi s PVPninQ.
Uedlf l uu rirt i,J 111y Li1 iiui1uuu .
please?

Vocabulary 2: easily confused

words
1
1 Work with t hree other students. Choose
one of the groups of words A- D below.
Use your dictionary if necessa ry to find
the differences in mean ing between the
words in each pair. Check th e
pron unciatio n, part of speech and any
col locations as well as th e mea ning of
each word .
A compare I contrast; childish I childlike;
affect I effect; specia lly I especially
B prescription I receipt; principle I principal;
lonely I alone; memory I souvenir
C lie I lay; raise I ri se; practise I practice;
loose I lose
D worthless I priceless; imply I infer;
hard I hardly; check I control
11
2 Work w ith three students who have
stud ied different groups of words.
Exp lain the difference between th e words
in t he pa irs in your group.

77
 Ci\'IT (, Family ties
--·---------------..--

Writing: competition entry (Part 2)

You see th is announcement in an international
About the exam: In Paper 2, Part 2, you may be family maga zine.
asked to write an en t ry to a compet ition of some 'Best member of any fami ly ever!' award
kind . 'Competiti on entri es ' are not a separate
text type, but can invo lve writing a description, We wa nt yo u to no min ate one of t he members
an articl e, a revie w or a narrative. W hatever the of your fa mily fo r o ur 'Best member of any
text type, it is important to rnake what you wr ite fa mily ever!' aw ard. Se nd us yo ur co mpetit ion
as interesting and engaging for the reader as entry, te lling us abo ut you r nominati o n. Yo ur
poss ible, and to include reason s why your entry entry should :
should be chosen. Rememb er, you are entering a • describe wh at th e member of your fa mil y is
co111petition, so you have to persuade th e judges like
that you should w in! • expl ain wh at th ey co ntribute t o fam il y life
and how
1 • t ell us why th ey deserve to win th e aw ard .
1 How do you think you can make your writing Write your competition entry in 22 0-2 60
interesting for a comp etition entry? Choose words.
the best ideas from th e list below.
a) use interestin g and va ri ed vocabu lary
b) t hink about you r ta rget reader
I have a. fanf(bfiC brofher, Gianni, and I would like lfOU
c) use a ve ry fo rmal style
fo consider 11/m for the '& :A member of a.nv fa.m111f
d) use a variety of different stru ctures ever !' a.ward beCaJ.J5e I a.m 5Ure fha.f there ;s no-one
e) link ideas log ica lly and cl ea rl y who d eserVes if more.
f) use hea dings and bullet points Fir5f I 'd like fo fell vou a.bout his persona.lliflf· He 's
g) use direct quotations and anecdotes kind, thou3hfful and never in a. bad mood. fie looks on
fhe bri:Jht 5ide of evervfhin:J, trvin3 fo cheer ofl1er
h) use rh etori ca l questions
people Up when fhelf a.re 5ad On one oCCa.5ion he went
i) include persuasive argument or explanation of w hy ouf of hi5 wa_v fo help a. friend who was in froUble,
you should win even thou3h he wa.5 3oin3 fhrou3h 5ome difiCU/f fime5
him5elf fie ha.5 had. some health problems, buf a.lwa.vs
2 Whi ch two ideas on t he list wo uld not be ma.ke5 li:Jhf of the problem5 ~.
appropri at e for any of t he four text t ypes
However, if is whaf he brin:J5 fo fa.mill/ M e fha.f makes
g iven above? Which o ne is vita l for any him 5o 5pecia./. fie ;5 fhe o/de5t 5hlin:J of the fa.millf
co mpetition ent ry ? (there a.re fNe of U5) and ifOU m,3hf fhink fha.f he
would prefer fo 5pend fime wifh hi5 friend5. &Ji he
2 Look back at sectio n D of t he text on doe5n 't do thi5 ~ /Jo, he look.5 after the voun3 siblin:Js~,
a.cfin:J a.s a. ba.blf5ifer a.5 well a.5 a. role model. When I
page 69 . Find an exa mple of :
had problem5 wifh bultfin:J a.f 5Chool, he was the fir5f
• a rhetorica l question fo 5Upporf me and help me sort if ouf with the bullie5
• a quotation Wha.f he 50,id fo fhe bullie5 ~ wa.5 incredible !

• informal la nguage . fie d eserVes fo win fhe a.ward beca.U5e of hi5

se/f/esne55 and hi5 f hou3hffulnes People sa.v fha.t /,e
is o. bn3hf 1,3hf in fhe world, {}J1d for me fhi5 i5
3 Look at t he task, and t he co mpetit io n entry
ceda.inlv frue.
t hat w as writte n in answer to t he task .
Gi{}Jmi i5 def,nifellf fhe be5f member of anv fa.m1llf
1 How is t he writ ing organ ised? Wh at is the anvwhere, and I hope fha.t vou will see Id fo reward
purpose of:
----
, ... -··
him a.5 I know he d e5erVes.
·- .-.....
··- /'' .:...... .. ··--' . _,,.,.... .,,. .!
..
• t he first parag raph 7 • the last paragraph?
4 Write your own answer to the task.
2 Rep lace express ions marked w it h * usin g any
Re member to make yo ur answer interestin g by
o ne of t he th ree lin guistic devices in Exercise 2,
using ling uistic devices from Exercise 2, and to
o r w ith substit ut ion.
persuade th e judges t o pi ck your entry by
3 Fin d six spell ing mistakes with doub le in cludin g a f in al persuas ive sentence. Check yo ur
consona nts. spellin g w hen yo u have f inished .

78 Writing reference p.209

 UNIT
Review
1 Read t he text below and t hin k of the word wh ich
best fits each ga p. Use only one word in each ga p. There
is an exa mple at t he beg in ning (0) .

P.assport, money, tickets; these are all . ~ssential items to pack (0) ..wh~n. you're off on a
family holiday. A mobile ph0ne, (1) .................... ,is a different;matter, especially if ~veryone at ·
WOJk has·the number. Theoretically, it €2) """""""";"' 'to be possible for sti;essed-out managers to
a.
. have phone-free fortnight without interruptions. (3) ...............,.... reality, go to any
Mediterranean 'beach hotel where British families.st.ay .and you'll be co~fronted by the"
pathetic' sight of hu.sbands and fathers wandering_ around the :pool (4) ...........:........ mobile phones· ..
. clamped to their ears, saying things (5) ....................:: '.It's in the third drawer down, next to the
pencils,' or 'l thought that co~tFact went off last Wecjnesclay.' .

·'T'" +ho l"'onC";+;,. ,a "'h"a~1u>r· thara ·f'eo o:i trorrf,.. 1nvt':lnf'\c1t1nn hPhUPPn thP hP!:lllt'1 Af thP
.J..V L.L.LV .,JV.L.U,U,\.J.TV ....,~UVI.. , ....... \..A.l..VAV .&U ..... .,.._,._z::t'".., J ...... ..,.,.....,..t''°''"'• "" -....,.,- - - - : · ,- - - : - - _. ____ J - - - - - - ,.

surroundings, with the family all enj_oying tl1emselves together (6) ..........:.......: once, and the dull
·mundanity of the issues (7) ..................... discussion. ·To (8) .................... inatters worse, ;:i quirk of
ri19bile phone pricing means these poor fathers probably end. (9) .................... paying for the call
that's .come..befween (10) ..................:. and qu'ality tim~ with ~he family. .
. . . . . " . :- . · ~-

· Some, it's true, do try to resist (11) ....:.'..:........... pull of the phone; carrying it ar~und with them ·.
but leaving it switched off. (1'2) .......:............ they.·get back to the hotel.. The trouble (13) ...........,........ , -
. they sperid the whole day wondering who (14) ,,\,,,,,,'...::...... have ·called~ and.then tlie wh9le
evening in a Stilte of foustration because ~veryone .has now left the office and.they can't
(15) ....................
.
back them
.
to
fot
.
ano.ther six:te~n hour.s. ~.·~
0

2 Find words or expressions in t he text that

mea n t he sa me as:
under a lot of pressure
2 everyd ay and boring
3 a strange feature
4 return someone's ca ll

3 Each of t hese sente nces conta ins a wro ng

word . Find the words and correct t hem.
1 The pri nciple reason fo r the mistake was carelessness.
2 The doctor gave me a receipt to take to th e chemist.
3 I've lost such a iot of weight recently that ail my
clothes are lose.
4 Although it's not worth anything, that fami ly
photograph is worthless to me.
5 When he called he inferred that he would help us,
though he didn't actually do anyth ing.

Go to www.iTests.com or your CD-ROM for interactive exam practice. 79

 UNIT

7 Creative talents

Exam focus @ 1 Yo u will hea r a loca l ra di o announ ce ment about a

ch aritable event ca ll ed Th e Cow Parade. For questi ons
Paper 4 Listening: sentence 1-8, co mp let e th e sentences.
completion (Part 2}

About the exam: In Pa per 4, Part 2, you

hea r someo ne g iving a ta lk. A set of eight
se nte nces summ ari ses inform at ion from
he.co · . . . ·. .

t he ta lk. In each sentence, a word or short ·Tonight's programme is abot,it the city's twentieth
.. ·. . • annual . .. .:...... ~....:,.............:.......:........... .(1)
phrase is mi ss ing. As yo u list en, you
com plete th e ga ps in th e sentences with Fibreglass cows, (lecorated in a wide range of .
th e mi ss in g in fo rm ation . You hea r th e . .. .......:..:..:..................::...................... (2) and colours, wili be' Gn
w ords w hi ch you need to write on t he . . . .show around the city.
reco rd in g, but you don't hea r th e exact · rhe origina.1creat9i of the co~s was~ ........ ..:..........,.......... ~: ." ..:.·..........:.'....(3)
se nte nces in t he task . Th ey are a summ ary
. .· . .. by occupation.
of what you hea r. ,A zoo, a gi;lll.ery an·d a.............,:.........,..:.. :................... ,.......... (4) are given'
Suggested procedure '. as examples of l oca l fir~s: spon?orin g c,ows. '··
·., .
1 Look at t he rubri c and t he t ask hea ding. . ;At the ~nd of the'E;vent, up to .............:,............................:.. ~:......... (5).bf
Thin k about wh o you wi ll hea r, th e •• · • · th~ cow~ will be.sold ·in . a charity auction .
: .. «

co ntext (i .e. is it a radi o programm e, a . .1n 2(i)©3; a' cow decorat~d with small pieces of .
lecture, etc.?) and t he t opi c. :., '.: , .·· · · -... ....... ....:......:.,.........L ......:.........:.... (6)' sold for a recorq pric~ • • · ~
~· -~.. ~
2 Afte r hea rin g t he rubri c, you have t ime . . • -' . . .: ' . . • ' ,· • I '

One of the main .charities benefiting from .the even.t gives:aid to ·

t o read t hrough th e questions. Thin k
1 ..............,.. :., ....: .. :·'................ :........ ::.(7) in poor co.untrifs.
abo ut t he t ype of inform ation t hat is
mi ssing in each one. Fo r exa mple, is it . At events ~ailed ......·.......,.....................:.....:.'...:.......... (8), children.will dern~ate a ··
an object, a pl ace, a perso n or a cow w!th thumbnail photos.
nu mber?
3 Read t he who le sentence, in clud ing
any word s afte r the gap .
4 Liste n to t he record in g. The sente nces
are in t he sa me ord er as t he ta lk - use
them to fo ll ow th e speaker. Comp lete
any gaps you're sure of, but re member
you' ll hear the recording aga in.
5 Ea ch answer is a singl e word or a very
short phrase (e.g. a noun w ith
adjectives) . Don 't try to write long
answers, or you w ill miss t he next one.
You are listening for the missing
information - so don't w rite words
already in the sentence.
6 Li sten again to check your answers and 2 Wh o do you t hin k might buy t he cows? Do you
comp lete any mi ssin g ga ps. think they have any artistic value?
7 Check your answers. Do they make
comp lete se nse in t he se nte nce? Check, @ 3 Li st en aga in and make a note of words t hat mea n
for exa mp le, whether answers shou ld be t he sa me as:
sin gular or plural and that your spelli ng the entrance hall of a large public building.
is correct 2 money ra ised at a cha ri tab le event
80
 UXIT 7 Creative talents
----------

vocabulary 1: phrasal verbs 3 Discuss ·these questions.

Would you like to have henna art on you r
1 Look at th is sentence from t he listening and body 7 Why? NVhy not?
answer the questions below. 2 Do you thin k that anything that is tem porary
You may even have spotted the odd multi-coloured cow has any real value?
popping up in unexpected places.
1 Wha.t difference wou ld substituting standing for popping
up make to how interesting the sentence is? Speaking 1: two-way
2 WhJt is the difference between the phrasa l verbs pop up conversation (Part 3)
and pop out? What idea do they share?
1 In Part 3 of t he Speaking paper you
2 have to work together. It is very im portant
1 Read the text. What is henna? What is it used for? to discuss each picture in turn before
negotiating a decision. The expressions in
the box are useful for moving the discussion
on from one picture to another.

Why don't we talk about them all in turn 7

Let's move on ...
That's as much as we can say about that.
What about the next ... /
This one is interesting. What do you think
about ... ?
Have you any other ideas about this?
Let's go back to ...

2 Work with a partner. Discuss the

fo ll owing task. Remember to move t he
discussion on and ta lk about all the pictures
onpage181 .

I'd like you to imagine that there is a plan to

·open an arts centre in a sma ll town. The idea
is that this will attract visitors to the area.
Here are some of the things the organisers
are considering as possible exhibits. Talk
together about whether these are appr.opriate
things to exhibit in an arts centre. Then ·
decide which four might attract most visitors.

3 Discuss these questions.

Shou ld towns invest money in arts centres, or
in new businesses/ Why7NVhy not?
2 What kind of art do you li ke? Why?
3 Some people say that ali art is a waste of
time. Wh at do you think7
4 Do you th in k art should sti ll be taught in
schools/ Why7NVhy not?
2 Choose the best phrasal verbs to complete the text.
5 Should artists be paid more or less money
3 What is the meaning of the phrasal verbs you did not than singers or actors? Why7NVhy not!
choose7 Check in a dictionary if you are not sure. Then
write a sentence to show the meaning of each one.
81
 C\'IT 7 Creative ta lents
·---------·

Reading : multipl e choice (Part 3)

1 Discuss th ese questions.
How have our ideas about what is art been changed
by technology 7
2 Do you think a computer game cou ld be considered
as a work of art? Why?/Why not?
3 What aspects of computer games wou ld you vi ew as
a) artistic b) technica l/

2
1 Read the articl e about computer games quick ly.
Do these people (A-D) believe that the games
are an artform or not?
A Nie Kelman C John De Margheriti
B Roger Ebert D Steve Stamatiadis
2 You are going to read an article about
computer games. Choose the answer (A, B, C
or D) which you think fits best according to
the text. 5 Robert Ebert thinks that computer games should
not be considered as art because
1 What is the aim of the Friday afternoon sessions
described in the first paragraph? A they are essentially interactive in nature.
B they do not present sophisticated ideas to the
A to find out if a new game is working properly
end user.
B to allow non-specia lists to try out new games
C they are created by teams of people rather
C to give the game designers a chance to interact than by ind ividuals.
D to give employees a break from intense D they are created by people with technical
concentration rather than artistic skills.
2 What does the word 'it' in line 30 refer to? 6 For John De Margheriti, the artistic value of a
A a theory put forward hy Nir KPlman com rutpr o;:imp rrin hP mP.asured by
B the total effect a computer game can have A the complexity of the goals the player is set.
C the video game as a form of entertainment. B the degree to which a player gets involved
D th e artisti c value of certa in parts of computer in it.
games C the nature of the world that is created by the
3 In the third paragraph, the writer suggests that the designer.
computer games industry D the extent to which the designer's original
vision is rea lised.
A has a lot to learn from the film industry.
B is fast becoming a part of the film industry. 7 At the end of the final paragraph, the writer
C is more commercially driven than the film industry. reveals that he agrees with
D has yet to achieve the high status of the film A Stamatiadis's doubts about the content of most
industry. computer games.
4 According to the writer, why is Miyamoto compared B Ebert's reservations about considering
to the filmmaker D. W. Griffith? computer games as art.
C Kelman's analysis of the state of the computer
A He has employed a similar style in his work.
games industry.
B He has gained the respect of fi lm en thu siasts.
D De Margheriti's point about the functions of
C He has introduced ways of working that have
artforms.
influenced others.
D He has pioneered the use of a shifting perspective 3 Which of the arg uments do you find most
in computer games. convincing ? Why?

82
UNIT 7 Creative talents

83
l rNIT 7 Creative tal ents

3 Speaking 2: individual long

1 Find word s or phrases in the articl e that mea n the turn (Part 2)
same as:
1 not very we ll dressed (para 1) 1 Read the following task.
2 concentrating hard (para 1)
Here are some photographs of people looking
3 come from (para 1)
at pictures. Compare two of the photographs
4 lively (para 1)
and say what the people might be enjoying
5 mistakes (para 1) about the pictures, and how long the pictures
6 harmless (para 3) might be on show.
7 very impressive (para 3)
8 stealing (para 3)
9 was the first to try something (para 4) 2 In the exam you have to ta lk on your
own for about a minute. What do you think
10 very excited (para 5)
you shou ld spend most time on in this task?
11 makes a comparison (para 6)
12 involving (para 6) a) describing what you can see in the picture
b) speculating on what the people might be
2 Complete these sentences using the correct form enjoying
of one of the words from the article.
c) speculating on how long the pictures might
An ..................... discussion followed the talk about computer be on show
games.
2 Sandra was so ...... ....... ....... on her work that she failed to TIP! You should try to use a range of
realise that everyone else had gone home. language and functions, so on ly describe
3 Petra found a . ........... in the dress material, so took it what you can see very briefly otherwise
back to the shop. you will not have time to speculate. Try
4 The view from the hotel balcony was absolutely ...... . to organise your ta lk clearly, using th e
5 Toni's grandfather was the first to .. ... the use of task to help you. The task is summarised
computers in th is country. on the exam paper to help you .
6 I found that book completely ..... . ...... and couldn't put
it down.
 UN IT 7 Creative talents

3 Grammar 1': ways of referring to

Choose two of the pictures on these pages and the future
make a note of everything you want to say
about them in order to complete the task. 1
Don't write full sentences.
1 Read the following dialogue and decide if one
Example: or both of the alternative future forms are
Pie 2 people just looking possible .
Pie 3 father and daughter talking about the art
A: So, what (1) are you doing I do you do this
2 Exchange your notes with a partner. Expand weekend I
your partner's notes into complete sentences, B: Well, there's this brand new purpose-bu ilt gallery
using linking words and phrases from the box. that I've been reading about - it (2) opens I is
opening on Friday, so I (3) 'm going I go there on
whereas although but similarly Saturday. Apparently they (4) exhibit I are
conversely in contrast exhibiting a collection of some amazing an imal art.
A: An imal art! What's that? I've never heard of it.
. I
B: Nor me! But I've been checking it out on the
4
Internet, and there is a lot of information about it.
Return your sentences to your partner. Discuss I want to find out enough to understand what
your sentences. Then each complete the task I (5) 'm going to see I will be seeing in the
......
\l\1i+hf"l11t lf"\ AL,- i nrt '.:l t
~~- · ~~ '""~ ~-
\t f"\ 11 r
,~~· ~~ .. ..
contonror '.:ln".lin
-~ ~~~ ~~~""

Speak for about a minute. A: So do you th ink that an imals can produce real artl
B: Who knows? I'll tell you when I've been to the
2 Discuss how well you each completed the task,
exh ibition! But it's an interesting idea, you have to
and how you cou ld have done better.
agree.
3 Do the task again, comparing the picture you A: OK - I give in! What time (6) do you go I will you
have not used with one of the original be going I I might even come with you 1
pictures.
2 We can use the fol lowing forms to talk about
the future. Find an example of each one in the
dia logue.
• present continuous
• present simple
• going to
• future continuous
3 When do we use each form to ta lk about the
future? Use the grammar reference if
necessary. Write a sentence for each form to
show its use.
Example:
Present continuous: we use the present continuous
to talk about arrangements that have already been
made, e.g. I'm playing in a concert on Saturday
eventng.

.,. Grammar reference p.198 (16.3)

85
 C\I IT 7 Creative ta lents

2 Read the title of the following text. Wh at

do you think it will be about?

An artist of the future?

Is he a complete phenomenon? He dashes off
works of art with big, bold confident sweeps
of the brush, and his style has been compared
with Picasso. Nothing unusual in that, except
that Edward Simpson is only six years old. He
has become the youngest artist to have his
work accepted for the British Watercolour
Society 's annual exhibition, and his paintings
sell for £50 each.

0\ 2 Listen to two peop le who have read the same

'\£)
review, and are planning to go to see Edward's
paintings on show. Comp lete the summary of
their conversation.
Sarah thinks that it is a good idea to be part of
somethi ng new because most people
(1) ............. ....... Edward yet. William agrees, and
thinks that it is difficult to predict what Edward
(2) ....................................... in the future. Sarah adm its that she
is (3) ....................................... buying one of Edward's paintings
as an investment, because it is possible that in twenty
years' time he (4) .............. ... .......... the most popular
artist in the country. William think~ thJt it is
impossible to predict what his paintings
(5) .......... .......... worth then. Sara h is plann ing to sel l
her painting for a fortune, so that she
(6) .................................... her time working in an office, but
3 Read the text aga in . There are five future instead she (7) ........... . ................. herself on a beach.
forms that you did not use in Exercise 1. Match
each of the numbered examples to its use below. 5 Five of these sentences have a mistake in
Then note down its form. the formation of the future. Find the mistakes
A to say that something will be completed at a and correct them.
particular tim e in the future (EJ.)vyif.1.(a.Jr.e.a..t:lyJ. I've never liked art, and so I'm not about to
have been starting going to art galleries now!
2 I hope we have started our new art course this
B to express a prediction
time next month.
C to refer to the very next moment
3 Work on the new arts centre due to begin on
D to express an arrangement or a plan that has been November 15th.
forma lly organ ised
4 Do you think you'll be going to the exhibition this
E to indicate a previously scheduled time weekend?
5 Look - those security men have stopped Sue - she
4
won't have been rea lised that she can't take her
1 Read the extract from a review of an art camera into the gal lery.
exhibition . What is special about Edward? 6 I was on the point of buy the picture when I
86 rea lised how much it cost!
 UNIT 7 Creative ta lents

Vocabulary· 2: words with simil ar

meaning
1
1 Three of the words in each group be low have
a simil ar meaning. Highlight the odd one out
in each gro up. Wh at does it mean? You can
use your dictionary if necessa ry.
Example:
a custom a habit an anomaly a trad ition
An anomaly is a strange or unusual feature of a
situation.
1 collect hoard accumu late bu ild
2 symbol sign password logo
3 obsession preoccupation fascination
indifference
4 co ncea l display exhi bit present
7 There's no chance they'll have fini shed bui lding the 5 disincentive motivation reason ambition
new ga llery by the end of the month. 6 explore examine scru tini se inspect
8 Security offi cials at the ga llery are to get a 6% pay 2 Find at least one other word with a simil ar
rise next month. meaning to t he odd one out in each group.
Show the word to another student. Ca n they
6 Comp lete the second sentence so that it has match it to th e correct word?
a simil ar mea ning to the first sentence, using the
word given. You must use between three and six 3 Work with a partner. Using a dictionary if
words, including the word given. necessary, look at the t hree words that have a
similar meaning in each group above. Wh at is
I'm just about to buy an oil painting for my new the difference in t heir meaning or use?
flat. PO INT
I' m ..................................... an oil painting for my new 2 Choose the most appropriate words from
flat. Exercise 1 to comp lete t hese pairs of sentences.
2 The comp letion of the new exhibition space is Use words from the same group for each pair.
scheduled for next June. DUE You may need to change the form of the words.
The new exhibition space .. 1 a) After a detailed . ................. by experts, the painting
comp leted next June. was pronoun ced to be a fake.
b) The official .................... my passport before allowing
3 I'm assum ing that you haven't heard the news
me in to the country.
about the art co llege yet. UNLIKELY
2 a) iViost artists and musicians are not ................ and
I think you .. ............ the news about just want to produce wonderfu l art.
the art college yet. b) Sportsmen tend to be ... . ..... by the ir desire to
4 The gal lery will not stag e another exh ibition this win !
year. INTENTION 3 a) There was a successful . . ....... of album covers
Th e gallery has .. . .. another from the 1960s in London wh ich attracted
exhibition this year. many visitors.
b) Th e director gave a deta iled .................... on th e
7 Work with a partner. Te ll him/her: future plans for the art gallery.
• what you wi ll be doing at the weekend
o where you are going for your summer holiday
• about something you hope you wi ll have done or
achieved in a) three months' time b) one year's
tim e c) ten yea rs' time.
87
 C:'\!T 7 Creative talents
-·-----·----------

Use of English: word formation 2 Read th e t ext again. Use th e word s given in
cap itals below to form a word that fits in the
(Part 3) numbered gap. Th ere is an examp le at the
beginning (O) .
1 Discuss these questions.
0 ACTIVE
1 Why do people collect thing s?
1 POSSESS 6 FASCINATE
2 What kind of things do you co ll ect, have you ever
2 FASHION 7 VALUE
coll ected or wou ld you like to coll ect in the future?
3 ATIACH 8 IMAGINE
3 What makes a col lection of anything va luable? 4 DENY 9 JUDGE
5 MILLION 10 DOUBT
2
1 Read the text and find two pieces of ad vi ce
offered to peop le who have co ll ections. Grammar 2: verb patterns

A case o.f . . 1
1 Read the tit le and first sentence of the text.
ce>llection
.. maClness
:
Have you heard of Robert Rip ley? Wh at do
you know about him? Read the rest of the text
Most p~ople who 'erijoy ·shopping as a 'leisure to see if you were right.
(0) ?.~f.V.{t.Y soo~er .or later' re<ac~ the point }Vhere
1
.
they _have-tb .try.to reduce· the riumber of superfluous :
(1) ..,.,.:.:.........~.. that.they ~~ve acc~nmlated. Some things, A man who couldn't stop
likedo.the~·t~ai ha;i,re bec@me (2) ..!.'-.. ''''.'''~·-··;are ~asily collecting thing s!
disposed of; but to others\ve dev~fop a kind of .
sentinien'thl ·(3J . . .:. .::. ~. .:., like':souvenirs bought on . ' Born in 1893 in California, Robert Ripley was a self-
holid<J.y~, qi ;gifts from ffie~cls. -Most teenagers build · taught artist, who managed (1) ........... (sell) his first
up .collectl@ns; be it c::o's by 'favourite bands';·football ' J drawing when he was 14. A natural athlete, he longed
membrabilfa, or. whatev~r~ but for som~ pedple the' . f
(2) .................... (have) a career in baseball, but failed
(3) ............... (achieve) this after breaking his arm in
urge ,to'tollect, things continues into ad~lt life. · ·. his first professional game. Without allowing this
. . . , ' . ' • • .. Jo' •

Slich ,people .ar~ th({ ·subjed~'. Of a riewbook .by (4) .................... (interfere) with his other plans, he began
Stephen Caiio'way that looks into the (4)"..:,, . . .:......... (5) ........... (work) as a professional cartoonist and in
1918 he started (6) ...... ........ ... (draw) cartoons featuring
obsessive world of,coilectors and their passi0ns·.
odd facts. Their success encouraged him (7) ..
·or
These include all soitS people, ranging 'from . · ' (pursue) his interest in oddities.
(5) ..............:..... who hoard Fi~e Art to ordinary ·people ·
whose{6) ......... ........:. for, say,pootll~ dqgs le~9s' thein to · Ripley loved (8) .................... (collect) but avoided
(9) .. ................ (acquire) anything normal; he went on
buy all manner of poodle ·art and poodle'shaped
(10) .................... (fill) his houses with odd artefacts. He
objects. ' was an unusual person who dared (11) .................... (wear)
But whether you're int0 -3;1\POttery, football bright colours; he co llected cars , but never Learned
programmes or vintage rnotorcycles, all collections (12) .................... (drive). He never minded (13) .. .
(use) record ing equipment for radio broadcasts, but
need space. As Calloway points out, with less
avoided (14) .... (communicate) by telephone in
intrinsically (7) .................:.. artefacts, it is often only an case he risked (15) ........ (be) electrocuted . He
(8) .................... display that stops a collection frorri · detested (16) .. .... .. . . (swim), but owned many boats.
becoming just a pile of old junk. Knowing when to
In 1933, he opened his first 'Odditorium ', intending
stop buying, therefore, and using good (9) ..................,.
(17) .................. (display) his strange artefacts. He never
when it comes to decidi'ng whatJoJceep and what to regretted (18) .. ............... (do) this, as it was so successful;
sell on, is (10) .... ·: ... .... the key to ·su~cessf41 : there are now over 27 museums in ten countries, and
collecting. · tourists are encouraged ( 19) .. ......... (make) them a
.. holiday highlight.

88
 UNIT 7 Creative talents

2 Read t he text aga in. Comp lete it using

the correct form of the verbs in
brackets.

2 Match each set of verbs a- f to t he

correct pattern 1-6. Refer to t he text if
necessary.
a) D avoid, detest, imagine, keep on, mind,
miss, put off, risk
b) 0 beg, encourage, invite, persuade, urge,
allow
c) 0 attempt, deserve, expect, fa il , manage,
neg lect, threaten, dare
d) 0 forget, go on, like, regret, remember, or article of clothing in the past, but do we
stop, try (5) ................................. (mind/see) tMese thinQs .be,ing ' • ... l
. ,. . ' t ~-

e) D make, let, help v.alued now as part of a nostalgic art .motif in a .r

f) D beg in, continue, intend, propose, start trendy restau~ant? If o.nly wel1acil kept H1em, they ·,,, . t
1. .11Prhc: fn ll rnMPri h11 -inn nr infin iti11P llAlith tn\
would be worth ·a lot of money! HQwever, few of u~ ·i :·
. - , ' . . . ,. . - . '- • ' I
I
lb) ........................... . ........ \1magme1maKe);rnoney trom our
- · ·- - . - ·· - .• - -· ·- ; .. '::J - · .. . ... \""• • ••
·· ~ · · ~ ~- ,

• }
with different mea nings . . ,.... ' (~'II ).th111e ., f "~ ,
2 verbs followed by -ing or infin itive (with to) memories. . We (7) ·................................... 1ai11rea11se.
I'
I
with sma ll or no difference in mean ing future value of many of the items we. possess~}:!, .:. .;; .~ r;.I
3 verbs norma lly followed by infin itive (with and threw or gave them away. ·If only, we had ,. · ;;, : '~f
to) (8) . ............... ................. · (p!~nklevelop) a collectiom
. ., of
. ' j
J
~

4 verbs normally fo llowed by -ing such items ~t the time, we would not now,' · , ·, · ·
5 ve1'bs nmrnally fo llowed by an object and
(9) ..........:....:.... ::...~......... .(regret/miss ouQ on a hands©m~ :· 'J
infinitive (without to)
profit! So my advice to you is this: When anyone - • '
6 verbs normally followed by an object and
an infinitive (with to) parents; -pari:ne~s •.frierids' - (1 O) ..................................:.... .·
. .. : . •: ·. . • : . f ft!·j .. .

(persuade/have) a ·c1.earout of xour treasur~?. I· ~; .:

3 Choose the correct alternative in (11) .: ..................................... (i 1rge/rec0nsipeq. Tthey. may thi~k :: . ·
each of these ru les. . . , . . . . .. . ;11. ~

they are orily (12) ...................:...:........<:.... (attempt/remove) ;. .~~ :1;

Verbs fo llowed by the infin itive, e.g. unnecessary Clutter ·from youri >life, 0ut tt:ie~ may :tie _ .~ ·'
I expect to see him tonight, often refer
(13) ................ :..........:....... ~enpouragelmake). the bi@ge$(."~:~.: ·
back to the past I forward to the future. . . . 'i . . . .
mistake of y0ur life!: · ,. ..' .., .-· · ·,, · , ., ,- "
2 Verbs followed by -ing, e.g. I remember .· r.! ...
closing the window before I left the house,
often refer to an action or state that
occurred before I after the main verb.
5 Discuss these questions.
· Grammar reference p.197 (15)
Do you have a roomfu l of clutter, or are you tidy?
4 Comp lete the text using the correct 2 What do you th ink of the advice the writer gives at the end
form of both the verbs in brackets. of th e text7 Why7
Remember that sometimes you may need 3 Do you think that co llecting souvenirs could be a good way
to add an object. of making money7

89
 l'\1!'1' 7 Crea tive talents

Writing: review (Part 2) 2 Look back at page 86, where the

missin g element can be found . Then
1 Discuss these questions. read th e whol e revi ew aga in and
answer th e qu estions.
What kinds of th ings are reviewed in newspapers and
magazines? How would you describe the styl e of
2 How much are you influenced by a revi ew? Would a good the review - formal, informa l or a
review encourage you to go and see a film? Would a bad mixtureI
review stop you buying a book? 2 Why does the reviewer include direct
speech?
2 3 How does the reviewer catch th e
reader's interest in the beginning7
1 Look at the information about writing reviews. Then
4 In which part of the review does the
read the review of Edward Simpson's paintings below. reviewer include
Which element is missing?
a) a description of the paintings?
Reviews usually include the following elements:
b) his own opinion?
• introduction to catch reader's interest c) general comments?
• background information
3 The revi ewer has varied the
• a brief account of what is being reviewed
language to keep the reader's
• any general comments (either positive or negative)
interest and bring the paintings
• personal opinion and recommendation.
alive. Find words or phrases in the
review that mean the same as:
He comes from a long line of artists, but has been painting unenthusiastic
seriously for less than a year. Although Edward's 2 poor
grandfather is a p1'ofessional painter and illustrator of 3 exactly right
children's books; he was less than anxious to encourage 4 li ke funny drawings
his six-year-old grandson, partly because he didn't want 5 noticeable
hitn to damage his paints, but mostly because 'we did not 6 strongly affected emotionally
need another struggling and penniless artist in the family'. 7 the future is uncertain
In his father's eyes, though, Edward's paintings 'are spot
on. Edward really is a natural. He may only be six, but he 3 Look at the following task. Write
·has an, ~ye ·for art and knows instinctively'whai he is doing a review, remembering to Include all
with a paintbrush' . the elements from Exercise 2. Take
·. So what kind of pictures does Edward paint? He enjoys specia l care to begin in a way that
pairiting animals, especially dog~, and his approach is
simpie and direct. His bold cartoonisli figures have already {
I catches your reader's interest, and use
a range of vocabulary.
<
established a small but exclusive market; people may well
0

be collecting them.with-an eye to the future. He uses An international magazine is

primary colours. .
and a natural approach,
. and his pictures running a series of reviews of
would add charm to any livingroom. Some people might exh ibitions and museums ca ll ed 'It
find them too simple for sophisticated tastes, but there is rea lly had an impact on me!' You
. certainly something special about the sheep in particular decide to contribute a review. You
.that catches·the eye. , · · should describe t he exhibition or
• ' . ' I •' '
museu m, explain what had such an
. When I first saw Edward's W~)fk r·was surprised at the
impact on you and say whether you
effect it had on me. I was profoimdly moved. I found the
wou ld recommend it to others.
c'lean.lines 9f his paintings remarkable and thought-
1pro~oki~g, a retu!fl to the .simplicity of Picasso. Wtll Write your review in 220-260 word s.
Edward be the.Picasso.of the future? Only time will tell,
1but I thin~ his :exhibition is well worth a look.
'.· · Writin g reference p.204

90
 U N IT
7 Review
1 Read the text below. Use the words given in capitals at the end of some
of the lines to form a word that f its in the gap in the same line. There is an
examp le at t he beginn ing (0).

Would you pay over the odds for a private viewing?

How much would you be willing to pay for a few moments

alone with the world's (0) _cp13.~li~13.t painting? The Neue Gallery COST
in New York hit the (1) ......... ....... ... recently with its much publicised HEAD
(2) . ........... ... of the painting Adele Bloch-Bauer 1 for a record ACQUIRE
$135 million. The painting is now on public display and the
Gallery charges a modest (3) .. . .. fee of $15 to non-members ADMIT
who want to come in and view the work.

The gallery has come up against a problem, however. Demand

to see this picture has been (4) .. high, and there is EXCEPT
always a crowd of (5) ............. ... visitors gathered around it. ADMIRE
There is, therefore, no opportunity for quiet (6) . ...... of the CONTEMPLATE
work; no time when you can stand in front of the picture,
(7) ... .. ............. by the movements and comments of fellow art lovers. INTERRUPT

The gallery has, however, come up with a (8) ... ............ It has SOLVE
announced that on Wednesday afternoons the price will be
hiked to $50. This means that those willing and able to pay
(9) .................... more will be rewarded with a more intimate viewing. CONSIDER
Let's hope that the experience lives up to their (10) EXPECT

2 Choose the correct alternative in each of 3 There is one spe ll ing mistake in each of
these sentences. these sentences. Find the mistakes and correct
them.
The exhibition is about to I due to open on 12th
December. Edward's grandfather is a profesional painter,
2 By this time next year, I wi ll have been collecting I which has given Edward a head start.
collected footba ll memorabilia for almost 20 years. 2 It is very important to have a good ill ustrater for a
3 How long does I will it take for the artist to finish children's book.
th is commission? 3 I found the clean li nes of the pa inting both
4 Do you remember to see I seeing that website remarkeable and fascinating.
about computer games7 4 Many artists strugg le to make a living, and some
5 I'm really looking forward to go I going to the next remain almost pennyless during their lifetime.
collector's fair. 5 I always read the reveiw pages of the newspaper -
6 You're bound to enjoy I enjoying that play; it's all I find them thought-provoking.
about a reclusive collector of fine art. 6 My room is fu ll of clutter - I'm always plann ing to
have a tidying sesion but never get round to it!

Go to www.iTests.com or your CD-ROM for interactive exe)m pra·ctice. 91

' . '
 UNIT
8 What keeps us going

Listening 1 G) 2 Now listen to someone talking about

the questionnaire. What are the
1 characteristics of peop le who score:

1 Look at this job advert. 1 twelve or above? 3 five or below/

2 six to eleven?
SALES EXECUTIVE wanted for busy city centre 3 Discuss your scores with a partner.
office. Good general education and interpersonal
skills are essential and some previous experience is Which type of person do you think wou ld
desirable. The successful applicant will be a self- be easiest to wo rk with?
starter with the ability to develop the client base for 2 Which type of person do you thi nk most
a new range of online services. companies prefer to employ? Why7
Send your CV to:

2 Which of these words and phrases do you think Vocabulary: three-part

describe the sort of person the company is looking for? phrasal verbs
sociable able to work independently 1 Look at these extracts from
pushy has good judgement reliable listening Exercise 2.2.
wi lling to follow set procedures imaginative ... they're more likely to fit in with accepted
cautious conformist aggressive trustworthy methods and procedures ...
assertive has common sense obedient courteous
... just get on with what they have to do .. .

3 What do you think is implied by the term 'se lf-starter' 2

in the ad? Make notes.
1 Match the sentence halves.
@4 Listen to someone talking about self-starters and make Some managers really look down on
notes on what they say about the qualities of such administrative staff
people. Then compare their ideas with your own. Were 2 People often come up against difficult
. they the same? situations
3 I was so disappointed because I sent off
2 for an amazing special offer of a DVD
1 Do you think you cou ld be a se lf-starter? Comp lete the 4 I couldn't go through with the job
questionnaire, then add up your total score. 5 I try to go ahead with all my work
independently
6 Although children grow out of playing
with cuddly toys
a) but I had a letter back from the company
5aying that they had run out of copies.
b) because I couldn't face up to the
respon sibility it involved.
c) in their workplace, and often have to put
up with a lot of stress.
d) they often don't get round to throwing
them away; mine are still in my attic l
e) but expect those sa me people to get on
with them.
f) so that I can cut down on the number of
92
boring meetings I have to go to.
 UNIT 8 What keeps us going

2 Think of a synonym for the highlighted three-

part phrasal verbs in the sentences on page 92.
Check your ideas in the Longman Exams HOW TO MAKE A GOOD
Dictionary. Were you right? INITIAL IMPRESSION
3 Replace the phrases in italics with a three-
If you're job-hunting in Britain, it's
part phrasal verb from Exercise 2.
(0) £3.13..~'3.11.t..iEi.I. to know the conventions for
It's not a great idea to order anything on the net
without checking that the site is secure. writing a good Curriculum Vitae (CV).This is
2 Although people to ld me I was not very good at usually a sheet of paper on which you list your
footbal l it wasn't until I was dropped from the personal details, (I) ............ ........ and experience. Many
team that I really came to terms with the fact. employers request a CV rather than issuing a
3 Teachers often face bad behaviour from pupi ls in standard (2) ................... form when they are looking
the classroom to fill (3) .................... posts. The CV can, however, also
4 I don't have much in common with my sister -
be useful if you want to write to employers letting
we're always arguing.
them know that you're available should a suitable
5 I get through far too much chocolate - I'm trying
to reduce the amount I eat' ( 4) . ........... arise. (5) ......... and simplicity are
the key features of a good CY.
4 Comp lete the sentences below so that t hey
ere tri_lt:' fnr yni I ThPn rnmrrirP yoiir irJeas with Employers may have to look through hundreds of
a partner. them when they are on a (6) . ...... drive, and
I couldn't go through with ... because any that are overlong or have a poor layout are
i
i
2 I have to put up with ... because ... likely to be discarded immediately, (7) ................... of I
3 The last time I ran out of ... was . the content. It is important, therefore, to make I
4 I really want to qet round to ... because ... your CY look as business-like <1s possible. It's
(8) .................... to use good-quality, heavy, plain paper
and a clear bold typeface in black ink. Information
Use of English 1: word formation should be presented in the form of concise
I
(Part 3) sentences, possibly arranged into bullet points II
under (9) .. ............ Another important
1 I
consideration is (I 0) ............. ., as nobody is likely
1 Imagine you are going to app ly for a job.
Which two of the following would be most
to be impressed by CYs containing spelling or I
I
punctuation errors. So make sure you check it
important in your CV or letter of appli cation?
• details of your experience and qualifications
carefully.
l
i
• examples of your persona l qualities ··--- -~---~ _...... ,.·-- ..... ..•..J--~ - ,_....... _
-- ,,,... ...... ~ , ~··. ; ·•- r• •• '

• information about when you could start 0 ESSENCE

• a list of your free-time activities and hobbies 1 QUALIFY 6 RECRUIT
• an indication of how much you expect to be paid 2 APPLY 7 RESPECT
• clear layout and accurate language 3 SPECIFY 8 ADVISE
4 VACANT 9 HEAD
2 Read the title and the text quickly. Does it
5 CLEAR 10 ACCURATE
include the two things you chose?
3 Make a note of the advice given in the text
2 Read the text again. Use the word given in
about CVs . If you were a boss, which piece of
capita ls below the text to form a word that f its in
advice would you t hink is the most important?
the numbered gap. There is an examp le at the
Why? What does it tell you about the app licant?
beginning (0).

93
 t:.'i IT «> What keeps us goi ng

Exam focus
Paper 1 Reading : gapped text
(Part 2)

About the exam: In Paper 1, Part 2, you wil l

·~ 1""' '•:) ·
j' "1) j_._ eum l)
·rt-
J · '
J '
b -~

read a text from which six paragraphs have

been removed and placed in jumb led order Preethi Nair tell s the story of how she
after the text. You must decide from w here broke into the world of pub lishing with
in t he text th e pa ragraphs have been
removed. On ly one answer is correct in each
the help of her pub licist, Pru Menon
case and t here is one extra paragraph w hi ch
does not fit in any of the gaps. The texts in
th is part w ill eith er te ll a sto ry, or present It all began about five years ago. At that point I'd never even heard
an argum ent in log ical steps .
of Pru Menon, and nor had anybody else. Frustrated with life in
Suggested procedure general and with my job as a management consultant, I started
1 Read the base text throug h, ignoring the writing a story on my train journey to the office. It was about a
opt ions A- G for the moment. Most of the young woman who wanted to follow her dreams but didn't dare to.
inform ation you need to fo ll ow t he sto ry Then, in one of those insane moments when the mouth engages
or argu ment is in t he ba se t ext. As you
without involving the brain, I told my boss I was resigning and why.
read, pay attention to t he information
and id eas before and after each gap - 'To finish a novel?' she asked with disbelief.
start to think abo ut what might be
miss in g. Underlin e any word s an d 1
express ion s t hat make direct reference to
what has gone before, e.g. so, next, it, Once it was complete, I enthusiastically sent off my manuscript to
though, etc. various publishers, imagining the day when I'd be signing copies
2 Read paragraphs A-G to get a genera l of my bestseller for admiring fans. Then came the first of many
id ea of the ir conte nt. Again, un derlin e 'thanks, but no thank you ' letters. Being rejected felt awful. So, in
any words and expressions that make
a moment of sheer madness I decided to spend all my savings on
direct ref erence to what has gone before.
3 Go throuqh the base text aga in . Stop at self-publishing my book. I'd come this far, I wanted to see it
each gap and check whether each option through.
A- G f its it or not. Look for vocabulary
and g ramm ar links. If you th ink you've
found the key, doub le check all the
refere nces, before and after th e gap. If My main discovery was that printing the book wasn't the biggest
you can't decide between two problem; the publicity would be the hardest thing to arrange. I'd
paragrap hs, write both letters and come need a publicist who knew the business to get me book reviews
back to it later.
and press coverage, otherwise I'd never succeed. But I didn't have
4 Wh en you've f inish ed, read the whole
t ext with your answe rs in place. Does it any budget. It seemed like yet another setback.
make sense? Doub le check any po ints
where the sense of the narrative or li ne
of arg um ent doesn't feel q uite right.
5 Remember, there is one option w hich So I installed two phone lines in my spare bedroom and created a
does not fit any gap . competent, extrovert alter-ego, by the name of Pru Menon. So
nervous that my hands were shaking, I made my first call. As soon
1 Yo u are go in g to read a maga zin e as the journalist answered, my voice faltered and, sensing my
arti cle. Six paragraphs have been removed
angst and inexperience, she practically hung up on the spot. I had
from t he extract. Choose from t he
paragraphs A- G the one wh ich fits each gap my head in my hands. What had I been thinking? But then I thought
(1-6). Th ere is one extra paragrap h wh ich about the money I stood to lose.
you do not need to use .
94
 UN IT 8 Wh at keeps us going

A I thought about asking a friend to do it - after all, I

couldn't really phone journalists and say 'Hi, I'm
Preethi Nair, and I have a fantastic book you must read
... it's by Preetl1i Nair!' But it was a lot to ask of a
friend. Then suddenly I got the idea of doing the job
myself. I'd have to change my name, and be much
more confident and pushy than my usual shy persona,
but it could work.

As the weeks passed, I was amazed at how confident and B I didn't tell anyone quite how much I stood to lose,
professional I became in role as my pushy alter-ego. She was though, because I didn't want friends or family saying
it was a crazy idea. Instead, I told everyone I'd found
the woman I'd always wanted to be. While Pru secured
some freelance work, and did some research into how
interviews, I was busy doing them. If people said we sounded
pub!ishinq really worked.
alike, I'd have a comeback ready: 'Tl1 at's what happens when
you work so closely with someone.' C Nobody said anything and I was relieved. But after all
l1er hard work, I realised that my publicist should get
some recognition. Thanking her, however, would only
have drawn attention to the fact that my pushy
My next logistical headache was making sure there were publicist was actually me- she was my alter-ego.
copies of the book in the shops. I l1 ad to qo to every bookstore
in London and plead wit11 t11emto stock the title. By this stage, situations. And having secured a reasonable amount of
the stress of it all was getting too much. press coverage, I thought the rest would be easier.
Then the first boxes of books arrived from the printers,
all with page 179 missing. With the press waiting for
- -:r1.----;-
I s::::ti;11;--d
-::-id:-:n-::-'t-ge-t:-a-:de 1w-:it-;--h-a~bi-:-
-a-;-- g -pu-:-b-::-lis-:--l1e-r,-:-b-,-ut-w-:-h-
e n....,l....,th-ou-g-ht-~--l---~ie.w-copics,Und-t~pcnd--dn¥S-ar.illnigb10~glui~1g_.,_ _ __
the pages in myself.
about all the work I'd done, I knew I had to keep trying. Oeing
Pru had made me stronger in ways I could never have E There was a pause in which I could have retracted
imagined, and I'd learnt to cope with rejection.What's more, my what I'd said. But I didn't. I'd always seen handing in
second novel poured out of me in six weeks and was sold as my notice as the hardest step. I had this na'lve notion
part of a three-book deal to a publisher. Pru is finally in that the rest would fol low effortlessly, because I'd
retirement, but I still maintain that dreams do come true if you taken a leap of faith. But it wasn't quite as simple as
that.
really make them happen.
F So I told two close friends about my secret. I needed
them to stand in for me as directors of my publishing
and PRcompany at the event I planned to launch the
book. It was a great success, and when people asked
for my publicist, they were told that she had gone
down with 'flu.
G To prevent this happening again, I planned out
everything aconfident extrovert would say, took a deep
breath and started again. After about 20 phone calls I
got into my stride - chatting to media people as
though I'd known them for years - and learnt to be
unfazed by rejection.

2 Do you have a dream job? How far would

you be prepared t o go to get something you
rea ll y wanted?

95
 U:\'JT H What keeps us going

Use of English 2: multiple-choice clo ze 4 Wh at kind of busin ess

enterprises do you think teenagers
(Part 1)
might be most successful at? Why'
1 Discuss these questions. • running a website
1 What do you think makes a job enjoyable7 • being a DJ
2 Are there any jobs you wouldn't like to do7 Why7 • operating a market stall
3 Wou ld you like to run your own business7 Why?!Why not? • organ ising sports coach ing

2
1 Do you think a teenager could run his/her own airline?
Grammar 1: direct and
Why?/Why not? What problems might a teenage reported speech
entrepreneur face?
1
2 Read the text quickly to see if you were right.
1 Read th e title of the text below.
• What was the prize given for?
TEENAGE AIRLINE BOSS • Who do you think might have given
him the prize 7
Martin Halstead is a young entrepreneur, last minute, Martin was left with no
(0) ....A ... known for having managed (8) ................... but to think again. 2 Read the who le text to see if
to launch his own airline at the age of But he was not to be (9) you were right.
eighteen. Martin had started his first In November 2005 , he relaunched the
business (1) .... , making flight company, this time planning flights
simulators for use in pilot training, from the Isle of Man to Edinburgh. A r------·--·-·-- -..----------·-·-·.., . ________
while he was still a fifteen-year- first flight departed on November 7th,
old schoolboy, and at seventeen he left carrying invited guests and media in an ! Prize for boss who I .
school to (2) .. ................. as a pilot. It
was whilst on the course that Martin
aircraft Martin had leased from another
company. (10) ..... the airline
I told staff: Spend less I
I
:.1•
I 1.
realised that (3) .................... of just
being a pilot, he'd like to run an
suspended operations in January 2006,
Alpha.One Airways had carried some
I time at work I . '. r
I ·v ! f.
airline business, and so he (4) ...... .. forty fare-paying passengers on the
Ian Barnard, a 36-year-old who works
up with the idea for Alpha.One route, and Martin had (11) ...
Airways. his clJ:eam. It was perhaps his naivety for a London financial firm, was dec1a·red
Martin (5) .................... J.Jlarn1t:J tu ily and youth that allowed him to ignore the country's best en:iployer by tne
between Oxford and Cambridge, and the problems and barriers that charity 'Parents At Work'. The reason
there was considerable public someone older may have seen as a may be s·urprising. Mr Barnard explained
(6) .. ... in the idea. But when a brick wall (12) .................... in the way of what happened: 'Having kids made me
big investor (7) ......... out at the achievement. realise there is more to life than work. I
also realised that my staff would be
3 Now read the text more carefu lly and decide which happier if they could see their children
answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an examp le more.'
at the beginning (0) . Mr Barnard arranged for his staff to
work for only nine days a fortnight, on
0 A best B greatest C most D widest flexible hours. He said: 'When we started
1 A task B venture C endeavour D affair giving people a day off every two weeks
2 A study B learn C train D prepare they felt uneasy about it at first, but they
3 A instead B alternative c preference D rather soon started to appreciate it.' He
4 A thought B dreamt c hit D came explained his philosophy very clearly by
5 A largely B initially c primarily D principally saying 'I always say that if staff are
6 A interest B attention C support D attraction happy, they work better, are more loyal
7 A held B called C checked D pulled and less likely to leave the company.
8 A way B option C chance D cou rse Another benefit is that the office is
9 A sent back B caught out C put off D turned down actually open longer than before
10 A Although B Despite C However D Nonetheless because of flexible working hours.'
11 A reached B comp leted C obtained D fulfi lled
12 A blocking B standing C stopping D impeding
96
 UNIT 8 What keeps us going

2 2 Comp lete the rules.

Answer the following questions using reported a) When something is always true, the tense of the
speech. verb .............. ...... change.
b) Reporting verbs that express the importance of
Why did Mr Barnard question his own attitude
an action are often fo llowed by the moda l
towards long hours at work!
He sa id that ...
2 What did he think about his staff's attitude to work7 Watch Out! say and tell -.----~
He real ised that ...
Which sentence is correct in each pair7
3 What did he say about the staff's reaction before he
introduced the scheme? a) She told me to talk to the boss.
He said that . b) She told that I shou ld ta lk to the boss.
4 What does he always say about staff attitude to' 2 a) She said that I shou ld talk to the boss.
work? b) She said me to talk to the boss.
He always says that ...
5 What did he say about the time the office was open7
He said that .. .
4 Complete the sentences using the correct
2 In which sentence(s) above: form of say or tell.
does the modal verb not need to change 7 1 a) James .................. me t hat you were wor k.1ng ·in
2 dces the 1.ierb !erise not nPPrl tn rhrinop 7 I nnrlnn .
3 cou ld the verb tense change (backshift)7 b) It was James who ................. that you were
Explain why. Look at the Grammar reference if working in London.
necessary. Then comp lete the ru les. 2 a) Harry goodbye to Sue and wa lked out
a) Modal verbs such as ....... ... ... ...... and .. .............. do not of the room.
="""'1-=-----a~·w
~ ay=s-'hanqelrre·rriurrrrwhen-the--reptir-l1r1g--ve 1°1J~i«-·---~b). Harry ................... Sue that he was leaving and
in the .................. tense. walked out of the room.
b) When the sequence of events is ... . . , it is not 3 a) I .................... Jules not to go to the party, but he
necessary to backsh ift from past to past perfect. insisted.
c) When the reporting verb is in the . ...... , present b) I .................... th at Jules shouldn't go to the party,
perfect or future, it is not necessary to change the but he insisted .
tense. 4 a) I ............ ....... to Carlo that it was the right thing
for him to have done .
., Grammar reference p.194 (5) b) I .................... Carlo that it was the right thing for
him to have done.
3
1 Read the rest of the text. What did Sarah @ 5 Work with a partner. Take turns to say
actual ly say (1-4)? Tell a partner. each of the reported sentences below, using
direct speech. Discuss whether you think you
are correct or not, and write down a version
Sarah Jackson, chief executive of you think is correct. Then listen to check .
Parents At Work, (1) explained that she
1 He said that he had been wrong to get angry.
had awarded the prize the previous
2 She sa id that she had earned more than ever
month for the example Ian's forward
the previous year.
thinking had given to others. (2) She
believes many people want to break out 3 She said that she had never met him before.
of the long-hours culture. (3) She 4 His father urged Michael to th ink about what he
accepted that Ian's company had was doing.
benefited from higher productivity and 5 She promised that she would work harder the
greater flexibility. (4) She also fo llowing week.
emphasised ·that lower staff turnover 6 He sa id he bel ieved that overall performance
should help to convince other wou ld improve if they gave bonuses to their
organisations that this was the way staff.
forward. 97
I. --
 Cl\ IT 8 What keeps us going

6
Q1 Li ste n to someone talking about how
they started the ir ca reer. Th en write a
brief summary of what was said, using
reported speech. Compare your version
with another student. Are they the same?
2 Write your own short description of your
ideal job. Th en read it to your partner.
They should write a su mmary of what
you have sa id. Then check their vers ion
with your own notes.

Listening 2: multiple choice 2 Once she had settled into working on the programme,
(Part 3) Amy found that
A she kept fa lling out with her colleagues.
1 How would you fee l if you were B the lifestyle associated with it didn't suit her.
offered a part in a TV soap? C acting was more difficult than she had imagined .
D she wasn't left with enough time for enjoying herself.
What could be the advantages and
disadvantages of the job? 3 What prompted Amy to leave her job 7
A something she was told to do
2
B increasing fee lin gs of homesickness
1 Look at the questions in Exercise 3. C an aspect of the plot of the programme
Highlight the verbs, nouns and adjectives D the fact that she was putting on weight
that seem most important in each option .
4 After she announced her decision to leave, Amy
2 Find words or phrases in the questions
A felt gui lty about letting people down.
that mean the same as:
B started to have second thoughts about it.
finding the money to do someth ing C became anxious about her financial commitments.
2 feeling pleased because people praise you D had to convince her family that it was the right thing
3 something you've always wanted to do
4 got used to doing something 5 Why did Amy take a job in an old people's home?
5 having arguments A She was looking for less tiring work.
6 told people someth ing B She needed to do work of some kind.
7 be unreliable C She wanted to feel responsible for others.
8 got worried D She thought it wou ld be usefu l for her ca reer.
6 In her new work, Amy
@ 3 You will hear an interview with Amy
A sometimes reg rets that she's no longer a celebrity.
Kyme, a former soap star who now works in
the Health Service. Choose th e answer (A, B, B is pleased th at people remember her TV work.
C or D) which fits best according to what C wishes that she had more leisure tim e.
you hear. D feels greater job satisfaction.

1 Amy accepted th e part in the soa p because 4 Do you think that Amy made the right decision?
A one of her fri ends was already workin g on Why?/Why not?
the programme.
B she saw it as a way of fin ancing her 5 What sort of person does Amy seem to be?
further training . Choose three words from the list.
C she felt flattered to th ink that she had
been chosen. thoughtful frivolous indecisive conscientious
D it mea nt she could fu lfil a lifelong ambition sociable laid-back realisti c sensitive
to act.
98
 L' :\ Tr 8 What keeps us going

Grammar 2: reporting w ords

1 Match sente nces 1- 11 to t he appropriate
reported statement, question or order a-k be low.
Highl ight the words or phrases that helped you
choose the appropriate statement, then comp lete
the rest of the se ntence.
Example:
'I've mad~ up my mind ·- I'm going to finish the
report tomorrow'.
He decided to finish the report .~hf! r7JJ.><.t ..c1.?IY. ..
'Finish the report right now I'
2 'I think you should finish the report otherwise
Speaking: comparing (Pa rt 2) you' ll miss the dead li ne.'
3 'Yes, it was me - I made the mistake with the
1 report.'
4 'Don't forget to finish th at report as soon as
Work with a partner. Think of the ad vantages you can.'
and di sa dvantages of working in t hese 5 'You have to finish the report, because the boss
different environm ents, and what might make
people want to work there.
6 'I plan to finish the report this afternoon .'
7 'You don't have to finish the report because Sue
sma ll shop garage hospita l theatre
has already done it. '
sports centre open-plan office
8 'I' ll certainly finish the report by tomorrow
morning.'
2 Compare two of the places by linking your 9 'Well done - you've finished the report rea lly
ideas using words from the box. quickly.'
10 'You're right - I have to finish the report today.'
whereas conversely wh ilst though 11 'I really don't want to have to finish the report
today - it's just not fa ir!'
2 Look at the photographs of people working a) He congratu lated me on finishing the report .
in different places on page 185. Compare two of b) He ordered me to finish the report .
the photographs and say what the advantages c) He intended to finish the report .. .
and disadvantages of working in each place d) He adm itted making the mistake .. .
might be, and which might be the easiest to e) He explained that I had to finish the report ...
work in . f) He advised me to fin ish the report ...
g) He reminded me to finish the report ...
3 Discuss these questions.
h) He agreed to finish the report ...
Do you think that people work harder or less hard i) He confirmed that I didn't have to finish the
now than in your grandparents' day7 report ...
2 Do you think that people work too much or too j) He promised to finish the report .
little nowadays7 k) He complained about ...
3 How much time do you think people should spend
at work 7 Why 7

99
 L'.\' IT 8 What keeps us grnng

2 We can report what someone says by using: 3 Choose the correct alternative in each of
• verb + infinitive (with or without an object) these se ntences. Then rewrite th e sentence so
that the other verb would be possible .
• verb + -ing, (with or without an object)
• verb+ that 1 She promised I announced to attend th e meeting.
• verb + preposition + -ing 2 He expected I insisted to receive the invoice before
• verb + object + preposition + -ing he paid for the goods.
3 Th e manager agreed I confirmed to accept the
Put the reporting words from Exercise 1 into the policy decision.
correct column according to the way they are
4 She demanded I ordered him to arrive on time.
used. Then add the words from the box below to
5 The employees offered I suggested to take a small
the correct co lumn, including the preposition
pay cut.
where appropriate.
6 The manager thanked I congratulated me on
changing the work ethic in the office.
announce command remark claim
offer refuse apologise propose ask
4
threaten invite accuse thank suggest
1 Work with a partner. Match the following
sentences to one of the reporting words from
the box below. There are two you will not
Verb + object Verb+ Verb+
need to use.
+ preposition infinitive preposition
+ -ing + -ing
thank confirm advise congratulate
congratulate complain announce apologise remind
(on) refuse ask -fA.v.ite...

Example:
Would you like to come and stay with me next
week, Carlos?
She invited Carlos to stay with her the following
week.
Verb+ that Verb+ Verb+
object+ -ing 1 PIPrisP. don't fo rget to send that email today.
infinitive 2 If I were you, I would resign immediately.
3 Well done for getting promoted - that's wonderful
news!
4 I'm definitely not going to do the tra ining course
next year.
5 The food in th e canteen is terrible!
6 Michael, please help me write this proposal -
I ca n't do it.
7 Thi s is to let all employees know that the managing
director wi ll leave the company next week.
8 I'm sorry that I was late - there was a problem
Watch Out! suggest - . . - - - - - -.. with the train.
Which sentence is not possible?
2 Take turns to report your sentences to each
a) He suggested going out. other using the reporting word you have
b) He suggested that they should go out. chosen.
c) He suggested us to go out.

' Grammar reference pp.194 (5), 197 (15)

100
 UNIT 8 What keeps us going

Writing: proposal (Part 1) 3

1 Read the fo llowing task.
1 In Paper 2, Part 1, you may be asked
to write a proposa l. You wi ll be given a
task and some input, but you may have to Your class is going to write a proposal for the ideal
add some ideas of your own. workplace of t he future. Read the comments from a
survey on the subject and the description of a
Look at the two outli ne plans below. popu lar workp lace from t he Internet. Then write
Which one is t he plan for a report, and your proposa l, identifying the main issues that
wh ich one is the plan for a proposal? shou ld be considered and proposing the ideal
A workplace of the future, with reasons.
Write your proposal in 180-220 words.
Reason for writing
Background information
Suggestions or ideas
Reasons wh~ the~ should be adopted 1
f- sf-ll.WJ wor)(i11Q. 11.C.l\Y
:[ C-l\11.
Summar~ oHie.r pe.opfo - so sh1Af 111!

It's hard lo work with noise -

it. 's especialI~ bad with the phone.
,,. ..

1 \"" v...1orr- 1e.d o.bou-\ ha.Vin:) -\o

-\o.ke. hJnc..h o.-\ o. .:ipec.. i~ i c..
-\ ifY\12. 1.

2
1 Which of the fol lowing statements are
usua lly true of a proposal?
:r f !A,e. ide.ll. o-F wor)( ! :I
(A,ll, t e.
11e.e.d f-o be. p1AS(A,e.cl1 f-o -Fe.e.£ :[ 1 ~
• It is written in informal language.

If:
• It includes suggestions and
recommendations.
• It includes direct speech.
pll.rt o-F ll. b'?A~ o-F-Fic.e. .

I • It may use head ings or bullet points if

appropriate.
t
I
0 It uses a lot of linking words to promote
clarity.
I = It proposes a new idea and tries to persuade
the reader of its va lue.

i • It uses a range of colourfu l language.

2 What is the difference between a report
and a proposa l? Complete the following
the centre, and other smaller working areas with individual
desks. There are displays with the latest newspapers,
magazines, directories and reference books. Tea, coffee
sentences. and water are avail able. Th e environment is quiet: mobile
phones must be on vibrate, and persona l conversations

' A ..... ......... looks to the future, giving specific

plans for a particular situation.
2 A . . .... makes severa l recommendations
must happen outside. ~
"'bcellent
,;

I
;>.."'' • ··-·· ,,_, .-<':',, • - -- •• --r·,,.. -~- ~-- · - ~ - -·.-"'" .. - --- . ,_., _1
based on a current existing situation
101
r,
 UNIT 8 Wh at keeps us going

2 Read th e proposa l, which wa s

wr itten in answer to the task .

4 Look aga in at the task in

Introduction
Exercise 3. In which part of the Manlf people ha._ve problems wifh t heir workpla_ce.
proposa l has the writer included: We were a_sked t o wrife a_ proposa_/ f or o.._n id ea_/
• comments from the survey workpla_ce tMt would a_ddress these Issues. We
• research from the Internet. undertook reseo.._rch ihrou3h a_ survel/ and reseo.._rch
Why is this? on ihe lnierne f

5 8a_ck3round 1nformo._-/1on
1 Read t he proposa l again. Find Ii Is cleo.._r fha._j mMlj people d 1sl1ke noise,
formal expressions that mean pre f err1n3 io work In a_ !µJiei· envlronmeni, where
the same as these informal
expressions from the comments
Ii 's impossible io hear oihers speakin:J !he phone
in the survey. Is a_ particular issue here Oihers like io f eel
ca n't stand iho..i ihelj o.._re po.._rf of a_ i eam, o.._nd need people
2 especially bad o.._round them f o mo.._in-/ain -/heir mo/Na_f/on. .5ome
3 I need to be pushed di5!1ke sma_/I of fices, find inj them clo.._usirophobiC.
4 so shut in Everljone must f eel comforfo.._ble, and noi ha._ve
5 I'm worri ed about ...
concerns over Issues such a_s mea_/ breo.._ks.
2 Identify the modal verb that is
used most often in the proposal.
In what part of the proposa l is it
.5u33esf1ons f or ihe idea_/ workplace of the
used? Why is this? f uiure
!he idea_/ workpla_ce should Mve four kelj
6 In a Part 1 task you should fea_fures.
choose the information you use
• If should be 113hf and airlj, OJ1d have spa_ce
appropriate ly, and you can expand
the information with ideas of your between d esks so -/Mi people f eel co111forfo.._ble .
own if you wish. The writer has !here should be o.._mple opporfUniflj for people f o
sa id there are four key features, move around , and fo have drinks and food a_j
but has omitted one. Complete
the proposa l, adding the key
anl/ l ime - noi onllj in des13no.._Jed lunch and
feature omitted from the input coffee breo.._ks.
information . You can use up to 20 !here should be a_ sense of jeo.._m spirif so fhaf
words. Then compare your idea no-one is demofNa_Jed
with a partner.
•
7 Now write your own answer
to the task. Ask your classmates for Conclusion
some ideas, and use these as the !he idea_/ workpla_ce IS noi a f o.._njasl/ - 1f
resu lts of the survey. Remember to
recommend o.._j1ons like ihese are f ollowed fhrou3h
check you r writing using your
check list. if co.._n become rea/dlf.

Writing reference pp.199, 207

102
 u
1
~
1
T t:i Revie.w
1 Complete the seco nd se ntence so that it has 2 Th ey asked George to take .................... of the project.
a simil ar mea ning to t he first sentence, using t he There is a small .................... for using the swimming
word given. Do not change th e word given. You pool .
must use between three and six word s, including Melanie was put in .. ................ of ordering stationery
t he word given. for the whole office.
There are many things to think about before 3 This bag comes from the compa ny's mid-priced
accepting a job offer. TAKEN ........... of accessories.
There are many things that should
The mountain .................... in Tibet is one of the most
..... consideration before
fam iliar images in th e natural world.
accepting a job offer.
There is a wide ............ of food available in
2 It's a waste of time attending a job interview unless restaurants in London .
you rea lly want the job. POINT
There .... .................... .............. a job interview unless 4 Under the new law, cigarettes can only be
you really want the job. advertised at the ................... of sa le.
Please, hurry up and get to the .................. - I' m
3 'I'm afraid that I didn't do very well in my leaving in five minutes!
interview,' said Mike. ADMITTED
It's often hard to grasp the .. Ben's trying to
Mike ........ ...... ..... ............ gone very well.
make - he never thinks before he speaks.
4 The ca r park is only to be used by members of
5 I was at a .. ................ to know what to say when she
staff. .EXCLUSIVE .. __ I _I ·- - _ ..1. I_ - 1- - - 1 ·- - .. ·-
ll JIU I I It: LI It: uau I lt:VV) .
The car park is for . .. . members h d h f $1 o
T e company ma e a uge ................ o over
of staff. million last year.
5 'Fiona, I think you've been leaving work early, After the accident, Graham suffered from a
haven't you?' sa id her employer. ACCUSED temporary .................... of memory.
--=ii-~,,----i;lGmi' GmplGyG~ .... ...................... .. . .. .. ... work-ead'f.------b~~-------f,---, th----.,..t_.,.f _ _ _ __
6 The oss set an upper .................... or c amoun o
6 A clear and concise CV is a must if you 're applying overtime anyone could do in a week.
for a job in London. ESSENTIAL
We have no extra money - our finances are
If you're applyi ng for a job in London, it stretched to the .................... .
................................ ...................... . which is both clear and
concise. There's no ... ................ to what you ca n achieve if you
real ly try !
7 'I'm sorry that I broke your mp3 player, Brenda,'
said Trevor. APOLOGISED 3 Match the sentences to reporting verbs from
Trevor ........................... . ...... mp3 player. the box. There are two words you don't need to
use.
8 Flavia regretted not going to the concert. WI SHED
Flavia ........................................... ..... ........ th e concert. admit deny advise persuade refuse
agree apolog ise accuse
2 Think of one word only which ca n be used
appropriately in all three se nte nces .
'It wasn't me who upset the office manager !'
The office staff cou ldn't get the new printer to
2 'If I were you, I'd say I was sorry.'
.................... properly.
3 'You were told to write that customer a formal
Unfortunately, Tim's idea for a new office layout apology, but you didn't do it, did you?'
didn't ................... out in the end. 4 '! think it may have been my fa ult that the
Clare had to .... ................ towards a solution to the document was lost.'
problem over several months. 5 'Thank you, but I'm afraid I haven't got time for a
coffee at the moment.'
6 'I think you've got a point about that letter. I'll
rewrite it.'

· Go to www.iTests.com or your CD~ROM for interactive exam pra~tice. 103

 Speaking 1: choosing an image
(Parts 3 and 4)

1 Work with a partner. Tell him/her about

something which has inspired you and why. It
cou ld be a person, an event, a piece of music, a
book, etc. What do you think makes someth ing
inspirationa l?

2 Do this speaking task with a partner.

I'd like you to imagine that a college is running a

photographic competition. The college wants to
find the best inspirational image to use on a poster 3 Discuss t hese questions.
which will be put up around the college bu ildings. What qualities make a person an inspiration to
The college wants the poster to promote others I
international understanding. Here are some of the 2 What can we learn from internationa l travel?
photographs that have been submitted.
3 Does international travel have any disadvantages?
Ta lk to each other and decide which image 4 Should young people be encouraged to travel?
should be chosen and why. Why?fWhy not?
104
 UNIT 9 On the road

Grammar 1: review of
Why did I do it?
narrative tenses
Climbing volcanoes (1) ...... ............................... (become) a popular
1 Choose the correct alternative in each tourist pastime in recent years, as it offers a tempting
of these sentences. Then match them to the combination of physical exertion and personal danger.
statements a-i about use of tenses. I have always wanted to try it, and when I found out that the
You sit I are sitting in my seat - cou ld you cone of Madera~ in Nicaragua (2) ....................................... (collapse)
move, please 7 inwards leaving a crater lake at the top, this seemed to be
2 He went out I has gone out without speaking, my chance. I thought that·swimming in a crater lake might
and she never saw I has never seen him again. · be fun, so I (3) ..·............................. (persuade) two friends, Rob
3 He travelled I was travelling through Greece ahd Sarah, to go witti me. Unfortunately, we had done very
when he met his future wife.
little planning before the trip, and so the whole venture
4 The train had already left I has already left
turned into a disaster. Once we (4) ·············· ·'···········'········ (arrive)
Switzerland when the snow started.
·at the summit we realised that, a thick ·mist ;ind heavy rain .
5 I' ve finished I 'd finished my homework - can
(5) '. ..................... ..............·(obscure) the view. Rob and Sarah
we go out now7
wanted to go back down immediately, but I felt that as we (
6 She read I 's read the guidebook on Brazil last
(6) ....................................... (come) this far it would be a w~ste of
week because she's so keen to go there. ,'
I

7 I'm visiting I visit my friend in Brazil next week. effort not to swim. I (7) ..................................... (know) that nothing
8 I've been stavinq I 've stayed in this resort for ever lives in crateflakes, whi.ch was rather spooky, and the
'• • • · • " I ' • •I • I I t I f. I.&. -'- I L " .&.

two weeks, and it's great I r:iomem 1oiveu111 Lu u1e 111uuuy vvc1Lei" 1 1e1 L Lr1al i L
9 She'd only lived J 'd been living in the city for (8) .......... .......... (suck) me down into its lifeless depths.
a week when she lost her passport. I (9) ....................................... (never!feeO so terrified in my life!
We use : After I had struggled out of the water, we started back
a) the past continuous to say that something down but by then ·it (1 O) ....,.................: ····:··· . (rain) hard for
f;:::=o----'---
w-a--'
s .,- 1e-:-ss:.-a-:- t;--:a--:--:
in_r_ir_o_<:J --: pa-:-r~ti~
cu'la.,.--r"t~1m
c:-e,,---,- r .,..,
0..,-- ev.,..:e~n't._ _ ___.;,...~t1eltitieng:-time-tfiat-#i€'5!e13e-wa5-slipper,y...aAfkdang&:Gu,,.._~---
b) the past perfect to show that something When we finally (11) ..,............ ~.... ················ (arrive) liac.k at the
happened before something else. · hotel, caked in ·~ud and soaking wet Sarah disc~vered ·that
c) the present continuous for temporary actions she (12) .............. ·····~···:,:.......... (pick up) an obscure mountain
and situations that are currently in progress. ·parasite and was covered in red swellings. Since then I
d) the pa st simple with expressions that refer to {1.3) ....................................... (not/climb) again, and when .friends
a completed period of time, e.g. yesterday, in ask 'so, (14) ...... :............. (you/climb) ahy more volcanoes soon?'
1999. . my answer is clear .:.. absolutely not!
e) the present perfect to indicate that a finished
action or event is re lated to the present.
f) th e present continuous for future ·3
arrangements. 1 Do you think that people who do unusual and
g) the past simple to ta lk about the past (unless dangerous things like this are:
there is a reason to use a different tense).
• adventurous7
h) the present perfect continuous used for an
• irresponsible?
unfinished action continu ing into the present.
e stupid?
i) the past perfect continuous to show that one
long event happened before another in the Exp lain your opinion to a partner.
past.
2 Prepare to te ll your partner about a similar incident
that you have heard of, or a tim e wh en you had a
2 Complete the text with the correct form
difficu lt or unusual experience yourself. Make notes
of th e verbs in brackets - present continuous,
on what you want to say, and think about th e
past sim ple, pa st continuous, present perfect,
tenses you need to use. Then ta lk to your partner
present perfect co ntinuous, pa st perfect or
and answer any questions they may have.
past perfect continu ous.
3 Write your notes up as a paragraph. Check your
Grammar ref erence p.197 (16) tenses, and make sure that they are accurate.
105
 CNIT 9 On the road

Reading: multiple matchin g (Part 4)

1 Look at the headline of the article. In what ways do you

think young people travelling in another country might:
• make friends with local people?
How to be
a good
• upset local people?

2 Discuss these questions.

What problems might you have travelling in a country where you
don't know th e language?
2 What type of gifts do people from your country give when they
visit people abroad?
traveller
3 What type of souvenirs do you like to bring back when you travel?
You should aim to make friends
3 Read the article quickly. Which section talks mostly about:
on your international travels and
things to take with you? buying th ings?
photography! speaking another language?
avoid upsetting anyone.
problems on the road?

4 You are going to read an article about young people A If you want to break the ice in
travelling abroad. For questions 1-15, choose from the sections almost any social situation abroad,
of the article (A-E). The sections may be chosen more than remember you're a guest in
once. someone else's country, so you
5 should make some effort to speak . ·
In which section does the writer ...
th e language. Obviously you can't
criticise the behaviour of some trave llers? CIJ==i expect to be fluent, even just getting
ad mit to being too stubborn in one situation? l1J=i by can be difficult if you haven't got
the time or aptitude, but any attempt,
remember the kindness of a particu lar local official? EIIJ 10 however embarrassing, makes an

express a disli ke for a certain piece of equ ipment? [II] enormous difference. The first time I
set foot in China, I only knew three ...
suggest remaining ca lm in the face of provocation? [TI] words of Mandarin, which I'd never
recall being given advice about a persona l matter? [[[] heard pronounced properly. In the
15 event, my first attempts at
suggest a better alternative to a financia l transaction? [[CJ
conversation proved so entertaining
advise against having a tight schedu le when travelling? [[CJ to my hosts that I was promptly ·
encourage us to find out about the needs of local people? [[CJ presented with a gift. So it's worth
trying to meet local people and
recal l choosing to travel in a relatively uncomfortable way? [IQ[] 20 getting into conversation. Even if you

remember sharing a common interest with a group of end up speaking mostly in a shared
strangers? II1IJ second language, you can learn a lot
about one another. I once travelled
mention being given a reward for being a source of third class on a train from Harare to
amusement? [j1[J 25 Bulawayo, partly because I thought it
suggest that some activities require the consent of local would make the overnight journey
people 7 ITIIJ more interesting. Since there were no
spare seats, I ended up crammed
admit to finding some difficult situations amusing to look
back on7 [HO between carriages. But it wasn't long
30 before the guard took pity on me,
acknowledge that some people may find it hard to acqu ire inviting me back to his cabin where
a useful skill 7 ffRJ he plied me with both stories and
refreshments until I cou ldn't take anY
106 more of either.
 _TRA -V. EL

35
B The key to stress-free travel is never to give yourself a D Travelling shou ld always be a two-way experience. The
deadline to meet. As soon as you do, things inevitably start more your hosts can learn about you and your country, the
to unravel, and there's often very little you can do about it, 65 more you' ll both get out of it. Ideal in thi s regard are
so you have to make the most of things. I often find that the postcards from home; pictures of the cap ital wi ll always go
highlights I te ll the most entertaining anecdotes about are down well as the scenes may already be fam iliar to your
40 times when things didn't quite go according to plan. For hosts, but pictures of where you actually live and snaps of
examp le, on what should have been a twe lve-hour, cross- friends and family are ideal for breaking the ice. It's amazing
country drive to the airport in Mongolia, our jeep got stuck 70 how many times I've been told which of my friends I should
in a bog. Forced to camp overnight, we awoke to find a marry, for examp le! Gifts are also a good idea, but in
small party of local nomads on horseback, complete addition to, not as a substitute for, getting to know people.
45 strangers, organising our recovery. We were eventually If you do some research beforehand, you can take
delayed by twenty-four hours, but it turned out to be the something that might also be useful or of interest to those
most memorable day of the entire trip. 75 you meet. In many countries, few things will ingratiate you
more with your hosts, for example, than things connected
with the 'beautiful game' . I was on a kayaking trip in a
remote region when i first experienced this phenomenon.
We were on the riverbank, surrounded by a group of excited
80 young ch ildren, but having not a word of their language, all
I could do was sm ile. Then one kid gave us the thumbs up
sign and said 'Manchester United' in heavily-accented
Er1 \:)i isi1 A iiveiy exci1i::1 11 ~,ie ui fJii::iyers' 11i::1111es er rsueu, 111uci 1
to everyone's amusement.

85 E But you'll want to take home some mementos too, and

this usually involves photography. I'm not a fan of sneaking
bo.ts-oLp.eopJe_wi1bJo.o.g_teJepb.oto_Je.os.as_uo1e.s.s_Jb.e¥-'-r.~
e__
just a small part of a bigger image. Many people are
camera-shy and, in some cu ltures, suspicious of
90 photography, thanks largely to insensitive foreigners
thrusting cameras in the direction of reluctant subjects,
particularly children. So if you're into portraits, make the
effort to talk to your subject first. To my mind, a portrait
without a name or a story has no more value than a
95 landscape without a location. But, at the very least, get
permission first. If you ask someone to do something for a
photo, then it seems reasonable to recompense them for
the ir time, but thi s is no substitute for giving people some of
your own time.
C In many countries, haggling is part of everyday life, but
unless· you're after something quite pricey, it's not worth
so taking to extremes . I once spent a fraught morning in a
Nairobi market haggling over the price of a rug until I was
biue in the face, but the seller wouldn't budge below his
final price. It was only later that I realised I'd been giving this
guy a hard time for the sake of one euro. The bottom li ne is,
55 stop haggling when you stop enjoying it. Of course, even if
you're as nice as pie, there are always going to be people
who try to take advantage or abuse their po;;ition, and thai's
true of any country. If you do feel an official is being
unreasonable, be polite and stand your ground. The worst
Go thing you can do is lose your temper; the chances are that's
exactly what your antagonist is after, and it'll just make them
all the more determined to be difficult.
107
 lJJ\'IT 9 On the road

5 Comp lete the co ll ocat ions using one of the 6 fasc inated gripped ca ptivated
words from the box. Look back at the article to 7 accessibl e open restricted
check your answers. 8 pleased happy delighted
2 Are t he prepositions usually followed by a
break get give go lose make
noun, a gerund or eith er?
meet set stand take
2 Discuss these questions.
You have to .................... th e ice when you meet new What do you get worried about7
people for the first time. 2 What are you competent at7
2 It's useful to be able to .......... .......... by in a language. 3 Who are you most similar to in your fam ily7
3 You have to ............ ...... an effort if you want to
make fri ends.
Noun + preposition
4 It's difficult when you first .................. foot in a
country. 3 Nouns, verbs and adjectives that share the
5 I hope someone will . ....... ... .... pity on me if I get same root may be followed by the same
lost. preposition. Complete the sentences with nouns
6 Did everything .. .. accord ing to plan 7 formed from the adjectives in Exercise 1 and add
7 It's importa nt to .................... all your deadlines. an appropriate preposition.
8 Did that man ...... ..... you a hard time7
Enforced ............ .... ....... ........... fri ends can ruin
9 In an argument, it's important to .................... your
relationships when people have to spend a long
ground. time apart.
10 Try not to .. . ... your temper when people are
2 What is the actual . ............... the situation?
being difficult.
It seems to me that most people are lying about
what happened!
6 Discuss these questions.
3 Why is there such a .... .................................. trendy holiday
How do foreign tourists and travellers behave destinations nowadays? People are obsessed with
when they visit your country? them!
2 Do you agree with the advice given in the article? 4 Her extreme ... ............... .. . ..... flying really restricted
the amount of travelling she was able to do.

Vocabulary: dependent 4 Some nouns, verbs or adjectives that share

the same root may be followed by a different
prepositions - adjectives and nouns preposition . Comp lete the sentences with nouns
formed from the adjectives in Exercise 1 and add
Adjective + preposition an appropriate preposition .

1 There are often many .... .............................. Eu ropean

languages, which can help people pick them up
1 Adjectives with related meaning may be easily.
fo ll owed by the same preposition. Match each 2 I wish long haul travellers would show more
set of adjectives to one of the prepositions .... the environment and fly less.
from the box. You will need to use one 3 There are far fewer .. .. ................. holiday
prepos ition twice. packages th an travel companies want us to bel ieve
- I th in k they are all th e same rea lly.
at by about to of from with 4 He really loves travelling and gets a great deal of
................... seeing different places.
1 good excellent competent
2 concerned worried nervous 5 How much do you think travel will be
3 different separated apart restricted in the future? What will cause this?
4 similar related equivalent Wh at would make you agree to restrict your own
trave l plans?
5 typica l characteristic true

108
 UNIT 9 On the road

The Hungry Cyclist

When he's not travelling, Tom works
as a .. ..... (1)
Tom uses his website as a way of finding both
............... (2) and suggestions of
fooJ he should try.
Tom's bike has been adapted to avoid problems
of .... (3) in the gears .
Tom's bike has a .. .......... (4) that
resembles an American food item.
Tom's greatest problems on the trip are
caused by .. . ................. (5)
Tom had a particularly good meal after he
almost lost his ........................ . ........ (6) one day.
The food items that Tom has enjoyed most so
far are ....................................... (7) in North America.
The strangest dish that Tom has tried so far is
Listening: sentence completion a type of ............. ........ (8) made from
(Part 2) an unusual animal.

1 ~~~
THE HUNGRY
~--~---··-----.'

1 Look at the images from Tom Kevil I Davies'

CYCLIST
website which is ca ll ed 'The Hungry Cyclist'.
What sort of trip do you think he's go ing on? ~
What kind of help do you think he needs?
2 You're going to hear about Tom's trip through
the Americas. Make a list of the vocabulary G'.) 2 Liste n aga in and complete the sentences.
you expect to hear related to how he's
travelling . Think about: 3 Look at these answers that students wrote
in the exa m for the above task. Why wou ld they
• the eq uipment he'll need
be marked wrong in the exam? What advice
• problems he might have . wo uld you give these students?

2 1 graphhic design 6 dropped his gloves

4 bells 7 roadside diners
®1 Listen to the radio feature about Tom and 5 hills 8 chicken
answer the questions.
Which countries has he visited so far? 4 If Tom was cyc ling around your country,
2 How many ki lometres wi ll he travel in tota l? o wh ich route wou ld you advise him to take 7
3 What's the purpose of his trip? • what would you advise him to eat7
109
 C:\ IT 9 On the road

Grammar 2: emphasis (cleft se ntences 6 (She told her boss how she felt about the
restructurin g of the company).
with wh at)
What ....
1 Look at t his extract from t he listening text. 2 Rewrite the fo ll owing sentences without
What Tom eventually hopes to do is to raise £100, 000 for using a cleft structure.
charity Example:
Why did the presenter choose to use th is stru cture? What is happen ing nowadays is that people
are travell ing more.
2 Look at the dialogues below. Wh at does the People are travelling more nowadays.
structure beg inning with what emph asise in each 1 What he really loves is travel li ng by plane.
answer? 2 What I li ke to do is take photographs of every
• a whole sentence • the object place I visit.
• the verb or event 3 What I do is use the Internet to stay in touch
A: Th ey have to be there by six in the even ing and I when I travel.
th in k it's a long journey by train. 4 What I am enjoying is th e chance to travel
B: OK - what they need to find out is wh ich tra in leaves abroad for my work.
before lunchtime. 5 I was furious about the delay, so what I did
was complain directly to the airli ne.
2 A: He's always lucky - I bet that he was in time for th e
6 To my amazement, what the airline did was
bus! refund all my money!
B: Quite right - what he did was catch the bus with
aboutfivesecondstospare l 3 Choose the correct alternative to
comp lete the statement about cleft
3 A: Why was he so late? I just don't understand it l
sente nces.
B: I think th at what happened was he arrived at the
airport in good time but got held up in the queue to Cleft sentences are most ofte:i found in informal
check in . speech I formal speech I written texts.

Grammar reference p.195 (6.1)

1 Rewrite the fo ll owing sentences. Emphasise th e 4

bracketed part of each sentence using onP. of the
ways shown in Exercise 2. 1 Choose one of these topics to speak
about.
Example:
I want to know (how you trave lled to France last year). What I rea lly need to do to improve my
English speaking is ...
What .J.W?..n..t.t..o.. . kn..9.w.i.s.. ..h.o..~.Y().IJ. . t..r.131.V.8.Jle..4.t.Pf.r.a..ric.e..
2 I had a surprise last week. What happened
../.a..§t..Ye.?.r. . was ...
She (learned Italian so that she could speak to people 3 What I value about my best friend is ...
when she went to Rome on holiday). 4 What I'd really like to achieve in my life is ...
What she . 5 What rea lly annoys me is .. .
2 (People who are always late) annoy me most. (D 2 Listen to a student talking about the first
What. topic. What does she need to do? Why?

3 (He cou ldn't visit lgu a~u when he went to Brazil the first 3 Prepare to speak on your chosen topic for
time) and that made him determined to go back. at least a minute. Remember to begin
with the cleft sentence you chose.
What ..
4 (He went on a course to become a flight attendant) last 4 Work in groups. Take turns to talk about
year. your topic, and answer any questions.

What he ..
TIP! Although cleft sentences are found
5 I'd really li ke to have (a holiday in Antarcti ca) . in informal speech and sound very
What natural, don't overuse them as thi s can
110 so und forced.
 UNIT 9 On the road

Speaking 2: individual long turn (Part 2) Example·:

In the first pictu re there is a man sitting
on a station platform; it seems 'to be early
1 Look at th e three pictures, and read the task.
morning and what I ! hink he's doi ng is
The pictures show people doing things while travelling. I'd waiting for a train . I don't think he's
going to work beca use he's dressed
like you to compare two of the pictures, and say why you
think the people have chosen to do these things while casually so it looks if he's just going as
somewhere for th e day, or maybe he's
travelling, and what they tell us about the people's attitude
meeting someone off th e next train to
to travelling.
arrive at th e stati on..However;' in contrast
in th e second picture there are a lot of
2 In Part 2 you wi ll be asked to compare different people who are also on a station
pictures. When you compare you need to express t hings platform but some of them are dressed a
t hat are similar and things that are different, and you will lot mere smartly and to me they come
also need to specul at e about th e pictures. . across-~s feelin g bored because they do
Read the example oppos ite and put the hi ghli ghted this journey every day and tnat'S-wlly
phrases in th e correct part of t he table. Two have been they' re trying to pass the tim e by reading
done for you as exa mpl es. a newspaper.

What you think/ Comparing and @ 3 Listen to a student co mparin g

contrasting pictures B and C. Add any more word s
speculating ""' nht·"'::oirt""lc- +ho\1 11 co tA + h a t:lh la in
V I l'"'lllt.A··"'"'.J >. 11 "-'J VI ... .._."'""., , , .._.., .......... , ' - ' , . ,

it looks as if Exe rci se 2.

4 Now do t he task with a partner,

Qualifying what you say Giving reasons/explaining using the pictures on page 182. Try to
~~nmre-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~----;u~s;e;t;he;;p~h;ra;s;es::___:_:_fr~o~m~t~h~e~t~a~h~le~.,~a~nrl'.'._ 'a'.____~~~~~
.'.
c e t se ntence.

111
 UN fT 9 On the road

Exam focus 1 For qu estion s 1- 15, rea d t he text be low and t hink of t he
word whi ch best f its each gap. Use only one word in each gap.
Paper 3 Use of Eng lish: open Th ere is an examp le at t he beginn ing (0) .
d oze {Part 2)
Example: I 0 I have
About t he exam : Paper 3, Part 2 is
an open cloze passage wit h 15
gaps. One wo rd goes in each gap .
Most of th e gaps will need HOLIDAY SNAPS
grammatica l wo rd s, e.g.
prepos it ions, articles, auxiliari es, Have you ever noticed how most of us (0) ... ha..\!.£!.... a
etc. rather t han vocab ulary relat ed tendency to take too many pictures on holiday? Finding
to t he top ic. (1) .................... in a beauty spot, we want to hold on to the
Suggested procedure experience and so (2) ... ....... . ...... . comes the camera. But the
1 Read th e co mpl ete text qui ckl y, camera takes our attention away from the place itself with
ignoring th e ga ps, to get an
(3) . ....... .......... . result that, in effect, we stop looking. What's
id ea of wh at it's about and how
it is stru ctured. (4) .. .... . ......., only rarely (5) .......... . . ...... we study this type of
2 Read th e t ext before and after photograph closely afterwards. (6) ........... . ....... if we save and
each ga p ca re-fu lly. Thin k abo ut print it, it becomes just (7) . . ........ . ..... of many in an album of
th e t ype of word which is
missin g. similar shots.
3 If you' re unsure of any answers
(e.g. whi ch preposit ion t o put), John Ruskin , writing when photography was (8) . ............ .... . its
th en gu ess - remember you
don 't lose marks fo r wron g infancy in the 19th century, fought bitterly (9) ....... ... .......... the
answe rs! trend. He argued that, (10) ....... ......... . of taking photographs,
4 Wh en you've fi nished, read t he we should all learn to draw. His view was that if you try to
who le t ext aga in to make su re it
all makes sense wit h your draw anything, (11) ... .... ......... .. simple it may seem, you
answers in place. (12) ........ ............ be forced to look at it more closely. In looking
at things in this way, you come to appreciate (13) ... ..
they actually look like. He tells us, for example, that
(14) .................... most of us have never really studied a tree, we
say things like: 'I'd love to go to India.' 'Nonsense ,' says
Ruskin. 'First learn to see a tree properly, then move on to
your house and (15) .................... the time you're ninety, you
might be ready for a trip to India.' These are wise words
for our over-travelled, but under-observant age.

2 Discuss t hese questions.

Do you ag ree that we should learn to draw instead of taking
photographs? Why7/Why not?
2 How has the digital ca mera changed people's attitudes towards
photography?
3 Do you th in k people will take more or fewer photographs in the
future7 Why7

11 2
 I
I
. •
..,,

I.·
\_ ...
061 . L '

Writing: competition entry (Part 2) 2 The article submitted must be

A informative.
l 1 Look at the photograph. B interesting for people working in th e trave l
: - _ I. _ .._ __ _ .

• Why do you think it was taken? II IUU ) lly.

• What does it show about travel nowadays? C light-hearted and amusi ng.
f
D supported by proof of academ ic research.
1 2 Read the fol lowing competition
1 announcement and for questions 1 and 2 choose 3
_ ____..,.r--'"th~~A~-1+-yoo-tl:l.~r+k-t-~t'"""s---~· 'f'htlTlctJcrcln o the previous work)luu-have
1 best according to the text. done on articl es. Look at the Writing reference
on page 208 if necessary. What are th e four
Something to say about travel today? main aims of an article that is also an entry for
a competition?
Enter our competition for t he Travel
Photograph and Article of the Year! There are a) to engage th e reader
two categories: b) to explain a point of view
c) to organise the arti cle clearly and in an interesting
• Face to Face - people or an imals way
• The personal approach - issues in travel. d) to present facts and figures
Submit one photograph and article (220-260 e) to win a prize
word s) in your chosen category. In your articl e 2 How ca n you achieve th ese aims? Choose four
you shou ld exp lain wh at your photograph says id eas.
about trave l today, with support ing details.
You should increase awareness of the issues a) plan your ideas ca refu lly in paragraphs
while clearly statin g your own po int of view b) use rhetorical questions
and eng ag ing t he reader. c) use direct speech
d) use a range of interesti ng and va ri ed vocabu lary
e) use connectors and link ideas well
1 The aim of the competition is to
f) think about layout, using headings and bul let
A inform readers about travelling around the points
world.
B allow individuals to express their personal
opinion.
C give young people an opportunity to become
photographers.
D explain environmental issues raised by travellers.
113
 UN IT 9 On the road

4 5 What linking words or phrases are used7 Find some

examples.
1 Look back at the photograph on page 113 and
6 How does the writer engage the reader7 Give
the competition announcement. Your friend
exa mples.
wants to submit that photograph for the
7 Is it written in an informa l or formal style7 Give
competition, and has to write the article to go
examples.
with it but is not sure how to go about it.
What advice would you give your friend?
6 Now write your own answer to the task.
"' 2
(d) Listen to someone giving advice to their You can use a different photograph as your entry
friend. Was it the same as yours? if you prefer; choose one from the photographs
on page 104 or page 107.
G) 3 Listen again and note down six key things you
must do when writing your article for this 1 Think of three points you could make in your
competition. article about issues raised by the photograph.
Plan your paragraphs. What will you include in
5 Read th is article which was written in your introduction? What will you say in your
answer to the task. Answer these questions. conclusion?
What is the aim of the introductory paragraph? 2 Refer to your grammar checklist and to the
2 Has the writer included all of the necessary points checklist in Exercise 3 to make sure you have
from Exercise 3? comp leted the task.
3 Has the writer included any of your ideas?
4 Does the article include varied and interesting , Writing reference p.208
vocabulary? Give some examples.

Travel I in:) around -\he world .seel'Y\.S -lo be an a-1-\rac...-\ ive way
-lo .spend your -\ il'Y\e. ~u-1 i-1 .S no-\ a I I :ipod new.s on -\he
1

per.Sona\ ~ron-1 . r\ave you ever -lh?uT-1 abou-1 -\he ne~-live

1
.s ide of -\ravel? And 1 1'¥\ no-\ -lalk 1n'3 abou-1 env1ronl'Y\en-la\
i.s.sue.s) e i-lher '.
Fir.s~J. -lhink abou-\ -\h~ -li~e you. ~a.s-le in airpor-1 c..onc..our.se.s.
A~r\Y\n'\ early) c..hec..k1n'3 1n) wa1-\ 1n'\ for .-\he plar:ie -lo leave -
-lh1nk w'ha-1 you c..ould _do
~ore u~e1ull~ 1n -\he -\11'¥\e. 1 c..an
-lh1nk of abou-1 -\en -lh1n:).s \f'Y\f'Y\ed1a-\e ly .
\hen ~here).:::. -\he -lil'Y\e you .:::.pend 0way trOl'Y\ your tal'Y\ily.
C.er-la1nly) you l'Y\ety be -lravellln'3 w1-\h friend.:::.) . for fun ra-lher
-lh0n for wo~k - bu-I no-\ everyone you _ l ove will be w\-\h you.
Friend.:::. c:W l'Y\lne .spen-1 a year bac..kpac..k1n".) around -\he _world)
and when a.:::iked whe-lher -\hey would d o 1-\ a~ 1n) r ep\ 1ed
1
w i-lh a very def in i-le no'.).
of c..our.:::ie -\here i.:::i ano-lher .:::i ide -lo -\he c..oin - 1 c..an 1-1
pre-lend i-l~-5 a ll bad new.:::.. \he oppor-luni-ly -lo .:::iee -\he. world)
exper ienc..e o-\her c..ul-lure-5) ha~e Cll'Y\etZ..in~ adven-\ure-5 - -lhe..se.
are par-\ .and parc..el of -\ra_v el\\n:). ~u-1 neve.r-lhe\e.s.:::i -\he
ne~-\1ve 1.s.:::iue-5 already ra1.:::ied nave -lo be balanc..ed w 1-\h
-lhe.:::ie advan-la'\e-5. And a-5 -\he pho-\o:)raph .:::.how.:::.) -\he.
per.::=:ion0I d i.:::iadVan-\a:)e-5 are very cy-ea-1. So a l I in a l I) i.s -\rave.I
1
wor-\h 1-\? 1-1 5 your c..all) bu-I 1 hope -Iha-\ 1 have a-\ lea.s-1
fY\etde. you -lh ink .

114
 u 1'"' 1 1
l_} Review

1 Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to
form a word that fits in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0) .

Bag Manners

A few months ago, standing in a (0) .. fJ.~~11Jil'JfllY. endless check-in queue SEEM
at an airport (that perhaps should remain nameless), I couldn't help but
overhear an angry businessman loudly complaining to the (1) . . ....... ATIEND
behind the desk about our delay. His tone was very aggressive anci
he was using very (2) ........ ....... ... . language that I thought was quite OFFEND
(3) ....... ... ........ to the situation. APPROPRIATE

The airline (4) .................. didn't bat an eyelid, however, simply making a calm EMPLOY
apology as she continued with the (5) . ....... for checking in his bags, then PROCEED
handing him his (6) ................... pass with a smile. BOARD

As he walked off, still muttering obscenities, I moved forward to

take my turn. I (7) . ............... with the woman, commenting on her SYMPATHY
(8) ..... . . ........... in the face of such unnecessarily ill-mannered PATIENT
(9) ..................... She winked at me and replied: 'Don't worry, madam. That BEHAVE
gentleman is going to New York, but his suitcase is going to Beijing.'

The moral of the story? If you want to avoid the (10) . ....... ........... of lost CONVENIENT
luggage, never be rude to airport check-in staff!

2 Complete the second sentence so that it has 3 Add a prefix to each of these words to
a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the make it negative. Then comp lete the sentences
word given. Do not change the word given. You using the negative words.
must use between three and six words, including
the word given. ... necessary . .. convenient .. .practical
... eventful ... behaviour ... considerate
The aim of the competition is to inform readers
... related .respectful
about the region. PROVIDE
The competition aims
information about the region. I thought it was ...... to pack gloves for a beach
holiday.
2 The people in the photograph look li ke experienced 2 It was an ....... ............. flight so we arrived feeli ng ca lm .
travellers. IF
3 I think it is ........ ............ to local people to take
The people in the photograph look photographs of them without asking .
......................... ................... experience of travelling . 4 The timing of the flight was rather .................... for us
3 I get most annoyed when tourists don't show as it meant we had to wait around all day.
respect for local customs. IS 5 It's a nice guidebook, but its size makes it .......
The thing . .......... . when tourists don't for wa lking holidays.
show respect for local customs. 6 I think it was ...... .............. of Gemma not to ca ll to say
she'd be coming home a day later than planned.
4 There don't seem to be quite as many tourists in
7 My enjoyment of the trip was .. .. .... to the fact
the city this year. SLIGHT that I'd won it as a prize in a competition.
There seems to have been ......... . ................ . ....... ... . ... in 8 Because of their earlier .... . , we decided not to
the number of tourists in the city this year. take th e children to the cinema.

Go to W~vV.iTests.com
. or your CD~ROM for inter~ctive
. exam practice ..• 115
 UN IT

10 Close to nature

Listening 1
1
You hear two people ta lking
about the environment and
the natural world. Choose
the answer (A, B or C) wh ich
fits best accord ing to what
you hear.

I Extract One]
1 The man thinks that awareness
of the natural world and
environmental issues is
A not very important.
B nothing to do with him . 1 How much of your food is processed, 6 When you buy cosmetics or medicines,
C irrelevant because it's too packaged and comes from far away? do you
late to do anything . a) most of it a) never read the label?
b) about half of it b) check to make sure the product has not .
/ Extract Two I c) very little of it been tested on animals?
2 The woman th inks th at c) on\y buy products made by companies · ; : ·
2 How often do you travel by public
awareness of the natura l world with a good environmental policy? ··
transport instead of using a car?
and environmental issues is a) rare\)' or never
A quite important. b) whenever possible
B someth ing she can help c) every time I go out
with. 3 Compared to people in your
C someth ing everyone should neighbourhood, how much waste
have. · do you generate?
2 Whose attitude do you agree a) much more
with? Why? b) about the same
c) much less
2 4 In your house or flat, do you
1 How aware are you of . a) :alw:ays ieave electrical appliances on . .
environmenta l issues and the ·standby?. : . . , ..
natural world? Work with a ; b):turn off lights an(l electrical appliances ..
partner and do the 'eco- . . when you leave the' room?' . ·. .·
friendly' quiz. . c) only turn lights and electrical appliances
on when you neecl io.use .them? . ··
· .s When you buy 9onaumer goods for · ·
yourself or·9thers, do you ·
a).·go for the.one with theJ.Ilost elaborate
pac,ka.ging-?
.. b) ·avoid any tha~ seein to have too ·much
packaging? . .
c) .choose the one with the simplest
116 packaging?
 C'.\'IT 10 Close to nature

2 Discuss these questions. 3 Think of one word on ly which can be

What general environmental issue does each used appropriate ly in all three sente nces. In t hi s
question rai se 7 exercise, all the words are nouns. Remember to
2 What do you th ink your own responsibil ity is to look for phrases which w ill help you, and th ink
these issues 7 about whether you need the singu lar or plural
3 How much can any individual do to bring about form. You will need the same form in all three
change in these areas7 sentences.
4 How important is it for people to engage with the Remember to keep your ...... . on the weather so
natrn;:il worlrP that you don't get caught in the rain.
3 Think about other issues that cou ld show how They bought the shares with an . ......... to making
environm enta lly co nscious you are and write a quick profit
three more questions for the quiz. Although they knew about the planned party, the
boy's parents decided to turn a bli nd .. .... and
let it go ahead .
Grammar 1: countable/ 2 I don't know how dangerous the jungle is - if you
uncountable nouns go, you'l l have to take your .................... .
Th e ............... are that the zoo will be forced to
1 Look at th e alternatives in these sentences. close.
Which one is possib le or li kely? Whi ch one is not,
• ' - - 1· 1 _ I_""'\1 111 1- ""'\
Doing th e co urse wi ll certa inly improve your
ur I) re)) 1111.e1y : vv1 ry :
. .... .. of getting ;i job.
Scientists are on ly just coming to an
understanding of the true nature of space I the 3 She's in no ..... . .. to undertake such a physica lly
space. demanding trip.
2 This encyclopaed ia is incredibly heavy - whatever He was al lowed to leave the country on .
-__...,~---i5-it-maEle-eP-AA-iF0A-l-tFGFl.f-----------"'th"'a,...t_,_h""-"r>eo..lt""'u,_,_
rn""e.l.!
d_,,_w"-'-i!t..Lh!.!.Lin,_t!..Lhwre""e'-'w
C'!.:e'°'e<.1'k""
:, ._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
3 I need some advice I an advice abou l how lu look Anyone suffering from a serious med ic.J I ..
after my new goldfish . should think twice before undertaking strenuous
4 There hasn't been much news I many news about physica l exercise.
the latest volcan ic eruptions in Asia, so they can't
have been serious. 4 The team is now back to full ................. after a
number of injuries to key players last month.
5 I usually like to have a coffee I coffee before I do
anyth ing else in the morning. It's always an advantage to be able to negotiate
6 We had an amazing time I amazing time on a from a position of .............
wildlife safa ri last year ! It is easy to understand the .................... of public
7 They are doing excellent research/ an excellent feeling against the use of nuclear energy.
research into an imal behaviour at my loca l zoo. 5 1have abso IuteIy no ........... ........ what he means. 1

8 I just can't bear it if there's a hair I hair in my food

_ it makes me feel ill I Can you give me a general . ............ of what your
plans are7
9 We can't decide what to do until we find out
additional information I an additional information He still makes mistakes, but I th in k he's got the
about the whole thing. ri ght ······ ············· now.
10 A travel I Travel is one of my main free-time 6 He has shown no .. ....... in taking part in the trek
interests. across the mounta ins.
I believe that it is in the public ............. .. that the
2 Work with a partner. Are these words facts of the situation are made known.
countab le, uncountab le or both? How does the
There is a disturbing lack of .. ........ . in recycling in
meaning change if they're both?

l
the area where I live.
1 coffee 5 idea
2 hope 6 power TIP! Underline phrases that helped you to
3 water 7 authority id entify the missing word and add them to
4 point I your vocabu lary li sts .
·- ---------__J 117
Grammar reference p.194 (4)
 C\' IT J 0 Close to nature

Reading: gapped text (Part 2) 2 How important do you th in k it is to save ill.[ the
endangered species in the wor ld? Are some species
1 eas ier to sa ve than others? Why?/Why not?

1 Look at this list of endangered 2 You are going to read a newspaper article. Six
species. How many of each are there paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose
left approxim ate ly? Match each from the paragraphs A-G the one which fits each gap
anima l to a number. (1 - 6). There is one extra paragraph which you do not
1 Giant panda a) 48,500 need to use.
2 Bengal tiger b) 3,735
3 Orang -utan c) 1,600
4 Asian elephant d) 25,600 - 32,750
5 Black rhino e) 3,000 - 4,500

A safari to save the big cats

Getting Namibia's farmers on board a large conservation project has
been one of the challenges for the AfriCat Foundation.

Clive leaned out of the Land Rover's door and raised rivers, their land is as ruggedly beautiful as its soil is
his antenna, rotating it in a semi-circle. We listened poor. Their herds never thrived. For a while they even
hard. The receiver hissed. 'Nothing,' he said. 'Just encouraged commercial hunting instead. AfriCat and
white noise. ' We made off again down the track for a Okonjima's evolution as a luxury wilderness lodge in
couple of kilometres, past thick clumps of bush and the early 1990s changed all that.
thorn , to pause once more. And this time we clearly
heard the signal, a steady beep that announced our
quarry - a radio-collared cheetah - was near. Since July 1993, 868 cheetahs and leopards have been
rescued, 86 per cent of which were released into the
wild. Their guiding principle is this: relocating and
Mo, our cheetah, was on the move, but we eventually releasing a cheetah back into the wild is the only route
caught up with him dawdling in the long grass. He had to conservation. Even if it survives just a few years, that
last hunted a few days ago and was now contemplating may be long enough for a cheetah to rear cubs and
another meal. Just seven metres away, I could sense his secure another generation.
dismissive demeanour. So we left him to it, trotting
away into the seemingly infinite veld of central IsI
Namibia, and headed back to our villa. This ambitious project began in 2000 with the support
of the Tusk Trust. Here, in a I 0,000-acre enclosure now
restocked with game, young cheetahs are honing their
Donna Hanssen, one of the owners, explained the big hunting skills in preparation for final release. They are
cats' plight in Namibia. Much of this arid country is fed just enough not to starve but are largely forced to
given over to livestock and game farms. Cattle in fend for themselves. Generally, three months seems
particular require vast tracts of land and it's a generous sufficient to sharpen their hunting instinct.
farmer who shares his thin pastures with much game.

Old habits die hard, though. Once the hunks of donkey

Hanssen herself has a farming background . Her parents meat had been given out, each animal scampered off
moved here in 1970 and struggled to run a viable cattle with its own ration to consume it alone and fast, for in
farm . With its rocky hills and escarpments parcelling the wild scavengers often help themselves to cheetah
118 huge tracts of land threaded by seasonal streams and kills before they've even had a chance to tuck in .
 UN IT 10 Close to nature

3 Discuss th ese questions.

A Even at the best of times, it's not easy to
make a living. What's more, in the absence Whose responsibi lity is it to save endangered
of other prey, carnivores rapidly acquire a species'
taste for livestock - so are often shot on 2 Should money be spent 011 other thin gs (such as
sight. With Namibia estimated to have cli mate change) instead? Why and what'
nearly a quarter of the world's cheetahs, the
looming question was: could they cheat their 4 Match the verbs 1- 8 to words a-h to make
seemingly inevitable decline? a common collocation. Look back at t he article
B Leaving the track to head cross-country on to check your answers.
foot , we were steered by the equipment as to hone a) a taste for something
surely as ants to honey. 'Watch those 2 to fend b) an ankle
aardvark holes,' urged our guide, for not 3 to acqu ire c) into the wild
only can they twist ankles but it is not 4 to be shot d) your ski lls in someth ing
unknown for warthogs or leopards to occupy 5 to rear \ 1· .
e1 a i1v1ng
them. Neither likes a two-legged surprise on 6 to make f) young
its doorstep . 7 to be released g) on sight
C We drove for hours on tracks that ranged
8 to twist h) for oneself
from graded to barely defined. Small, flat-
topped hills, or kopjes, stood like sentries on
immense plains with tantalising horizons.
Th~ light w~s hri lli ant. the space
bewitching. Occasionally the forward
trackers radioed directions or updates to our
guides. The process resembled an elaborate,
grown-up version of hide-and-seek.
D One afternoon , we visited the vast Welfare
enclosure. ts c eeta s are unsm :anle !frbwr- -,1- - - -
rclease, usually because of injury or
habituation to man, and will forever need
feeding. They now associate vehicles with
food and within minutes several bounded
across the plain towards us.
E That apparent simplicity is deceptive. Many
rescued animals are orphaned cubs,
inexperienced in hunting. Mo , the cheetah
we had tracked earlier, exemplifies one
solution - rehabilitation .
F This formed part of the Okonjima guest
farm , run by the AfriCat Foundation, which
aims to safeguard the well-being of
Namibia's large carnivores, principally
cheetahs and leopards . What began as a
welfare mission has expanded into education
and , most importantly, the conservation of
these exquisite animals - exquisite, that is,
un less you happen to be a farmer.
I G Today, they try and work with farmers ,
encouraging them not to shoot predators on
sight and offering to remove the animals
instead. Altruism, you might say, bas

I emerged from pragmatism. Yet there is little

doubting the passion driving the Foundation.

119

I
 !''\IT JO Close to nature
-------·--·---

Exam focus 2 What does Jake suggest about Hollywood film s

about insects7
Paper 4 Listening: multiple choice
A Th ey have titles that don't reflect their content
(Part 3)
B They tend to put people off his own
programmes .
About the exam: Paper 4, Part 3 is a 3-4 minute
interview or discussion involving two or three C They lead people to take the an imals less
speakers. It is usually a media broadcast in which seriously.
a subject is discussed in depth. There are six D They do not necessarily feature the most
multiple-choice question s which follow the order dangerous species.
of the text, mostly focusing on the speakers' 3 Jake thin ks he was chosen to present the TV series
attitudes and opinions. Th e questions dea l with because
the main ideas in the text, but won 't use the
A he was already well -known as a presenter.
same words . Remember, they are testing your
B he was wil ling to be filmed in unpleasant places.
understand ing of longer pieces of text, not just
individual words or phrases. C he came across as relaxed and natural on screen.
D he had experience of explaining things to
Suggested procedure ch ildren.
1 You have a minute to read the questions
4 What does Jake say about the content of the
before the recording begins. Read them
programmes?
quickly, underlining the main words in the
question stem and options. A He likes to write his own script in advance.
2 Each question focuses on one piece of text and B He insists that any information given is accurate.
they come in order. Think about how t he text C He accepts that it is primarily intended as
will be divided into six parts - how will you entertainment
know when to move on to the next question? D He puts forward ideas for possible locations and
3 The first time you listen, concentrate on the activities.
question stem. Can you hear the answer to the
5 Jake fee ls that the incident with a baby elephant
question without look ing at the options? Is
he describes shows
there an option that matches the answer you
have heard? A how crucial it is to have expert guidance.
4 Listen again and check that the option you B how all an imals can behave unpredictably.
have rhosen is correct and the others are C how brave you need to be in his line of work .
wrong. D how the best bits ot action cannot be planned.
5 If you're not sure, guess. You've probably
6 In terms of his future plans, Jake suggests that
understood more than you think, and no
marks are deducted for wrong answers. A he hopes to travel even more extensively.
B he intends to continue with both of his jobs .
@) 1 You will hear an interview with Jake Willers, C he regrets having become a tel evision
a naturalist who is also the presenter of a wildlife personality.
programme ca ll ed Insects from Hell. For D he wou ld like to gain some broader work
questions 1- 6, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) experience.
wh ich fits best according to what you hear.
2 What sort of person do you think Jake is?
1 What attracts Jake to the type of an imals known as
Would you be able to work with th in gs li ke
arthropods?
insects?
A the scope that exists for future research
B the fami ly tradition of study in th is area If you cou ld meet him, what quest ions would you
ask Jake about his work?
C the amount of data that has been collected
D the number of individuals found in each species

120
 C.\'IT 10 Close to nature

Sniffer dog earns more than Police Chief rl

Keela the police dog is something (0) ... :.9.f..... a
star. Her special talent is (1) .................. able to I
1
locate tiny pieces of evidence that can later be
confirmed by forensic'tests. It is an ability which {
has (2) ........ .......... her in the forefronfof detective
work across Britain. Indeed Keela, a 16-month- t
I
old springer spaniel, has become (3) .................. an
,:
asset to South Yorkshire Police that she ended {
(4) ................... earning more last year than the
region's C:hief Constable .
.-J ·
Thought to be the (5) ...... one of her kind,
· '!: :""· ;
Keela is (6) ................. is called a 'scene-of-crime'
police dog, and her secret (7) ................ her sense of
£200,000 Dog smell. She has been traine.d to detect microscopic
tr<lf'P< Af hJnnrJ nn lllP<>'nnn< nA m<>ltPi' (j(\
JOB: crime scene investigation dog ---·-- ........ . .
~ ~-~-...... ·· --r--: --- , -- . . . -------- ,-1 ......
thoroughly they have been cleaned; even on
f
PAY: free accommodation and food;
earned £200,000 last year clothing washed several times !n biological
CAREER: joined South Yorkshire Police at
powder.
12 weeks - few m_onths training Keela, (9) ..:............. parents.were also police_dogs , ,
HOBBIES: chasing her tail, eating /"' ·· joined the forr.e at twelve weeks old and wa~ .[
£129,000 Man
quickly identified (10) .'.:.............:... having the pe1fect
temperament for this kind of work. In situations
JOB: Chief Constable
(11) .................... other dogs might bark and
PAY: £129,000 per year
(12) ........ .......... excited .on fihding something, Keela
CAREER: joined police in 1979; promoted to
Superintendent in 1995; promoted has the ability to stay completely still and
to Chief Constable in 1999 pinpoint a precise area with her nose.

~_., . ,.
__,...---·...-·
..•-
HOBBIES: rock climbing, mountain
---·-wa~~-J
-
..... ___..... _~.,,-· ...
Her unique talents mean that Keela is much
(13) .. .......... demand by police forces across the
country, and she is hired out to them at £530 a
day, plus expenses. (14) .. . ........... figure is ten
Use of English: open cloze (Part 2) times that (15) ...... an ordinary police dog
might earn, giving her owners an income of
1 around £200 ,000 per year.
1 Look at the information above about a po lice
dog and a po lice chief and answer the questions.
1 Why do you think the police dog earns more?
2 What special skills might the dog have 7 3 Find words or phrases in the text which
mean:
2 Read the text opposite quickly to see if you were
1 something of great va lue to someone
right. Ignore the gaps for the moment.
2 to have the right character for someth ing
2 Read the text and think of the word which 3 to locate something exactly
best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. 4 special ski lls which others don't have
There is an examp le at the beginning (O) . 5 very popular or sought after
121
 C\'IT 10 Close to nature

Grammar 2: intro ductory It 2 That most people feel indiffe rent to th e fate of
so me species of animals is unlikely.
IL
It as preparatory subject
3 For us to have seen a condor in th e wild was
thrilling.
Spoken sentences are often begun with a IL
preparatory it because this al lows the speaker 4 When you return my book doesn't rea lly matter.
to place more emphasis on the most important IL
part of what he or she wants to say. It also 5 That the conference will take place next month
sounds very natural. was confirmed yesterday.
IL
Example:
The heavy rain made driving difficult. Watch Out! • - - - - - - - - - -
~ All sentences in English need a subject. When there
It was the heavy rain that made driving difficult
is not an obvious one, use there in front of nouns
It emphasises the heavy rain. or noun phrases and it in front of adjectives and
noun clauses to provide a subject.
1 Which sentences are correct!
1 What is it emphasising or referring to in each a) Is hot today, don't you think?
pair of sentences? Underline the information. b) It is hot today, don't you think?
a) It was John who came out with me, not James. c) There's a man in the garden 1
b) It was Saturday that we went out, not Su nday. d) It's a man in the garden!
2 a) It's interesting how important pets are to many
people.
b) It's amazing what some people will do for th eir :-. Grammar reference p.196 (9.1)
pets.
3 a) It's important to be aware of environmental It as preparatory object
issues.
b) It's not unusual to find environmental issues on It ca n be used before the object of a verb, and
the front page of newspapers nowadays. in this case it is ca lled a preparatory object.
It can fol low the patterns below.
2 Look at the pairs of sentences again. Which
pair is emphasising: Subject/verb/it/infinitive or clause
an infinitive expression? I/find/it/hard to believe how many endangered
2 a clause beginning with a wh- word? species there are.
3 what comes first in the sentence? They/made/it/clear that they were fond of animals.
I/hate, love, like/it/when they sing that song.
2 The following sentences are all grammatically
correct, but would sound more natural if they
3 It is missing in each of these sentences. Put
began with it. Change each one, keeping the
it in the correct place.
meaning as close as possible to the original. Then
practise saying the sentence to a partner. 1 She thought was strange that he hadn't contacted
her.
Example: 2 His headache made difficult for him to concentrate.
That she should be told about it was essential. 3 She thought had been a mistake not to sign the
It was essential that she shou ld be told about it. contract immediately.
Just to catch sight of them in the wild was a 4 I found exciting that I was asked to take part.
privilege.
5 His behaviour made impossible for me to continue
It was a privilege just to catch sight of them in the to work on his project.
wild. 6 I hate when he shouts like that.
How easy it is fo r natural habitats to disappear is 7 I love when they have fireworks at a party.
frightening.
It .... . Grammar reference p.196 (9.2)
122
 UNIT 10 Close to nature

ft + reporting verb Speaking: sounding interested

It is common with reporting verbs or with 1
set phrases when the writer wants to
appear to be objective.
@1 Listen to two people ta lking about zoos and
answer the questions.
Example: Whi ch one sounds the most involved in what they are
It is thought that water once existed on Mars. saying?
2 Whi ch one doesn't sound very interested?
4 Rewrite these sentences using th e wrrecl 3 How did you decide?
form of t he word in brackets. 4 What effect does the attitude of th e speaker have on
Many people believe that global warm ing is the listener?
caused by human activity. (think) 2 Whi ch of the fo ll owing statements are true?
2 The evidence seems to show that world
To involve a partner in a conversation:
temperatures are ri sing. (appear)
3 Most people know that we should recyle • it is always necessary to disagree with them
wherever possible. (common) • it is a good idea to ask th em for th eir opin ion
4 The evidence suggests that there are many • it isn't a good idea to use question tags
species on the verge of extinction . (seem) • it is important to answer using more than one or two
words
• intnn ;:itinn i~ imnnrt;:int tn n i11p- ;:i-· nnnrl
.. · · - · · - · · · - · · ·- · · ·· .- - · - - ·· · - - -
~ -- .J -
imnrP~~inn
I

sentences contain a mistake wit h it. Find the • you shou ld talk a lot.
mistakes and correct them.
I cannot bear it to see people being cruel to 2 Which of the fo llowing phrases are engaging?
an imals. Which are off-putting? Try saying them to a partner
2 She loves it when peufJle ~ive lier 1Jre'.lt:r1L'.l. and see what thPy t hink .
3 I find it interesting to hea r you talk about your
experien ce in th e jungle. That's rea lly interesting - tell me more.
Do you think so?
4 He made obvious to everyone that he was not
No, I don't really agree - but what I think is ...
going to get involved in the project.
I suppose so.
5 I'll leave it to you to choose it th e film we
I totally agree - and what's more ...
watch.
A good point - it's absolutely true that ...
6 I knew it that they were unhappy about the
plan.
7 They owe it to us to be honest about thei r 3 · Discuss the fo llowing question with a partner:
fee lings. Do you think that zoos have a place in modern society?
8 It was James who gave me a lift last week.
1 Begin the conversation by expressing your view in a
bored way.
Other patterns with it 2 Then change to be more interested .
3 Finally change to sound interested, engaged and
There are some set expressions with it. involved.

4 Discuss these questions. Try to sound

6 Work with a partner. Comp lete these interested, and to engage your partner in the
sentences with your own ideas. Th en exp lain conversatio n.
your se ntences to your partner.
1 Does it rea lly matter if some animals become extinct?
It's rea lly vital that ... because ..
2 How can ordinary people help endangered animals7
It's exciti ng when ... as . 3 Do we have a respons ibi lity to future generations7
It's rea lly worth ... since ... What?
It's often said that ... but I think . 4 What can we learn from studying animals?
I take it that .. as ..

123
 C\ IT JO Close to nature
---- - - - - -·- - - - -

Vocabu lary: phrasal verbs and fresh en tidy do

compound nouns
3 Sorry I won't be joini ng you tonight, Ca rlo - I
Phrasal verbs with up and down have friends coming at the weekend, so I've got
to ............. ....... up the flat to get ready for them -
1 I've left things all over the floor! The whole
1 Look at th ese short texts containing phrasa l verbs place needs .................. up, though really I should
with up or down. Complete each gap us ing the .................. .. it up completely - redecorate
correct form of a verb from t he boxes. everywhere. Never mind - it' ll have to do for
now and they probably won 't mind too much I
keep make catch

I went on a tour of the wildlife park but I cou ldn't liven speed speak
. ............ up with the group - in fact, I got so far
behind that I was a bit worried I might get lost ! I tried 4
to ..... up with them, but whenever I thought I Wom an: Pete - this is a terrible connection - I
had ......... . up enough ground they moved away can't really hear you. Could you ..
before I actually reached them. Final ly, th e gu ide saw up a bit?
me, and stopped. Man : Can you hea r me now? I'm trying to tell
you that I'm going to be late - my train
is stuck outside Birm ingham and unless
it .... ............... up a bit, I won't make it
before nine.
Woman: Don't worry - the party will on ly just be
.................... up by then! We'll save some
food for you - just get here as soon as
you can.

die close settle track

5 Followinq fierce protests from animal rights

campaigners, the local zoo has been ..................
down while allegations of cruelty to the animals
are investigated. Police have managed to .
down video evidence which will be presented at a
court hearing next week. They have appealed for
protesters to ....... down, and keep away from
ca lm cut narrow the court at this time, to allow the strong feelings
already fuelled by the demonstrations to .......
down.
2
Man: The planet is in danger l We all have to 2 Now match each text to the general
.................... down on carbon emissions and recycle meaning of up or down common to all
more! 1 We have to do it now! the phrasal verbs in that text.
Woman: ................... down, James - don't pan ic so much!
I'm su re it's not as seri ous as you think - and A ind icates a difference in size or intensity
anyway what can we really do about it? B indicates that something is being improved or
Man: It's no wonder the planet's in trouble if prepared
everyon e takes that attitude ! Th ere's plenty C indicates thoroughn ess or completeness, and
we can do - experts have .. ..... it down to a usually of ending or change
few key things - like recycling. That's why I D indicates that someone is moving closer to
get so depressed thinkin g about it - we can someone else
all make a difference 1 E indicates an increase in quantity or intensity
124
 UNIT 10 Close to nature

2 Complete the fol lowi ng sentences with the .. n"t"

\1\1 .. 1ng: repor t (Part 1)
correct missi ng particle: up or down.
1 Old glass is often melted ................. for recycli ng. 1 Look at the fol lowing Part 1 task.
2 It's too hot to go out now - let's wait until later
when it might have cooled . ...... a bit Your school is plann ing to run a special event
3 Before he cou ld sell his old car he had to touch called World Awareness Day. The princ ipal has
......... the scratches to improve its appearance. asked you to write a report on the best way to
4 James sidled .................... to Jane and whispered to her. approach this and what to include, based on
s The bui lding had been burn ing steadi ly for an hour questionna ires completed by students.
when sudden ly the flames flared ..... ............... and it
Read the extracts from the questionna ires, and
started to collapse.
the suggested timetab le for the day. Write a
6 Don't creep ...... ......... on me like that I You made me
report for the principa l outlini ng the situation
jump!
and making recommendations for what shou ld
7 The zoo's debts were mou ntinq ............ .... . so the
be included and when, giving reasons.
owners began looking for official sponsors.
8 The original article was too graphic in its detai l so Write your report in180-220 words.
the editor watered it .................... before publication .

Compound nouns formed from verbs

., \ /\ tl_ :_L A. • • , _ _ ..(..LL--- ____ _._ ___ - - - -·-- .- ___ : l_l-"1
:J VVI I l l.I I lVVU V I LI l t'.)t::' :>t' ll lt:I l \...t'.) 0 1 t: f-JU:'.>.) l l.Jlt::::

The rain downpoured in the afternoon.

I
2 The ra in poured down in the afternoon. Sp0nsorecl dean-.up,of schoql -"- make peofDle see · \
3 There was a downpour in the afternoon.
4 There was a pourdown in the afternoon.
amount-of rubbisln
. ... around
~ .
~ ~.. _____
. ....__· ---·
: . . · · · · . ·I · ~· ........,,.,...._.~

4 Comp lete t he fo llowing sentences with a

Fines for_litter - money used for recycling bins in 1
compound noun made from the word in capita ls
school. Event wt// have a long-lasting effect! /
and a particle from the box. ~- ··~-------·---·----·----- ----··-···-J

up down out back away

The relationsh ip between the two groups had

suffered a complete BREAK
Bring friends from.ot:Jt$itJ,e school - sp~J~d'1h~ !
2 She suffered a bad stomach ................ after eating
some contaminated food. SET
.message! . . ·· ., · •. ' · '°· ·1
'-'---~ ........---~- ---....--·--.:..._...•
3 I like getting .. . ...... on my homework - it's
useful even if not always good ! FEED
4 I've got far too much stuff in my flat- I need to
have a complete .. CLEAR
5 I can't be bothered to cook tonight - let's get a
TAKE .: sponsor an.:anima17" cute one.like a potar .
6 The project suffered a severe .. .. when the ':.bear:... that'd be .tun! ·
main sponsor pu lled out SET
7 There was a great .................... for the rock concert,
including the country's number one singer. LINE I
8 The company's finances suffered a rea l ....... . '1-10 I~
after the chairman resigned. TURN lo-I~ acfHlf~?
9 The school leaver waited anxiously to hear the I~ I /Vncli
.......... ..... .... of his first job interview. COME 1- 'I aifNlt~? '
'
1O Some people can change their attitude and _,.,....r--~
,,.-..../-----·;--.____,.-,,... ,- ~ ,, --_J
develop a whole new .. ........ ..... on life. LOOK
125
 !' NIT 10 Close to nature

2 Now look at t he three plans that were 4

written by stud ents to answer the task.
1 Read t he first part of a samp le answer be low.
Whi ch plan do you think is best? Why?
Which plan does it fo ll ow?
Plan A
2 How has the writer dea lt with t he input?
• included everything in th e order given
I Surve~ guest.ions and answers
• used the same words
2 Ana l~sis of answers • grouped input ideas into logica l groups
3 Problems uncovered b~ surve~
Lt Suggest.ions tor the da~ This report wi ll assess suggestions made b~ students tor a World
..... ...,. ,,. .....__ ·, .. _,...,,.-- . J-~----·~ ..................~ -"":--·..~·;1''rl•---_.., . . . _ . ,j#" ............. ~f Awareness Da~ in the school, and make rec..ommendat ions for what
should be inc..luded in the da~.
Plan B
Surve~ resu lts
Suggestions were c..ollated from guestionnaires c..omple-1:.ed b~
80 per c..en-1:. of students. Most. were keen -1:.o support. the da~,
I Re.Mot\ for writ i"1 alt.hough some fe lt. that it. wou ld be useless and preferred a
2 !.r.;.rve.y re.sr.;.lts sporting ad ivi -1:.~ suc..h as a footba ll makh. Suggestions were
3 Re.coMMe.f\d1Atiof\s for the. d1Ay divided in-1:.o rec..ommendations for the da~, and ideas that would
4 Cof\clr.;.siof\ have an efted in the long-term. The former inc.. luded a vegetarian
lunch, films and ledures so that. people c..ould be informed, and
clearing up liHer in the sc..hool grounds. Among the most popular
long-term ideas were providing rec..~c..ling bins for the school,
Plan C bringing in people from other schools even though this would have
a knoc..k-on effed on the whole c..ommunit~, and also sponsoring
\ \. \ t, \ • \ { ~ ~
1
\. .· I. \ \'.. '. ; t
I
an endangered animal.
... .;.. ..... .;....:.
Rec..ommendat. ions
--~
·· t Inl:.mdud:.Loo ' · -. ... · ,. . · c, The proposed timetable has two slots for adivities .
.2. ~ foforrno.t.~b!'I o.bOik.. ef\~Lroo~~~,:~LssGe~ Recommendations for using the alloc..a-1:.ed times are:
; :!:,'-._5~v~~ '(e~l:.S·::. :;::··. -~ .. · -~ .. ·~ · . .
· ·· 4-. Su esb. oos fOr !:.he d~· · ·
. -~ 00·. - - - __ . . . ,..
~. ......... - ,- '··' -.
-·1 ~·- f·
5
1 Work wilh d partner. Discuss how to dea l with the
recommendations, and how they shou ld be
3 Here is some advice about writing a grouped in the time slots. Think about:
report in Paper 2, Part 1. Do you think the
• how many recommendations you shou ld make, given
advice shou ld be 'do' or 'don't'?
the time constraints
.......... begin by stating the purpose of the • whether any suggestion s are not useful for th e day
report • what activities could happen at the same time
2 ....... summarise given information • when lectures would be most acceptable and effective
succinctly • when outside work should be done.
3 ............... use adjectives and adverbs for effect
4 ..... ........... use bullet points where appropriate 2 Discuss the approach to take in the report. Shou ld
5 ......... ........... include all the words from the input you use bu ll et points or text? Wh ere should you
texts include your own opinion?
6 ... .............. divide t he report into sections with 3 Now complete the task with your own ideas.
head in gs if appropriate
4 Exchange your work with a partner. Give feedback
7 ...... develop ideas in task input with your
using the advice from Exercise 3.
own details
8 ... use an impersonal semi-forma l/forma l
6 Look at the task on page 192. Write your own
style
answer to the task, using the approach above as a
9 . . .... give your own opinion throughout
model.
10 ......... use appropriate li nking words
11 ....... use all the information from the input ·• Writin g reference pp . 206, 207
126
 UNIT~
6- 1 U Progress test
Use of English: multiple-choice cloze (Part 1)

1 For questions 1-12, read the text be low and decide wh ich answer
(A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an examp le at the beginn ing (0).

Happy to be average
At a dinner party I was at recently, conversation was (0) .... A .... fever pitch. A group
of very boring parents were (1) .............. ...... about just how exceptional their children were .
'Little Rosie was walking almost before she was born,' said one. 'That's nothing! Little
Bobby was using conditional tenses at thirteen months and was even (2) .................... his
mother,' said another.
Then came the (3) .................. of a woman who had, until then, chosen to (4) ..
silent. What (5) .................. was her child bringing into the world? The table hushed as she
spoke. 'Well, Theo's entirely average,' she said. 'But I love him.'
How brave she was to value the average, thereby elevating it to the extraordinary. The
ironic thing, (6) .................. , was that the rest of the dinner guests then started to compete
all over again, saying that actually their child was (7) ... ...... more average than hers
because, etc., etc. It made me (8) ......... ........... that being confident enough to say you are
entirely average (9) ... ... ........ that you 're actually anything but.
The world is full of superlatives. We have become (10) .................... to everything being
new, brilliant, fabulous, the latest or the best ever. So much so that we too (11) ..
talking like the advertisers who are always telling us that things are glamorous, fairy-
tale, glittering and wonderful. I'm sure that I'm not (12) .... .. ............ in feeling very tired
of it all.

0 A reach ing B raising C getting D making

1 A applauding B praising C boasting D complimenting
2 A altering B correcting C amending D revising
3 A attempt B go C turn D try
4 A rema in B repose C rest D resist
5 A gifts B donations C presents D contributions
6 A therefore B even though C nonetheless D of cou rse
7 A effectively B considerably C eventually D constructively
8 A perceive B imagine C rea lise D suppose
9 A means B tells C speaks D points
10 A acknowledged B accepted C accustomed D acquainted
11 A fall back B come down C get round D end up
12 A individual B unique C single D lonely

l
127
 UN ITS 6- 10 Progress test

Use of English: open cloze (Part 2)

2 For questions 13-27, read t he text below and th ink of the word wh ich best fits
each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Th ere is an examp le at t he beginning (0) .

Save the rhinos

The Save the Rhino Trust (SRT) is located (0) .. .Jn.. . the northwest of Namibia, far away from the
country's farming heartland. Its cause is a black rhino subspecies commonly known (13) .. ...... the
'desert-adapted' rhino, a hefty beast that trots up hillsides to escape (14) .. .... ..... ... worst of the heat,
drinks only every third (15) .................... fourth day and eats plants (16) ... ............ sap is poisonous to man .
These fellows are nothing if (17) .................... survivors.
By the early 1980s, poachers had nearly wiped them (18) .................... Some hunters even shot them from
helicopters - (19) . .................. much for notions of sportsmanship. (20) ............ ..... their lowest point, there
were perhaps 55 individuals left - but a recent census estimated about 130. That might seem a
spectacular turnaround (21) .................... it needs to be viewed against an overall fall in Africa's black rhino
population of around 90 per cent (22) ................ 1960.
In search of these elusive animals, I had come to the Palmwag concession - a former farm (23)
the land had originally been tamed by (24) ............ ........ rid of all the rhino. Now, there is a magnificent area
of wilderness (25) .................... aside for considerate tourism, game drives and the SRT base. This year's
pmticularly wet rainy season meant the rhino were harder to find. There was (26) .... ... ..... a lot of water
around that (27) ..... of keeping close to perennial springs, the rhino were wandering far and wide,
enjoying a spell of rich and plenty. We were forced to do the same .

Use of English: word formation (Part 3)

3 For questions 28-37, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at
the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
There is an example at the beginning (0) .

Working at a theme park

Working as a Personal (0) ..8..E;,~.i~.t.PJtrt (PA) at a theme pm·k can be ASSIST

a lot of fun. It can offer a varied role and a friendly teamwork
atmosphere, (28) .................... to Suzy Baines who has worked at one ACCORD
of the largest in England for fifteen years. Suzy is now PA to
the theme park's Head of (29) .................... . As she says, in her job, MARKET
no two days are the same.
'I can't imagine working anywhere else - it really is so much
fun . Apa1t from PA duties, I organise (30) . and the CONFER
(31) ...... our staff make at them, and take the minutes in PRESENT
meetings. The staff here are a (32) .................... bunch, and so I get CREATE
involved in the planning of new attractions. But my main job
is to act as a (33) ............. I produce a weekly news-sheet for COMMUNICATE
staff to keep them up-to-date with all the latest (34) .................... . DEVELOP
We have around 550 permanent staff and a further 1,300 work
here on a (35) .................... basis during the summer months. SEASON
The people here are all like family and everybody (36) .. GENUINE
cares about everybody else. But if you're having a (37) ... FRUSTRATE
day and things are getting on top of you, there 's no better cure
than leaving everything and going for a ride on a rollercoaster! '
128
 UNITS 6- 10 Progress test

Use of English: gapped sentences Use of English: key word

(Part 4) transformations (Part 5)
4 For questions 38-42, think of one word on ly 5 For questions 43-50, comp lete the second
which can be used appropriate ly in all three sentence so that it has a simi lar meaning to the
sentences. Here is an example (0). first sentence, using the word given. Do not
Example: change the word given. You must use between
O Naomi is a very approachable woman and people find three and six words including the word given .
her 6..EJ.6.Y.. tu Lalk Lu. Here is an examp le (0).
Example:
My grandmother thinks that I have a very ..e.?..S.Y. ... life
compared to her experience of being a teenager. 0 The two fri ends were sitting on their own looking at a
computer screen. FRONT
It's ...tl.iil.S.Y.. to see why so many people support the loca l
team who have done so well in recent seasons. The two friends were sitting by .~ht1.'!IS.e.lv.es.Jn.Jr..o.rito..f
a computer screen.
38 Tom and Angela were disappointed not to receive a
........... of cutlery as wedding present. 43 I think it would've been nice to have had an older
sister. WISH
The college is drawing up a .................... of rules regarding
I ................. an older sister.
the use of the computer facilities in the library.
Elsa has been collecting Star Wars figurines for 12 44 The car rea lly needs cleaning. TI ME
years, and needs one more rare figure to complete the It's high ....................................................... cleaned .
45 I was just about to send you an email with al l the
39 As sales continued to decline, Patrick had no .. information. POINT
but to close down the business. I was ............................. ........... you an emai l with all the
At the new shopping centre, customers will find a wide information.
.................... of qoods on display. 46 Raymond is obsessed with buying football memorabili a
Although Sally Green would have been Paul's .. on the Internet. BECOME
for the job, other members of the interview panel had Buying football memorabilia on the Internet
different ideas. · ....................................... for Raymond.
40 So did you .............. ..... any conclu sions once you'd 47 'Having children changed my life,' said Molly. WHICH
completed your research into the issue? Molly sa id that it ............................... her life.
People don't need to learn how to ........ .... .. these days
48 Lots of people think that global warming has been
as most designs can be created on a computer.
exaggerated by the media. WIDELY
To decide who had won first prize, the organisers of
Global warming is ....................................................... exaggerated
the competition decided to .................... the names out of a
by the media.
hat.
49 The sun was so strong that wa lking across the sand
41 Tom's story about the dog was rather boring and failed
dunes became exhausting. STRENGTH
to ..... the group's attention.
It was ....................................................... made wa lking across the
We didn't take the car on holiday as the boot wasn't sa nd dunes so exhausting.
large enough to .................... all our luggage
50 'I reckon you shou ld turn left here,' sa id the old man
Clarice went on to ................... a number of responsible
we'd asked for directions. ADVISED
positions in the company before her retirement in
2005. The old man we'd asked for directions
..... a left turn there.
42 My clothes feel very .................. since I lost weig ht.
I had to pay for the cup of coffee with a £20 note
because I didn't have any ....... change.
The little girl had had a .................... tooth for some weeks,
and on Friday evening it fina lly ca me out.

129
 UN IT
11 Always on my mind

Grammar 1: mod aI verbs 2 2 Underline ten examp les of modal

verbs in th e past form in the text.
1 .· Match them to t he following uses:
Possibility:
1 Read through the text below. Whi ch person is describing:
a) the earliest memory!
b) an impossible in cident!
c) an event that could have had serious results? Logical deduction:
d) a family celebration 7 Obligation/necessity:
Advice (weak obligation):
EARLIEST MEMORIES Permission:
Ability:
Julie
I remember sitting on my grandmother's lap for a birthday, I think it was
,.._...o;)...:.'l• mine because they told me I could blow out the candles and I kind of knew Grammar reference p.196 (1 O)
·the concept of it but didn't know quite how to do it. I remember crying
1.. when one of my cousins eventually had to blow out the candles. Anyway,
2 Complete the sentences using a
when I told my mother this, she said I couldn't have remembered it past modal verb from Exercise 1.
because it was only my second birthday, but I'm sure I do. Sometimes two answers are possible.
I think my earliest memory is when my
Helen little brother was born, and I cried
I was on holiday at the seaside. I went down to the edge of the sea to because I wanted a little sister - but I'm
play, then when I looked back I couldn't see my family. So I not sure if I actua lly remember it, I
wandered along the beach looking for them. I walked and walked ........... I ................... remembered hearin g
for a long time, but I don't remember feeling scared or anything. my parents tell the story.
. Then an old couple found me and took me back to their home 2 I was playing with someone in the
and gave me something to eat. Then eventually they called the garden - it .................... I .................... been my
police - which they ought to have done in the first place, of sister, beca use she's five yea rs younger
course - and my parents came to collect me. They must than me.
have been incredibly worried - I'd been lost for four hours. 3 My father says when he was little he
had to ask if he .................... leave the table
after meals, and he wasn't allowed to
One of my earliest memories, from when I was about four, is seeing unless he'd finished all his food.
a speedboat race across a moonlit sky. Honest, it's there in my 4 I got into trouble with my grandfather
mind's eye and I can even remember thinking 'That's weird' at the once beca use he gave me some mon ey
time. I suppose it can't have happened. People say it might have and I lost it - he sa id I ...... been
been a dream, but I'm sure I remember it. more careful.
S I remember I jumped into a swimming
Gary pool once when I was just six, and I
My eighty-year-old grandmother once told me that she cou ld quite ..... .............. swim, but fortunate ly it was just
clearly remember being born! She described the traumatic experience the shallow end so I was OK.
of suddenly being surrounded by bright light and loud voices 'like 6 My mother says th at when I was tiny
someone turning the volume right up on the television'. She also she went shopping with me in my
remembered that later on she felt calm and settled and said that pushchair and left me outside a shop
this may have been as the nurse gave her to her mother to hold in and didn't remember until she got
.~ . . her arms.
home - she ........ . ... .. ru n all the way
--~--·-----·----------------------> back!
130
 UNIT 11 Always on my mind

Vo!abulary 1 Expressions with mind and brain(s)

2
Expressions with take
1 Complete the se ntences using the correct form of
expressions from the box.
1 Complete the short dialogues by matching
each sentence to a response below. speak (your) mind
take (your) mind off something
It was a long time before he could take it all in out of (your) mind
and understand what people were telling him . read someone's mind
2 The class took to the new teacher the moment put (your) mind at rest
she walked into the classroom. change (your) f11i11d
3 You can't take anyone else on - the budget make up (your) mind
just won't stand it. have something on the bra in
4 You cope so we ll - you always take everything pick (someone's) brains
in your stride. rack (your) brains
5 Sometimes it's easy to take advantage of
people, especially when they are rather naive.
Example:
6 I think the boss really takes me for granted
She never sticks to what she says - she's always
sometimes - he never thanks me for the work
I do. (;.h?ngirig .h~r..1J1ind. .
7 The show was amazi ng - it really took my I wish he would decide what he wa nts to do - he can
breath away. never ............ ..
8 Running the department sing le-handed is hard 2 I've got an essay to write on psychology, and you
work - it's taken a lot out of you and you need know a lot about it - can I ....... . ..... for some
to watch your health. ideas?
9 If you feel bad about what she said, then take 3 You seem to have a lot of problems - why don't you
it up with her - don't let it go . come to the cinema to stop you thinking too much -
10 When he told me about the job I took it as an it wi ll .................. . ... your difficulties for a wh ile.
offer, but in fact he was just talking in general 4 That's a crazy thing to suggest - I think you must be
terms and I'd got the wrong end of the stick. ............................. to think it wou ld work !
a) That's true, but it's just a case of doing what's 5 I downloaded that tune last week and now I can't
right and not asking too much of them. stop singing it - I've ....................... .
b) I real ise that - I'll be carefu l not to overdo it and 6 You've thought of exactly th e same idea as I did - you
get ill. must have .. .. .... !
c) I think everyone felt the same - she's so 7 If you are worried about the situation, then you'll
charismatic and easy to like. have to tell someone - don't be afraid to
d) Wel l, perhaps they just weren't explaining the ............. and te ll them how you feel.
situation clearly enough . 8 If you go and speak to a doctor, then he can reassure
e) I know - we can't really affmd to pay the staff you about your concerns - he can .
we've got already. 9 He had no idea what to do, and spent a long time
f) So you misunderstood what he was saying - ............ .... ..... trying to th ink of a solution.
that's a shame ! 2 Now tel l a partner what you think the
g) Thanks - I do try not to make things more expressions in the box mean .
difficu lt than they are.
h) You should te ll him how yo u feel - it's not nice 3 Tell a partner about a tim e:
to feel unappreciated at work. • something took your breath away
i) I know - I've never seen anything like it. It was • someth ing took a lot out of you
fantastic I • you changed your mind
j) You 're right - I'll speak to her about it in the • you racked your brains about something
morning. • you spoke your mind
2 Now te ll a partner what you t hink th e • you rea d someone's mind.
high lighted expressions mea n.
131
 l.' N !T l 1 Always on my mind

Exam focus 3 In the th ird paragraph, the writer suggests that

A there are ways of improving so meone's memory
Paper 1 Reading: multiple choice (Part 3)
B people will need their memori es less in the
future.
About the exam: In Paper 1, Part 3, you read a
C technology has increased our potential memory
long text and the n answe r seve n four-option
load.
multiple-choi ce qu estions which t est your
detail ed understanding of the main ideas in t he D our brains are good at prioritising what to
text, as well as th e attitud e and op ini on of th e remember.
writer. Th e questions fo ll ow the order of the text 4 The writer quotes Dr Larry Jacoby to help explain
and may focus on the mean ing of who le why in social situations
paragraphs, on points of deta il or the use of
A people often fa il to remember the details of
particu lar express ions.
long anecdotes .
Suggested procedure B people tend not to pay close attention to what
1 Read the task rubric, heading and any sub- others are saying.
head ings to see the type of text you are going C people don't reali se when others are not real ly
to read and someth ing about the topic. listening to them .
2 Skim t he text qu ick ly to get a genera l idea of D people may forget who it is they have told a
what it is about and how it is organ ised. Think particu lar story to before.
about the ma in top ic of each paragraph. 5 In the fifth paragraph, the writer
3 Look at each question stem, but not at the
A acknowledges the truth beh ind a popular belief.
options for the moment. Mark the part of the
B admits that she makes little effort to recall
text where you expect to find the answer to
certain details.
each of the questions.
C accepts that her short-term memory is bound to
4 f\low read the text carefu lly. When you reach a
deteriorate.
part you have marked, look at the question
stern and th e options and decide which of D agrees with the suggestion that memory loss
t hem is correct. may be avoidable.
6 The phrase 'to this end' (line 78) refers to
1 You are going to read a magazine article
A preventing short-term memory loss.
about memory. For questions 1-7, choose the
B understanding ourselves better.
amwer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best
C remembering th ings in detail.
accord ing to the text.
D improving social skills.
1 What does the writer imply about the singer Tori
Amos? 7 What does the writer suggest about the event
ca lled Stop the Clock?
A She is not alone in suffering from unexpected
lapses of memory. A Much of it was about memory rather than the
B She could give no explanation for her sudden perception of time.
loss of memory. B It did not really address important issues to do
C She is more th an usually prone to short-term with memory.
memory loss. C Part of it was of particular relevance to her
D She may have forgotten her lines as the result of professionally.
an illness . D It was hard to give the discussions her full
concentration.
2 Th e writer mentions two of her friends in the
context of short-term memory loss in order to 2 Do you have a good memory? What things
A show how different people react to it. do you find easy or difficult to remember? Why?
B illustrate how preva lent it currently is.
C demonstrate how embarrassing it can be.
D underline how it affects people in different
ways.

132
 t a recent concert in Los Angeles, the singer Tori But some experts think there is another reason why
A Amos was midway through her hit song Winter
when, suddenly; inexplicably; she forgot the lyrics.
we forget the details of social conversations. Often, we 45
don't remember things because we're not listening.
Rather than warbling on about fires burning and flowers Instead, we're tuning in to our inner dialogue, the one
5 competing for the sun as her eager fans were expecting, that's going 'Does this shirt look OK?' or, even more
she stopped in her tracks and started singing about how distracting, 'What am I going to say next?' Another
tired she was feeling. Amos, it seems, had become the hazard of social-memory loss is unwittingly retelling the so
latest victim of the short-term memory-loss epidemic. same anecdote to the same audience on different
It's a particularly modern affliction. We are fast occasions. There is, apparently, a reason for this. 'Two
1o becoming the amnesia generation, plunged by the ever- processes are at work when we tell an anecdote,' says Dr
increasing pace of our lives into a fog of retold Larry Jacoby at the University of St Louis. 'The
anecdotes, lost information and missed ~~~-....._ first is the sheer familiarity of the tale, built 55
appointments. I was driving through up over many tellings. This makes it all too
London in a friend's car recently; when the likely to swim into our consciousness.
heavens suddenly opened. 'Oh dear!' my The second is the recall of whether you
friend screamed, helplessly cranking have told this group this story before.
various buttons and levers. 'I can't ~ As long as that works, you will not 60
remember how the windscreen wipers bore them with it again. But recall
work.' Another friend managed to depends on well-functioning frontal
20 cruise through town for a full forty- lobes.'
rive minutes before reaiising that aii ll useu LU ue wiueiy Lituu15l1L lital
those people were not, in fact, waving short-term memory worsened witl1 age, 65
and pointing at her new haircut, but at while long-term memory got sharper.
the briefcase that she had left balanced This would certainly explain why I can
25 on the roof of her car. I' remember the songs my mother played

All tlle evidence is that our memories when I was growing up, but cannot recall the
aren'L what they used to be. Indeed, in a recent name of our new neighbour. Alas, the memory 70
report, the think tank Demos predicts that we could experts aren't prepared to let us off so easily: 'Memory is
become a society of memory haves and have-nots, with a muscle. Use it or lose it,' advises expert Robert Allen, for
30 only those who can afford to pay for costly brain- example, and he would seem to have a point.
enhancement treatments getting the best opportunities Of course, memory is not just about remembering
in life, from exam passes to the boardroom. But are our names or where we put the keys. It is about who we are. 75
memories gettmg worse, or is it just that we don't care If we can't even remember the details of what we said
enough to remember? We are bombarded with so much and to whom, then how can we possibly hope to make
35 more ihformation than previous generations. In days sense of our lives? To this end, London's Southbank
gone by; you niight have known only thirty people in your Centre recently staged Stop the Clock, a month-long event
entire lifetime. Now, you probably talk to thirty new devoted to the perception of time. During the event, the 80
people in a single day. That's a lot more to remember. And Dutch thinker and memory guru Douwe Draaisma led a
technology, hasn't helped. We no longer dial numbers, we discussion looking at why we remember certain things
40 just press a key: We don't need to remember birthdays or and not others, and the impact of memory on writers. It
anniversaries or the times of important meetings when was very thought provoking, apparently and I had fully
we have software to beep at us, and our brains have intended to go. But when it came to it, I was so 85
adapted accordingly: preoccupied with other things that it slipped my mind.

3
familiarity with something a number
1 Match the following verbs to a word or phrase someone off easily in her tracks my mind
to form a common expression used in the text. into our consciousness a key anecdotes

to stop to sl ip to press to bu ild up

2 Which of the expressions means: a) to forget
to swim to dial to tell to let
b) to get to know something?

133
 Ci\ I T 11 Always on rny mind

Use of English 1: multip le-choice 3 Talk about th ings that

• help you to concentrate
doze (Pa rt 1) • prevent yo u from co ncentrating.
1 2 Read the text quick ly to compare your ideas
with those of th e writer. Ignore the gaps for
1 Discuss t hese questions.
the moment.
How easy do you find it to concentrate
• when you're doing homework? 2 Read the text agai n and decide which
• when you're watch ing a film? answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is
• when you've got something on your mind? an examp le at the beginning (O) .
2 How long can you concentrate for?

How to concentrate

Concentration is good in exams , bad in orange juice. Concentration happens when you (0) A
to focus on one thing to the (1) ......... ........ of all others, and concentrating on that one thing (2) ......
you to stop worrying about a lot of other things. Sometimes, of course, your mind concentrates when
you don't want it to. Maybe you can't get something out of your head, such as a problem you have to
(3) ...... ..... up to, or an embarrassing situation you've been in. That's why collecting things as a
hobby is popular; it (4) .............. ...... your mind off other things. Indeed , some people seem to prefer
looking after and cataloguing their collections to actually doing anything with them, because this is
when the (5) .................... , single-minded concentration happens.

The natural span for concentration is 45 minutes. That's why half an hour for
a television programme seems too short (6) .................. an hour seems too long.
But many people's lives are (7) .................... of concentration. Modern culture is
served up in small, (8) .................... digestible chunks that require only a short
(9) ...... ....... ....... span - although young people can concentrate on computer
games for days at a (10) .................... .

Sticking out the tongue can aid concentration. This is because you
can't (11) ................... yourself with talking at the same time and
other people won't (12) .................. to interrupt your thoughts,
because you look like an idiot!
Copyright Guardian News & Media Ltd 2006

0 A manage B achieve C succeed D accomplish

1 A removal B exclusion C om ission D rejection
2 A lets Bmeans C makes D allows
3 A face Bconfront C tackle D meet
4 A brings Bputs C holds D takes
5 A arresting Bgripping C absorbing D enthralling
6 A otherwise Bwh ilst C whereby D thus
7 A absent B devoid C lacking D deficient
8 A gently B plainly C surely D easily
9 A attention B application C consideration D contemplation
10 A length B stroke C time D sequence
11 A sidestep B distract C sidetrack D disturb
12 A risk B chance C dare D brave
134
 UNIT 11 Always on my mind

Grammar 2: emphasis with 2 Rewrite these sentences using the adverbial

in brackets at t he beginn ing and make all t he
inversion other changes necessary to give greater emphasis
to each one.
1
I had just sat down to read the newspaper when
1 Tick the sentence wh ich is more emp hatic in the telephone rang. (Hardly)
each of t he fo ll owin g pa irs. Mark t he words
2 Less than a second after she stood up to speak the
t hat have been inverted wit h arrows.
fire alarm went off. (No sooner)
Example: 3 He forgets people's names and ulso finds it hurd to
a) I had on ly just sat down to eat when the phone remember place names. (Not only)
rang . n 4 You shou ld never let anyone into your house unless
you have seen their ID. (Under no circumstances)
b) Hard ly had I sat down to eat when the phone
rang . ./ 5 She never doubted that he was te ll ing the truth.
(Al no time)
a) Seldom have I come across such a strange story. 6 I started to write the letter and then real ised that I
b) I have seldom come across such a strange story. had lost their address. (On ly after)
2 a) You must not leave your bag unattended at any
time. 3 Rewrite these sentences using standard
b) At no time must you leave your bag unattended . word order to make them less emphatic.
3 a) I didn't rea lise how hot it was unti l I went into
Rarely do you find a household without a
the garden.
computer these days.
b) Not until I went into the garden did I rea lise how
2 Hardly had she started to have a shower when the
hot it was.
postman knocked at the door.
4 a) You mustn't go back into the build ing after
3 Only after I had left for the airport did I remember
midn ight no matter what happens.
that my passport was still in my desk in the study.
b) Under no circumstances must you go back into
4 Not on ly did he trust her, he never doubted her
lhe uui lding afte1· midnig ht.
loyalty to him.
5 a) Not only did I hate the book, but I hated the fi lm
5 At no time in recent history have we seen such
of the book too !
rapid progress in medical science.
b) I hated the book and I hated the fil m of the
book too! '4 Comp lete the second sentence so that it has
2 Complete the ru le. a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You
When words and phrases like not only, under no
must use between three and six words, including
circumstances, ............. ..... , .... , .................... and .....
the word given.
begin a sentence the .. . and subject are inverted.
Jane realised what she'd forgotten to do as soon as
Watch Out! no sooner/hardly..., _ _ _.... she arrived. SOONER

~
hoose the correct alternative in each sentence. No .. ................ ................... she rea lised what she'd
forgotten to do.
hen complete the ru les below
) No sooner had he left the room than I when 2 The use of mobile phones is absolutely forbidden
they started talking about him. inside the laboratory. MUST
b) Hardly had he left the room than /when they Under ........................ ........ .......................... used inside the
started talking about him. laboratory.
Use .................. when you start a sentence with no 3 It's not often that you find someone with such a
sooner. good memory. COME
2 Use .................. when you start a sentence with Seldom ............... .... ..................................... someone with such a
hardly. good memory.
4 It was th e first time that I'd tried mental activiti es
to help me concentrate. BEFORE
Grammar reference, p.195 (6 .2)
Never . ................................... mental activities to help
me concentrate.
135
l" :\ I T 11 Always on my mind

Speaking 11: individual long turn Vocabulary 2

(Pa rt 2)
Phrasal verbs with think
1 1 Choose the best prepos it ion t o comp lete
1 Work w it h a pa rt ner. Read t he fo llowing exa m t he phrasa l verbs in each of th ese sentences.
t as k. How many parts are t here to t he task? His suggestion does make sense - at least it's
somethi ng to thi nk about I on.
Look at the pictu res. They show people concentrating 2 I can 't thin k of I about anythi ng better to do in
in different situations. I'd li ke you to compare two of this situation.
the pictures, and say why it is important for the people 3 Their proposal needs to be carefully thought
to concentrate in these situati ons and how easy it out I of before they put it to th e committee
might be for them to concentrate. fo rmally.
4 I can 't make up my mind im mediately - I need
more time to th ink th ings over I up.
2 Take turns to choose two pictures, and th en do 5 The whole day was a complete disaster -
th e t ask. Remember to ta lk about th e second part
whoever planned it didn't thin k thin gs out I
of th e task (highlighted), and practi se timing
through careful ly enough.
yourse lves so t hat you f ee l how long a minute
6 The student was stand ing outside the
actuaIly is.
classroom trying to think over I up a good
excuse for being late.
'2 Whi ch situation do you think is t he most
difficult to concentrat e in?
 liN IT 11 Always on my mind

Expressions with think 3 Te ll a pa rt ner about a tim e you needed to

2 Read t he t ext below, and repl ace t he • think outside the box
highlighted phrases with th e correct form of an • think on your feet.
expression from th e box. You may need to make
oth er ch anges to th e sentence.
Use of English 2: gapped
think the world of thin k outside the box
th ink positively think on (your) feet
sentences (Part 4)
th ink better of (someth ing) think straight
Think of one word which ca n be used
appropriately in all th ree se ntences.
. ' .
'
1 During the concert, Tori suffered an unexpected
Jaines was finding it hard to concentrate. ................ of memory fo r a few minutes.
He knew that he had to·. work on his Th e owners do not accept any respor1)ibili ty for
essay, but he was finding it hard to ............. .... or damage to vehicles pa rked in this ca r
(1) organise his thou~hts clearly because park.
his mind was in such turmoil. It was hard Wh en Jason set up his own business he expected
to forgyt that his ~e.st friend, who (2) was t to make a .... ..... ........... fo r the first few months.
the most 2 Chloe realised that it was pointless arguing with
.. ' important
·- .
person..in his . life, was
\ .
at that very moment struggling to pass his · her bG'.:;j J ~Y further beca~se thej' '."-'e ~e c!e3 r!y not
' of the sa me ....... ............. on th e issue.
·· entry test for university. James had
The good th ing about having such a close friend is
already advised Neil to (3) approach the 1 . that I ca n almost read his . . , and never have
whole thing expecting to succeed, but.he to ask hi m what he th inks.
knew that Neil was very nervous even The fact that he'd offended Tania had been on
though he had done a lot of work in Terry') ................... tor some time.
preparation for the written test. James 3 Lookin g at Barry's assignment, you get a rea l
. also knew that Neil would have to pass ..... .. of the pride he takes in his work .
an interview as well as a itt!mtest all! Th ere is no .................... in washing the ca r before the
that he couldn't prepare..anythirig foi t ·s ' journey, it' ll only need doing aga in once we get
- IC ' • •
there.
. . i ·he would have to(~) react to whatever
Fortunately, Louis .had the .................. to check th e
'the inter\riewers. asked him. It would be brakes before he rode off on the bike he'd
important for Neil to make a good · borrowed.
imptession, but then he ha9 always· been 4 Fiona had a free afternoon, so was able to give th e
good at presenttng original ideas - ·he was problem her full .. . ...... .. .
good at {5) approaching topics or ' . Th e new research has been th e subject of
problems from new and unusual angles. considerable media ............. ...... recently.
EventU'ally James gave up on trying to I think we should bring the problem to the ... ..
work and decided he would call Neil. of the local council.
5 Sarah had to admit th at 'min d gym' was a .
she'd never come across before.
The loca l politician is hoping to be re-e lected for a
second ... ................. of office.
I think that in the short ... ..... . , we should
concentrate on keeping the service running.

137
 L\'IT 1 1 Always on my mind

listening: se nte nce com pl etion 4 Were your predictions for qu estion s 1, 5
and 6 correct?
(Part 2)
Would you enjoy a laughter therapy session?
1 Discuss these questions. What sort of people do you th ink go to
What makes people laugh 7 them?
2 How do you feel after having a good laugh about
something7
3 Is it easier to laugh with oth er people? Why? Writing: article (Part 2)
4 Is laug hter always a sign of happiness?
1 In Paper 2, Part 2, you may have to write
·2 Look at the task in Exercise 3. an article. Even though they may be on
different top ics, good articles share some
1 Before you listen, think about: common characteristics.
• the type of words that are missing in each gap
1 Work with a partner. Think about any
• the type of information you are listening for in each
magazine articles you have read recently
answer.
and suggest possible characteristics of a
2 Ca n you predict what some of t he missing words good article.
might be?
2 Now read the following arti cl e which
comes from a genera l interest magazine,
@ 3 You will hear a radio presenter ca lled Tom
and see if any of your points are included .
Membury introducing a programme on t he subject of
laughter yoga and its founder Dr Kataria. Comp lete
the sentences.
1 What is it that makes you feel happy? Is it
what happens to you, or is it how you feel
about it? And have you ever considered the
question anyway'

2 Accord ing to psychologists, it's not events

~ . :.. . ..· .. '.. ~· ;, ,
\ . ' (good or bad) that determine our feeling of
well-being, but how we think and react to
them. Very successful people can be miserable
if they have a constant sense of having just
missed out on something - conversely, people
who appear to have less can feel incredibly
happy and fortunate because they va lue what
they have. It's the old 'is the glass half empty or
half fu ll?' question, and you r answer is crucial .
 U:\'IT 11 Always on my mind

3 Match a purpose below to each paragraph. 3 rh etori ca l questions ad dressed directly to the reader
There is one purpose you do not need to use. 4 speaking directly to th e reader, using 'you'
a) Provide background information 5 using grammatica l stru ctures to give emphasis
b) Introduce the main idea 6 giving interesting or su rpri sing facts or information
c) Give examples and further details 7 using a range of interesting vocabu lary, often
d) Engage the reader in the topi c colourful
e) Summarise discussion and draw conclusions 8 backing up ideas with specific deta ils and concrete
examples
4 Choose the best title for the article. 9 in clud inq direct speech
a) Good and bad fee lings 10 having an interesting and 'punchy' final paragraph
b) Coming to terms with envy or conclusion
c) Go for gold, but be happy with less
3 · The writer has used a lot of interesti ng and
2 Here are some suggestions that might varied voca bu lary, including expressions.
make any article interesting. How many of 1 Wh at do you th ink the following sayings or
t hese are included in the article you have just expressions in th e article mean?
read?
a) Is the glass half empty or half full?
1 attention -grabbing title
b) The grass is always greener on th e other side of
2 intriguing and thought-provoking opening the fence .
paragraph r) ThP11 nP11Pr imrininP rlnnr ~ r ln ~ i nn nnl11 nnPn inn
1 .J ....1 ....I' ,I I .....I

2 Find words or express ions in the article that

mean the same as:
3 But how do we get to be 'glass half-full' on the other hand (para 2)
people7 One suggestion is not to compare 2 vital, very important (para 2)
yourself with others, especially those who 3 something we thi nk is true but is not (para 3)
seem to have more. Another old saying - 'the 4 a good attitude towards life (para 3)
grass is always greener on the other side of 5 people who are opti mistic (para 3)
the fence' - is very true, but of course that 6 an attitude that we would all like to have (para 3)
green grass may be all an illusion . We don't 7 take a cha nce and do your best (para 4)
rea lly know whether the other person is happy
at all - we just imagine they are, and so feel ~4 , Look at the two tasks on page 189. Choose
bad in comparison. But developing a positive the article you want to write and work with
outlook on life is very important. People who another student who has chosen the sa me ta sk.
look on the bright side see possibi lities in
everything - they never imagine doors closing, ~ ,5. Plan your article with your partner, and then
only opening. It's an enviable state of mind, write it.
and it's a pity they don't sell it in the local Decide how you are going to orga nise your ar·ticle.
su permarket. If they did, then I for one would How many paragraphs7 What will be th e genera l
buy buckets of it! But that's not going to purpose and topic of each one 7
happen, so perhaps the answer when we 2 Look at the points included in Exercise 2. Wh ich
come second in a race, or see our neighbour ones will you include in your article7 They may not
converti ng his house in a way that we could all be appropriate.
never afford, is not to envy, but to aspire. 3 Write your article .
4 Exchange your article with your partner. Make notes
4 What we should do to be happy is not to of ways in which they cou ld improve their article,
look at what might have been but at what stil l and discuss them together.
cou ld be. And then just go for it! But the deal 5 Read the model answer on page 208 . Check that
is that we have to accept whatever you are following the 'Dos and Don'ts' suggested .
conseq uences there are phi losoph ical ly and 6 Write your final article, using your own grammar
without reg ret - and be happy about it. checklist to make sure that it is accurate.

. Writ ing reference p.208 139

. ·~· -·-~-~---

L
 UNIT 11 Always on my mind
----

Speaking 2 Student A look at page 189 for the answer to

question 1.
1 Work w ith a partner and discuss t he Student B look at page 190 for the answer to
fo ll owing questions. question 2.

1 Why can't you tickle yourself7 Th en exp lain th e reasons to each other.
First, ti ckle your partner's hand by wiggl ing your
fingers softly in the centre of their palm. Check if
2 Work with a partner. Look at the cubes and
describe what you see. Do you see the cubes
th ey find it ti ck lish. Now make exactly the same
movements on your own palm. What is the protrud ing out of the page or intruding into the
page? Do you see the same thing? Does what
difference?
you see stay the sa me, or does it change? . '.
2 Ca n you always identify what colour something isl
Ask your partner to hold out sideways at arms
length two pieces of different coloured card, while
you focus on their nose. Make sure you don't see
the pieces of card beforehand. What colour are
th ey?

140
 Li N l T
11 Review

Read the text be low. Use t he word given in cap itals at the end of
some of th e lines to form a word that fits in the sa me li ne. There
is an exa mple at the beginning (0).

A workout for the brain

The brain workout is a (0) Ji.t..ri.t3.~.£3. . trend which requires neither a yoga FIT
mat nor a pair of trainers. (1) ............... have shown that new nerve SEARCH
cells appear in the brain throughout life, and so mental exercise
can be (2) ...... ....... in ensuring that the brain functions efficiently. BENEFIT
As a result, both clinical research (3) . ........ and private ESTABLISH
companies are exploring what are known as 'brain enhancement
techniques ' which seek to (4) ................ the enormous capabilities MAXIMUM
of the human brain. What's more, the exercise analogy has
proved a popular one with software (5) ..... ..... offering such things PACK
as 'neurobics' and a number of 'mind gym' courses now
hPin.e; nffP.rPrl (6) COMM ERCE
Apparently, people have different brainwave patterns for differe nt
activities. For example, the beta brainwave helps us to make
decisions, whilst the theta brainwave helps us to relax and remember
things. Sometimes one brainwave can become (7) ....... . . ....., for example DO MINATE
people with high stress levels can get stuck in a high beta state.
The mind gym sessions help such people to regain (8) .................... between MOBILE
these brainwaves.
Training focuses on techniques such as speed reading, memory (9) .. CALL
and improved powers of concentration. Small sensors placed on the
client's head allow brainwaves to be viewed on a computer screen.
Sportspeople and business executives, high (10) ............... . ... individuals
who cannot allow their minds to wander for a second, have been
amongst the main clients so far.

2 Look back at your answers and fi nd: 2 Rep lace t he highlighted phrases with a
• a verb made from a noun phrasal verb or express ion with think.
• an adjective made from a verb 1 I just don't know what to do - I'm so confused, I
• a word to wh ich you added both a prefix and a can't get my ideas in order.
suffix. 2 The whole project fa iled, because the planning was
so bad - we 1ust hadn't considered all the knock-
3 Look at these answers which students wrote.
on effects pmperly.
Why wou ld they not get t he mark in the
3 My aunt is fantastic - she's such fun, and I love her
exam? What advice wou ld you give these
to bits.
students?
4 It's very difficult to invent a good excuse quickly for
1: research something you've done wrong .
3: establishment 5 Employers like it if you can approach problems in a
8: immobility different way.

Go to www.iTests.com or your CD-ROM for interactive exam practice. 141

 UNIT
12 A matter of ti me

The Futuro House

Designed in 1968 by Finnish architect Matti
Suuronen, the Futuro house was a classic flying
saucer shape - an ellipsoid shell constructed in
fibreglass and reinforced plastic, with ellipse-shaped
s windows, door handles, light fittings and even ellipse-
shaped power sockets. In theory its design was
'based on pure mathematics', but in fact this seems
highly dubious - the project supervisor remembers
Suur6nen having a much more intuitive approach.
10 There were no detailed drawings for the prototype,
and he would 'drop by the plant' and make
suggestions such as 'take away a bit here, add a bit
there' .
The initial commission was for a ski cabin, which
1s could be helicoptered into rough terrain, but
manufacturer Polykem hoped that mass production
worldwide would follow, and that the basic shell As it is, there are thought to be at least 30
could be adapted for both domestic and commercial surviving Futuros, including one in Japan, one in the
use. All looked to be going well until the 1973 oil USA and fo ur in Finland. But meanwhile the Futuro
25 has been reinvented as an art icop., artd found its
20 crisis more than tripled production costs; but for this
we might all now have one. way back into the glamorous world of parties and
f. . ' ~
spectacle when the prototype was used to house a
·•··'" headline-grabbing installation art project. What is
intriguing about the Filturo is that, forty years on;we
Reading 1: multiple choice (Part 1) · 30 still-see this object as futuristic, giving weight to the
somewhat questionable theory that it was actually
.-1 Do you like modern things, or are you an example of post-modernism before its time .
.• ,,. .. ...
interested in things from the past?
1 In the first paragraph, the writer suggests that
2 when developing the Futuro, Matti Suuronen
1 Work with a partner. Look at the picture A was keen to keep the design a secret.
above and discuss these questions: B had a rath er poor grasp of mathematics.
1 When do you think this object was designed7 C was unwilling to tru st his project manager.
2 What do you think it is used for? D tended to be more interested in style than
3 Does it make you think of th e past, the present or precision.
the future? 2 What does th e writer find strange about attitudes
4 What type of people would you associate with this towards the Futuro today?
object?
A People still thin k that it looks like a futuri stic
2 Read the first text to see if your ideas were object.
right. Did anything surprise you? B People fai l to see that the design was ahead of
its time.
3 You are going to read three texts which are C People see it as a work of art rather than
all connected in some way with th e idea of time. something practical.
Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think D People in va rious parts of the world are keen to
fits best according to the text. preserve them.
142
 REVIEW OF A DO CUMENTARY PRO GRAMME
UN IT 12 A matter of ti me

Watercolours of a history
waiting to happen
Years ago David tylandell began to record·his,si_nister : :
dreams. He painted their imag~s,.,then embel)isned the.in .·
with footnotes to add to the details.of what he had ··
• •j \ ; · t I
Golsoncott
's een'. On 11 September 1996 he dre~m.ed 'the_,
destruction of two towers. Beside the towe~s; in When I was hanging around the
5

l '1/, ,:,. ,.1~1

M~~dell's painting, was outlined the he<!d of th,~ Sta~ue nearby lanes as an adolescent,
of Liberty. Around the tqwers1he painting'.depicted ·. .s>/£:,,,,, waiting for life to begin, I saw
biilows of smoke. five years later to the day soll)ething Golsoncott as a place where
r~ma·rkably a·l<iri to Mandell~s ghastly premgnitioi:i . ·•
ci'ctually happened. This we know: tor tucked into ·a·.
L
W.,,
nothing ever happened. I thought
of it fondly, but reckoned that it
corner of his painting, easy to miss, there was'the . . .. was elsewhere that things went on and that in due
silhquette of an aircraft. course one would go forth to elsewhere, with all
· The salient questions begin with the obvious: are
I that that implied. And so I did, but in due course
Mand ell's drea~s 9 spate of coincidence? Is he·a seer
1s abl~ to glimps·c future events in his droams or;is ha
.I·1 10 also Golsoncott became a retreat, a haven when
rather too much was happeninp; >tht. s1·::ihlr. r.lr.rnent
merely a sad old fake? His other·dreams in'ciuded . in an unreliable world. You could know that it
·prem'Onitions .of either disasters and momentous events - would always be the same, year by year. Absence of
: P.~"rhaps most remarkable was h[s picture of ~he g'as f event was now the treasured aspect.
attack on the underground iri Tokyo. Besidethe irnage, Ii 1s During the 70 years of the family's occupation of
20 .. Mandell's notes named the Japanese capital as.the
It the house no -one was born there, though three
· venue of the outrage.
. . . people died: my grandfather in 1941, my
Th,.. ..... ,...,.. .. "'""'""n nnr11n11ln11 .... l11
• I llU tJIUMIUllllll\.t ..JV1 ,upu1vuo.J 1 y
f"l"\t1nh+ +n nt"+,..hliC"h·
UVU~lll. \.V VV\. UUll Ul l
i ....... .. ,.,~,.J •........,,.....,.,.l-,.,., •• '2A
f,!.Cl.lJ.U.ll.lVL.1.J.1,,...J. <..I ..L.
.,."" ,...,.,.., 1,.,+-a ••
J'-'U.l.U .lU.L"-'L)
,.,,.,,,..I
l.U. J.U
+.r."' fJ, , ,,"''' "' ,, ,.,r
J.J.J.J.U.'-J. ) J..J..'-)' '-l.1..4..1.J.~

· whether.or not Manq~ll was rece.iving apocalyptic Rachel. Events of a significant kind. To a 15-year-
warning.s..Each key painting had been photographed by 20 old, things happening means a few ups and downs
25 staff at his local bank, in front of a calenda·r-clo.ck clearly
in daily life, and Golsoncott was indeed fairly
displayi.ng the.date by which the painting had been
immune to that. One calm rural day slid blandly
made. Every painting predated the .incide~t it foretold.
into the next, with only the weather serving up any
., ·., The .~hots were ~xamined by aforen.sics exper.t.who
certified them genuine. Mande'll passed a lie-de.tector '. potent kind of ch:ingr.. Anrl even that interference
test,~th.en" allowed himself to be bypnotised: One expert. " 25 with prescribed toutine was sternly resisted: family
thought he was mirroring the 1·aws of probability :.: but the ethos was that you ignored wead1er and simply did
evidei:ice suggested, given th.e'relativ~ly im1all .numper ·of . what you had intended to do. You went for a walk
. dreanis rei:cirded ·and nis high 'nit-rate', thatMandell -.... in the rain; that was what raincoats were for.
'· ' wa~ rtiirro~.ing fh'i·
1aviqt impr.obabllity.', ·. ·i. ~ 11 · .••
· ... ~'/ ··"" ... •• • • ..!.<!· ·.,... ... ~· ~ ~·Z'-.t ·~·l ~.~ ."

5 In th e first paragraph, the writer is explaining

3 What do we learn about David Mandell's paintings
from the review/ A why she felt trapped at Golsoncott.
B why she decided to leave Golsoncott.
A Th ey have yet to undergo scientific analysis.
C how her attitude to Golsoncott changed.
B They are hard to understand without his written
D how she came to regret leaving Golsoncott.
notes.
C They may have been painted after the events 6 Which phrase from the second paragraph
they depict. reinforces the idea introduced by th e phrase 'with
D They seem to predict the location as well as the all that that implied' in li ne 8?
type of event. A ups and downs in daily life (line 20)
4 In the third paragraph, it is suggested that B fairly immune to that (line 21)
C slid blandly into th e next (line 22)
A the programme had made exaggerated claims
about the dreams.
D stern ly resisted (line 25)
B the expert had been unable to give an adequate
explanation for the dreams.
4 Do you think that what happens to a person
in th e past can influence th eir future?
C there was insufficient evidence to make any sort
of assessment of the dreams. Which of the three texts made you think about
D th e programme makers had uncovered the the re lationship between the past and the future
answer to the mystery of th e dreams. most? Why?
143
 Ci\' IT 12 A matter of time

Vocabulary: idiomatic in no time waste of time at the tim e

language/collocations pressed for time for the time being
running out of time time after tim e
1 in time kill time
1 Look back at the three texts on pages 142 and
143. Find words or phrases that mean the I th in k that studying History in school is useless -
same as: it's a complete ....................................... .
difficult to trust (text 1) 2 I decided to go on holiday to India last year. It
2 when something is made in large quantities seemed like a good idea . , but I didn't
(text 1) realise that I had chosen the hurricane season 1
3 somethi ng that represents an important idea in 3 I'm studying hard, so I've told my friends that
art (text 1) ................................... I'm not going out at weekends.
4 add ing importance or va lue to an argument or 4 Sue is so quick - she learned how to use the new
idea (text 1) softwa re ..................................... .
5 seeing something briefly (text 2) 5 I'm sorry, I can 't stop now - I'm really
6 doing someth ing thoroughly to high standards ....................................... . I'll catch you later.
(text 2) 6 Peter has been delayed, so I'm going to get a
7 a record of the number of instances of something coffee to .. .............. until he gets here.
(text 2) 7 The train was held up by sig nalling problems, but
8 moving arou nd slowly without any purpose, lucki ly I arrived just .............................. ....... to catch the
doing very little (text 3) plane.
8 We must reach a decision by 8 o'clock and it's 7.45
9 eventually (text 3)
now - we're rapidly .....
10 good times and bad times (text 3)
9 I've told you ........... ............. not to do that, but you
11 a philosophy for living (text 3)
just keep doing it !
2 Now comp lete the sentences using the correct
form of one of the expressions. .3 Work with a partner. Take turns to describe
Th e idea that anyone can pred ict th e future a situation to illustrate one of the phrases from
accurately is very suspect - in fact, I think it's Exercise 2. Your partner shou ld say which phrase
you are illustrating.
2 I he evidence ....... ...... ............... the argument that Example:
th ere was a town on the site in times gone by. A: I had to wait for the bus for ages, so I bought a
3 Cars nowadays are ................................. wh ich has magazine to read.
reduced manufacturing costs and made them more B: You were killing time.
affordable than they were in the past.
4 His dreams seemed to give him a brief
......... .... ........ into the future. Grammar 1: passives 1
5 I seem to spend a lot of my time just .. ..
wa iting for other people - it's very frustrating 1 1
6 Life is fu ll of . . . ... , highs and lows - that's
what makes it challenging. 1 Read the title of the artic le on page 145. What
do you think the article will be about? Skim it
2 quickly to check your id eas. Have you ever
heard of a job li ke this?
1 Look at the fo ll owing extract from text 1.
Wh at does the high li ghted phrase mean? 2 Read the article again. Rewrite the numbered
sentences using the passive form.
it was actually an example of post-modernism
before its time. Example:
(1) ... in which older people from diverse ethnic
2 Comp lete the sentences with a col location backgrounds are encouraged to share and record
with time from the box.
their memories

144
 UNIT l 2 A matter of time

THE MEMORY BANKER Passive infinitives ·

Meena Khata loves her job, because she If t he subject is not t he agent, we can use a passive
can travel the world and immerse herself infinitive.
in different cultures. But she does this
without ever leaving her office in London. Example:
It is here that she runs a project The stock is to be checked every Friday so that levels can
( 1) which encourages older people from be maintained.
diverse ethnic backgrounds to share and The report was thought to have been leaked to the press
record their memories in order to bring by a secretary.
alive a past that (2) people might otherwise
lose. Age Exchange is a unique
2 . Comp lete the second sentence so that it has a
organisation that uses story-telling, drama,
simi lar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
art and dance to build bridges between
given and a passive infinitive. Do not change the word
generations. (3) Someone set up A~
given. Use between three and six words, including the
Exchange in 1983 as a reminiscence
word given.
theatre company, but demand grew and in
198 7 (4) they opened the Reminiscence The original plan was to finish the project by the autumn .
Centre. Meena is one of only eight full-time HAVE
·workers with the project, and (5) the In the original plan, the project . . by th e
director has assigned many .vital jobs autumn .
such as running the shop. museum and
2 I won't have any repetition of this bad behaviour at any
tea-room to volunteers.
time. REPEATED
Meena plans to record people aged 50
and over talking about their childhood, I don't want this .. . .... at any time.
family, homes and memories of their 3 She wants everyone to realise that she is an intellectual.
country of origin. Among questions (6) she SEEN
will _~k t!wm are why lhey l:ame to She wants . ........... ......... . .. .. ;in intellectua l.
Ilritain, and what their first impressions
were. Creative activities such as drama 4 Everyone believes that th ey have moved away from the
and dance provide trigger material that area. HAVE
unlocks their memories. Participants They are .. . ...... . ...... ......... from the area.
create memory boxes containing images 5 People say that he has recovered from the accident quite
and objects that illustrate their stories. quickly. SAID
(7) We should not ignore this opportunity
He ......... ... .. .... from the accident quite qu ickly.
to capture living history. There is a danger
that once the older generation has gone, 6 No-one can do anything about the situation . NOTHING
their stories will disappear, and (8) will There ....... ...................... ............ about the situation.
close a rich vein of living history for future
generations. Grammar reference p.196 (12)

· 3 Discuss these questions.

Read the last sentence of the article aga in . Do you agree
with the writer about the danger in the last paragraph, or
do you feel that it is not important?
3 The numbered se ntences in the article 2 Which is more im portant to have recorded: people's stories
would be better in the passive form, and memories or facts and dates of important events?
for one of three reasons. Match each 3. What personal things would you like to be saved from your
reason to the sente nces. early years? Why7
a) The agent is unknown or obvious. 4 Have you ever seen anything displayed in a museum that
b) Th e focus of th e sentence is on the event was used by someone in your fami ly? If yes, how did it make
and not the agent. you feel7 If not, how would it make you feel if you did?
c) The agent is people or things in general. 5 What aspect of the town where you live wou ld you like to
be preserved for the future? Why7
145
 l'.\'IT 12 A matter of tune
------------

Reading 2 Exam focus

Paper 3 Use of English: word formation {Part 3)
1
1 Work in groups of About the exam: In Paper 3, Part 3, )'OU read a short text from w hi ch ten
three. words have been removed . The ga ppe d words are listed to the right of
Student A read th e book th e text, but not in the form that is needed in the context of the text.
synopsis on page 189. You need to change th e words, usually add ing prefi xes and suffixes, to
match the sense of the t ext.
Student B read the book
synopsis on page 190. Suggested procedure
Student C read the book 1 Read the text quickly to get a general idea of wh at it is about and
synopsis on page 192. how it is organ ised. Don't answer any of the questi ons unt il you've
2 Te ll one anoth er about rea d t he w hole text.
wh at you have rea d. 2 Look at each gap in turn and th ink about the sentence. What type
Wh at idea do th ey all of word is missing; an adjective, noun, verb, etc.? If it is a noun, is the
share? word sing ul ar or plu ral? If it is an adjective, is it pos itive or negative?
If it is a verb, w hich t ense will it be in?
3 Wou ld you li ke to
3 W hen you have answered all t he questions, read the text carefull y
rea d any of th e
aga in. Does it ma ke comp lete sense with al l t he words you have
books? Wh ich one and
created?
w hy? If not, w hy not ?
Do you believe t hat t im e 1 Fo r qu estion s 1- 10, rea d th e t ext be low. Use th e w ord given at t he ..
travel is poss ib le or is it end of some of th e lines to fo rm a wo rd t hat fi ts in t he ga p in t he sa me
just fi ct io n? Why ?/Why lin e. Th ere is an exa mp le at t he beg inning (0) .
not? ".
Example: I O I physicists
.· 2 i Rea d th e t ext in
The enigma of time travel
Exa m focus Exerci se 1.
Do es t he w riter believe Is it possible to travel backwards and forwards tbrougb time?
that t im e tra vel might For decades the world's top (0) .PhYS..i.c.is.t..S. . have been trying to PHYSICS
exist ? How are his ideas
answer this question. But so far, nobody has come up with any
sim ilar or different t o
(1) .................... proof that travelling through time is actually impossible, CONVINCE
yours? Wh ich of t he
although all sorts of (2) .................... to the idea have been raised. OBJECT
t hree books you
discussed in Exercise 1 is
For example, some say that time travel might lead to what they
mentio ned? call 'temporal paradoxes' , like going back in a time machine and
(3) .................... meeting your own mother before she gave birth to you. ACCIDENT
It sounds like the plot of a classic science-fiction film , doesn't it?
And it's a sign of just how (4) .................... the concept of time travel is to APPEAL
serious scientists that it was left to a (5) .......... ..... .... to come up with the NOVEL
idea in the first place. That honour goes to H.G. Wells, in his 1895
classic The Time Machine . Was Wells dabbling in a fie ld that he
didn 't understand? Was it all just a bit of literary (6) ............. ? SPECULATE
Maybe not: Einstein's theory of (7) .. ..... .......... does not di sallow the RELATIVE
(8) ... . ............. of time travel. And modern scientists looking for what's EXIST
called the 'Theory of Everything' are (9) .. ...... to ru le out the WILL
idea completely. So who knows, the idea of travelling through time
may not be as (10) ................... as many people think. RIDICULE

2 Discuss t hese questions.

If you cou ld travel back in tim e, wh ich peri od of history would you like to
travel to? Why?
2 Would you prefer to trave l to th e future7 Why7/Why not!
146
 UNIT 12 A matter of t ime

Grammar 2: the future in the 3 There are othe r ways of expressing the future
seen from the past. Choose the best form of the verb
past in each of these sente nces.
1 We can use the past continuous to ta lk Our broadband connection wasn't working, and we
about plans in the past that were in the hoped that the technician wouldn't take I won't take I
future at the moment of speaking or didn't take long to reach us!
writing, e.g. We were meeting at 6 o'clock, 2 When the train broke down between stations, we had
but Joe called and changed it to 6.30. no idea that we should be I would be I will be stuck
2 We can use was going to when we talk there for fivP. hours!
about plans in the past that we still haven't 3 The project manager hoped that the project will have
fulfilled, e.g. I was going to post the letter, been I would have been I had been up and running by
but I forgot. January, but it wasn't.
3 We can use was thinking of+ -ing for future 4 As he wa lked towards her she rea lised that he is about
plans that are not definite, e.g . I was lo I wos about to I has been about to speak to her.
thinking of tidying the house this weekend.
5 On the itinerary, we were to arrive I were about to
arrive I would arrive at the station at nine, but the train
1 · Match these sentences to one of the uses was late and we missed our connection.
above. In which one is the plan not fulfi lled?
a) I posted Sally's parcel for her. It wasn't a problem 4 There is a mistake in each high lighted word or
as I was going to the post office that afternoon expression in the text. Correct the mistakes.
anyway.
b) I was having my hair cut that afternoon, but I Digging up (and burying) London's past
cancelled the appointment when I heard the
news. Archaeolog ist Duncan Hawkins redrew the maps of i
c) I was thinking of phon ing you anyway th is Roman London three years ago after discovering an !
afternoon . Ancient Roman palace four metres .below street level. t
i. Grammar reference p.198 (16.4) At the time he called it the most exciting discovery to L
be made in London for years, even though he always '
. 2 Complete these mini-dia logues using the suspected he (1) were going to find something in the l
correct form of the verb in brackets. area because of references in other documents. f
The actua l discovery was made because a builder
A: Look - the cinema is closed next week for
(2) would erect an apartment block in the area, and
refurbishment.
had to undertake an archaeological survey first as a
B: Oh , that's annoying - I ........ .. .......... (see) th e
precondition. This survey exposed the site. Once they
new blockbuster sometime soon.
had started to dig, archaeologists knew it was crucial '
2 A: Hello, Peter - what a coincidence that you've
phoned right now!
that they completed their research within six months ~
because the building work (3) is scheduled to go ,
B: Why?
A: Well, I had just picked up the phone and
ahead at that time. What about the site now? It is
buried below the block of flats ! How does Hawki ns \
J
.......... (ca/O you!
fee l about thi s? His position is clear. Archaeology has
3 A: This morning I was told that Jane
................... ... (come) tonight, but I ca n't see her a dua l role - to preserve the past, and disseminate
here. information to increase our understanding of the past.
B: Wel l, we invited her but she phoned thi s Without the opportun ity to do the dig, he (4) would l
afternoon and said she .... .... ..... ...... (work) late still look for confirmation of the site among l~
and had to cancel. contemporary documents. He always intended to
4 A: Hi, Sue - I'd like to talk to you about the new bury the palace carefu lly, so that other archaeologists 1
1
project. Is this a convenient time/ (5) will be able to find it when further bui lding took
place, however far into the future that (6) were.
B: Actual ly, I . .. .. (just go) for lunch. I
. . ,)
Why don't you com e - we can talk over a .. ~ ·- .,.
,·

sandwich.
5 Te ll a partner about a tim e when you
5 A: We .................. ...... (go) on an organised tour of
Rome last month, but we both got flu and had to • were hoping to do something but cou ldn't
pull out at the last minute. • would have done someth ing if you cou ld
B: What a shame ! • were about to do something which fell through. 147
 UNIT 12 A matter of time

Listening: multiple match ing 2 Make a list of th e good and bad features of
computer games you have played. Think about:
(Part 4)
• th e setting • interactivity
1 Discuss these questions. • th e plot • graphics, etc.
Do you often play computer games?
2 Why do people enjoy playing the games?
3 Wh ich are the most popular genres7 Why?

@ 3 You will hear five peop le talking about a computer game they played recently.
Remember that you must complete both tasks as you listen. You wil l hear the record ing twice .

TASK ONE TASK TWO

For questions 1- 5, choose from the list A-H what For questions 6- 10, choose from the list A- H each
each person says is the best feature of their game. person's ma in criticism of their game.
A It's fast moving. A It's too simi lar to its predecessors.
B It's easy fo r beginners. Speaker 1 [JI] B The graphics are disappointing. Speaker 1 cm
C It has wel l-known characters. Speaker 2 [ ] ] ] C The audio is poor quality. Speaker 2 [JI]
D It has good puzzles. Speaker 3 [JI] D There are techn ical problems. Speaker 3 CJ]]
E It's designed by experts. Speaker 4 [ ] ] ] E It becomes too complex. Speaker 4 [ ] ] ]
F It has rea listic graphics. Speaker 5 [JI] F It involves a further payment. Speaker 5 []IQ]
G It has an unusua l setting. G The characters don 't speak.
H It has a strong plot. H It gets boring after a wh ile.

Speaking: two-way conversation

(Part 3)

: 1 In Part 3 of the Speaking test you have to

complete a task with your partner.
Think about the best way to do this. Which one
of the following pieces of advice is not correct?
What is wrong with it?
• Try to make a decision about th e ta sk immediately.
• It doesn't matter if you don't talk about every
picture, as long as you use good language.
• Ta lk about each picture in turn, before reaching a
decision.
• Don't worry about the timing - the interlocutor wil l
stop you at the end of the time.

2 In this part of the test, you should interact

with your partner and show evidence of turn
taking. With a partner, think of some ways you
can ask each other's opinion, or take turns to
speak, e.g . Do you agree with me ? Is that what
you think?
148
 UNIT 12 A matter of time

·• 3·, Look at the fol lowing task. Do the task with 2 Which thing do you wish had not been discovered
your partner, trying to follow the advice in or invented? Why?
Exercise 1 and using as many different ways of 3 What invention can you th ink of that was
taking turns with your partner as you can. predicted incorrectly?
4 How important do you think it is to continue to
make technological and scientific advances?
5 What invention would you like to work on? Why?
6 What can we learn about any society from the
things that it values?

.s· Share your ideas on the questions in

Exercise 4 with the rest of the class. Were their
Look at the photos. Discuss these questions. answers similar to yours? Make a note of any
Which thing do you think wi ll continue to have the useful ideas that you didn't think of.
greatest impact in the future?

I • ' , -· . -~· 1-,

~ i']~
'
I~''
' i
_.:k.=- '
,
I
: I
.1,
l-
- ,,
'.1 . ----- / . .-~ -~ .
. )
I
•
···---- ."-,"'4
- ......
- ·AO '

' .., H - • ~
Ui\TI' J 2 A matter of tim e

Use of English: open cloze

(Part 2)

' 1 · Discuss these quest ions .

Why do people genera lly like science-
ficti on books and films! Do you enJOY
them I Th ink of some we ll-known
novels, fi lms, TV programmes, etc.
2 What do you thi nk science-fi ction can
tell us about:
• life today!
• the past?
• the future /
3 What do you know about th e TV seri es
Star Trek?
Do you thin k program mes like this are .' · · Ev~n'' (o). .~hqY.!ik.the fantasy te1evisi9~ series Siar Trek ...
ever scientifica lly accu rate? . ; .:has been fil:ound for .over..40 y,ears; ii may.still have : . . . .
\. : some ~hies· to offe~ about ~Ur.own future. Ma~y . '
~.-2'; Read th e text to see wh at th e · · · s~ientistS. are a~id fan~, ahd ever the ·show d°) ... -.. .. . . . .
writer thinks about th e sc ientific . . . ._ . . . l. . •· •.. - • . -

predi ction s in Star Trek and compare startea

. in the 1960s, . it has. been praised·(2} ...:.....:.:.......:·. a .
.

your id eas. Ignore th e ga ps for th e . ·' .: source "<i>~ inspiration' and :visionary ideas: (3) ...:..:..... ~......: to ..
... ·. . . . ·. . . . . ' '
moment. Does anything surprise you? @ne-of.the programllle's scientific'advisers, we've . .
. caught·€4) _.,. .:".. . :. .:. ~.. with lillct gon~ ·beyond.' many of. th~ · ·
-:-3.. Read th e text again and think of
: . . tllirigs foatured (S) ·~:...'. ...":...·...... the original senes. Sci how
1

the word whi ch best fits each gap. Use .• ' . . •' '. •. ~
!' . . . •, - ' ~ .. _ . . .. •
. t ~ :' ••

only one word in each gap. Th ere is an milch ©f the·prngmunme has:become sc;;ienee fact, · . . ·
(6f:.:.........,:....:· h@~ muc,h is still sciienee flction? '.
0

exampl e at the beginning (0).

I . . .
. . • ' .

4 Can you think of any other . ~7) ..:...::;...:....... tbings as tricorders,_ comm~nicators and
sci ence-fict ion programm es, books or •interactiv.~ corrwutelis ~e (8~ ....................:.:!ongerfantaw.
films which have: " ·. Magiietic resonance unaging; mobile.phones and the.. ·
• successfully pred icted future events? i.· . ,Internet ~ppeared in.refil life long (9) .:~... .... ,.:..... ,. th~ . .
• ~~rd ·cen.tury, (10) ....1.....:......~.. is when the ~how had · .
• remained convincingly futuristic despite
developmen ts in technology?
pre<;l~cted tl:iat such..technology (11) .:................:. be
. . - : :a . . ~ .~

, ·.·. available. Even detrnal regenerators; used in the

· · 'ficti~~aJ 24rll -~en:~t~,' ilea1 ~oui:i<ls instantly, ·
aritidpated todafs -~se of lasers.to heal tissue and
'· i·epall:,.e,ye damage.· .. •·
, _The-t(anspoFteF. is.'i~rob~bly the mo~·t memorable
feature of Star Trek,'bi1t could it.become (12) ............:......."
· reiiiity? ·Physi~i~ts {13) .........:."........ .the idea of teleportation .
.seriously and :there li~ve been various attempts to
'tra~sport' objects from (14) :......:.........:. place to another.
Sadly, how~ver, (15) .............;....... Scientific American
•magazine is to pe belieyed, 'the teleportation of large
objects or humans remains a fantasy ' .
.. ,.,.,.. ·-.- .... ~ ·--:-~
 UNIT 12 A matter of time .

Writing: essay (Part 2) 'l Think about the purpose of an essay, an

article and a report. Complete the table using
1 In the exam you may have to write an essay words and phrases from the box.
in which you present an argument. You should
uses colourful language
• use a semi-formal style
uses sem i-formal language
• make sure that you organ ise your argument clearly
uses objective language, often with the passive
• lin k your ideas appropriately presents a clear argument in linked paragraphs
• remember that the purpose is to explain your point can use bul let points
of view or persuade the reader to agree with you . us@s paragraphs for e#eet
You can organise an essay in different ways. You makes recommendations based on facts
can: entertains
persuades through discussion
a) present both sides of the argument one by one
known reader (x 2)
and then say which one you tigrcc with:
general reader

1 1n-\roduc.Aion 5-\ct-\in~ 5i-\uaAion

z.. Two or -\hree pain-\5 5uppar-\in~
essay article report
one 5 ide ot -\he a.r~\Jl"Y\en-\
3 Two or -\hree pain-\5 5uppar-\in~ f
language
-1\-.. e o--it.er ~ ,QI::'.- or --inl::'.- (;ti -~ul"Y\12.f '"°' I
__4_ C._o _n...~-~~~-\in~ you:___~
_in-io_n--~ purpose
b) present arguments for and against specific points
and then say which one you agree with:
~----.--......,...,.,..._,,~...-_,.-.-----~..,__ _,organis_
a_tion_ ___ ___ l,!?es @r9_grapl!__s ____ _
for effect

target reader known

reader

Look at the following task. Decide:

I,
•:.<.I
• whether you agree or disagree with the statement
I ln-lrodudioh $}a-lirig ~itL\alibn and
'-
• how you want to organise your essay
.~our opinion.: - • what details you want to include_
2. Points for + suppor-liris de-lail
3 Points against. + s~pp~rt.~7s ·~e~ail ,, . j You have had a class discussion on the value of
studying the past, and whether it is important
Lt Coridusion conf'irmit:is ~c:>u'. o_p.il')Jon _ · j
to help us prepare for the future. Now your
-~--1__.,-fl--._1 ~- .J--- teacher has asked you to write an essay giving
your opinions on the following statement:
There is little point in preserving buildings and
stories from the past - we should look to the
future, not live in the past.
Write your essay in 220-260 words.

·fS -1
 UN IT J 2 A matter of ti me

4 2 Co mpl ete the fo ll owing out li ne of the essa y in

note form .
1 Th e essa y below was written in answer to t he
t as k. Read it and answer these questions. Introduction: s.ta.~~'!.lerit gf~()pic
1 What organisation has th e writer used! Second para:
2 Is th e style semi-formal or informal?
Point 1
3 Wh at is th e purpose of th e rh etorica l question at
the end of the introduction / Third para:
Point 1
Conclusion: .
SoW\e reople .sg,y that it i.s a waste of tiW'le
. to pre.sel'Ve hi.story) aVld that the pa.st i.s
3 Highlight four lin king words or phrases in the
9ooe aVld .shov.ld k for9o+teV1. EM+ i.s thi.s essay. Whi ch one introduces:
really tro.e? • the first idea /
• a contrasting idea 7
OVI the ooe haVldJ there i.s a .sfroV19 ar9LAW1eV1t • an opinion/
for lookiV19 forwards) V\O+ backwards. Life i.s • a reason?
for IiviV19 aVld for takiV19 ri.sk.sJ aVld We Cllv\ ·
4 What is the effect of using these words?
M Ver .fully appreciate ~at liviV19 cooclitiO\l\.S • surely (para 3)
were like 500 year.s "90· So ~+ i.s the • too (para 3)
poiV1t iV'I pre.Sel'ViV19 old bLAildiV195J tlV\d learniV19 • obviously (para 4)
abov.+ theM? Mooeycov.ld k better .sreVlt OV1 5 Look at t he essay aga in. Un derlin e:
other thiV19.S. • a phrase which introduces a general statement
rather than the writer's opinion
OV\ the other · ~J alth0v.9h it i.s tro.e that • a rhetorica l question
we ctlVl t c~e the pa.s+J it i.s ~ere We .
1
• the sentence in th e conclusion that links back to
CllMe trom. So if we ~ LAVlder.sttwld if) aV\d the introduction.
how reop\e li~edJ theVI 'f./e al.so LAV\der.stllV\d
Cllvl
/ 5 , The essay is too short (200 words) . Work
~re abov.+ ov.r.se\ve.S:· hwJ .SLArely We ~ve a with a partner and th ink of one extra detail that
re.spOV1.5ibili+)' to fLAtLAre 9eV1eratii:>Vl..SJ .so you could add to each of the midd le paragraphs.
that they too CllV\ LAVlder.sttwld +heiY Then add your points to the essay. Make sure
back9Yov.Vld? that you link them in using appropriate linking
words.
1 t .seem.s +o ~e that kviowiV19 ~eYe we
· ( Now look at the following task . Write your
came trOM 9ive.s LA5 ··~ ·.seV\.5e of ideV1ti+y a~ own answer, using one of the approaches
LAV1deY.sttwldiV19 of OV.Y.selve.s. foy thi.s rell.50V\J suggested . Remember to plan your ideas and to
1 feel that theYe i.s a lo+ of poiV1t iV1 link your paragraphs and ideas with in paragraphs.
pYe.Sel'ViV19 old bLAi\diV19.s tlV\cJ .SfoYie.s trOM
the pa.s+J llVld that the .s+a+emeV1t i.s WY01'19. You have had a class discussion on why it is
important to preserve the past. Now your
Obviov..sly we .shov.ld' V\O+ live iVI the pa.st, bLAt
teacher has asked you to write an essay givi ng
We .shov.ld Yemel'l'\bey it. your opinions on the fo ll owing statement:
We should spend more money on preserving our
r ... ~- .. • .... __ past - it is too important to lose.
Write your essay in 220- 260 words.

• Writing reference p.210

152
 lJ 1~ 1 T

·· 1 Think of one word only which can be used w~ . Compl ete the second sentence so that it
appropriately in all three sentences. has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using the word given. Do not change the word
The date for the open ing of the new museum has
given. You must use between three and six
been .................... for next September.
words, including the word given. Here is an
A resea rch project has been .................... the task of example (0) .
investigating whether time travel already exists.
0 The architect wanted nobody to know about his
Beverley had .................... out at dawn, determ ined to
new idea. KEEP
find the archaeological site before lunchtime.
The orch itcct wanted ...F.9. k13.13.P... NS.. .. f.1.13.W.J4.t:.?... §!....
2 On his trip across the USA, Brett didn't make it to secret.
San Francisco because he ran out of ............
1 Our visitors experienced a two-hour delay on the
With the benefit of hindsight we can see that the
motorway. HELD
invention was years ahead of its .................... .
Our visitors were .......................................................... two hours
It's not that Phoebe was wrong, she just didn't on the motorway.
choose a good .................... to bring up the subject.
2 Someone ought to have let the police know
3 Contributions to the international charity appeal about the incident at once. REPORTED
have .................... one million dollars.
The incident should .............................. ............................ th e
Eric .................... over, picked up the photograph and police at once.
rea lised he was looking at himself as a small boy.
~ C: ::i ll11 nririin::il h1 into nrlorl tn tr::n1o l hi/ ::iir r::ithPr
......... .. }
..., ,, "::J" ' ..... "} ... ..... . . -- - · - - - - ·- J - · ·· -
In the 1970s, Britain only had three TV channels and -~- · -·~·

than by train. WAS

popular programmes often .................... an audience of
over 20 million. Sally's .......................................................... travel by air rather
than by train.
4 There's no .................... in doing further resea rch into
time travel as it's clearly never going to be possible. 4 If we want to bid in the auction, we must do it
soon. OUT
-On entering-the olEl-c-astle, yeu-get-a-real "· ........ . of
history and how life must have been in the past.
-- Time ...=. . . . . . . . .:.=. : : :.
the auction .
=. .
=-it we wann o bici-i'r r

Penny was so absorbed in the sci-fi novel th at she

had lost all .................... of time passing. 5 At least thirty Futuro houses may still be in
existence . THOUGHT
5 The college principal said that he .................... to bring At least thirty Futuro houses ..........................................................
the catering faci lities up to date. exist.
We decided to ask the lecturer exactly what he
.................... when he used the word 'teleportation'. 6 Sa lly didn't know it, but her attitude wou ld soon
change. ABOUT
Of al l the awards that the actress won during her
Sally didn't know it, but there
career, the Oscar .................... the most to her.
.......................................................... change in her attitude.
2· Choose the correct alternative in each of 7 John's hair rea lly needs cutting. TIME
these sentences. It's ......................................................... hair cut.
Tom said he had I would have every intention of 8 Tommy's plane should have landed at 15.00, but
finishing his research project before the end of term . there's no sign of it yet. SCHEDULED
2 When it was first televised, nobody could predict I Tommy's plane ......................................................... at 15.00, but
could have predicted how successfu l Star Trek was there's no sign of it yet.
going to be.
3 Many of the predictions wh ich David made I could
make have come true.
4 As a schoolboy, Jeremy wanted to I was wanting to
become a professional footballer.
5 Some people dream about famous events long
before they happen I would happen .

153 •
 A way with words

Reading: multiple .(· . You are going to read an article about ghost writers, the
people who actually write many celebrity autobiographies. For
matching (Part 4) questions 1-15, choose from the sections (A- E). The sections may
be chosen more than once.
/ 'f Discuss these questions.
Do you like reading about In which section of the article is each of the following mentioned?
celebrities? Why? What is so a ghost writer whose work is said to have influenced other writers ITIIJ
fascinating about them?
2 Do you think there is too much one publisher's modest expectations for a celebrity autobiography la]
written about celebrities in the the attitude of aspiring celebrities to the media
media generally nowadays?
the need to fulfil people's expectations regarding the celebrity
~ ·] Read the article on page the changing status of ghost writers in the profession [[[] [[[]
155 quickly to see if your ideas
are the same as the writer's the lack of prestige celebrity autobiographies once had
and find: in the industry u:r=J ~

• the names of two publishers the reason why celebrities feel a need to produce an
• the names of three ghost autobiography
writers the need to keep on good terms with the celebrity
• the names of two celebrities.
the range of companies now publishing celebrity autobiographies ~
'Iii 3~' Which section talks about: the type of consumer that celebrity autobiographies appeal to ~
the attitude of new celebrities? the lack of recognition ghost writers can expect in return for
2 the results of an unexpected their efforts
success?
- 3 hGw a-9hGst-writer-wGrks?- --· th ~ indifferenc~ of_OQese l~ bdty lo a_book's suc~s_?_
4 how a deal was struck? a ghost writer who had problems getting close to the
5 what a celebrity autobiography celebrity concerned
contains?
5 Match the words and phrases from the article to their closest
synonyms.
1 to be looked down upon (A) a) of low social status
2 clued-up (A) b) money earned from sales of a book
3 must-have (A) c) show disgust for
4 to turn up one's nose (B) d) become friends
5 downmarket (B) e) considered inferior to
6 royalties (B) f) aspiring
7 to turn down (B) g) essential
8 to tap (C) h) become more confidential
9 shirty (D) i) well-informed
1O would-be (E) j) refuse
11 to open up (E) k) exploit
12 to bond (E) I) showing irritation
UNIT 13 A way,with words
Ci\' IT 13 A way with words

Vocabulary 1: adverb ials 6 Going on what happened afterwards, it was clearly/

frankly I personally th e wrong decision.
expressing attitude 7 Apparently I Obviously I Actually no-one is
suggesting that it was your fau lt - you weren't
even there!
1 How do we express our feelings and ideas 8 It's easy to find out everything you need to know
clearly? Look at the statements below. One about th e project. Apparently I Clearly I Basically all
word in each sentence tells you how the you have to do is go on to the Internet and
person is fee ling. Underline the word, and down load the information pack.
decide which person is indicating that
a) th ey have heard that something is true though .J.:. Look at the following statements.
th ey are not sure. I'm amazed that reading hasn't died out all together
b) someth ing is easily noticed or understood. by now - what's the point of it nowadays?
c) they th in k that there is no doubt about something. Technology has taken over and we just don't need it.
d) they are speaking for only themselve$. In historical terms, reading and writing have only been
e) they are giving the most important information. accessible to everyone quite recently, but it has changed
f) they are speaking directly and honestly. the world. Where would we be without them?
g) what they are saying is in fact th eir true opinion, or
Work with a partner. Choose a statement each
contrastin g what has been said before.
and think of four arguments to support it. Then
Frankly, I th ink that books written by celebrities are discuss them with your partner. Use adverbials
usually overrated. where appropriate to show how you feel.
2 Actua lly, on second thoughts I don't rea lly want to
go out tonight.
3 Well, basica lly it's just a matter of fil li ng in a form Grammar 1: participle clauses
and they do the rest for you.
4 I wasn't at th e conference myself, but apparently it P·articiple clauses are quite forma l and appear
was a success. more In writing than in speaking. They are · . ·.
I '

5 Many people enjoy going to the cinema but · form.ed by replacing sor'ne~hing in a sentence ··
personally I prefer th e theatre. with a present participle (-ing) or a past
6 He was so upset - clearly not inviting him to the ·participie. · ·
party was a mistake.
7 We don't have much money, so obviously knowing Example:
the total cost of the trip is very important. 'You see, I'd arrived for work late so many times in
2 Two of the word s are almost interchangeab le. the past th at it wasn't a surprise when the boss
Which are they? told me off!'
Having arrived late for work on numerous
·. 2 Work with a partner. Decide which of the occasions, Jack was given an official reprimand by
alternatives in the following sentences is most his superior.
likely, and why.
Clauses including a participle can be used to
1 The young man was read ing avidly and was rep lace a relative pronoun and a verb, and to
actually I personally I obviously enjoying the book. rep lacewprds which give reasons, show results
2 Well, basically I apparently I personally all that or indicate time.
happened was that I was told to concentrate more
in cl ass ! To replace a relative pronoun and a verb
3 I've known Carlo for years - obviously I actually I
personally he's my oldest friend. ·1· Look at these sentences and answer the
4 It's a difficult situation all round, and frankly I questions below.
apparently I clearly I wish you hadn't said what 1 a) People who play sport regul arly are generally
you did. healthier th an those who don't.
5 Unfortunately I couldn't be at the meeting, but b) People playing sport regu larly are genera lly
clearly I apparently I frankly from what I've heard it healthier than those who don't.
was useful and productive.
 UNIT 13 A way with words

2 a) Children who are brought up to read books 2 a) Once she had fin ished her homework; she
cope well at school. decided to go out.
b) Children brought up to read books cope we ll at b) Having finished her homework, she decided to
school. go out.
3 a) She had been told that she could apply for the
1 Wh ich sentence in each pa ir uses a re lative
course, so she sent in a form .
clause? Which one uses a participle clause?
b) Having been told that she could apply for the
2 Which pair of sentences (1 or 2) has an active course, she sent in a form .
meaning? Which one has a passive meaning? Words such as .................... , .................... and .................. can be
Complete the ru le. replaced by a participle clause.
A participle clause with an active meaning uses a When the sentence is in the past, the participle clause
participle. can be formed by .................... + past part1 .c1 .pIe.
A participle clause with a passive mean ing uses a
........... pa rticiple. k 4 i Rewrite the sentences using participle
clauses, and removing the linking words or
-..t Using participle clauses occasionally gives expressions. Make sure that you use the correct
you the opportunity to use a range of structures. tense.
Rewrite the extracts from different written
documents below, rep lacing the relati ve clauses Example:
wit h participle clauses. Becau~e I wa~ l. J ruug hl up in Spain, I speak both
,... ________ ,__ Span ish and English.
l:J\Olllf.llt:. Having been brought up in Spain, I speak both
Students who fini sh first should leave the exam Spanish and English.
room quietly. We have two small ch ildren and as a result we
Students finish ing first should leave the exam room don't go out much in the evenings.
quietly. Having two small children, we don't go out much in
The witnesses saw a fire which was burning in the the evenings
distance. We arrived very late, so we decided to get a taxi
2 Not all the people who were registered for the from the airport.
conference actually attended. 2 I saw what the food was li ke in the hotel, so I went
3 The piece of wood that was holding the window to a restaurant to eat.
open had fa llen out, and this allowed the burg lar 3 Once they had announced their proposals, the
to enter the house. management expected the workforce to support
4 You r priority when you are making a career move their new pay structure.
should be the salary. 4 I looked forward to the party for weeks, and so I
5 We obtained a copy of the government report was upset when it was cancelled.
which was published last week. 5 When he had finished his lunch, he rushed out of
6 Anyone who wants to join should register on the the house to catch the train.
website. 6 I ordered a steak, and consequently I was annoyed
7 He was working at a desk which was piled high when the waiter brought me fish.
with papers, and clearly his working conditions
were poor. ~ Grammar reference p.196 (11)

To replace words which give reasons,

show results or indicate time
.3 ' Look at these sentences. Which word in the
first sentence in each pair indicates reason, result
or time? What has replaced it in the second
sentence? Comp lete the rules below.
a) Since we had paid so much for the holiday, we
were upset that the hotel was so bad.
b) Having paid so much for the holiday, we were
upset that the hotel was so bad.
157·
 UNIT 13 A way with words

5 2 Discuss these questions.

1 Read the text below. Which argument do you 1 Some people say that studying is a waste of time,
think t he writer supports? and getting experi ence is more important. What do
you think?
2 Rewrite the text using participle clauses to 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of
replace the numbered sections and making studying alone and studying with a teach er? Do
any other changes necessary. you think that it is different when you are learning
a language from learning anything else?
3 How far do you agree that studying at school is
The hardest thing we do? more im portant than studying as an adu lt?
How do we all develop language? The linguist 4 What do you think are the most important subjects
Noam Chomsky believed that (1) we are born with to include for young people nowadays? How
an innate knowledge of grammar with the result important is it to learn other languages?
that we don't need anyone to teach us the grammar 5 How important are communication skills?
of our native language; (2) once they have started to 6 How do you think technology wi ll influence
speak, children automatically speak grammatically. education in the future?
There is support for this theory from studies of
child language (3) which show that children use the
correct word order without ever having been taught Exam focus
what that order is.
In contrast, the psychologist B.F. Skinner Paper 3 Use of English: multiple-choice
believed that children must be taught language, doze (Part 1)
(4) because what they should do is copy models.
They imitate everything they hear around them About the exam: Paper 3, Part 1 is a short cloze
(5) and in this way they learn the rules of their passage from which twelve words have been
native language. But an interesting argument removed. For each gap, you must choose which of
against this is that the amount of time it would take the four words in the multiple-choice question
for a child to imitate everything they heard would fits the gap best. These questions test your
actually exceed the age of the Earth! j understanding of fixed phrases, col locations,
I
_I
linking words and expressions and
complementation (e.g. dependent prepositions,
gerund and infinitive, etc.), as well as your lexical
3 Discus~ l11ese questions.
knowledge.
1 Which theory do you like the sound of?
Suggested procedure
2 Do you think it is easier to learn a language when
you are young or when you are older? 1 Read the text quickly to get a general idea of
3 What aspect of learning a language do you find what it is about and how it is organised. Don't
most difficult? answer any of the questions until you've read
the whol e text.
2 Look at each gap in turn and th ink about the
se ntence. Can you predict the missin g word
Speaking: discussion (Parts 3 and 4) before you look at the options?
. 1, Work with a partner and complete the 3 Look to see if the word you pred icted is one of
following task. Look at the pictures on page 183. the four options. If it isn't, look for reasons
Remember to express your own opinions and to why the options don't fit the gap. For
ask your partner what they think. example, the wrong preposition may follow,
the meaning may not be exactly right, etc.
Here are some pictures showing different 4 If you're not sure of an answer, guess - you
occupations in which further study is often don't lose any marks if you get an answer
undertaken. First, talk to each other about how wrong.
important it might pe to continue to study in these 5 When you've answered all the questions, read
occupations. Then decide in which occupation the whol e text again to make sure all your
further study is most difficult to do. answers make sense in the context of the
whol e passage.
l< 158
 UNIT 13 A way with wo rds

, 1 For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer ·
(A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an :example at th e beginning (0).
Example:
0 A come B made C caught D met

An unusually successful lesson

A school in Scotland has (0) . ... . . A. . . ... up with an unusual way to improve its
pupils' health and well-being, (1) .................... at thesame time helping them to
become better learners. The six-year-old children have started doing a type of
massage that was developed in Sweden. Iri the dasses , ead1 d1ilJ d1uoses a
partner and takes it in (2) .................... to receive a massage of their back, neck and
shoulders. Not only do the children (3) .................... the activity fun, but this kind
of massage also (4) ...... .............. muscle tension.
To (5) .................... interest to the activity, the teachers have linked it to a story
about a small boy who wants to play in the snow, but first must put on his
glasses - the (b) .................... of the giasses is traced on the chiidren's shouiders.
Then he helps his mum with the baking - this involves kneading the
shoulders, and finally he goes out for a walk and has to (7) .................... the snow
off his coat on his return. The story is told slowly, each movement being
repeated three times .
When the·massage classes started, the children used to chatter and (8) ......
about, but now they are quiet, their faces pictures of (9) .................... concentration.
And the activity (10) .................... them in other ways too; they are noticeably
calmer and more (11) .................... of each other in the playground as well as being
more relaxed and (12) .................... to learn in the classroom.

1 A whilst B otherwise C whereas D instead

2 A rota B turns c order D sequences
3 A perceive B find C regard D discover
4 A supports B comforts C relieves D softens
5 A add B earn C gain D increase
6 A figure B form C profile D shape
7 A brush B mop ·c sweep D dust
8 A joke B mess C laugh D kid
9 A stressfu l B heavy C intense D strong
10 A promotes B enhances C favours D benefits
11 A friendly B tolerant C co-operative D helpful
12 A enthusiasti c B keen C optimistic D fond

.'. 2'. Do you thi nk the massage classes are a good idea?
What other non-academ ic activities do you think cou ld help ch ildren's
concentration ?
 C~IT 13 A way with words

Vocabulary 2: communication - 2 Work with a· partner. Th ink of a situation to

illustrate one of the expressions from Exercise 1.
idioms Your partner shou ld guess the expression you are
illustrating.
, ') · Look at the highlighted expressions in the
following sentences. Use the context to work out Example:
what they mean. Then check your ideas in a A: I was talking to my sister but she wouldn't listen
dictionary such as the Longman Exams Dictionary. and was going on about her own problems, so
Her manner of speech was, tq say the least, that it was impossible for me to say anything!
rather original. B: You mean you couldn't get a word in edgeways!
2 I hate parties where people just stand around and
maJ<e :SmaTI ,t9lk with people they've never met ·-3 · Some phrases with say are useful in
before and may never meet again. speaking. Match the functions 1- 6 to the phrases
a-f. Then write a two-li ne dia logue using the
3 My younger sister was very naughty today ..:. she
phrases. Practise saying it with a partner.
got ~ -real"~'alkimg~t9 from our father!
4 I dislike listening to politicians when they just talk Example:
and ta lk and never•
;~¢UO
~ ~~
.t, (
the
'• ·.
.'poirit
.r . ._
A: I think that it's going to snow tomorrow.
5 I just cou ldn't 1i;nakeJ'ieaa-.n,or:tail1of what the B: Well, as it's 30 degrees today it seems very
lecturer was saying - he used so many obscure unlikely, wouldn't you say?
· words that I've never heard of! to show that you don't know the answer to
6 I hate going out_yyjth work colleagues when all something
they do is ,t9ll< ~hoP. - we all have a life outside 2 to ask someone else's opinion when you want to
the office, but they seem to ignore that! influence them
7 I thought I'd made it clear but she got hold of the 3 to ask someone else's opinion
,WriQog~.B.@_p,t t8i.~[[R,- I asked her to come on 4 to show agreement
Saturday but she turned up on Sunday! 5 to indicate that something is true in spite of what
8 It's difficult to have a real conversation with him you have just sa id
because he doesn't seem to understand turn-
6 to indicate that something is generally uncertain
taking - he talks and I can't .gef'lf&..i0~rd~ in
· eqg~~~i~.· , .. a) I wou ld say that the plan should work.
9 I think we've been alt<' · ~·: 9t·C;.r6ss-pur~~s.es ~- I b) Sorry, I couldn't say.
was talking about my sister, not my sister-in-law, c) Reading anything is a good th ing. Having said that,
so you have misunderstood. I think it's important that books are well-written .
1O It's difficult to work for someone who thinks d) It seems very un likely, wouldn't you say?
the~'.!e" b~t~er } ha~ou, especially when they 'tplk e) What wou ld you say?
dowri .t0 Yow·ai1 _tile ·t ~~· f) Who can say?
11 My sister is very straight with everyone - she
always<SpgaJ<S .~I :miff~I, even if it offends people. · 4 · Discuss these questions. Try to use the
12 I think that we have to pull down the barriers, so expressions from Exercise 3 in your discussion.
to .·speak, between people so that we can all get How do you feel when people talk shop? Do you
on well. ever do it?
WE.LL, or COVtlSE,AS I WAS SAYING- To 2 Are you good at making small ta lk? How important
MARJORIE ONLY Y£S'fl~f)AY', WllAT YOll do you think it is? Think of situations when it
UAI/£ TO BEAR lf'l MtNP WHEN Yo1J'RE might be an important skill to have.
DEALIN6 Wtn-t TtlfS SDRf' OF THING IS 3 When was the last time you got the wrong end of
THAT ~0$T /..Afl.6£ COil.PoMTtONS -nltSE
PAYS Arte ENTIRELY Co"1Ml1TEO To the stick? Describe what happened.
fllLLY ROLLING . OIJT THE LE6'1$LA1'oH. 4 What can you do when someone talks down to
. IP-'
\ .,, you? How easy is it to deal with this situation ?
5 Is it always a good th ing when people speak their
~ ..~ " mind? What problems might it cause?
. l ', 6 When it is difficu lt to get a word in edgeways, do
you feel frustrated? How important do you th ink
turn taking is in relationships?
 UNIT 13 A way with words

Grammar 2: passives 2
Children to be offered lessons round the clock
I
· 7-fWhere do you think the passive is
used most often? Why do you think this
A truancy-hit school will lengthen its hours ond add
online teaching to entice bored pupils
!
is? Match a source and reason to each of J
CHILDREN attending aschool criticise.dfor its p9or truancy record are
the.following extracts.
1 Man bitten by dog
being offered 24-hour teacbing. As part gf thetwo-year pilot project,
they are provided with onlineteaching thf?ug,hout the night, and
I
2 The house was originally built in 1854, and classrooms are kept open from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m.
was extended in 1895 when the west
wing was added.
When aspokesman for the school (1) "'."as asked about theproject, she
provided a written statement explaining t.hat it wasan attempt to meet
J
3 The recommendation of the board is that
the policy shou ld be implemented.
4 The man was charged with robbery, and
the needsof children normally forced to fit in with education
conventions. Thestatement pointed·out that children must want to
come into school, and most p·lay truant because they arenot engaged
by the lessqns..(2)Jt w~~ gelieve.d that thps( who d,on'.t r~s~onq. ~o the
)
rem;.mueu ir1 Lu~Luuy ru1 Lhree weeks.
classroom:might be ~timtJlated by 9rilineJearning and·e-mentoring, and
"
5 It is hoped that the project will address the as aresuli"the ~a.fes of.(~)·tfuaii~:woula be sig~ifica~tly reduced
underlying issues and a reasonable solution during the life' of the p,roject. .; . ; 0
?. ,
'.· -.:, , ·
.• ;, \ ~ ,· "".!.a!""':.. - -\,<:~}
will be reached. .i. ·•'

The initiative' h~s been g.enerally·welcorhed. a~"a'n example of creative

Sources - -- ----------- --- ·-· - --~ __thinkingj).~tsJde_the ~ox{ and de'seryest~ b$..g,ivena fair ~ce!-_-~_..,_-
. although (4) its findinsis will be.closely monitored by ~ducational
press release . guidebook · authorities'in the months to'corrie.... ,;;' · . •. ·
newspaper headline report I ... ·-· · .. · .
criminal record ,,, • • , __ _ _ ----~ -....:__,---_...__..,,

~· ~ Look at the words in italics in the following

Reasons
sentences. Is it possible to make this part of the sentence
charge more important than the person
passive? If ye_s, _n.i.~~e the tra12sfo_'.n;_~t ion : ~f n?t,_why not?
mal<ing it
infcffrriation more important thnn agent 1 Someone will be able to answer all your questions very
no agent - object more important than soon.
subject 2 They say that archaeologists will soon be able to explain
object or event more important than how the pyramids were constructed.
subject 3 Students have been asking for some more revision on the
needs to sound objective and impersonal · Roman period of history.
4 Everybody believes that the government has raised taxes
too much.
. Read the article. Some examples of
5 I had a great surprise today when the people at the Inland
the passive have been highlighted. Match
Revenue sent me a cheque for overpaid tax!
each of the uses of the passive a-d to one
6 You must clean up your room before you do anyth ing else !
of the examples.
7 The col lege is going to send more than 20 students abroad
a) Using the passive means we can avoid an to study.
awkward change of subject in the middle 8 Someone got a fantastically high score in the test, but I
of a sentence. don't know who it was!
b) We often use the passive with verbs such
as think, believe, know, say to give a 4 · Work with a partner. Look at the following
general opinion. situation. Discuss what you think the school should do,
c) Using the passive can make a statement and then write a statement for release to the loca l press
sound more impersonal and less connected describing your solution . Use the passive as much as
to the speaker. possible.
d) We use the passive when the active form
wou ld require the use of an indefinite or A local school is finding it difficult to motivate students to
vague pronoun, e.g. someone, they, take part in extra-curricular and sporting activities, and fears
people. that students will become unfit and unhealthy

1.61
 UNIT 13 A way with words

Listening: mu ltiple choice I Extract Two · I

(Part 1) You overhear two young people ta lking
about a course the girl did .
.·1 Discuss these questions.
3 What was it a course in ?
1 Wh at are the qua lities of a good teacher?
A jewellery making
2 How should the performance of a teacher be judged?
B fashion design
a)through exam results?
C fine art
b)through student feedback?
c)by assessing his/her impact on students' lives and 4 They agree that the course tutors should have
development? A introduced students to people who cou ld
3 Should education prepare young people for life or help them in their careers.
for work? B helped students to organise public showings
of their creative work.
C made arrangements for students to gain
some work experience.

IExt~act Three I
You hear part of a televised debate about
technology and education.
5 What is Dr Ashby doing in this speech?
A putting forward a new theory
B questioning the results of recent research
C revealing the weaknesses in a common
perception
6 Dr Ashby mentions television and mobile
phones to illustrate
A how technology can interfere with students'
ability to learn study skills.
B how young people ure the first to see the
potential of new technology.
C how predictions about the effects of new
@ ·· 2 You will hear three different extracts. Choose technology came true. ·
the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to
what you hear. '1:.~· Do you agree with Dr Ashby's point of
view?

/ Extract ·one 4 ' What other aspects of new technology

You hear part of a radio programme entitled My can be useful in ch ildren's:
· Favourite Teacher, in which a woman called Jill is a) learning of specific ski lls?
remembering her schooldays. b) general education for life?
1 Jill feels that Miss Cape's greatest qua lity was her ability
A to keep control of the class.
@ .;. 5 Look at these words and expressions
from Dr Ashby's ta lk. Listen again and decide
B to keep the class motivated. if she used them in a positive or a negative
C to keep her students entertained . way.
2 Jill tells the story about the difficult student in order to
underline Miss Cape's individualistic self-centred hype
get to grips with
A inconsistent attitude to discipli ne.
B impatience with certain kinds of behaviour.
C professionalism in the face of provocation.
 UNIT 13 A way with words

Vocabulary 3: similes (like/as) 2 How can Sally· do presentations without looking at

all nervous? I'd be terrified! .................. ...... .
·1 • '
Sim) Ies ar.e oft.en 1;1sep if1 ?Pee~9\ o(vyrit\r,i'g ~o 3 Is Sue all right? She looks really pale - should we
make something more inter.estihg to listen .to, suggest she sees a doctor? ........................................................ ..
ot to make' a point se'em stronger or'rnore 4 A: You look very relaxed, Carlo - did you sleep well
memorable. .• ' . in the hotel last night?
B: Very well - th e bed was so comfortable I slept
Similes with like
5 The boss just never thinks before he says anything
Example: - he rea lly puts people's backs up sometimes.
He never settled anywhere for long - he moved
around all the time.
He never settled anywhere for long - he lived
like a rol ling stone.
Writing: proposal (Part 2)
:'f~ Work with a partner. What do you think the
.
highlighted similes with like mean? Write down . In Paper 2, Part 2, ~ou may be asked to
your ideas, and then check in a dictionary. write a proposal. You will be given a task and a
, . , context, but you will need to use your own ideas
- - .-i- - - -1-_Ld_ad111se_)!.o.uJo:ke.ep__?ulDL~ b_e...b..<2S.S.5....Way_ todQ.1/,_ _ - -iA-the-f)Fef>esal. __ __
He's like a _beur with iJ 5orc hcQd.
7 \i\/hPn I wPnt rri mrin 0 with friends last year. it was Which of the following statements are not true of a
so peacefu l - in spite of the uncomfortable ground proposal?
I slept like a log . • It is written in an informal style.
3 I rea lly didn't enjoy the party - it wasn 't my scene. • It gives facts.
I felt Hke a fish.out' of water. • It uses a range of interesting vocabulary.
4 He feels so strongly about some issues, li ke the • It is possible to use head ings and bu llet points.
value of books - telling him books are a thing of •- 1t~makes-suggestions.. or rec:ommendati0ns. ·
the past is lil«~~ a r~9 rag fu.a bom
5 He doesn't think before he speaks - he just says
the first th ing that comes into his mind - he's' like a
bull in a chinarshop. 1 Read the following writing task.

Similes with as ... as Your college wants to improve its results in

foreign language exams. Your class has
dther similes .link an .~djective ancl a noun to
conducted a survey to identify the reasons for
create .a stronger: effect: · ' ..
the current situation, and you have been asked
to write a proposal making recommendations
Example:
(with reasons) to improve it.
He was very angry and went red in the face.
as
He was so angry his face was red~:as'a · oe~trciot. Write your proposal in 220- 260 words.

, 1?'.:l. Match the simil e halves. Are they t he same

2 Which organ isation wou ld be best for the
in your language? Use each one in a sentence to
proposa l?
bring out its meaning.
A B
as strong a) as a sheet Introduction . Introduction
2 as light b) as an ox Main issues identified Recommend ation s
3 as white c) as a feather Recommendations with Reasons for
4 as quick d) as a cucumber reasons recommendations
5 as cool e) as a flash Conclusion Conclusion

3·
Use similes from Exercises 1 and 2 to 3 Discuss with a partner your ideas for
describe these people. • possible reasons for the situation
1 John just sits around on his own - he never takes • recommendati ons for im proving it.
part in any office activities. ................................
 UN IT 13 A way with words

3 Read the proposal below, which was written 4

in answer to the task . Compare the ideas in th e
1 Highlight five uses of the passive. Which parts
proposal with your own . Which organisation has
of the proposal are they in? Why? Why is it
the writer used? Fill in the missing headings.
important that these sections seem objective
What recommendations does the writer make,
and impersonal?
and what reasons does he give?
2 The writer has used a range of structures. Find
TIP! If you choose to use bullet points in a two participle clauses and underline them.
report or a proposal, make sure that you sti ll 3 The writer has used two expressions that are
use a range of language. Don't be tempted to too informal for a proposal. Find them and
use notes or simpl e structures. rewrite them in a more forma l way.
4 The writer has made eight careless spelling
mistakes. Find and correct them. What kind of
mistakes were they? Do you make this kind of
:l1'ltrod'!Ac. tio11
spelling mistake yourself? Make a note of any
The. s-urve.7r c.011~1Ac.te.d tt111.0~ st1Ade.11f.s .ide.11htie.d two
0 mistakes that you do make, and learn the
M i11. probfe.111.s with £t\11.~1At\Oe. fe.ttc.Li.111 111. t(,(e. c.o£.£e. e..
0 0 correct spelling.
This propostti o-uHi11e.s fke.se. probie.111.s tt~d 111.tt)(e.s , .·
re.c.o111.111.e.11.dtt tio11s· -P.or sofotid11s.
( !) ...................................... : 1 Read the two tasks below.
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tv..e. .foreci011 £tt~~~O.e, o'!At~ide. f.~ :~~Sr-?.riiti. 1. t\11~ tr' it activities at your co llege is fa lling. Your class
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prob£e.t11. .is c.o11.e.c..t~d ·fo this1 w~ic.h .. iF fhi'. .:~f'IA~i~is for this, and you have been asked to write a
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0
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• A widb se.!~C:t;o-ti. ~.f
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This wo'!Aid pro\iide. 111.0tivti.tio111 1vi-ti~ 'sf1Ade:11ts ti. r~r:J.
0 programme developing communication skills
re.t\S01'\ to £.iste:-x to tl-1.e. £.t\-x0 '.!Ati.oe.: f.h~~ ~:e.· ~ftl.r1'\J1'l0· for the workplace. Your class has conducted a
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who£e.. ~iti.ss oit.~ spe.P.KS i-» tv..e. se.c.o-x4··1t\11 1Ati. e. • :r.f .
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0 Write your proposal in 220- 260 words.
0
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0
we.H-)(1'low111 to be. 1i1-0tivP.ti11 . · .
2 Choose one task, and discuss your ideas with a
0 . partner. Then write your proposal using the
samp le answer as a model. Make sure that you
Co11c.£.'US i01'\
use an impersonal style, use the passive where
A££ thre.e. re.c.0111£.1'.1dtttio11s Mde. IA.ere. wo'!Aid -»e.ed to be. appropriate and use a range of structures,
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especially if you include bullet points. Check
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tl-1.e.re. wo1A£d be. t\ re.tt£ i1i1-pr0ite.111£.11t 1-» tl-1.e. s1f1AP.t1011.

·-~....- .. ~.>.. ~Jt ... .,, . ............ ~ .r· ... .. ,,. -t' -~· .....
--·
,-rr-.- ... _....--,.; ,,_,...___.. • Writing reference p.207 ··
 lJ 1~ 1 1

1 -. Read the text below and think of the word 2 Complete the second sentence so that it has
which best fits each gap. Use only one word in a simi lar meaning to the first sentence, using t he
each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). word given. Do not change the word given. You
must use between three and six words including
First words the word given.
They are doing translations of that book in various
The SONY Computer Science Laboratory in Paris European languages. VARIETY
· a cosmopo1·1tan pIace (0) ....................
is where an That book is ......... ............... ..... ...................... ...... of European
international team of researchers converses in lang uages.
English, French and Japanese. But the air is also 2 More people are speaking the Welsh language now
·(1) .................... of more exotic voices uttering strange than they did 50 years ago. WIDELY
words (2) .................... as 'wabaku' and half- The Welsh language .................. ........................ ................ than it
was 50 years ago .
recognisable phrases like 'pushred wablueko' .
These are Luc Steel's talking robots. Even the 3 People now think that language developed
through negotiation. THOUGHT
most accomplished linguist will have problems
Language ......................... ................................ through
(3) ................. ... polite conversation with them, because negotiation.
iliey don'tSpe any anguage we Rffow. Insteao .
4 Children ought to learn computer skTITSbefore th.ey
thP.v -invPnt
~--- .I -- - -- .
thP.ir (' 4)"

For decades, scientists have argued about Computer skills ........................................... pre-school
ch ildren.
(5) . ............ . . . it was that our ancestors came to evolve
something (6) .................... complex and elegant as 5 Someone asked the police spokesperson to explain
why the star had been arrested. GIVE
language. What sort of brain would they have
The police spokesperson ..........................................................
.n~ede~? Linguist.Noam Clio_II]SkY. believe_d that explanation for the star's arresf ..
some kind of linguistic rules must be encoded in
6 Nobody pays much attention when elderly people
our genes and brains. (7) .................... opponents argue complain about fa lling educational standards.
that picking (8) . .................. language is simply a matter NOTICE
of learning, and that given enough examples we can Little ................................................ ........ who complain about
extract meaning, rules and order from (9) .................... fa lling educational standards.
we hear, through a sort of subconscious statistical "3 There is a mistake in each of these
analysis. sentences. Correct the mistakes.
But Steel's research points (10) .................... a third He never thinks before he says anything - he's like
way. Time and time (11) .................... he has heard new a horse in a china shop.
languages evolve in computers that are not 2 I've never seen him so angry - his face was as red
as a rose.
programmed (12) .................... with the equivalent of an
3 He trains in the gym every day - he's as strong as
innate linguistic sense or with statistical powers. an elephant.
Instead, for each new language, rules are gradually 4 I just didn't feel comfortable working there - I fe lt
invented, negotiated, built upon and spread like a fish out of sea.
(13) .................. .. pairs of robots talking to , and learning 5 I don't know how I thought of the idea - it came
to me in a bang!
from, one another. In (14) .................... words, language
6 I'm sorry, but I don't know what to tell to you .
is a complex adaptive system, a living thing which ·
organises (15) ................ .... and spreads like a virus.
 It's how you tel I it

Reading 1: mu ltiple
choice (Part 1) Sign in I Help
. . 1 Discuss these questions. The Neverending Story
1 Do you enjoy stories?
Do you like: An excellent story, one that can be read again and again
• listen ing to stories?
• reading stories? REVIEWER : Am azon .co.uk Reviewer
• following stories in films or
TV programmes? It is unfortunate that a movie was made out of this book, because it really
• telling stories? takes something away from it! Th is is a wonderful, original story - a boy
named Bastian steals a book called The Neverending Story from a
2 What makes a good story: the bookshop and hides himself in the schoolhouse attic to read it. The book
characters, the plot or the he has stolen is about the magical world of Fantastica, a world that is
ideas? interconnected with its ruler (the Childlike Empress); but she is dying, and
Fantastica is dying with her. As he reads on, Bastian gets slowly more and
!' ·2· Think about an interesting more drawn into the book, until the two worlds begin to overlap .. .
story you heard/read/saw
recently. What made it The style of the book is clever and elegant. It is easy to distinguish the parts
interesting? Was it: set in Fantastica from the parts set in the schoolhouse, for the parts in the
schoolhouse are written in italics. The ideas are original (I love the idea of
• the content?
the 'nothing' that engulfs Fantastica - you can't even see it properly because
• where you heard it?
there is nothing to see) and nothing else I have ever read rivals it for
• the way it was told?
ingenuity. Though the book is not particularly long, so much happens in it
Tell your partner either the that by the time you reach the end you feel as if you have been reading it for
story (if it's brief I) or a quick yP.rirs. The broad outline of the plot that I f:}ave only covers the first part of
summary of the story. the book. I can't write any more because I don't want to spoil it. The book's
also humorous and gives the reader a few things to think about, though not
· 3-.: You are going to read in an obvious way - the morals are there to be picked up if you happen to
three extracts which are all notice them. This is an absolute classic, and I would unhesitatingly
concerned in some way with recommend it to anybody who loves a really good fantasy novel.
stories. Choose the answer (A, I© 2007 Amazon.com, Inc. and its affil iates I
B, C or D) which you think fits
best according to the text. ~~··- · ··--- ..

1 The revi ewer says that this book is superior to others she has read
because
A the ideas it presents are so clever.
B the style of writing is so original.
C the plot is so dense and involving.
D the characters are so appea ling.
2 Wh at does th e reviewer feel about th e more thought-provoking
aspects of the book?
A They are best ignored.
B They are quite subtly presented.
C They are weakened by the use of humour.
D They are too moralistic to be taken seriously.
 UNIT 14 It's how you tell it

EXTRACT FROM THE NOVEL THE ISLl,l_NP

Alexis had only one clue to her mother's past: a More than words can say· 1·
faded wedding picture which had stood on jfollywood has always mined' comic books for rea.dy-rnade . .
Sophia's bedside table for as long as Alexis characters with instant audience recognitioi1. Som·e of the
could remember, the ornate silver frame worn resultant films were good- think of Superman and the spiritual J
thin with polishing. In early childhood when darkness of Batman - most less.so. Some directors are mining .~
Alexis used her parents' big, bumpy bed as a . graphic novels to better effect. Quentin Tarantino used anime, J
trampoline, the image of the smiling but rather the two-dimensional animation style derived from Japanese
stiffly posed couple in the picture had floated manga comic books, for scenes in his film Kill Bill. Back on the . ·
up and down in front of her. Sometimes she printed page, however, the graphic novel form is evolving.
asked her mother q~estions .about the beautiful Authors and artists now use the literary form as witness to recent \
lady in lace and the chiseiled platinum-haired events, for polemics, for corning-of-age stories and for tender
man. What were their na:rne~? Why did he have ~~~~~ - ·.
grey hair? Where were they now? Sofia had Graphic novels often demand three readings: once for the text,
given the briefest of answers; that they were · once for the drawings and once to bring the two together.
Aunt Maria and Uncle Nikolaos, and they had Authors play with the possibilities, using the graphics to;tell a f
lived in Crete and that they were both now 1
I
different tale to the text. In Jimmy Corrigan: the Smartest Kid
1- -ae4~'!"'F!¥s · l'lfor.mati0n-had;.satisfied-Alexis~th<m:-~+- _ onEarth7by_Chris..Ware,~~~~tr~~e.,dia~eY\ItP~ n·~tu ed_ .
: - out rrow .she needed to krtow more.It was ! in. a diner scene i'eminiscent of Edward Hopper's painting
.,
u1e
.. :
::ildlU~
,. . , . . -
U! LlU~
- • - · - --
J:.IH-LWt: -
-~ ~-
.... -
L!~t:
-· ~ 1__· c.._~
UHLY Hauic u
- . . .J ~ .Mi~hth'J.~! 1ks. !tis on!~r !~ti:r, wh~n thP.y rP.<tlise t.hat. t.hey havr.foul
photograph in the entire house that intrigued their car stolen, that the reader turns 'back to see the thief
her as much as anything. The couple had clearly i clearly outlined by the.light from the diner window. Ware varies
been significant in her mother's childhood and ! his frame sizes too, adjustingthe e~phasis pf.each and, on some
yet ~qphia-aiways seemed' reluctant to talk l pages, creating a collage of images. that' illuminate the ~story.
aqoU,qhem. It was,much inore th.an rcluct~ce; I Other authors use whole pages to.create the df.amatic.irilpact of ·
~ -.a film close-up. . .• · · ·· · · · · ··· ~
rn'f<ltfit:wassru Bor~ refus.al KsAl~xis gre\v .. f
int0: ~.~oles<teifce· sh~ "J:iad·ie~~<0. ecl tcrn~spP..ct her ·
mocl,1.er's desire for privacy ..:.. it was as keen as
1.;

-~~-......-..:.- . --·~~·. ;,;. .'. ;' .f

her ·ownteenage instinct to Jock herself away
and . aV.oid communication, But she had grown 5 In the first paragraph, the writer is suggesting that
bey9nd all that now. A films based on comic book characters were generally
i
·-~-......_j
unsuccessful.
B fi lm adaptations are influencing the development of
3 Why did Alexis find the wedding photograph graphic novels.
in her mother's bedroom so interesting? C fi lms are harder to adapt from graphic novels than
A It rem inded her of her childhood. from comic books.
B It was clearly a most treasured object. D fi lms based on graphic novels rather than comic
books are more rea listic.
C She didn't believe what her mother said
about it. 6 The graph ic novel Jimmy Corrigan is mentioned as
D She remembered feeling frustrated by her providing an example of
mother's attitude. A an irritating experience for readers.
4 From the last sentence of the extract, we B a scene that would work well in a film .
understand that Alexis C an imaginatiYe use of an evolving format.
A was no longer curious about the people in D a plot that relies more on the artwork than the words.
the photograph.
B regretted not being more communicative 4 Discuss these questions.
as a teenager. 1 If you had to choose, which of the three novels would
C had come to understand her mother's you prefer to read? The Neverending Story, The Island or
feelings better. Jimmy Corrigan? Why?
D had decided to ask again about th e 2 Have you ever read a graphic novel?
photograph. 3 How do you think novels will ch ange in the future?
167 ,
 Ci\Tf 14 It's how you te ll it

Use of English: open doze (Part 2) 2 Compa re your·answe rs with a partner and
justify your ideas.
1 Discuss these questions.
4
How do you enjoy spending evenings with friends?
Do you ever go to live perform ances such as a live 1 Read the comp lete text again and answer
concert or a drama in the th eatre? these questions. Did anything surprise you in
2 If you go to a live concert, what kind of music do the text?
you Iisten to? How did people orig inally keep a record of poems?
3 If you go to th e theatre, what do you li ke to see? 2 What happened when people began to write
4 Have you ever been to a live show where poetry poetry and stories down?
was read aloud? Do you think you would enjoy it7 3 How popu lar is performance poetry today?
Why?NVhy not!
2 Discuss these questions.
Do you think you like poetry? Why?NVhy not?
1 Look at the title of the text below. What do 2 Which words sum up poetry for you?
you think it wi ll say about how popu lar cu lture a) interesting d) boring
started? b) funny e) irrelevant
c) difficult f) old fash ioned
2 Read the first three sentences to f ind out.
3 What makes poetry different from text for
f.·3/ you? Choose some of the fol lowing ideas.

1 Now read the text and think of the word rhyme rhythm strange words
which best fits each gap. Use on ly one word in lots of adjectives difficult ideas
each gap. There is an example at the
beg inning (O).

. ... ,,. ·: .. ,.
~

The ·birth ofpopular cultute .... • •,( I •· :::

~-- - r • . ,:';.
. ..
~
' '' . · ~· _/~}{/ :;.:J:~j:?;'.: ' .: i•h
!{'~ ::,, . :_wl'.!:Jr1.'f·~ IQipk o.hu0pulul t:l!liu1e·1l1ese Jyy,~,>; •· ... :_,- ~h8~~e:d_-1Sb,:~fo~·'.j_ef.J~ of·a(dm~:
'.· .. . (OJ . what spring to niind are p.op m ui;i~, a_ nd ' . · f9:l\,:.:.~'.;~!:·~:W~1$[,rf19.n ~~ ·'p~t~p~q~;~ra :
'l ' '. ' television prog'rc:'imme~ (1) ' as sfop '' became
: ·.r.· -·• ·_(10)::: ... :~,. .....,.... seporaie
.1, . .: .. ,__._ •.· ·,/ _: ..
6rtform. · {
;~ ,~f,''<!.':" •./:; -;:;.-.

,,'.., ·. operas: few of. l)~\v.ould think of poetry as ci . · Neq,niiy,b,ile;~· in.'rg\al:b.nd travellin~{~~ie(\~~('..;~
'' .,: form of p~pubr ~ulture;' although a'tjpe ~f p~eiry ' pe1f0rnianci po_ etry :developed .i'riio-.tfie {6lk~~~;{
' :. (2) . . 'we!F be the common ancestor of much ' ' . o.( 11 J .:'..::..:....:.::... ; l9t~dus~d with Afra:~_[llerita~-;~:;;#tl\f;';" · • :~
:
· :'irciditions i~ ~~orhe' modern popiukir ·music:· >;;=:Jf.1' -" :~~;:
·· )
:" •·\ . :
• •' · ·.•• .·~;:-_:·.·: ••. • 1. :· . ;_ ... ~:-·-<,.:+;?· .....· ~:'_.
(12) .................... poetry itself has never di~d b~t. fev> ' ~; i'.
' . · · . · · • _: ·. . .,l:"r_- • ··~ Ii •, .
people' rea~ it:9r attend poetry performances ~b~s.e . 1~~ "'. ' '
days: And fl 3) .,.......... poetry still bcc;:asio~plly ·:~>;; :.".:'
w ...,. ;

1 1
e njoys.buisis
.
.of. vvii:!Eir popularily,
r• . .' · . ' .·'\"..:fi· .'·· ·. \ .,. '
often.:. conf'\eded
- -,,·.·fl .r· rl
'~I.
·.· / ' • t~

' with·re.yoluti.9."r1~-i'n. popular culiffreJt~r ..:.~.:.•.'.~,:,....:J~): .·. ,;(!

·.- • ._-·,•!:;;•;• tvf'.:io· r . _.,,~ _... ":vi,. '.-f·lf".~H:r:-,..~i,. J· ·;;:r-
the Punk 'or Reggae poets of the late 1wentietn ··• ·," .;~ '. .< .
• •• • - • . • • • • • • ... ,J..( ••

century,·and c;ontemporary rap artist~ . Through .· _· : . \. . . .

· !hes~ ·rec:ple,r.perforpance poetry. occ8,5/o~~]Y,,1,;:: ' · 1~~ ..
forc;es" (15J ..... .'L:..... }.waybad ·irito' the .pw~~i'c-,'.'.'~;i"':';: ..... ;
consciousness -: 'perhaps tapping inlo a folk ,
the memory of' how ,.
popular
. .
cultu~e all startei>
 UNI T 14 It's how you te ll it

5 Vocabu!ary· 1: books and stories

1 The lines in the fo llowing poem are in the
ll Complete the sentences using words from
wrong order. Work with a partner and create a
the box. You may need to change the form of
poem of your own, using the lines in any
the word.
order. You can leave out lines if you like, but
you must not change them. Remember to give
paperback blurb volume copy
your poem a title.
best-seller whodun it edition thriller

There are four .................... of the latest version of the

dictionary - it's huge!
2 I like to have two ................... of my favourite book -
one to read when I travel and one to keep at
home.
3 Her first novel did not sell well, but her next was a
.................... and was sold to Hollywood.
4 His first book is still selling well, but it is now 20
years old so he has updated it and the new ....... .
-. ~

5
will be published next year.
I enjoy al l kinds of hooks but my favourite kind of
_ t - •• • - I I . • _ ~ ; • - . - - .L _ _, I . -
)LU I y I) d ···················· - I 1uve LI y1111,;1 LU 1,;1ue::i::i VVI IU LI l e
murderer is before I get to the last page!
6 The kind of book I take on holiday is one that I find
exciting - a .................... like those written by John
Grisham, that have crime and spies and so on.
7 I only buy books when they come out in .... ...............
because they'rp rhPilf1Pr thiln the hardback version
and lighter to carry around.
8 Before I buy a book I always flip through it lo get
an idea of the story and also read the .................. on
the back which gives me a short summary.

2 There are different ways of reading. Match

the ways to the descriptions.

wading through dipping into

browsing skimming

I spend a lot of time looking through books in

shops. I tend to read different blurbs and a couple
of pages from each book before I choose the one I
want to spend my money on ..............
2 Even if I find a book hard to read, I'll sti ll struggle
on to the end because I can't bear the thought of
not knowing what happens! ................ . .... .
3 I love travel books - I don't read them from cover
to cover like a novel, but I tend to flip through
2 Read your complete poem aloud to the class. them and find locations that I imagine I'm vi siting .
Use intonation and rhythm to make it
interesting. Ask the other students what they
4 When I read a text in an exam I usually read it
thought of your poem. · quickly first to get a general idea of what it's about
@3 Now listen to the actual poem. Was your before reading it in detail. .. ... .
version the same or different? Which do you
prefer? Why?
·1.69
UN I T 14 It's how you tell it

Exam focus 5 In Part 3, remember that one of the ski lls in

discuss ion is t urn-ta ki ng; co-operate w it h your
Paper 5 Speaking (Parts 1-4} pa rtn er and ask t hem fo r t heir opini on. Th is is
a shared t ask!
About the exam: Paper 5 takes 15 minutes for a 6 Don't worry if t he interlocut or stops you
pa ir of candidates . There are two exam in ers, but before you have f inished speaking - th at just
only one (t he interlocutor) speaks to the means t hat you have run out of t ime!
candidates. The assessor just listens.
Yo u are assessed on: Work in groups of four. Decide who will be
o the accuracy and ra nge of grammar and Ca ndidate A and who will be Ca ndidate B, and
vo cab ul ary th at you use who will be the interlocutor. The fourth student
• discourse management, e.g. the way you should listen and think about how we ll the two
organise your ideas and whether they are ca ndidates are performing.
relevant to the task you are doing
The student who is th e interlocutor should look at the
• pronunciation
script on page 187.
• your ab ility to interact with your partn er and
w ith the interlocutor. Candidate A look at your photographs on page 184.
Candidate B look at your photographs on page 184.
There is also a general mark given for your
overall performance in the whol e of the test. The interlocutor shou ld read the script and time the
Although it is important that you interact with activities while the other two stud ents are doing the
your partner, you will on ly be assessed on your tasks. When you have f inished, discuss together:
own performance and you will not be com pared • anything that was difficult
with your partner. • ways in which performance cou ld be improved.
There are four parts to the test
Part 1 The interlocutor asks you questions about
yourself and your opinions.
Part 2 You each speak for one minute alone and
without interruption. You are each given a set of
three photographs and asked to comment on
two of them. You are also asked a brief question
after your partner has spoken about their
photographs.
Part 3 You work with your partner to complete a
task based on pictures.
Part 4 You answer questions from the
interlocutor con nected with the topic of the Part
3 task.
Listening: multiple choice
(Part 1)
Suggested procedure
1 Li st en ca refully to th e inst ructions th e . .f Look at the task on page 171 . The three
interlocutor gives you for each part of the test. extracts are on different topics. Discuss these
2 Be positive. Speak clearly and answer questions.
questions fu lly, although rem ember that you How many people will you hear in each extract?
only have to give a brief answer to th e 2 Where does each extract come from?
question fo llowing your partner's 3 What is the topic of each extract?
photographs.
4 Look at the mu ltiple-choice questions. How much
3 If t here is anything you don't understand, ask do you know about the extract before you listen?
th e interlocutor.
4 Try to use a range of language when
TIP! In t he exam you have time to read the
comp leting the different tasks, and don't
questions before each extract is played. Use all
wo rry if you make a mistake. Accuracy is only
the information on the page to help you
part of the assessment criteri a.
imagine the situation and think about what you
will hea r.
 UNIT 14 It's how you tell it

t[} _. 2 You will hear t hree different extracts. 3 Discuss t hese questions.
Choose the answer {A, B or C) whi ch fits best Would you be interested in read ing stories about
according to wh at you hea r. There are two celebrities written by their fa ns?
questions for each extract. 2 Do you think it is possible to study whilst listening
to music?
IExtract One \ 3 What do you th in k makes a good film ?
You hear the beginning of a rad io discussion
about ce lebrities.
1 According to Sally, what can psychologists Vocabulary 2: synonyms
now do?
One of the things that makes a story
·A help people who are obsessed with celebrities interesting is the variety and range of,
B assess how serious an obsession with a celebrity language the writer uses. Being aware of
might be synonyms and paraphrase will also hel.P you in
C show people how to use their obsession in a the CAE exam.
more productive way
2 What does Sally suggest about the majority of f~ The vocabul ary in t he following text is
people cl assed as suffering from CWS? rather boring. Work with a partner, and replace
A There is nothing so unusual in their behaviour. each highlighted word with a synonym. Use a
~ Thi:>y ;i rp ;:irt11;i lly rlning c:; nmPthing ci11ite creative . dictionary or thesaurus if necessary.
C They are in danger of becoming obsessive about
their hero.
Janet (1) asked Carlo to take her back to the t
hotel She felt (2) ner\tous, now that she kn~whth;
IE~trart r~ri-~ \
the klller was still free. It was all .becau~e ~ en;w
You hear part of a talk given to a group of information that could convict him, ~n~ \ h
parents by Derek Palmerston, an expert in (3) ~n_ew, that he (4)'knew - so (5) as a.re~\4- er
education. life was in danger. d
Once she arrived in her hotel room she sat own
3 In th is part of his talk, Derek is
on the bed, (6) thinking :"'haUo d.o next She
A criticising certain types of behaviour. didn't (7)·k.now. She (8) was SL\r,.p~1~e,d w~~: the
telephone rang suddenly. Shehp1ck~d upt the other
B arguing in favour of a new approach.
C questioning certain assumptions. .
receiver her han d shak'ing· T e voice a
4 In the rest of his talk, Derek intends to end wa~ strangely familiar.
A provide evidence to support a new idea.
B compare two ways of dealing with a situation .
C give a detailed account of the research he's 2 What do you t hink happens next? Write a
mentioned. short paragraph to comp lete the story. Try to
make it as interesting as possible. Then compare
your ideas with another student.
\ Extract Three \
You hear two friends discussing a fi lm. 3
5 What is the man's opinion of the film? @1 Listen to a student read ing her paragraph.
A It didn't live up to his expectations. Is it very different from yours? Notice any
B It was a waste of time going to see it. interesting. vocabulary, e.g.
C It is a film that he would recommend seeing. • what was her heart doing7
• how much was she shaking?
6 What do the two friends agree about?
• how did the man get into the room?
A how well the characters were developed
B how well the battle scenes were directed 2 Record any new words in your vocabu lary
C how good the main actor's performance was notebook, taking care to note its exact
meaning and any contexts in which it can
be used.
 UNIT 14 It's how you tell it

Writing: the set book (Part 2 What makes the book interesting or exciting7
Describe a memorable or exciting moment to your
question 5) partner.
2 Choose the most interesting character and describe
About t he exam: In Paper 2, Part 2, Question 5,
him/her. Is th is also your favourite character?
you can choose to answer a question on one of
3 Is the title a good one? Why?/Why not?
the set books. You may be asked to write an
4 Wou ld the book make a good fi lm? Why?/
essay, an article, a report or a review. You can
Why not?
follow the genera l gu idelines for each task type,
but the deta ils wi ll come from the set book you 5 Wou ld you recommend this book to a friend?
choose. Why?/Why not?

You don't have to answer Question 5, but if you

do, you need to know the book well enough to
be able to answer the question by referring to 1 Look at t he two tasks on page 191 . In the
t he story or the characters. exam t he questions wou ld be on t he specific
set text and not genera l.
Suggested procedure
2 Read t his answer, wh ich was written in answer
1 Read the book all the way through, and enjoy
to task a). Notice how the writer has given an
it! Get a genera l idea of the story and the
idea of t he plot, and used examples from the
characters, and think about any parts you
book to support his views.
rea lly enjoyed. Talk about it to your friends,
and see what they thought about it.
2 Read the book again, this time more carefu lly.
Make notes for yourself under the fo llowing The la.st book I read t hat I rea.11~ enjo~ed reading was
head ings: 'The Pelican Brief' b~ John Grisham. Wh~ did 1 enjo~ it
o Plot: main events and the order that they so muc.h '? It is a. real page turner, a. whodunit with
happen in the story man~ unusual a.speds , and a. brush with romance.
0 An important decision, event, letter, meeting,
The slor~ is fu ll of lwisls. Lale one night. Abe
etc. that has ah effect on the plot
Rosenberg, l he Supreme Court's liberal judge, i& gunned
• Characters: what they are like, how and why
down in his own home. The same night, lhe court's
they are important in the story
~oungesl and most. c.onserva.live judge is strangled. W~l
• Places: quick descriptions of setting and
locations linked lhe two men and wh~J were lhe~J ki lled'? . Da.rb~1
o Your own reaction: your feelings about the Shaw t hinks she knows lhe answer. She is a la.lenled
book, with reasons for why you feel like this. law student who begins her own invesliga.lion inlo lhe
murder of lwo Supreme Court Judges, during which she
TIP! You don't have to be positive about stumbles a.cross an obscure c.ase lhal links lhe murders
everything in the book - it's all right to dislike lo a ric.h businesman. As if that wasn't. bad enough she
parts of it as long as you have good reasons then finds a c.onnedion with the President of lhe
and can explain your ideas! United Slat.es. Her dilema. is c.lear - who c.an she tell
and who c.an she trust.'? It. turns out lhal she c.an
trust no-one and has lo slrugle lo survive long enough
' 1. for the lrulh lo be lold.
1 Work with a partner. Choose one of the set 'The Pelican Brief' is a fun and quick read, but. due
texts, or a different book that you have both lo its episodic. nature it does feel a lilt.le rushed in
read . Make a list of some questions that could places. I found ' the final third a. lit.lie confusing, and
be asked about the book.
had lo read it c.areful l~ lo see what. was going on; this
2 Read the following questions. Are they the means lha.t. I have a small resavalion in recommending it.
same as yours? Add yours to the list, and then whole hearledl~. However 1 it is fast - moving and e~c.iling,
discuss them all. Make sure that you think of and all in a.II it. is well worth a lr~!
examples from the book to support your ideas .

. 1?2
 UNIT 14 It's how you tell it

3 Work with a partner and answer the questions. Other problems can occu r in words that:
What kind of book is The Pelican Brief? • sound like other words (homophones), e.g.
2 Is the style of the review semi-formal or informal? here/hear, .weath~rlwhether
Find some examples to prove your idea. • haye ·pr0bleflis with letter order, e.g. receive,
3 The writer has made four spell ing mistakes. Find believe.
and correct them.
4 Find words or phrases that mean: TIP! Learn the two rules below.
a) an interesting book (para 1) i comes before e except after c, e.g. friend,
b) a complicated story (para 2) ceiling
c) come across by chance (para 2) is is a verb, ice is a noun; so advise = verb,
d) a book that is easy to read (para 3). advice = noun

,3
Choose the correct spelling of the words in
1 Work with a partner. Th ink of a book that you each of these sentences.
could either write a revi ew of for task a) or
What is your key recommendation I
write an essay on for task b). Decide:
reccommendation for the project?
• wh at style you will use 2 I believe I beleive that they are going to bring out
·• -· whatevTcience- you w ill-use from the book to a fi lm-of-tl'le-book-:-- -- ------ _ _ __ .
support your ideas 3 I thought that film was incredably I incredibly
• how you will organise your answer. J1)sappo/n tfng / df~cppofnt/ng .
2 Write your answer. Show your partner and 4 I'm studying performing art - I love the course
check each other's work for: becuase I because it includes movment I
movement through dance.
• spelling 5 I had a real argument I arguement with my friend
• punctuation about the merits of the book.
• grammatical accuracy. 6 It's their I there party so the chaise I choice of
food is up to them .
7 I practise I practice dancing every day, which
Grammar: mistakes to avoid keeps me supple I suppel and fit.
8 I just don't feel comfortable I comfortible with the
Spelling idea of asking him to pay - he can't rea lly afford I
aford it and we could cover his costs ourselves I
It is impori:ant to. ge( spelling right in the exam, as ourselfs.
you willn<?U~e~ ~~e·mark in paper 3, Pilrt.2. of.in · 9 What I Waht do you think about the idea of
·Pap-~{4-:;·Part. 2 i!f ypu,s8ell' the yvord ii:ic~rrectly: watching I waching television tonight instead of
.· Keep- a _rt9Jt~f ~R,uri owr:i mista.k es _a~d fry-to look going out?
,out;fqr tH,~~· in' Y.9.Yf ~ri~i ~g,_ th~n ybu ca~ a~oid 10 I think children benefit I beneffit greatly from
them. NB -Both Bnt1sh and 4-rnencan spell.1ng 1s · learnin g other languages I langages when they
.aC:cepta'b1e.. · ·., · · are young .
.{ . •\ ''

Mistakes often occur in words that have: · 11 One of the popular courses at university
nowadays is psychology I phsycology and many
• ·double rnnsoriantS,.e.g. different, necessary. It is employers seem to th in k that it's usful I useful for
also easy to,adq consonants when you a(~ not the workplace .
sure if they' are aoubled or not, e.g: exaggerated
• silent·.Jetters (letters that you don't pronounce · 2·, Work with a partner. Think of five words
when you say th.~ word), e.g. know, fight, that you have difficu lty spelling. Dictate them to
thol!lgh · · · your partner and see if they can get them right.
• letters which may sound like other letters, or are
difficult to guess from the pronunciation, e.g.
grammar, ·magazine
• prefixes and suffixes, e.g. responsible, mistaken
• plurals.
173
UNIT 14 It's how you te ll it

Punctuation 5

Common mistakes with punctuation are: 1 Work with a partner. Think of any difficulti es
that you have with any form of punctuation.
• commas • exclamation marks Write a sentence and show it to your partner
• apostrophes • question marks to check if you have got it right.
• hyphens • sem i-colons, colons.
2 This extract from an informal letter has no
punctuation. Work with a partner and insert
·· 3., Discuss with a partner:
the correct punctuation.
• what you find difficult about using any of the
punctuation above
this book 3ra.bbed. me. from the first
• any ideas for remembering how to use each one.
pa.3e whenever I ha.d to put if down
Watch Out! apostrophe - - - - - - -
I couldnf stop t6~nkin3 .about if ifs not ·ii
unlike a. ·sherloc// hdime6 'novel but set ,,,
An apostrophe indicates something is missing, or · ~ew '~~tk ~d ·nof '. ~n~/a.nd fhe ': 5t;~if5 : i
possession, and is not used when the word is just
fuli Of fl/J;'.5f5. :.a!id'"fu~;5· '~hy5d ' kept m
e' ! \
a plural.
3ue~.61n3 the whole time .the a.uthor5 .
Which one is correct in the pairs of sentences? a,ftenfion to. det~'l hrin:J5 f'he CJfif v,v/dlij
What is missing? Which one is just a plural? . to '/,fe overiJJi ,+ was a. .fhtillin3 · excifin:J .
1 a) It's raining . read a.nd Im sure ifOUre join:J to love if
b) Its raining.
2 a) You're coat is hanging in the hall.
b) Your coat is hanging in the hall.
3 a) Video's for sa le
b) Videos for sale
Writing: Paper 2 overview

' There are two mistakes in each of these ,'."'t i

In Paper 2 Writing you have to do two tasks
sentences. There may be a mistake where there is and you have one hour and a half to complete
punctuation used incorrectly, punctuation that the whole paper. There are two parts, and each
shou ld not be there or punctuation that has been question carries equa1 marks.
omitted. Find the mistakes and correct them. PJrt 1 is compu lsory and you may be asked to
I do like going to the cinema; however I really produce an article, a report, a proposal or a
didnt enjoy the last film I saw. letter (180- 220 words).
2 My favourite Eng lish meal is fish and chip's, In Part 2 you choose one task from four
although I also like roast beef? (220-260 words).
3 Im meeting my friends at the theatre because
theyr'e probably going to arrive quite late. Questions 2-4 may include:
4 My five year old nephew loves reading - its really • a newspaper or magazine article
good that he does. • a contribution to a longer piece such as a leaflet or
5 It was your' idea to go out last night so its not my brochure
fault that you are tired this morning! • a sem i-formal or informal letter
6 People say that young people don't read much • a report
nowadays so how often do you read a book • a proposal
7 I find it very strange the way english people eat • a review
potatoe's with every meal! • a competition entry
8 I could'nt answer the last question in the test so I • an information sheet
asked the teacher afterward's. • an essay
9 The review's of the film were really good, so I was • a reference.
very disappointed that I cou ldnt go.
10 Let's go to the show tonight instead of saturday Question 5 is based on set texts, and you may
because, I'm really looking forward to it and I have to write an essay, a review, an article or a
can't wa it! report.
 UNIT 14 It's how you tell it

2 Work with another student. Decide which of !' ~ Now choose one of the following writing
the items in Exercise 1 you generally find easier tasks (or the task in Exercise 3). Your answer
to write. Discuss why. should follow the instructions given. Write
220-260 words.
~- Look at the following task and read the
answer on page 190.
Your local council is concerned about traffic
problems where you live. You have been
You see the following announcement of a asked to write a short report on the state of
competition in an international magazine. public transport in your area with
HOLIDAY OF A LIFETIME recommendations on how to encourage the
local population to use public transport
We are offering you the chance to win one of more and their cars less.
a range of exotic holidays, all expenses paid
for two weeks, for you and a friend. Just write Write the report.
to us, describing the most exciting holiday you
have ever had. Winning entries will be
published. · 2 A magazine for students of English as a
Foreign Language has asked for articles on
Se.n.d entries to: The Editor, Today Magazine, sensible ways of preparing for English
PO. Box 743, London. language exams. You decide to submit an
rirtirlP _ S1inn~st strateaies for oraanisina
vVrite your competition entry in 220-260 wur l.b.
revision in~the weeks before the-exam and
provide specific ideas as to how students
M 4 Read the task and the answer again. Decide should use their time in the week before
if the answer would be classed as a band 3 the exam.
(satisfactory) or band 5 (very good) on the CAE Write your article.
Paper 2 marking scale given below.
~ ~ ~ .
i:-.-.·.: >- - • ·:· ~- • •; ·- • ..i '..-'!"" _-,-,.. ': - "-t ~ ·- .. ,.

Band ·s'For a Band 5 to be awarded, the can'didate's

4

3 You have been asked to contribute an

writing has a very positive effect dh the target reader. information sheet for school leavers who
The crontent is relevant* arid the ~opic . is folly · are hoping to go to college. Include
deV.eloped. Information .and iaeas are skilfully information about how to choose a course,
·orga'~ised thro.ugh a rf!nge of c;ohe~iye devices, yvhich what to think about when choosing a place
are·wsed .to good effect. A wiae'r?ri,ge.of c¢mplex . to study and how to prepare yourself for
strl!ictures ·and vocabulary is l'.lsed effectively.' Errors are
•. ' ,.t • • '· ' living away from home.
minimal, .and inaccuracies which do 0GGur have,no '· .
irri~~ct.Grj c:ommuriication. Register and format .are . Write the text for the sheet.
.· con~ister:itly apr:iropriate to,the purpqse .of tbe.ta~k
. ah if the audience. · · ·
1 When you select the task to answer in Part 2,
Band 3 For a Band 3·to·be awarded, the candidate's remember to:
writing' has a satisfactory effect on the ·target reader. a) choose a text type which you feel confident about,
The content is relevant* with some development of and that you feel you can write well. Ask yourself if
the topic. Information and .ideas are generally you have written this kind of text before, if you can
organ.ised logically, though coh,esiv~ devices may not . organise your material appropriately and if you are
always. be used appropriately. A satisfactory range o~ sure about the appropriate style.
structures and vocabulary is used, though vyord choice b) make sure you have clear ideas of what you will
may lack precisicm. Errors which do octur do n.ot include as the content. Do you know the key topic
cause"'difficulty for the reader. Register and format are
vocabulary you wi ll need?
re~·sonably appropriate to the purpose of the task and
c) plan your paragraphs before you start to write a
the audience. ·
fu ll text.
5 Look at the Examiner Comments on the d) include all the points asked for in the task.
answer on page 192. Then improve the answer
by addressing the comments.
us· ·
 UNIT 14 It 's how you tell it

2 Discuss your cho ice of task with

another student. Explain why you think
this is th e best choice for you.
3 Now write your answer. Remember not
to take longer than 45 minutes and
remember to check your work.

-··~ Now look at all the writing

r,

assessment bands on page 211 in the

Writing reference . Give your work to
another~udentsotheycansugge~
which band they think your answer might
come in. Discuss with your partner which
areas of your answer could be improved.

Y 8"~If necessary, rewrite your answer. Try

and improve it so that it would come in a
higher band.

Reading 2: planning to take

an exam?

1 Doing well in an exam is not only a

matter of learning. Look at the
headings a-f, and discuss with a
partner what kind of advice you think
would be included in each one.
a) Making the most of past papers
b) Being aware of your particular issues
c) Looking after your body
d) Getting into the swing of it
e) Getting things into your head
f) Keeping yourself going

2 Now read the text and match each

heading to the appropriate paragraph
(A- F). Fill in the gaps in the paragraphs
with either Do or Don't.

"l Which piece of advice do you think

is the most useful? Can you think of any
other piece of advice that might be
useful for other students to have?
 UNIT 14 It's how you tell it

(D) ..........................................................

. Certificate in Advanced
English quiz
know
... ". t<' ;.

How well do you the CAE exam?

· ... See pow many 0( these questions you can answer
. ~ . • l . ,, - . . .

'.··and then check t0·see if you were right. · .

1'..;I:low
r ..
inanr- J?ai>~rs ·;\ate·-tp.ere
. • .. .
in.the CAE.
·,.. .exa:m?
..
~-
What '
j.s eacJ:l'one
.
called?.. ·
')) 1 .t..-
2. ·H!\JW
...long
;·
d0es. ·e·a.ch paper last?
•,

· ·.listening pape;r?
17 ~e all parts of the sp~~irlg p~per asses'sed? J.~:
. ·• . . l ,, . . . ' ·f~ .; ~
18 'Are
'
you. in competition
• ' .
with your
.
paithedn
. ..
· .~ ·
. •!1. -~
· the speaking paper? · ··
19 How long is it before you get your result?
20 What iriform~tion do you get on ·a) the
results slip b) your certificate?