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    Modem

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    shohobi
    A modem is a device that converts digital data from a computer into an analog signal for transmission over telephone lines, and vice versa at the receiving end. Modems are classified by their maximum data transmission rate, measured in bits per second. Early modems used acoustic couplers to connect to telephone lines, while later models directly connected. Standards like V.34 allowed speeds up to 33.6 kbps over analog phone lines using modulation techniques. As technology advanced, newer standards emerged to transmit data faster over both analog and digital lines using compression.

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    Modem

    Uploaded by

    shohobi
    61 views3 pages
    A modem is a device that converts digital data from a computer into an analog signal for transmission over telephone lines, and vice versa at the receiving end. Modems are classified by their maximum data transmission rate, measured in bits per second. Early modems used acoustic couplers to connect to telephone lines, while later models directly connected. Standards like V.34 allowed speeds up to 33.6 kbps over analog phone lines using modulation techniques. As technology advanced, newer standards emerged to transmit data faster over both analog and digital lines using compression.

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    A modem is a device that converts digital data from a computer into an analog signal for transmission over telephone lines, and vice versa at the receiving end. Modems are classified by their maximum data transmission rate, measured in bits per second. Early modems used acoustic couplers to connect to telephone lines, while later models directly connected. Standards like V.34 allowed speeds up to 33.6 kbps over analog phone lines using modulation techniques. As technology advanced, newer standards emerged to transmit data faster over both analog and digital lines using compression.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    61 views3 pages

    Modem

    Uploaded by

    shohobi
    A modem is a device that converts digital data from a computer into an analog signal for transmission over telephone lines, and vice versa at the receiving end. Modems are classified by their maximum data transmission rate, measured in bits per second. Early modems used acoustic couplers to connect to telephone lines, while later models directly connected. Standards like V.34 allowed speeds up to 33.6 kbps over analog phone lines using modulation techniques. As technology advanced, newer standards emerged to transmit data faster over both analog and digital lines using compression.

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    Modem

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


    Jump to navigationJump to search
    This article is about network hardware. For the political party, see MoDem.

    Acoustic coupler modem

    A modem (portmanteau of modulator-demodulator) is a hardware device that converts data


    between transmission media so that it can be transmitted from computer to computer
    (historically over telephone wires). The goal is to produce a signal that can be transmitted
    easily and decoded to reproduce the original digital data. Modems can be used with any
    means of transmitting analog signals from light-emitting diodes to radio. A common type of
    modem is one that turns the digital data of a computer into modulated electrical signal for
    transmission over telephone lines and demodulated by another modem at the receiver side
    to recover the digital data.
    Modems are generally classified by the maximum amount of data they can send in a
    given unit of time, usually expressed in bits per second (symbol bit(s), sometimes
    abbreviated "bps") or bytes per second (symbol B(s)'). Modems can also be classified by
    their symbol rate, measured in baud. The baud unit denotes symbols per second, or the
    number of times per second the modem sends a new signal. For example, the ITU V.21
    standard used audio frequency-shift keying with two possible frequencies, corresponding to
    two distinct symbols (or one bit per symbol), to carry 300 bits per second using 300 baud. By
    contrast, the original ITU V.22 standard, which could transmit and receive four distinct
    symbols (two bits per symbol), transmitted 1,200 bits by sending 600 symbols per second
    (600 baud) using phase-shift keying

    Contents

     1Dial-up modem
    o 1.1History
     1.1.1Acoustic couplers
     1.1.2Carterfone and direct connection
     1.1.3The Smartmodem and the rise of BBSs
     1.1.41200 and 2400 bit/s
     1.1.5Proprietary standards
     1.1.6Echo cancellation, 9600 and 14,400
     1.1.7Breaking the 9.6 kbit/s barrier
     1.1.7.1V.34/28.8 kbit/s and 33.6 kbit/s
     1.1.8Using digital lines and PCM (V.90/92)
     1.1.9Using compression to exceed 56 kbit/s
     1.1.9.1Compression by the ISP
     1.1.10Softmodem
     1.1.11List of dial-up speeds
    o 1.2Popularity
     2Broadband
     3Radio
     4DC Powerline
     5WiFi and WiMax
     6Mobile broadband
    o 6.1Residential gateways
     7Optical modems
    o 7.1QAM16
    o 7.2QAM64
     8Home networking
     9Voice modem
     10See also
     11References
     12External links

    Dial-up modem[edit]
    History[edit]
    This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this
    section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may
    be challenged and removed. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove
    this template message)

    TeleGuide terminal

    News wire services in the 1920s used multiplex devices that satisfied the definition of a
    modem.[1] However, the modem function was incidental to the multiplexing function, so they
    are not commonly included in the history of modems. Modems grew out of the need to
    connect teleprinters over ordinary phone lines instead of the more expensive leased lines
    which had previously been used for current loop–based teleprinters and
    automated telegraphs.
    In 1941, the Allies developed a voice encryption system called SIGSALY which used
    a vocoder to digitize speech, then encrypted the speech with one-time pad and encoded the
    digital data as tones using frequency shift keying.
    Mass-produced modems in the United States began as part of the SAGE air-defense system
    in 1958 (the year the word modem was first used[2]), connecting terminals at various
    airbases, radar sites, and command-and-control centers to the SAGE director centers
    scattered around the United States and Canada. SAGE modems were described by
    AT&T's Bell Labs as conforming to their newly published Bell 101 dataset standard. While
    they ran on dedicated telephone lines, the devices at each end were no different from
    commercial acoustically coupled Bell 101, 110 baud modems.
    The 201A and 201B Data-Phones were synchronous modems using two-bit-per-baud phase-
    shift keying (PSK). The 201A operated half-duplex at 2,000 bit/s over normal phone lines,
    while the 201B provided full duplex 2,400 bit/s service on four-wire leased lines, the send
    and receive channels each running on their own set of two wires.

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