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    EC381 Lecture18 PDF

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    Corazon corazon
    1. The document describes the process of analyzing circuits using JK flip-flops which involves determining the input equations, listing their binary values, and using a characteristic table to determine the next state values. 2. It then provides an example of analyzing a circuit with JK flip-flops, showing the input equations, state table, and resulting state diagram. 3. The document contrasts analysis with design and describes the design process which starts with a state diagram and progresses to a logic diagram.

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    EC381 Lecture18 PDF

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    Corazon corazon
    185 views25 pages
    1. The document describes the process of analyzing circuits using JK flip-flops which involves determining the input equations, listing their binary values, and using a characteristic table to determine the next state values. 2. It then provides an example of analyzing a circuit with JK flip-flops, showing the input equations, state table, and resulting state diagram. 3. The document contrasts analysis with design and describes the design process which starts with a state diagram and progresses to a logic diagram.

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    1. The document describes the process of analyzing circuits using JK flip-flops which involves determining the input equations, listing their binary values, and using a characteristic table to determine the next state values. 2. It then provides an example of analyzing a circuit with JK flip-flops, showing the input equations, state table, and resulting state diagram. 3. The document contrasts analysis with design and describes the design process which starts with a state diagram and progresses to a logic diagram.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    185 views25 pages

    EC381 Lecture18 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Corazon corazon
    1. The document describes the process of analyzing circuits using JK flip-flops which involves determining the input equations, listing their binary values, and using a characteristic table to determine the next state values. 2. It then provides an example of analyzing a circuit with JK flip-flops, showing the input equations, state table, and resulting state diagram. 3. The document contrasts analysis with design and describes the design process which starts with a state diagram and progresses to a logic diagram.

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    Analysis with JK Flip Flops

     For circuits with other types of flip flops such as JK,


    the next state values are obtained by following the two
    step procedure:
    1. Determine the flip-flop input equations in terms of
    the present state and input variables.
    2. List the binary values of each input equation.
    3. Use the corresponding flip-flop characteristic table
    to determine the next-state values in the state table.
    4. Draw state diagram

    1 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Analysis with JK Flip Flops
     JA = B(t) Input Equations

     KA = X’.B(t)
     JB = X’
     KB = A(t) xor X
     A(t+1) = JAA’+KA’A
     B(t+1) = JBB’+KB’B
    Characteristics Equations of FFs A&B

     A(t+1) = BA’+XA+B’A
     B(t+1) = X’B’ + AXB +A’X’B State Equations

    2 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    JK Analysis State Table
     JA = B
     KA = Bx’
     JB = x’
     KB = A’x + Ax’ = A  x

    2-State table: m=2, n=1  8 rows

    Flip Flop Inputs 3- find the binary


    values of each
    input equation.

    3 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    JK Analysis State Table
     JA = B
     JB = x’
     KA = Bx’
     KB = A’x + Ax’ = A  x

    4-Determine the next-state values

    Flip Flop Inputs

    4 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    JK Analysis State Diagram

    5- Draw state
    diagram

    5 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    T Flip Flop Analysis
     Analysis of a sequential circuit with T flip flops
    follows the same procedure outlined for JK flip flops.
     The next state values in the state table can be obtained
    by using the characteristic table or the characteristic
    equation
     Q(t + 1) = T  Q
    = T’Q + TQ’

    6 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    T Flip Flop Analysis Example

    x A
    T
    y

     TA = Bx
    T  TB = x
    B
     Y = AB
    R

    CLK Reset

    7 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    T Flip Flop Analysis State Table
     TA = Bx
     TB = x
     A(t + 1) = TA  A = Bx  A
     Y = AB
     B(t + 1) = TB  B = x  B

    8 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    T Flip Flop Analysis State Table
     TA = Bx
     TB = x
     A(t + 1) = TA  A = Bx  A
     Y = AB
     B(t + 1) = TB  B = x  B

    9 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    T Flip Flop Analysis State Diagram

    10 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Analysis vs. Design
     The analysis of sequential circuits starts from a circuit
    diagram and culminates in a state table or diagram.
     The design of a sequential circuit starts from a set of
    specifications and culminates in a logic diagram.
     Analysis
    Circuit diagram  Equations  State table  State diagram
     Design
    State diagram  State table  Equations  Circuit Diagram

    11 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Design Procedure
     Design starts from a specification and results in a
    logic diagram or a list of Boolean functions.
     The steps to be followed are:
     Derive a state diagram
     Assign binary values
     Obtain the binary coded state table
     Choose the type of flip flops to be used
     Derive the simplified flip flop input equations and
    output equations
     Draw the logic diagram

    12 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Sequential Circuit Design
     Remember that a synchronous sequential circuit is
    made up of flip flops and combinational gates.
     Part of the design is to choose the flip-flop type and
    combinational circuit structure which, together with
    the flip-flops produce a circuit that fulfills the stated
    specification.
     How many FLIP FLOPS?
     The number of flip-flops is determined from the
    number of states in the circuit
     n flip-flops can represent up to 2n binary states.

    13 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Designing with D Flip-Flops
     Design a clocked sequential circuit that operates
    according to the state diagram.

    1- State diagram
     Number of states=4
      2 D flip flop

    14 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Synthesizing Using D Flip Flops
     The next step is to create a state table and then select
    two D flip flops to represent the four states, labeling
    their outputs as A and B.
     There is one input, x, and one output, y, representing
    the input sequence and the output value respectively.
     Remember that the characteristic equation of the D
    flip flop is
     Q(t + 1) = D

    15 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Designing with D Flip-Flops
    2- State Table
     State equations can be obtained directly from the table using
    minterms and input equations in DFF is the same as state
    equations
     A(t + 1) = DA(A, B, x) = ∑(2,4,5,6)

    16 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Designing with D Flip-Flops
    3- Input Equations and output equation
    However, we have to minimize the
    expression in a similar way used for
    combinational logic design!

    17 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Designing with D Flip-Flops

    18 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Designing with D Flip-Flops
     Circuit Diagram
    DA = AB’ + BX’

    19 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    A Sequence Detector
     Design a circuit that detects a sequence of three ones.

    Input Output
    Circuit Detects
    `111’ at input

    20 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    A Sequence Detector
     Design a circuit that detects a sequence of three ones.

    Input Output
    Circuit Detects
    `111’ at input

    1- Circuit Diagram
     S0  00
    Input
     S1  01
     S2  10
     S3  11 output

    21 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Synthesizing Using D Flip Flops
     The next step is to create a state table and then select
    two D flip flops to represent the four states, labeling
    their outputs as A and B.
     There is one input, x, and one output, y, representing
    the input sequence and the output value respectively.
     The output y is one only when we detect the input
    sequence of `111’

    22 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    State Table for Sequence Detector
    2- State Table

     Input equations can be obtained directly from the table


    using minterms:
     A(t + 1) = DA(A, B, x) = ∑(3, 5, 7)

     B(t + 1) = DB(A, B, x) = ∑(1, 5, 7)

     y(A, B, x) = ∑(6, 7)
    23 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013
    Boolean Minimization
    4- Input Equations and output equation
     K-Maps can be used to minimize the input equations,
    resulting in

     DA = Ax + Bx
     DB = Ax + B’x
     Y = AB

    24 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013


    Logic Diagram
    5- Circuit Diagram

    25 EC 381 Digital Systems Fall 2013

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