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Introduction To Programming With Java

This document provides an introduction and overview of functions in Java programming. It discusses: - What functions are and how they are similar to mathematical functions with parameters and return values. - How objects behave by having instance variables that store their state, and methods that define their behavior. Methods can access instance variables. - How parameters allow passing values into methods, and the values must match the declared parameter types. - Methods can return values to the caller using return types, but void means no return. - Java uses pass-by-value for arguments rather than passing references. - Lambda expressions can define functions more concisely without boilerplate code. - Lazy evaluation avoids unnecessary

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109 views29 pages

Introduction To Programming With Java

This document provides an introduction and overview of functions in Java programming. It discusses: - What functions are and how they are similar to mathematical functions with parameters and return values. - How objects behave by having instance variables that store their state, and methods that define their behavior. Methods can access instance variables. - How parameters allow passing values into methods, and the values must match the declared parameter types. - Methods can return values to the caller using return types, but void means no return. - Java uses pass-by-value for arguments rather than passing references. - Lambda expressions can define functions more concisely without boilerplate code. - Lazy evaluation avoids unnecessary

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milanmanijak
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Introduction to

Programming with Java


– Lecture 4

German Eichberger, MSc


Principal Cloud Software Engineer @ HPE
Instructor @ UCSD Extension
Adjunct Professor @ Mesa College
Functions
Remember from Math

parameter
Return value
function
Remember from Math

Another function
How Objects Behave
The size effects the bark

Instance variables
(state) Dog

size
name knows
methods
(behavior)
bark() does
Send things to a method
d.bark(3); //bark three times

A caller passes arguments

void bark (int numOfBarks)

A method uses parameters


How does it work?
1. Call the bark method on the dog reference,
and pass the value 3 (as an argument)

2. The bits representing 3 are delivered to the


bark method

3. The bits land in the numOfBarks parameter

4. Use of numOfBarks parameter as a variable in


the method code
More than one argument
void go() {
TestStuff t = new TestStuff();
int foo = 34;
t.takeTwo(12, foo);
}

void takeTwo(int x, int y) {


int z = x + y;
System.out.println(“Total is” + z);
}
Java is pass-by-value
• int x = 7; x

z
• void go (int z) { }
copy
• foo.go(x); x z

• void go(int z) {
z = 0; x z
}
x an z aren’t
connected
Get things back
• int theSecret = life.giveSecret();

These types
must match
• int giveSecret() {
return 42;
}
Bullet Points
• Classed define what an object knows and what
an object does

• Things an object knows are its instance


variables (state, attributes)

• Things an object does are methods (behavior)


• Methods can use instance variables so that
objects of the same type behave differently.
Bullet Points
• A method can have parameter, which means
you can pass one or more values in to the
method.

• The number and type of values you pass in


must match the order and type of the
parameters declared by the method

• Values passed in and out of methods can be


implicitly promoted to a larger type or
explicitly cast to a smaller type.
Bullet Points
• A method must return a return type. A void
return type means the method doesn’t
return anything.
• If a method declares a non-void return
type, it must return a value compatible with
the declared return type.
Fancy Functions
Function
Function

-x Conditional
x

UnaryOperator<Double> fx = x->x<0
? -x
: x;
Fibonacci Numbers

n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 1 2 3 5 8
Fibonacci Numbers

UnaryOperator<Integer> fib = n -> n<=1


?1
: this.fib.apply(n-1) +
this.fib.apply(n-2);
Fancy Functions
• Called Lambda Expressions
• BinaryOperator<Integer> add = (x,y)->x+y;
– Allows to write things in a more
mathematical way
– Less boilerplate
– More functional
Lazy Evaluation
• lazy evaluation is an evaluation strategy
which delays the evaluation of an
expression until its value is needed (non-
strict evaluation)
• It also avoids repeated evaluations
(sharing) - sharing can reduce the running
time of certain functions by an exponential
factor over other non-strict evaluation
strategies
Benefits of Lazy Evaluation
• Performance increases by avoiding
needless calculations, and error conditions
in evaluating compound expressions
• The ability to construct potentially infinite
data structures
• The ability to define control flow
(structures) as abstractions instead of
primitives
Thank You!
1. Download VirtualBox and install it (see
https://www.virtualbox.org)
2. Download vagrant and install it (see
https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/installation/)
3. Download Vagrant file for the course from
Vagrant, etc.
Introduction
Hello World
public class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String args[]) {
System.out.println(“Hello World”);
}
}
What is code
• The projects will be due as assigned
• One hour final examination (multiple choice)

http://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-paul-ford-what-is-code/

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