Instrumentation

Engineering

Network Theory

Comprehensive Theory
with Solved Examples and Practice Questions
MADE EASY Publications
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Network Theory
Copyright ©, by MADE EASY Publications.
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First Edition: 2015

Second Edition: 2016 (Revised and Updated)

© All rights reserved by MADE EASY PUBLICATIONS. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the
written permission from the publisher.
Preface
This book was motivated by the desire to further the evolution of a concise
book on Network Theory. Keeping in focus the importance of this subject in
GATE and ESE, we have done a proper study and thereafter developed the
content of the book accordingly. This edition has an expanded discussion
of all relevant topics in the subject.

Initially, we compiled the perceptions of our students on their problems

in GATE and ESE while dealing with the questions from this subject. We
identified their various problems like- lack of fundamentals of the subject,
difficulty in solving simple questions, shortage of a complete study package, etc. These strengthened
our determination to present a complete edition of Network Theory textbook.

The book addresses all the requirements of the students, i.e. comprehensive coverage of theory, fundamental
concepts, objective type problems and conventional problems, articulated in a lucid language. The concise
presentation will help the readers grasp the concepts with clarity and apply them with ease to solve problems
quickly. The book not only covers the entire syllabus of GATE and ESE, but also addresses the need of many other
competitive examinations. Topics like ‘KVL, KCL, Mesh and Nodal Analysis, Circuit Theorems, Capacitor, Inductor,
First Order RL, RC Circuits, AC Power Analysis, Magnetically Coupled Circuits, Resonance and Two Port Networks’
etc. are given full coverage in line with of our research on their importance in competitive examinations.

We have put in our sincere efforts to present elaborate solutions for various problems, different problem solving
methodology, some useful quick techniques to save time while attempting MCQs without compromising the accuracy
of answers. A summary of important points to remember is added at the end of each topic. For the convenience of
the readers, points to remember are specifically highlighted in the form of a note- both in theory as well as solved
examples. At the end of each chapter, sets of practice question are given with their keys, that will allow the readers
to evaluate their understanding of the topics and sharpen their problem solving skills.

Our team has made their best efforts to remove all possible errors of any kind. Nonetheless, we would highly
appreciate and acknowledge if you find and share with us any printing, calculation and conceptual error.

It is impossible to thank all the individuals who helped us, but we would like to sincerely thank all the authors, editors
and reviewers for putting in their efforts to publish this book.

With Best Wishes

B. Singh
CMD, MADE EASY
Contents
Network Theory

Chapter 1 3.6 Comparison Between Nodal Analysis

and Mesh Analysis.......................................................44
Basic and Electric Circuits........................ 1
Student Assignments....................................................49
1.1 Introduction..................................................................... 1
1.2 Charge................................................................................ 1
1.3 Current............................................................................... 2
Chapter 4
Circuit Theorems.....................................53
1.4 Voltage............................................................................... 3
4.1 Introduction...................................................................53
1.5 Power.................................................................................. 4
4.2 Linearity and Superposition.....................................53
1.6 Energy................................................................................ 5
4.3 Source Transformation...............................................55
1.7 Circuit Elements.............................................................. 5
4.4 Thevenin’s Theorem....................................................56
1.8 Sources............................................................................... 8
4.5 Norton’s Theorem.........................................................58
Student Assignments....................................................11
4.6 Maximum Power Transfer..........................................59

Chapter 2 Student Assignments....................................................69

Basic Laws...............................................15
2.1 Introduction...................................................................15 Chapter 5
2.2 Ohm’s Law and Resistance........................................15 Capacitors and Inductors.......................73
2.3 Nodes, Paths, Loops and Branches........................17 5.1 Introduction...................................................................73

2.4 Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)..................................18 5.2 Voltage, Current and Energy

2.5 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)..................................19 Relationship of a Capacitor.......................................74

2.6 Series Resistances and Voltage Division..............19 5.3 Capacitance Combinations......................................76

2.7 Parallel Resistances and Current Division............20 5.4 Inductors.........................................................................77

2.8 Source Transformation...............................................21 5.5 Voltage, Current and

Energy Relationship of an Inductor.......................77
2.9 Sources in Series or Parallel......................................22
2.10 Wye-Delta Transformations......................................24 5.6 Inductor Combinations..............................................78

2.11 Network Manipulations for Easy Analysis...........25 Student Assignments....................................................83

Student Assignments....................................................32
Chapter 6
Chapter 3 First Order RL and RC Circuits................86
Basic Nodal and Mesh Analysis.............38 6.1 Introduction...................................................................86

3.1 Introduction...................................................................38 6.2 Definition of the Laplace Transform......................87

3.2 Nodal Analysis...............................................................38 6.3 Circuit Elements in the s-domain...........................90

3.3 Nodal Analysis with Voltage Source......................40 6.4 Source-Free or Zero-Input Response....................93

3.4 Mesh Analysis................................................................41 6.5 Step Response of First Order Circuit......................99

3.5 Mesh Analysis with Current Sources.....................43 Student Assignments................................................. 112

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Chapter 7 10.3 Mutual Inductance.................................................. 196

Second Order RLC Circuits...................117 10.4 The Ideal Transformer............................................ 202

7.1 Introduction................................................................ 117 Student Assignments................................................. 210

7.2 Finding Initial and Final Values............................. 117

Chapter 11
7.3 The Source-Free Series RLC Circuit..................... 119
Frequency Response & Resonance......214
7.4 Source-Free Parallel RLC Circuit........................... 122
11.1 Introduction.............................................................. 214
7.5 Step By Step Approach of
11.2 Transfer Functions................................................... 214
Solving Second Order Circuits.............................. 125
11.3 Resonant Circuit....................................................... 215
7.6 Step Response of Series RLC Circuit................... 125
Student Assignments................................................. 232
7.7 Step Response of Parallel RLC Circuit................. 126
7.8 Circuit Analysis in the s-Domain.......................... 128
Chapter 12
Two Port Network.......................................... 234
Student Assignments................................................. 139
12.1 Introduction.............................................................. 234

Chapter 8 12.2 Z-parameters............................................................. 234

Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis........143 12.3 Y-parameters............................................................. 236

8.1 Introduction................................................................ 143 12.4 h-parameters or Hybrid Parameters................. 237

8.2 Sinusoids...................................................................... 143 12.5 g-parameters or Inverse Hybrid Parameters..... 238

8.3 Phasors.......................................................................... 145 12.6 Transmission Parameters (ABCD)....................... 239

8.4 Phasor Relationship for Circuit Elements......... 146 12.7 Inverse Transmission Parameters....................... 240

8.5 Impedance and Admittance................................. 148 12.8 Inter Relations in Network Parameters............ 241

8.6 Kirchhoff’s Laws in the Frequency Domain..... 149 12.9 Interconnection of Two-port Networks.......... 242

8.7 Impedance Combinations..................................... 150 12.10 Network Components........................................... 244

8.8 Circuit Analysis in Phasor Domain...................... 152 12.10 Barletts Bisection Theorem.................................. 245

8.9 Phasor Diagrams....................................................... 158 12.11 Open Circuited and

Student Assignments................................................. 170 Short Circuited Impedances................................ 245

Student Assignments................................................. 255
Chapter 9
AC Power Analysis................................176 Chapter 13
9.1 Introduction................................................................ 176 Network Topology......................................... 261
9.2 Instantaneous Power............................................... 176 13.1 Introduction.............................................................. 261

9.3 Average Power........................................................... 177 13.2 Network Graph......................................................... 261

9.4 Effective Values of Current and Voltage............ 178 13.3 Tree and Co-Tree...................................................... 263

9.5 Average Value of Periodic Waveform................ 180 13.4 Incidence Matrix...................................................... 264

9.6 Apparent Power and Complex Power............... 181 13.5 Tie-Set.......................................................................... 266

Student Assignments................................................. 190 13.6 Cut-Set......................................................................... 267

13.7 Duality......................................................................... 269
Chapter 10 Student Assignments................................................. 274
Magnetically Coupled Circuits.............195
10.1 Introduction.............................................................. 195 nnnn

10.2 Self Inductance......................................................... 195

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