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    Applied Probability Notes

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    Kalaivani
    Applied probability discusses concepts like probability density functions, cumulative distribution functions, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, and normal distribution. 1) Probability density functions must be greater than or equal to 0 and their total area under the curve must be 1. Cumulative distribution functions give the probability that a random variable is less than or equal to a value. 2) The binomial distribution gives the probability of a certain number of successes in a fixed number of trials. The Poisson distribution models the number of times an event occurs in a fixed interval of time or space. 3) The normal distribution is perfectly symmetrical around the mean and is used extensively to describe real-world processes. It has many applications in statistics.

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    Applied Probability Notes

    Uploaded by

    Kalaivani
    55 views2 pages
    Applied probability discusses concepts like probability density functions, cumulative distribution functions, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, and normal distribution. 1) Probability density functions must be greater than or equal to 0 and their total area under the curve must be 1. Cumulative distribution functions give the probability that a random variable is less than or equal to a value. 2) The binomial distribution gives the probability of a certain number of successes in a fixed number of trials. The Poisson distribution models the number of times an event occurs in a fixed interval of time or space. 3) The normal distribution is perfectly symmetrical around the mean and is used extensively to describe real-world processes. It has many applications in statistics.

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    Applied probability discusses concepts like probability density functions, cumulative distribution functions, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, and normal distribution. 1) Probability density functions must be greater than or equal to 0 and their total area under the curve must be 1. Cumulative distribution functions give the probability that a random variable is less than or equal to a value. 2) The binomial distribution gives the probability of a certain number of successes in a fixed number of trials. The Poisson distribution models the number of times an event occurs in a fixed interval of time or space. 3) The normal distribution is perfectly symmetrical around the mean and is used extensively to describe real-world processes. It has many applications in statistics.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views2 pages

    Applied Probability Notes

    Uploaded by

    Kalaivani
    Applied probability discusses concepts like probability density functions, cumulative distribution functions, binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, and normal distribution. 1) Probability density functions must be greater than or equal to 0 and their total area under the curve must be 1. Cumulative distribution functions give the probability that a random variable is less than or equal to a value. 2) The binomial distribution gives the probability of a certain number of successes in a fixed number of trials. The Poisson distribution models the number of times an event occurs in a fixed interval of time or space. 3) The normal distribution is perfectly symmetrical around the mean and is used extensively to describe real-world processes. It has many applications in statistics.

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    Applied Probability

    Applied Probability

    Number of favourable cases Probability densitieve function:


    1. Probability = Number of possible cases
    n(A)
    If 1) f(x) ≥ 0, -∞< x < 0
    = n(S) ∞
    2) ∫−∞ f(x) dx = 1
    2. P (A∪B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B) Then, f(x) is called the probability density
    3. P(A) = l-P(A) function
    4. P (ϕ) = 0; P(S) = 1 Cumulative Distributive Function:
    x
    5. P(A∩B) = P(B) - P(A∩B) F(x) = P(X ≤ x) = ∫−∞ f(x) dx
    6. A and B are independent events then, In case of discrete variables,
    P(A∩B) = P(A). P(B) F(x1) = P(X≤ xi) = in=1 P(xn )
    7. Conditional probability: Binomial Distribution:
    The conditional probability of A, when the 1. P(X = r) = P(r)
    event B has already defined is = nCrprqn-r
    A P(A∩B)
    P = , P(B) ≠ 0 (r = 0, 1,2,....n)
    B P(B)
    2. i) Mean of binomial distribution = np
    Similarly,
    B P(A∩B) ii) Variance = npq
    P =
    A P(A) iii) Standard deviation S.D. = npq
    B
    8. P(A∩B) = P(A) P iv) p + q = 1
    A
    A Poisson Distribution
    P(A∩B)= P(B). P B e −λ λ x
    P(X = x) = , x = 0, 1, 2, .......
    9. Bay’s Theorem: x!
    Let A1, A2,........An be n mutually =0 otherwise
    exclusiveand exhausitive events. Let B be an Remarks:
    n i) Poisson distribution is a limiting case of
    independent event such that B ⊂ ⋃ Aiis binomial distribution under the conditions, n
    i=1 →∞ and p → 0
    the conditionalprobability of B given that Ai
    ii) np = λ
    has already occurred, then
    B
    iii) Mean = λ
    P Ai P
    P
    Ai
    =
    Ai iv) Variance = λ
    B n P(A )P B
    i=1 i Ai v) S.D. = λ
    Probability Mass Function: Normal Distribution:
    Let X be a one - dimensional discrete 1 x −μ 2
    1
    f(x) = σ e−2 σ - ∞< x <∞
    random variable takes the values x1, x2,...... 2π

    If i) P(xi) ≥ 0 Standard Normal Distribution:


    1 2
    1
    ii) ∞ i=1 P xi = 1 ϕ (z) = e−2z
    2π
    Then, the function P is called the probability x−μ
    Where z =
    mass function. σ

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    Applied Probability

    Properties: line at μ, the two halves of the curve will


    i) Mean = median = mode coincide.
    ii) The normal curve is perfectly iii) Maximum ordinate is at x = μ.
    symmetrical about the mean. This means 1
    Its value isσ 2π
    that if we fold the curve along the vertical

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