Business Admin DECA

Business
Management and
Administration
Cluster
Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Copyright © 2017, MBA Research and Curriculum Center®
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Tier 1: Business Administration Core.............................................................................................................3
Tier 2: Business Management and Administration Career Cluster.............................................................27
Performance Indicators
 Performance indicators for PRINCIPLES OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION role-plays and exams will be
selected from the business administration core (Tier 1).
 Performance indicators for TEAM DECISION MAKING case studies and exams will be selected from the
business administration core (Tier 1) and appropriate career cluster (Tier 2).
 Performance indicators for INDIVIDUAL SERIES exams will be selected from the business administration
core (Tier 1) and appropriate career cluster (Tier 2). Performance indicators for the role-plays will be
selected from the business administration core (Tier 1), appropriate career cluster (Tier 2) and
appropriate pathway (Tier 3).
Key
PQ = Prerequisite level performance indicator content develops employability and job-survival skills and
concepts, including work ethics, personal appearance, and general business behavior.
CS = Career Sustaining level performance indicator content develops skills and knowledge needed for continued
employment in or study of business based on the application of basic academics and business skills.
SP = Specialist level performance indicator content provides in-depth, solid understanding and skill
development in all business functions.
An asterisk (*) indicates a new performance indicator.

Tier 1: Business Administration Core Page 3
The Business Administration Core performance indicators will be used when preparing for
all exams, role-play scenarios, and case studies in the following events:
 Business Law and Ethics Decision Making

 Human Resources Management Series

Instructional Area: Business Law (BL)

Standard: Understands business's responsibility to know, abide by, and enforce laws
and regulations that affect business operations and transactions
Performance Element: Acquire foundational knowledge of business laws and

regulations to understand their nature and scope.
Performance Indicators:
Comply with the spirit and intent of laws and regulations (BL:163) (CS)*
Discuss the nature of law and sources of law in the United States (BL:067) (SP)
Describe the United States' judicial system (BL:068) (SP)
Describe methods used to protect intellectual property (BL:051) (SP)
Describe legal issues affecting businesses (BL:001) (SP)
Performance Element: Understand the civil foundations of the legal environment of

business to demonstrate knowledge of contracts.
Identify the basic torts relating to business enterprises (BL:069) (SP)
Describe the nature of legally binding contracts (BL:002) (SP)
Performance Element: Explore the regulatory environment of United States' businesses

to understand the diversity of regulations.
Describe the nature of legal procedure (BL:070) (SP)
Discuss the nature of debtor-creditor relationships (BL:071) (SP)
Explain the nature of agency relationships (BL:072) (SP)
Discuss the nature of environmental law (BL:073) (SP)
Discuss the role of administrative law (BL:074) (SP)
Performance Element: Apply knowledge of business ownership to establish and

continue business operations.
Explain types of business ownership (BL:003) (CS)
Performance Element: Acquire knowledge of commerce laws and regulations to

continue business operations.
Explain the nature of import/export law (BL:145) (SP)
Describe the nature of customs regulations (BL:126) (SP)

Instructional Area: Communication Skills (CO)

Standard: Understands the concepts, strategies, and systems used to obtain and convey
ideas and information
Performance Element: Read to acquire meaning from written material and to apply the
information to a task.
Identify sources that provide relevant, valid written material (CO:054) (PQ)
Extract relevant information from written materials (CO:055) (PQ)
Apply written directions to achieve tasks (CO:056) (PQ)
Analyze company resources to ascertain policies and procedures (CO:057) (CS)
Performance Element: Apply active listening skills to demonstrate understanding of

what is being said.
Explain communication techniques that support and encourage a speaker (CO:082) (PQ)
Follow oral directions (CO:119) (PQ)
Demonstrate active listening skills (CO:017) (PQ)
Performance Element: Apply verbal skills to obtain and convey information.

Explain the nature of effective verbal communications (CO:147) (PQ)
Ask relevant questions (CO:058) (PQ)
Interpret others' nonverbal cues (CO:059) (PQ)
Provide legitimate responses to inquiries (CO:060) (PQ)
Give verbal directions (CO:083) (PQ)
Employ communication styles appropriate to target audience (CO:084) (CS)
Defend ideas objectively (CO:061) (CS)
Handle telephone calls in a businesslike manner (CO:114) (CS)
Participate in group discussions (CO:053) (CS)
Facilitate (lead) group discussions (CO:201) (SP)
Make oral presentations (CO:025) (SP)
Performance Element: Record information to maintain and present a report of business

activity.
Utilize note-taking strategies (CO:085) (CS)
Organize information (CO:086) (CS)
Select and use appropriate graphic aids (CO:087) (CS)

Performance Element: Write internal and external business correspondence to convey

and obtain information effectively.
Explain the nature of effective written communications (CO:016) (CS)
Select and utilize appropriate formats for professional writing (CO:088) (CS)
Edit and revise written work consistent with professional standards (CO:089) (CS)
Write professional emails (CO:090) (CS)
Write business letters (CO:133) (CS)
Write informational messages (CO:039) (CS)
Write inquiries (CO:040) (CS)
Write persuasive messages (CO:031) (SP)
Write executive summaries (CO:091) (SP)
Prepare simple written reports (CO:094) (SP)
Explain how digital communications (e.g., email, text messages, chats) exposes business to
risk (CO:202) (SP)
Adapt written correspondence to targeted audiences (CO:203) (SP)
Use data visualization techniques (e.g., infographics, heat-maps, dynamic model outputs)
(CO:204) (SP)
Performance Element: Use social media to communicate with a business's stakeholders.

Describe the impact of a person's social media brand on the achievement of organizational
objectives (CO:205) (CS)
Distinguish between using social media for business and personal purposes (CO:206) (CS)
Performance Element: Communicate with staff to clarify workplace objectives.

Explain the nature of staff communication (CO:014) (CS)
Choose and use appropriate channel for workplace communication (CO:092) (CS)
Participate in a staff meeting (CO:063) (CS)
Participate in problem-solving groups (CO:067) (CS)

Instructional Area: Customer Relations (CR)

Standard: Understands the techniques and strategies used to foster positive, ongoing
relationships with customers
Performance Element: Foster positive relationships with customers to enhance

company image.
Explain the nature of positive customer relations (CR:003) (CS)
Demonstrate a customer-service mindset (CR:004) (CS)
Develop rapport with customers (CR:029) (CS)
Reinforce service orientation through communication (CR:005) (CS)
Respond to customer inquiries (CR:006) (CS)
Adapt communication to the cultural and social differences among clients (CR:019) (CS)
Interpret business policies to customers/clients (CR:007) (CS)
Build and maintain relationships with customers (CR:030) (SP)
Performance Element: Resolve conflicts with/for customers to encourage repeat

business.
Handle difficult customers (CR:009) (CS)
Handle customer/client complaints (CR:010) (CS)
Performance Element: Reinforce company's image to exhibit the company's brand

promise.
Identify company's brand promise (CR:001) (CS)
Determine ways of reinforcing the company's image through employee performance (CR:002)
(CS)
Performance Element: Understand the nature of customer relationship management to

show its contributions to a company.
Discuss the nature of customer relationship management (CR:016) (SP)
Explain the role of ethics in customer relationship management (CR:017) (SP)
Describe the use of technology in customer relationship management (CR:018) (SP)

Instructional Area: Economics (EC)

Standard: Understands the economic principles and concepts fundamental to business
operations
Performance Element: Understand fundamental economic concepts to obtain a

foundation for employment in business.
Distinguish between economic goods and services (EC:002) (CS)
Explain the concept of economic resources (EC:003) (CS)
Describe the concepts of economics and economic activities (EC:001) (CS)
Determine economic utilities created by business activities (EC:004) (CS)
Explain the principles of supply and demand (EC:005) (CS)
Describe the functions of prices in markets (EC:006) (CS)
Performance Element: Understand the nature of business to show its contributions to

society.
Explain the role of business in society (EC:070) (CS)
Describe types of business activities (EC:071) (CS)
Describe types of business models (EC:138) (SP)
Explain the organizational design of businesses (EC:103) (SP)
Discuss the global environment in which businesses operate (EC:104) (SP)
Describe factors that affect the business environment (EC:105) (SP)
Explain the nature of business ethics (EC:106) (SP)
Explain how organizations adapt to today's markets (EC:107) (SP)
Performance Element: Understand economic systems to be able to recognize the

environments in which businesses function.
Explain the types of economic systems (EC:007) (CS)
Identify the impact of small business/entrepreneurship on market economies (EC:065) (CS)
Explain the concept of private enterprise (EC:009) (CS)
Identify factors affecting a business's profit (EC:010) (CS)
Determine factors affecting business risk (EC:011) (CS)
Explain the concept of competition (EC:012) (CS)
Performance Element: Acquire knowledge of the impact of government on business

activities to make informed economic decisions.
Determine the relationship between government and business (EC:008) (CS)
Describe the nature of taxes (EC:072) (SP)

Performance Element: Analyze cost/profit relationships to guide business decision-

making.
Explain the concept of productivity (EC:013) (CS)
Analyze impact of specialization/division of labor on productivity (EC:014) (SP)
Explain the concept of organized labor and business (EC:015) (SP)
Explain the impact of the law of diminishing returns (EC:023) (SP)
Performance Element: Understand economic indicators to recognize economic trends

and conditions.
Discuss the measure of consumer spending as an economic indicator (EC:081) (SP)
Describe the economic impact of inflation on business (EC:083) (SP)
Explain the concept of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (EC:017) (SP)
Discuss the impact of a nation's unemployment rates (EC:082) (SP)
Explain the economic impact of interest-rate fluctuations (EC:084) (SP)
Determine the impact of business cycles on business activities (EC:018) (SP)
Performance Element: Understand global trade's impact to aid business decision-

making.
Explain the nature of global trade (EC:016) (SP)
Discuss the impact of globalization on business (EC:109) (SP)
Describe the determinants of exchange rates and their effects on the domestic economy
(EC:100) (SP)
Explain cultural considerations that impact global business relations (EC:110) (SP)
Discuss the impact of cultural and social environments on global trade (EC:045) (SP)
Describe the impact of electronic communication tools (e.g., Internet, video- and computer-
conferencing, webcasts, email) on global business activities (EC:111) (SP)
Explain the impact of major trade alliances on business activities (EC:112) (SP)
Describe the impact of the political environment on world trade (EC:113) (SP)
Explain the impact of geography on world trade (EC:114) (SP)
Describe the impact of a country's history on world trade (EC:115) (SP)
Explain the impact of a country's economic development on world trade (EC:116) (SP)
Discuss the impact of bribery and foreign monetary payments on business (EC:140) (SP)
Identify requirements for international business travel (e.g., passport, visa, proof of
citizenship, immunizations, and sponsorship letters) (EC:141) (SP)

Instructional Area: Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Standard: Understands techniques, strategies, and systems used to foster self-
understanding and enhance relationships with others
Performance Element: Foster self-understanding to recognize the impact of personal

feelings on others.
Describe the nature of emotional intelligence (EI:001) (PQ)
Explain the concept of self-esteem (EI:016) (PQ)
Recognize and overcome personal biases and stereotypes (EI:017) (PQ)
Assess personal strengths and weaknesses (EI:002) (PQ)
Assess personal behavior and values (EI:126) (PQ)*
Performance Element: Develop personal traits to foster career advancement.

Identify desirable personality traits important to business (EI:018) (PQ)
Exhibit self-confidence (EI:023) (PQ)
Demonstrate interest and enthusiasm (EI:020) (PQ)
Demonstrate initiative (EI:024) (PQ)
Performance Element: Apply ethics to demonstrate trustworthiness.

Demonstrate honesty and integrity (EI:022) (PQ)
Demonstrate responsible behavior (EI:021) (PQ)
Demonstrate fairness (EI:127) (PQ)*
Assess risks of personal decisions (EI:091) (PQ)*
Demonstrate ethical work habits (EI:004) (PQ)
Take responsibility for decisions and actions (EI:075) (PQ)
Build trust in relationships (EI:128) (CS)*
Describe the nature of ethics (EI:123) (CS)*
Explain reasons for ethical dilemmas (EI:124) (CS)*
Recognize and respond to ethical dilemmas (EI:125) (CS)*
Manage commitments in a timely manner (EI:077) (CS)
Develop tolerance for ambiguity (EI:092) (CS)*
Performance Element: Exhibit techniques to manage emotional reactions to people and

situations.
Exhibit a positive attitude (EI:019) (PQ)
Demonstrate self-control (EI:025) (PQ)
Explain the use of feedback for personal growth (EI:003) (PQ)
Adjust to change (EI:026) (PQ)

Performance Element: Identify with others' feelings, needs, and concerns to enhance
interpersonal relations.
Respect the privacy of others (EI:029) (PQ)
Show empathy for others (EI:030) (PQ)
Maintain the confidentiality of others (EI:103) (CS)
Exhibit cultural sensitivity (EI:033) (CS)
Leverage personality types in business situations (EI:104) (SP)
Performance Element: Use communication skills to foster open, honest

communications.
Explain the nature of effective communications (EI:007) (PQ)
Explain ethical considerations in providing information (EI:038) (SP)
Foster open, honest communication (EI:129) (SP)*
Collaborate with others (EI:130) (SP)*
Solicit feedback (EI:106) (SP)
Use social media to solicit new ideas and solutions (EI:107) (SP)
Performance Element: Use communication skills to influence others.

“Sell” ideas to others (EI:108) (SP)
Persuade others (EI:012) (SP)
Demonstrate negotiation skills (EI:062) (SP)
Performance Element: Manage stressful situations to minimize potential negative

impact.
Use appropriate assertiveness (EI:008) (PQ)
Use conflict-resolution skills (EI:015) (CS)
Explain the nature of office politics (EI:109) (CS)
Overcome problems and difficulties associated with office politics/turf wars (EI:095) (CS)
Explain the nature of stress management (EI:028) (SP)
Performance Element: Implement teamwork techniques to accomplish goals.

Participate as a team member (EI:045) (CS)
Use consensus-building skills (EI:011) (SP)
Motivate team members (EI:059) (SP)

Performance Element: Employ leadership skills to achieve workplace objectives.

Explain the concept of leadership (EI:009) (CS)
Explain the nature of ethical leadership (EI:131) (CS)*
Model ethical behavior (EI:132) (CS)*
Determine personal vision (EI:063) (CS)
Inspire others (EI:133) (CS)*
Demonstrate adaptability (EI:006) (CS)
Develop an achievement orientation (EI:027) (CS)
Challenge the status quo (EI:134) (CS)*
Lead change (EI:005) (CS)
Enlist others in working toward a shared vision (EI:060) (CS)
Coach others (EI:041) (CS)
Use power appropriately (EI:135) (SP)*
Recognize/Reward others for their efforts and contributions (EI:014) (SP)*
Performance Element: Manage internal and external business relationships to foster

positive interactions.
Treat others with dignity and respect (EI:036) (PQ)
Foster positive working relationships (EI:037) (CS)
Consider conflicting viewpoints (EI:136) (CS)*
Assess long-term value and impact of actions on others (EI:137) (SP)*
Maintain collaborative partnerships with colleagues (EI:061) (SP)
Explain the impact of political relationships within an organization (EI:034) (SP)
Explain the nature of organizational culture (EI:064) (SP)
Interpret and adapt to a business's culture (EI:112) (SP)

Instructional Area: Entrepreneurship (EN)

Standard: Understands the concepts, processes, and skills associated with identifying
new ideas, opportunities, and methods and with creating or starting a new project or
venture
Performance Element: Understand fundamental factors about entrepreneurship to

recognize its role and importance in the economy
Describe the nature of entrepreneurship (EN:039) (SP)
Explain the role requirements of entrepreneurs and owners (EN:040) (SP)
Describe small-business opportunities in international trade (EN:041) (SP)

Instructional Area: Financial Analysis (FI)

Standard: Understands tools, strategies, and systems used to maintain, monitor,
control, and plan the use of financial resources
Performance Element: Understand the fundamental principles of money needed to

make financial exchanges.
Explain forms of financial exchange (cash, credit, debit, electronic funds transfer, etc.)
(FI:058) (PQ)
Identify types of currency (paper money, coins, banknotes, government bonds, treasury
notes, etc.) (FI:059) (PQ)
Describe functions of money (medium of exchange, unit of measure, store of value) (FI:060)
(PQ)
Describe sources of income (wages/salaries, interest, rent, dividends, transfer payments, etc.)
(FI:061) (PQ)
Explain the time value of money (FI:062) (CS)
Explain the purposes and importance of credit (FI:002) (CS)
Explain legal responsibilities associated with financial exchanges (FI:063) (CS)
Performance Element: Analyze financial needs and goals to determine financial

requirements.
Explain the nature of financial needs (e.g., college, retirement, wills, insurance, etc.) (FI:064)
(CS)
Explain the need to save and invest (FI:270) (CS)
Set financial goals (FI:065) (CS)
Develop personal budget (FI:066) (CS)
Determine personal net worth (FI:562) (CS)*

Performance Element: Manage personal finances to achieve financial goals.

Explain the nature of tax liabilities (FI:067) (PQ)
Interpret a pay stub (FI:068) (PQ)
Prepare bank account documents (e.g., checks, deposit/withdrawal slips, endorsements,
etc.) (FI:560) (PQ)
Maintain financial records (FI:069) (PQ)
Read and reconcile bank statements (FI:070) (PQ)
Calculate the cost of credit (FI:782) (CS)*
Demonstrate the wise use of credit (FI:071) (CS)
Validate credit history (FI:072) (CS)
Make responsible financial decisions (FI:783) (CS)*
Protect against identity theft (FI:073) (CS)
Pay bills (FI:565) (CS)*
Apply for a consumer loan (FI:625) (SP)*
Control debt (FI:568) (CS)*
Prepare personal income tax forms (i.e., 1040 EZ form) (FI:074) (CS)
Discuss the nature of retirement planning (FI:569) (CS)*
Explain the nature of estate planning (FI:572) (CS)*
Performance Element: Understand the use of financial-services providers to aid in

financial-goal achievement.
Describe types of financial-services providers (FI:075) (CS)
Discuss considerations in selecting a financial-services provider (FI:076) (CS)
Performance Element: Use investment strategies to ensure financial well-being.

Explain types of investments (FI:077) (CS)
Performance Element: Use risk management products to protect a business’s financial

well-being.
Describe the concept of insurance (FI:081) (CS)

Performance Element: Acquire a foundational knowledge of accounting to understand

its nature and scope.
Describe the need for financial information (FI:579) (CS)
Explain the concept of accounting (FI:085) (CS)
Discuss the role of ethics in accounting (FI:351) (SP)
Explain the use of technology in accounting (FI:352) (SP)
Explain legal considerations for accounting (FI:353) (SP)
Performance Element: Implement accounting procedures to track money flow and to

determine financial status.
Describe the nature of cash flow statements (FI:091) (SP)
Explain the nature of balance sheets (FI:093) (SP)
Describe the nature of income statements (FI:094) (SP)
Performance Element: Acquire a foundational knowledge of finance to understand its

nature and scope.
Explain the role of finance in business (FI:354) (CS)
Discuss the role of ethics in finance (FI:355) (SP)
Explain legal considerations for finance (FI:356) (SP)
Performance Element: Manage financial resources to ensure solvency.

Describe the nature of budgets (FI:106) (SP)

Instructional Area: Human Resources Management (HR)

Standard: Understands the tools, techniques, and systems that businesses use to plan,
staff, lead, and organize its human resources
Performance Element: Understand the role and function of human resources

management to obtain a foundational knowledge of its nature and scope.
Discuss the nature of human resources management (HR:410) (CS)
Explain the role of ethics in human resources management (HR:411) (SP)
Describe the use of technology in human resources management (HR:412) (SP)
Performance Element: Manage staff growth and development to increase productivity

and employee satisfaction.
Orient new employees (HR:360) (CS)

Instructional Area: Marketing (MK)

Standard: Understands the tools, techniques, and systems that businesses use to create
exchanges and satisfy organizational objectives
Performance Element: Understand marketing's role and function in business to

facilitate economic exchanges with customers.
Explain marketing and its importance in a global economy (MK:001) (CS)
Describe marketing functions and related activities (MK:002) (CS)
Performance Element: Acquire foundational knowledge of customer/client/business

behavior to understand what motivates decision-making.
Explain factors that influence customer/client/business buying behavior (MK:014) (SP)
Discuss actions employees can take to achieve the company's desired results (MK:015) (SP)
Demonstrate connections between company actions and results (e.g., influencing consumer
buying behavior, gaining market share, etc.) (MK:019) (SP)

Instructional Area: Information Management (NF)

Standard: Understands tools, strategies, and systems needed to access, process,
maintain, evaluate, and disseminate information to assist business decision-making
Performance Element: Use information literacy skills to increase workplace efficiency

and effectiveness.
Assess information needs (NF:077) (CS)
Obtain needed information efficiently (NF:078) (CS)
Evaluate quality and source of information (NF:079) (CS)
Draw conclusions based on information analysis (NF:278) (CS)*
Apply information to accomplish a task (NF:080) (CS)
Store information for future use (NF:081) (CS)
Performance Element: Acquire a foundational knowledge of information management

to understand its nature and scope.
Discuss the nature of information management (NF:110) (CS)
Explain the role of ethics in information management (NF:111) (SP)
Explain legal issues associated with information management (NF:076) (SP)
Performance Element: Utilize information-technology tools to manage and perform

work responsibilities.
Identify ways that technology impacts business (NF:003) (PQ)
Explain the role of information systems (NF:083) (PQ)
Discuss principles of computer systems (NF:084) (PQ)
Use basic operating systems (NF:085) (PQ)
Describe the scope of the Internet (NF:086) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic e-mail functions (NF:004) (PQ)
Demonstrate personal information management/productivity applications (NF:005) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic web-search skills (NF:006) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic word processing skills (NF:007) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic presentation applications (NF:008) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic database applications (NF:009) (PQ)
Demonstrate basic spreadsheet applications (NF:010) (PQ)
Use an integrated business software application package (NF:088) (CS)
Demonstrate collaborative/groupware applications (NF:011) (CS)
Create and post basic web page (NF:042) (CS)
Collaborate on and aggregate complex internal documents to create a common voice
(NF:215) (SP)

Performance Element: Maintain business records to facilitate business operations.

Describe the nature of business records (NF:001) (SP)
Maintain customer records (NF:002) (SP)
Performance Element: Acquire information to guide business decision-making.

Describe current business trends (NF:013) (SP)
Monitor internal records for business information (NF:014) (SP)
Conduct an environmental scan to obtain business information (NF:015) (SP)
Interpret statistical findings (NF:093) (SP)
Translate research findings into actionable business recommendations (NF:216) (SP)
Performance Element: Create and access databases to acquire information for business
decision-making.
Explain the principles of data analysis (NF:139) (SP)
Explain the nature of tools that can be used to access information in the database system
(NF:140) (SP)
Access information in the database system (NF:141) (SP)
Performance Element: Apply data mining methods to acquire pertinent information for
business decision-making.
Discuss the nature of data mining (NF:148) (CS)
Describe data mining tools and techniques (NF:149) (SP)
Discuss the importance of ethics in data mining (NF:150) (SP)
Demonstrate basic data mining techniques (NF:151) (SP)
Interpret data mining findings (NF:152) (SP)

Instructional Area: Operations (OP)

Standard: Understands the processes and systems implemented to monitor, plan, and
control the day-to-day activities required for continued business functioning
Performance Element: Understand operation's role and function in business to value its
contribution to a company.
Explain the nature of operations (OP:189) (CS)
Discuss the role of ethics in operations (OP:190) (SP)
Describe the use of technology in operations (OP:191) (SP)
Performance Element: Adhere to health and safety regulations to support a safe work
environment.
Describe health and safety regulations in business (OP:004) (PQ)
Report noncompliance with business health and safety regulations (OP:005) (PQ)
Performance Element: Implement safety procedures to minimize loss.

Follow instructions for use of equipment, tools, and machinery (OP:006) (PQ)
Follow safety precautions (OP:007) (PQ)
Maintain a safe work environment (OP:008) (CS)
Explain procedures for handling accidents (OP:009) (CS)
Handle and report emergency situations (OP:010) (CS)
Performance Element: Implement security policies/procedures to minimize chance for

loss.
Explain routine security precautions (OP:013) (CS)
Follow established security procedures/policies (OP:152) (CS)
Protect company information and intangibles (OP:153) (CS)
Performance Element: Comply with security rules, regulations, and codes (e.g.,
property, privacy, access, confidentiality) to protect customer and company
information, reputation, and image.
Explain information privacy, security, and confidentiality considerations in business (OP:441)
(CS)
Maintain data security (OP:064) (CS)

Performance Element: Utilize project-management skills to improve workflow and

minimize costs.
Plan project (OP:519) (CS)*
Monitor projects and take corrective actions (OP:520) (CS)*
Evaluate project success (OP:521) (CS)*
Explain the nature of project management (OP:158) (SP)
Identify resources needed for project (OP:003) (SP)
Develop project plan (OP:001) (SP)
Apply project-management tools to monitor and communicate project progress (OP:002) (SP)
Evaluate project results (OP:159) (SP)
Performance Element: Implement purchasing activities to obtain business supplies,

equipment, resources, and services.
Explain the nature and scope of purchasing (OP:015) (CS)
Place orders/reorders (OP:016) (CS)
Maintain inventory of supplies (OP:031) (CS)
Discuss the importance of utilizing ethical purchasing methods (OP:246) (SP)
Explain the impact of the purchasing process on productivity (OP:247) (SP)
Manage the bid process in purchasing (OP:160) (SP)
Select vendors (OP:161) (SP)
Evaluate vendor performance (OP:162) (SP)
Performance Element: Understand production's role and function in business to

recognize its need in an organization.
Explain the concept of production (OP:017) (CS)
Performance Element: Implement quality-control processes to minimize errors and to

expedite workflow.
Identify quality-control measures (OP:163) (SP)
Utilize quality control methods at work (OP:164) (SP)
Describe crucial elements of a quality culture (OP:019) (SP)
Performance Element: Implement expense-control strategies to enhance a business's

financial wellbeing.
Explain the nature of overhead/operating costs (OP:024) (SP)
Explain employee's role in expense control (OP:025) (SP)

Performance Element: Maintain property and equipment to facilitate ongoing business

activities.
Comply with policies and procedures for use of property and equipment (OP:442) (CS)
Performance Element: Understand supply chain management role to recognize its need
in business.
Explain the concept of supply chain (OP:443) (CS)
Explain the benefits of supply chain collaboration (OP:444) (SP)

Instructional Area: Professional Development (PD)

Standard: Understands concepts, tools, and strategies used to explore, obtain, and
develop in a business career
Performance Element: Acquire self-development skills to enhance relationships and

improve efficiency in the work environment.
Maintain appropriate personal appearance (PD:002) (PQ)
Demonstrate systematic behavior (PD:009) (PQ)
Set personal goals (PD:018) (CS)
Balance personal and professional responsibilities (PD:179) (SP)
Performance Element: Understand and follow company rules and regulations to

maintain employment.
Adhere to company protocols and policies (PD:250) (CS)
Follow rules of conduct (PD:251) (CS)
Follow chain of command (PD:252) (CS)
Performance Element: Achieve organizational goals to contribute to company growth.

Determine the nature of organizational goals (PD:254) (SP)
Ascertain employee's role in meeting organizational goals (PD:255) (SP)
Performance Element: Utilize critical-thinking skills to determine best

options/outcomes.
Explain the need for innovation skills (PD:126) (CS)
Make decisions (PD:017) (CS)
Demonstrate problem-solving skills (PD:077) (CS)
Demonstrate appropriate creativity (PD:012) (SP)
Use time-management skills (PD:019) (SP)
Performance Element: Participate in career planning to enhance job-success potential.

Assess personal interests and skills needed for success in business (PD:013) (PQ)
Analyze employer expectations in the business environment (PD:020) (PQ)
Explain the rights of workers (PD:021) (PQ)
Identify sources of career information (PD:022) (CS)
Identify tentative occupational interest (PD:023) (CS)
Explain employment opportunities in business (PD:025) (CS)
Explain career opportunities in entrepreneurship (PD:066) (CS)

Performance Element: Implement job-seeking skills to obtain employment.

Utilize job-search strategies (PD:026) (PQ)
Complete a job application (PD:027) (PQ)
Interview for a job (PD:028) (PQ)
Write a follow-up letter after job interviews (PD:029) (CS)
Write a letter of application (PD:030) (CS)
Prepare a résumé (PD:031) (CS)
Use networking techniques to identify employment opportunities (PD:037) (SP)
Performance Element: Utilize career-advancement activities to enhance professional

development.
Describe techniques for obtaining work experience (e.g., volunteer activities, internships)
(PD:032) (PQ)
Explain the need for ongoing education as a worker (PD:033) (PQ)
Explain possible advancement patterns for jobs (PD:034) (PQ)
Identify skills needed to enhance career progression (PD:035) (SP)
Utilize resources that can contribute to professional development (e.g., trade
journals/periodicals, professional/trade associations, classes/seminars, trade shows, and
mentors) (PD:036) (SP)

Instructional Area: Strategic Management (SM)

Standard: Understands tools, techniques, and systems that affect a business's ability to
plan, control, and organize an organization/department
Performance Element: Recognize management's role to understand its contribution to

business success.
Explain the concept of management (SM:001) (CS)
Performance Element: Identify potential business threats and opportunities to protect a

business’s financial well-being.
Explain the nature of risk management (SM:075) (SP)
Conduct a risk assessment of an event (SM:076) (SP)

Tier 2: Business Management and Administration Career Cluster Page 27
The Business Management and Administration Career Cluster performance indicators will
be used when preparing for all exams, role-play scenarios, and case studies in the following
events:
 Business Law and Ethics Decision Making

 Human Resources Management Series

Instructional Area: Business Law (BL)

Standard: Understands business's responsibility to know, abide by, and enforce laws
and regulations that affect business operations and transactions
Performance Element: Acquire foundational knowledge of the legal environment in

which businesses operate to protect the company’s well-being.
Describe factors affecting the settlement of legal matters (BL:159) (SP)
Describe the litigation process (BL:160) (SP)
Discuss the arbitration/mediation process (BL:161) (SP)

Instructional Area: Communication Skills (CO)

Standard: Understands the concepts, strategies, and systems used to obtain and convey
ideas and information
Performance Element: Write internal and external business correspondence to convey

and obtain information effectively.
Write analytical reports (i.e., reports that examine a problem/issue and recommend an
action) (CO:185) (SP)
Write research reports (CO:186) (SP)

Instructional Area: Financial Analysis (FI)

Standard: Understands tools, strategies, and systems used to maintain, monitor,
control, and plan the use of financial resources
Performance Element: Manage financial resources to ensure solvency.

Interpret cash-flow statements (FI:541) (SP)

Instructional Area: Information Management (NF)

Standard: Understands tools, strategies, and systems needed to access, process,
maintain, evaluate, and disseminate information to assist business decision-making
Performance Element: Utilize information-technology tools to manage and perform

work responsibilities.
Utilize project-management software (NF:130) (SP)
Performance Element: Utilize technology to support business strategies and operations.

Adhere to data change best practices (NF:264) (SP)

Instructional Area: Operations (OP)

Standard: Understands the processes and systems implemented to monitor, plan, and
control the day-to-day activities required for continued business functioning
Performance Element: Understand operation's role and function in business to value its
contribution to a company.
Discuss legal considerations in operations (OP:339) (SP)
Performance Element: Comply with security rules, regulations, and codes (e.g.,
property, privacy, access, confidentiality) to protect customer and company
information, reputation, and image.
Comply with strategies for protecting business' digital assets (e.g., website, social media,
email, etc.) (OP:517) (SP)
Comply with strategies to protect digital customer data (e.g., information about customers,
customers' credit-card numbers, passwords, customer transactions) (OP:518) (SP)
Performance Element: Implement purchasing activities to obtain business supplies,

equipment, resources, and services.
Describe types of purchase orders (OP:250) (CS)
Discuss types of inventory (OP:336) (CS)
Performance Element: Develop an understanding of business analysis to improve

business functions and activities.
Discuss the nature of business analysis (OP:327) (SP)
Discuss business process thinking and its impact (OP:474) (SP)
Describe the factors that influence business process design (OP:475) (SP)
Explain the causes of business process changes (OP:476) (SP)
Performance Element: Understand supply chain management role to recognize its need
in business.
Explain the impact of supply chain on business performance (e.g., value, customer
satisfaction, business design, sustainability) (OP:477) (SP)
Describe the impact of technology on supply chain management (OP:478) (SP)
Describe supply chain networks (OP:479) (SP)
Discuss global supply chain issues (OP:480) (SP)
Discuss the nature of supply chain management (OP:303) (SP)

Performance Element: Maintain work flow to enhance productivity.

Organize and prioritize work (OP:228) (CS)
Coordinate work with that of team members (OP:230) (CS)
Monitor and ensure completion of delegated tasks (OP:354) (SP)
Streamline work processes (OP:355) (SP)
Performance Element: Manage purchasing activities to obtain the best service/product

at the least cost.
Maintain vendor/supplier relationships (OP:241) (SP)
Negotiate terms with vendors in business (OP:337) (SP)

Instructional Area: Professional Development (PD)

Standard: Understands concepts, tools, and strategies used to explore, obtain, and
develop in a business career
Performance Element: Participate in career planning to enhance job-success potential.

Discuss employment opportunities in business management and administration (PD:297)
(CS)

Instructional Area: Strategic Management (SM)

Standard: Understands tools, techniques, and systems that affect a business's ability to
plan, control, and organize an organization/department
Performance Element: Recognize management's role to understand its contribution to

business success.
Discuss the nature of managerial planning (SM:063) (SP)
Explain managerial considerations in organizing (SM:064) (SP)
Describe managerial considerations in staffing (SM:065) (SP)
Discuss managerial considerations in directing (SM:066) (SP)
Describe the nature of managerial control (control process, types of control, what is
controlled) (SM:004) (SP)
Performance Element: Adapt to and manage change within an organization to

accomplish organizational objectives.
Describe relationship among innovation, learning, and change (SM:094) (CS)
Explain the nature of change management (SM:095) (SP)
Explain the change-management lifecycle (SM:096) (SP)

Instructional Area: Knowledge Management (KM)

Standard: Understands the systems, strategies, and techniques used to collect,
organize, analyze, and share information known in an organization
Performance Element: Acquire a foundational understanding of knowledge

management to understand its nature and scope.
Explain the nature of knowledge management (KM:001) (SP)
Discuss the role of ethics in knowledge management (KM:002) (SP)
Explain the use of technology in knowledge management (KM:003) (SP)
Explain legal considerations for knowledge management (KM:004) (SP)
Performance Element: Use knowledge management strategies to improve the

performance and competitive advantage of an organization.
Identify techniques that can be used to capture and transfer knowledge in an organization
(KM:005) (SP)
Apply knowledge management processes (KM:018) (SP)

Instructional Area: Project Management (PJ)

Standard: Understands tools, techniques, and systems that are used to plan,
implement, monitor, and evaluate business projects
Performance Element: Utilize project management skills to start, run, and end projects.
Initiate project (PJ:005) (SP)
Prepare work breakdown structure (WBS) (PJ:006) (SP)
Execute and control projects (PJ:009) (SP)
Manage project team (PJ:007) (SP)
Manage project schedule (PJ:010) (SP)
Close project (PJ:008) (SP)

Instructional Area: Quality Management (QM)

Standard: Understands the need for standards and the strategies and techniques used
to implement, monitor, and evaluate them
Performance Element: Understand the role and function of quality management to

obtain a foundational knowledge of its nature and scope.
Explain the nature of quality management (QM:001) (SP)
Describe the nature of quality management frameworks (e.g., Six Sigma, ITIL, CMMI) (QM:002)
(SP)
Discuss the need for continuous improvement of the quality process (QM:003) (SP)

Instructional Area: Risk Management (RM)

Standard: Understands risk-management strategies and techniques used to minimize
business loss
Performance Element: Acquire a foundational understanding of risk management to

demonstrate knowledge of its nature and scope.
Explain the role of ethics in risk management (RM:041) (SP)
Describe the use of technology in risk management (RM:042) (SP)
Discuss legal considerations affecting risk management (RM:043) (SP)
Describe international considerations affecting risk management (RM:092) (SP)


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Business

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

 Business Law and Ethics Decision Making

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Instructional Area: Business Law (BL)

Performance Element: Acquire foundational knowledge of business laws and

Performance Element: Understand the civil foundations of the legal environment of

Performance Element: Explore the regulatory environment of United States' businesses

Performance Element: Apply knowledge of business ownership to establish and

Performance Element: Acquire knowledge of commerce laws and regulations to

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Instructional Area: Communication Skills (CO)

Performance Element: Apply active listening skills to demonstrate understanding of

Performance Element: Apply verbal skills to obtain and convey information.

Performance Element: Record information to maintain and present a report of business

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Performance Element: Write internal and external business correspondence to convey

Performance Element: Use social media to communicate with a business's stakeholders.

Performance Element: Communicate with staff to clarify workplace objectives.

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Instructional Area: Customer Relations (CR)

Performance Element: Foster positive relationships with customers to enhance

Performance Element: Resolve conflicts with/for customers to encourage repeat

Performance Element: Reinforce company's image to exhibit the company's brand

Performance Element: Understand the nature of customer relationship management to

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Instructional Area: Economics (EC)

Performance Element: Understand fundamental economic concepts to obtain a

Performance Element: Understand the nature of business to show its contributions to

Performance Element: Understand economic systems to be able to recognize the

Performance Element: Acquire knowledge of the impact of government on business

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Performance Element: Analyze cost/profit relationships to guide business decision-

Performance Element: Understand economic indicators to recognize economic trends

Performance Element: Understand global trade's impact to aid business decision-

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Instructional Area: Emotional Intelligence (EI)

Performance Element: Foster self-understanding to recognize the impact of personal

Performance Element: Develop personal traits to foster career advancement.

Performance Element: Apply ethics to demonstrate trustworthiness.

Performance Element: Exhibit techniques to manage emotional reactions to people and

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Performance Element: Use communication skills to foster open, honest

Performance Element: Use communication skills to influence others.

Performance Element: Manage stressful situations to minimize potential negative

Performance Element: Implement teamwork techniques to accomplish goals.

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Performance Element: Employ leadership skills to achieve workplace objectives.

Performance Element: Manage internal and external business relationships to foster

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Instructional Area: Entrepreneurship (EN)

Performance Element: Understand fundamental factors about entrepreneurship to

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Instructional Area: Financial Analysis (FI)

Performance Element: Understand the fundamental principles of money needed to

Performance Element: Analyze financial needs and goals to determine financial

Business Management and Administration Cluster (PQ, CS, SP)

Performance Element: Manage personal finances to achieve financial goals.

Performance Element: Understand the use of financial-services providers to aid in