PENDEKATAN

TEKTONIK INDONESIA
 PENDEKATAN
TEKTONIK INDONESIA

1. Teori TEKTONIK LEMPENG

2. Litologi Basement: Komposisi
& Konfigurasi
3. Tektonostratigrafi
4. Polyhistory
PLATE TECTONIC & SEDIMENTARY BASIN FORMATION

Sedimentary basins
 TYPES OF CRUST – INDONESIA REGION

SUTURE

TRANSITIONAL
CRUST

CONTINENTAL CRUST

OCEANIC CRUST

CONTINENTAL CRUST
BASEMENT COMPOSITION
Indonesia Position Global Plate-Tectonics

• The pacific
oceanic plate
in the E & NE
• The Australian
continental
plate in the SE
• The Indian
oceanic plate
in the W&SW
• The Asian
continental
plate in the
NW
 INDONESIA: BATHYMETRY

• Continental landmass: continental islands and

sea shelf: < 200 m
• Oceanic Islands and Oceanic Deeps :>200 m
INDONESIA: Continental Landmass

• SUNDA SHELF with:

• Sumatra,
• Java and
• Kalimantan
• ARAFURA
CONTINENTAL SHELF :
• Australian
continent
• Irian Jaya New
Guinea
TECTONIC PLATES & CRUSTS IN INDONESIA

• WESTERN INDONESIA:
STABLE SUNDA CONTINENT
• CENTRAL INDONESIA:
MICRO-CONTINENTS AND
OCEANIC BASINS
• EAST INDONESIA: STABLE
SAHUL/AUSTRALIAN
CONTINENT
PLATE TECTONICS MOVEMENT IN
INDONESIA involves:
• Convergence,
(collisions, subduction
and obduction).
• Divergence (rifting,
break-up and
subsequent seafloor
spreading).
• Transvergence
(wrench faulting);
involving translatation
and rotation.
PLATE BOUNDARIES

• ACTIVE MARGINS
– SUBDUCTION ZONES
– OBDUCTION ZONES
– TRANSDUCTION
ZONES (Sorong Fault
zone)
• PASSIVE MARGINS
(Eastern Kalimantan)
– Delta Basin
– Carbonate
Platform
• COLLISION ZONES
& OROGENIC
BELTS (Papua &
Sulawesi)
ACTIVE MARGINS
• SUBDUCTION ZONES:
– CONTINENTAL ISLAND ARC: Western
Sumatra Sunda Arc, Southern Java
Sunda Arc
– OCEANIC ISLAND ARC: Nusatenggara
Sunda Arc
• OBDUCTION/COLLISION ZONES:
Banda Arc-Australian continent being
subducted under Banda Sea oceanic
crust; Banggai-Sula colliding Eastern
Sulawesi
• TRANSDUCTION ZONES: Sorong
Faultzone
• Zona subduksi:
•   CONTINENTAL ISLAND ARC: Barat
Sumatra Sunda Arc, Jawa Southern Arc
Sunda
•   OCEANIC ISLAND ARC: Nusatenggara
Sunda Arc
• OBDUCTION / TUBRUKAN ZONA:
benua Banda Arc-Australia sedang
subduksi di bawah Laut Banda kerak
samudera; Banggai-Sula bertabrakan
Sulawesi Timur
• ZONA TRANSDUKSI: Sorong Faultzone
PASSIVE MARGINS
NW BORNEO
PASSIVE MARGIN
• East Natuna basinal
area, Baram Delta
• EASTERN
KALIMANTAN
PASSIVE MARGINS
• MICROCONTINENT
PASSIVE MARGINS
• Southwest Sulawesi
Basinal area
COLLISION ZONES & OROGENIC BELTS

• Kuching Zone
• Meratus Mts
Belt
• Central
Sulawesi
Collision Belt
• Central Irian
Jaya Mt Range
 Tectonic Framework of Indonesia

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
• West Indonesia with Sunda Platform acting as a continental core
• Central Indonesia consising of fragmented microcontinents represented by Sulawesi and
the Banda Arc
• East Indonesia with the Arafura Platfrom acting as continental core
• Barat Indonesia dengan Sunda Landasan bertindak sebagai inti benua
• Indonesia consising pusat microcontinents terfragmentasi diwakili oleh Sulawesi dan
Banda Arc
• Indonesia Timur dengan Arafura platfrom bertindak sebagai inti benua
 West Indonesia: ACTIVE MARGINS

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)

• To the W and S the Sundaland is bordered by an active margin; consisting of an

island arc system with fore arc, interarc and back-arc basins, as the result of a
convergence with the Indo-Australia oceanic plate in which the oceanic plate is
subducted under the continental plate.
• Untuk W dan S Sundaland berbatasan dengan margin aktif; terdiri dari sistem
busur kepulauan dengan busur muka, interarc dan back-arc basins, sebagai hasil
dari konvergensi dengan lempeng samudera Indo-Australia di mana lempeng
samudera yang menunjam di bawah lempeng benua.
 West Indonesia: PASSIVE MARGINS

• The E Sundaland margin, rifting, break-up and sea-floor spreading of the

Makassar Strait, and the formation of :
 Aulocogene basins followed by deltaic deposition of the Mahakan Delta and
Tarakan Delta.
 Paternoster Carbonate Platform.
• The NW Sundaland margin; resulted from rifting and opening of the S China
Sea and associated rifting in the Gulf of Thailand and W Natuna basin.
Rifting of the S China sea results in a collision in NW Borneo.
 CENTRAL INDONESIA:
Fragmented microcontinents between Oceanic basins

Consisting of assorted microcontinents, mainly broken off from the

Australian Continent, but some belong to the Asian Continent : SW
Sulawesi
 Sulawesi Island
 Banggai-Sula Islands
 West Nusa Tenggara Island Arc
 Central Indonesia: an assortment or conglomeration of
contental fragments oceanic basins and oceanic troughs

• Sulawesi Island: an conglomeration of Australian and Asian continental fragments and island arc
• Sula-Banggai Island
• Halmahera Island-arc
• Lesser Sunda Islands, and island-arc as the eastern continuation of the Sunda island arc
• Oceanic Basins of Flores sea, Banda sea and Celebes sea
Pulau Sulawesi: sebuah konglomerasi fragmen benua Australia dan Asia dan busur kepulauan
Pulau Sula-Banggai
Pulau Halmahera-arc
Kepulauan Sunda Kecil, dan pulau-arc sebagai kelanjutan timur Sunda busur kepulauan
Cekungan samudera Flores laut, Laut Banda dan Sulawesi laut
Eastern Indonesia: Major Tectonic Elements

• Arafura Shelf: Stable Shelf

• Banda Island Arc: Passive to Active Margin
(Subduction/Obduction)
• Jaya Wijaya Central Range: Orogenic Mountain Range
• Sorong Fault Zone: Active wrench fault (transduction)
POLYHISTORY
 BASIN EVOLUTION

• Sedimentary basins evolved from one to another

type
• Superimposition of various type of basin on top of
the other occurs
• Sedimentary sequences of various types of basin can
be analysed in tectono-stratigraphical sequences:
Cekungan sedimen berevolusi dari satu ke jenis lain
Superimposisi berbagai jenis cekungan di atas yang lain
terjadi
Urutan sedimen dari berbagai jenis cekungan dapat
dianalisis dalam urutan tektono - stratigrafi
 EXTENSIONAL BASIN DEVELOPMENT

• Rifting ----> grabens, half graben basins

---->synrift sedimentation
• Break-up -----> aulacogene basins ------->
deltaic sedimentation
• Drifting -----> passive margin basins ------>
passive margin sedimentation
• Spreading (oceanic) -----> oceanic basins ---->
deep marine sedimentation
EVOLUTION OF RIFT – TO –PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN
RIFT-DRIFT
 PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN
developing into a
CARBONATE PLATFORM

Contoh: Indonesia Timur –Australian continental margin

 EXTENSIONAL TO COMPRESSIONAL
REGIME
• Drifting -------> passive margin basin sedimentation
• Subduction -----> back-arc, inter-arc and fore-arc basins
• Obduction --------->foreland basins & fore deeps
• Continent to continent collision------> Suture related foreland
and fore deep basins
Melayang ------- > passive margin cekungan sedimentasi
Subduksi ----- > back- arc , antar - busur dan kedepan - busur
cekungan
Obduction --------- > tanjung cekungan & Deeps kedepan
Benua ke benua tabrakan ------ > Jahitan terkait tanjung dan
cekungan kedepan dalam
EVOLUTION OF A PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN
 TECTONIC INVERSION.
• During the transition from extensional to compressional
tectonic regime a tectonic inversion, often takes place
• Faults are reactivated with inversion of direction of
movement
• Lower parts of the basin e.g. ‘graben’ are inverted into highs
within the sedimentary basin
• Inversion is a common feature in Tertiary sedimentary basin
on the Sunda Shelf
Selama transisi dari rezim tektonik ekstensional ke
compressional inversi tektonik , sering terjadi
Kesalahan yang diaktifkan dengan inversi arah gerakan
Bagian bawah cekungan misalnya ' graben ' terbalik ke tertinggi
dalam cekungan sedimen
Inversi adalah fitur umum di Tersier sedimen basin di Paparan
 TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHY:

• To arrange sedimentary strata in its tectonic environment

• Tectono-stratigraphic sequences are separated by unconformities
which reflects a tectonic event
• The tectonics event caused a change in the tectonic environment
are e.g. rifting, sagging, collision, uplift, dsb.
• Each tectonic environment is characterized by a certain facies
association
Untuk mengatur sedimen strata dalam lingkungan tektonik yang
Urutan tektono - stratigrafi yang dipisahkan oleh bidang ketidakselarasan
yang mencerminkan peristiwa tektonik
Acara tektonik menyebabkan perubahan dalam lingkungan tektonik
adalah misalnya rifting , kendur , tabrakan , mengangkat, dsb .
Setiap lingkungan tektonik ditandai oleh asosiasi fasies tertentu
 TECTONO-STRATIGRAPHIC TERMS

• Pre-Rift
• Syn-Rift
• Post-Rift, Sag
• Passive Margin Deposition (Syn-drift?)
• Pre-Orogenic (Pre-Collision)
• Syn-Orogenic (Syn-Collision)
• Post Orogenic (Post Collision)
 EXTENSIONAL TO COMPRESSIONAL
REGIME
• Drifting -------> passive margin basin
sedimentation
• Subduction -----> back-arc, inter-arc and fore-
arc basins
• Obduction --------->foreland basins & fore
deeps
• Continent to continent collision------> Suture
related foreland and fore deep basins
EVOLUTION OF A PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN
 PASSIVE MARGIN BASIN
developing into a
CARBONATE PLATFORM

Contoh: Indonesia Timur –Australian continental margin

 EVOLUTION OF
?? BASINS RIFT –
TO-
BACK-ARC BASIN

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
 Evolution of a Back-arc Basin
Model
PRE-RIFT

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
 Evolution of a Back-arc Basin

SYN-RIFT

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
 Evolution of a Back-arc Basin
Model
POST-RIFT

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
 Evolution of a Back-arc Basin
Model
INVERSION: Syn & Post orogenic deposition

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
EVOLUTION OF
BASINS:
FROM RIFT –
TO –
FORELAND
BASIN
RIFT-DRIFT-COLLIDE

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
 Evolution of the Rift-Drift-
Collision Model
SYN-RIFT

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
 Evolution of the Rift-Drift-
Collision Model
POST-RIFT

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
Evolution of the Rift-Drift-Collision
Model

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
Evolution of the Rift-Drift-
Collision Model

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
 Evolution of the Rift-Drift-Collision
Model
INVERSION: Syn & Post orogenic deposition
EVOLUTION OF
BASINS:
FROM RIFT –
TO –
FORELAND
BASIN
RIFT-DRIFT-COLLIDE

(Koesoemadinata, 2008)
Western Indonesia Paleogene Rift-Basins
Western Indonesia Neogene Sedimentary Basins
Western Indonesia Tertiary
Stratigraphy