A

Name and Surname YTU 2013-2014

: EUROPEAN UNION OFFICE
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TEST OF ENGLISH FOR ERASMUS PROGRAM CANDIDATES

For questions 1 - 12, choose the correct word to fill each space.

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1. I've made an appointment for 11 o'clock, but we can 7. We were all irritated when the film was constantly
change it if it is not ______ for you. ______ by commercials.
a) appropriate c) wise a) interrupted c) demonstrated
b) reluctant d) sufficient b) consumed d) confused
2. The journey took much longer than usual because of 8. The teenager was driving his father’s sports car
the very ______ conditions. ______, that’s why; the police stopped him thinking
a) favourable c) rough that he was drunk.
b) smooth d) useless a) considerably c) delicately
3. Before the first European settlement of Australia, the b) recklessly d) independently
aborigines had numbered about 300,000 whereas their
______ population is estimated at about 125,000- 9. This summer, Antalya, ______ a lot of people spend
130,000. their vacation in, will be more crowded due to the new
music festival.
a) ancient c) gradual
b) current d) antique a) where c) when
b) that d) which
4. It was the longest film I have ever seen: it ______ three
hours. 10. Fortunately, a lot of people in the world are committed
______ saving dolphins ______ extinction.
a) lasted c) stayed
b) finished d) completed a) of / of c) by / from
b) to / from d) to / to
5. It's not surprising that Fred has few friends. He seems
to ______ anyone who doesn't like the same things 11. She is still so angry at her ex-husband that she leaves
that he does. the room ______ his name is mentioned.
a) go by c) break through a) no matter c) whenever
b) look down on d) give out b) by the time d) even though

6. ______ problems arose during the conference that the 12. You can have a good time at university, and still
organisers were exhausted trying to fix them. succeed academically ______ you realise that your
studies come first.
a) Such a lot c) So many
b) The most d) Too much a) as long as c) in case
b) as if d) unless

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 For questions 13 - 18, read the text and choose the correct option which completes the blanks.
The name ‘leopard’ was originally given to the cat now called cheetah. It was once thought (13) ____ a cross between the
lion and the pard. The term ‘pard’ was eventually replaced by the name leopard. The leopard is found over nearly
(14) ____ of Africa, south of the Sahara, in Northeast Africa, and from Asia Minor through Central Asia and India to China
and Manchuria. It varies greatly in size and markings. The leopard is a solitary animal of the bush and forest and is mainly
nocturnal in habit (15) ____ it sometimes basks in the sun. It is an agile climber and frequently stores the remains of its
kills in the branches of a tree. It feeds upon (16) ____ animal it can (17) ____ from small rodents to waterbuck, but
generally preys on the small-and medium-sized antelopes and deer; it appears to have a special liking for dogs as food
and, in Africa, for baboons. It sometimes takes livestock, and may attack human beings. A black form of the leopard is
widely known as the black-panther, which is (18) ____ in the Far East than in other parts of the range of the leopard.

13.a) having been 14.a) some 15.a) because 16.a) any 17.a) fortify 18.a) more common
b) have been b) a little b) although b) all b) undermine b) so common
c) being c) several c) for c) much c) overpower c) the most common
d) to be d) the whole d) as d) whole d) withdraw d) common enough

For questions 19 - 23, choose the most appropriate expression for the situation given.
19.Pam: I spent the afternoon at the Rembrandt’s “Women” exhibition.
Jane: I’d wondered about going. Did you really enjoy seeing so many portraits of women?
Pam: _______
Jane: So it was quite an interesting experience. I’d better go.
a) Yes, I’ve always thought his portraits of men are superior to those of his women.
b) Nevertheless, it’s quite a popular exhibition; certainly it was crowded when I went.
c) Oh! I never miss a chance of seeing any of Rembrandt’s paintings.
d) Actually I did. With no distractions one began to see them in a subtly different way.
20.James : Would you say you were fashion conscious? d) Yes, I know. But can I only return on Friday?
Linda : No, I’m not. Just look at me. You can see 22.Pat : What is the function of the jury in a trial?
that, can’t you? Colin : It has to listen to all the evidence and
James : _______ decide whether or not the accused person
Linda : No, not at all. I find people that are is guilty.
obsessed with fashion really stupid. Pat : _______
a) Is there anything you don’t like people wearing? Colin : He advises the jury and passes sentence
on the accused if he is found guilty.
b) So you don’t follow fashion, do you? a) How does the jury know the accused is guilty?
c) What do you mean with it? b) Does the jury have a legal training?
d) How important is fashion and style in your life? c) How are the jury members chosen?
d) Well then, what is the duty of the judge?
21.Librarian: You know you should have returned the
art book today. 23.Lecturer : Have you decided which courses you
Robert : _______ are going to take?
Librarian : I’m afraid I can’t do that. There’s Student : Yes, I want to take Economics,
someone who wants to borrow it. Statistics and French.
Robert : Then I’ll rush back home and bring it Lecturer : _______
here before closing time. Student : Oh, yes. There’s nothing to prevent me
a) Please let me keep it for one more day. I have only from working hard this semester.
one chapter left. a) Have you found any of the books yet?
b) It seems I have borrowed the wrong book. May I see b) But how much time will that leave you for sleep?
the one by W. Peter? c) Do you think you’ll be able to keep up with them all?
c) Nobody would want that book anyway. I thought I d) Yes, but I’m sure you can manage them.
could keep it as long as I wished.

For questions 24 – 27, complete the paragraphs with the best option.
24.When I was a boy at school, a question that was 25.Returning to the earth involves the problem of
frequently asked was “what is the use of decreasing the spacecraft’s great speed. To do this,
history?”______. When it came to the use of an orbiting spacecraft uses small rockets to
science, however, then there was no doubt about its redirect its flight path into the upper atmosphere.
usefulness. Many of us hoped to be chemists or This action is called de-orbit. A spacecraft returning
physicists or engineers. to the earth from the moon or from another planet
a) History, more than other subjects, has to be well also aims its path to skim the upper atmosphere.
taught at school ______.
b) History teaches us about different civilisations a) Starting in 2004, the spacecraft will explore
c) This question is no longer important for students Uranus, its mysterious rings
d) And nobody seemed to have any answer at all b) Air cannot flow out of the way of the onrushing
spacecraft fast enough

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 c) Air resistance then provides the rest of the
necessary speed reduction 27.Tutankhamen, who was the pharaoh of Egypt from
d) A spacecraft must make another rocket firing to about 1361 BC, died at the early age of 19. He was
increase its speed buried in great splendour in a four-roomed tomb in
the Valley of the Kings on the west bank of the Nile
26.______. We still rely mainly on rivers, lakes, springs near Luxor. ______. Indeed many people would
and wells but we exploit them more extensively. We never have heard his name if his tomb, with its
have increased the storage of natural lakes by amazing treasures had not been found.
building dams. In this way, we have created new
reservoirs to collect water in river valleys. a) Unfortunately many people think that the mystery
of the tomb never be solved
a) The sources of water today are much the same b) We know virtually nothing about life of this king,
as they were thousands of years ago nor why he died so young
b) Dams must be strong enough to resist the great c) For this reason some scholars claim that the
pressure of water tomb was constructed earlier
c) Dams are useful to prevent flooding but usually d) All the royal tombs including Tutankhamen’s had
they are very expensive to build been robbed in ancient times
d) Through history man tried unsuccessfully to gain
control over water
For questions 28 – 31, choose the most appropriate option for the main idea of each paragraph.
28. The sun is the most important source of energy in our lives. Plants provide our bodies with energy and they
obtain this energy from the sun. Petroleum, natural gas and coal are forms of energy which were stored in the
earth for millions and millions of years, and these energy forms also come from plants. That means they are
from the sun again in an indirect way.
a) Nuclear power is not a form of solar energy.
b) Nuclear energy is a very limited energy source.
c) Alternative energy sources are the only solution to the energy problems.
d) Most of the energy forms which we use now come from sunlight.
29. Scientists have evidence that there was once water on Mars. Water, of course, is essential for life. It is also
believed that Mars was much warmer millions of years ago. A warm planet was also convenient for various
forms of life. Now, scientists feel that they could prove the existence of life on the ‘red planet’.
a) Mars could not have supported any forms of life as it was much too warm.
b) There is strong evidence that Mars once had immense amount of water on it.
c) It is widely assumed by scientists that Mars might have once had life on it.
d) Scientists have recently reached new proof on the presence of life on Mars.

30. Recent health concerns about smoking tobacco have led governments to seek new ways of fighting the habit.
The latest effort in getting people to stop smoking sees an increase in cigarette prices. This has happened in
a number of American states and Europe. Health experts and government authorities argue that making
cigarettes expensive could be one of the ways to motivate people eventually to give up the fatal habit.
a) It has been suggested that smoking-related disease kills one half of all long term smokers but these diseases may
also be contracted by non-smokers.
b) Cigarettes have become unaffordable for people because governments believe that tobacco is an expensive
product to supply in the market.
c) The average age to start smoking in some states of America and Europe has dramatically dropped recently due to
the changes in cigarette prices.
d) The recent worries about the hazardous effects of smoking have urged the authorities to take some certain actions
against the use of tobacco products.
31. Commercials we see or hear around us every day could be misleading for potential consumers. Ethically,
however, they must not make any emotional appeals to children; or assert any political, religious or
ideological slogans to any certain group of people. They should not include any of such false claims on so-
called scientific tests and, for example, suggest ‘nine out of ten babies prefer bottled milk to breast-feeding
from their own mothers’.
a) Commercials are expected to be truthful and include accurate information about the product.
b) The commercials we see around are always designed to tell the consumers the truth about the products.
c) Amazingly, some babies prefer bottled milk because it tastes much better than breast-feeding.
d) The slogans used in commercials are not meant to give any message to the potential consumer.

For questions 32 - 36, choose the best option with the closest in meaning.
32. In contrast to the United States, it is very difficult to get a gun licence in Britain.
a) Since it's so difficult to get a gun licence in Britain, not as many people own one as they do to fee United States.
b) Unlike the United States, obtaining permission to own a gun in Britain is very hard.
c) Permission to own a gun is difficult to obtain in both the United States and Britain.
d) If you fail to obtain a gun licence in Britain, you can try your chance in the United States as it is easier there.
33. Peter would have done better in the race, had he actually trained for it.
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 a) If Peter spent some time training, he would perform at a higher level in the races he runs.
b) Peter’s performance in the race couldn’t have been any better even if he had properly trained for it.
c) If Peter were better at training, he would do better in the actual competitions he enters.
d) If Peter had really practised beforehand, he would have improved his performance in the race.
34. As you don’t like that type of music, you might as well not waste your time going to the concert.
a) There’s a chance that you’ll like the music, but if you don’t go to the concert, you’ll never know.
b) I doubt that you’ll like to go to the show as you don’t really enjoy listening to that kind of music.
c) Attending the performance would be a waste of your time since you’re no fan of that sort of music.
d) Even if you think you’ll waste your time, you should still go to the concert as you might like the music.

35. The festival has been postponed due to adverse weather conditions.
a) Since the weather is so bad, the festival will be held at a later date.
b) The festıval planners should have known that winter is an unfavourable time for a festival.
c) It is a bad idea to have festivals in a place where the weather is so unsettled.
d) There won't be a festival at all because the weather is so bad.
36. It wasn't the best film I've ever seen, but it was definitely above average.
a) I've never seen such a good film in such an ordinary cinema.
b) I can only recall ever seeing one film better than that one.
c) The film was better than most, though I have seen better ones.
d) I've seen a lot of boring films, but that one is worse than most.

For questions 37 - 39, choose the correct option with the correct order to make a paragraph.
37. I. When the body needs sugar, the liver turns the glycogen into glucose again and sends it to the body tissues
through the bloodstream.
II. It is wedge-shaped and is situated under the diaphragm, mostly on the left side of the body, where it is protected
by the lower ribs.
III. It weighs a little more than three pounds in an adult.
IV. Somewhat like a chemical factory, the liver takes the particles of glucose and changes them into another kind of
carbohydrate called glycogen, which it then stores.
V. The liver is the largest organ in the body.
a) III, IV, II, I, V b) V, III, II, IV, I c) II, V, III, IV, I d) V, IV, I, II, III

38. I. After that, until the end of life, the brain slowly dies, losing several thousand brain cells every day.
II. But by far, the worst part of getting old is that we become prone to diseases that seem to accompany aging naturally:
heart diseases, cancer, arthritis, strokes.
III. After the age of twenty-seven, the body becomes brittle.
IV. It is harder to recover from injuries, but much easier to get injured.
V. Until a person is about nineteen, the brain continues to grow, adding new cells every year.
a) V, I, III, IV, II b) IV, II, V, I, III c) III, IV, I, V, II d) I, V, III, II, IV

39. I. The code consists of an alphabet using combinations of small raised dots.
II. It was developed by Louis Braille, a blind French student, in 1824.
III. Braille is a system of communication used by the blind.
IV. These small dots, which may seem insignificant to the sighted, have opened up the entire world of books and
reading for the blind.
V. The dots are imprinted on paper and can be felt, and thus read, by running the fingers across the page.
a) I, III, II, V, IV b) III, II, V, IV, I c) III, II, I, V, IV d) I, II, IV, V, III

For questions 40 - 45, answer the questions according to the passage given below.
1 BBC4, a comparatively new TV channel, has a character of its own. From the start it aimed to be “a place to think”, and
2 it was always designed as something “that the commercial market would never do”, says Roly Keating, its controller
3 and formerly head of arts at the BBC. Its first week’s schedule indeed verged on a parody of non-commercial TV, with
4 township opera from South Africa and a performance by a Senegalese singer in a London church hall. A top-rated
5 show will typically draw some 50,000 viewers – almost negligible in television terms. Yet that narrow appeal makes 6
BBC4 a model of what a publicly financed broadcaster should do. It has gone into places where its ratings-driven
7 sister channel, BBC1, seldom dares to walk into. Despite a tiny 35m budget, it boasts an intelligent prime-time talk
8 show and a world news program so internationally-minded that its London provenance is barely visible. BBC4 may
9 wear its gravity a little too heavily at times, but it supplies a variety and thoughtfulness unavailable on prime time
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10 BBC1. The more the other BBC channels chase the ratings, and the more that BBC4 refuses to be dictated to by them,
11 the more the channel looks like a model for what BBC television could look like.
40. It is clear from the passage that, since BBC4 is publicly financed, it ____.
a) has to give viewers the kind of programs they want
b) is under an obligation to offer a great variety of program
c) is under no pressure to attract a lot of viewers
d) has a large budget with which to work
41. What does it mean in line 9?
a) BBC1 b) 35m budget c) talk show d) BBC4
42. Before he took over the running of BBC4, Roly Keating was ____.
a) involved in commercial tv enterprises c) a severe critic of the BBC1 channel
b) criticized for the boredom of the programs d) the arts director at the BBC
43. According to the passage, the programs BBC4 has to offer ____.
a) rarely come up to expectations c) are mostly news programs and London- orientated
b) are varied, unusual and thought-provoking d) are attracting very large numbers of viewers
44. In line 6, BBC1 is described as being “ratings-driven”; this means ____.
a) it is obliged to put on popular programs c) it sees BBC4 as its greatest rival
b) its appeal is a very narrow one d) it feels very secure and can take risks
45. It is clear that the writer of the passage thinks ____.
a) BBC4 hasn’t lived up to its aim to be “a place to think” c) the performance of BBC4 is impressive
b) BBC4’s budget of 35m is too excessive d) BBC1 channel should be closed down soon

For questions 46 – 50, answer the questions according to the passage given below.
Leonardo Da Vinci is a member of a very small class of “transformative geniuses,” not ordinary or common geniuses, who
have contributed abundantly to their fields, but rather the ones who have created or defined entire fields. In literature, no
one asks, “Who was the greatest writer?” Honest debate can start at number two. Shakespeare, the consensus choice
as greatest writer, is a member of this class of transformative geniuses. Similarly, Isaac Newton is recognized as the
greatest among scientists and mathematicians; Ludwig van Beethoven, and possibly Bach and Mozart, are the
transformative geniuses among composers. The most recent transformative genius the world has seen may have been
Albert Einstein, a scientist like Newton – and Time nagazine’s “man of the century” for the 20th century. In ranking artists,
one can start the debate at number three – a rank for which Raphael and Rembrandt are candidates, or perhaps one of
the great French impressionists, or the 20th century’s most famous artist, Picasso. The ranks of number one and number
two, however, are reserved for Leonardo and Michelangelo, taken in either order. These two are far above all other artists.
Michelangelo lived a very long lifetime of eighty-nine years, and was productive to the end. Leonardo, on the other hand,
lived sixty-seven years, and left behind just a dozen paintings. And only a half of these are incontrovertibly one hundred
per cent by him. In contrast, Rembrandt painted hundreds of paintings, 57 of himself alone; Van Gogh created nine
hundred paintings in a period of nine years. So how can we put Leonardo at the very pinnacle? The answer is really quite
simple: his dozen or so paintings include the number one and the number two most famous paintings in the history of art
– the Last Supper and Mona Lisa.

46. The passage is about “transformative geniuses” ____.

a) as they have affected the world of literature and science
b) but the author feels that the way the public opinion ranks them is faulty
c) and instances of them are given in several fields
d) and the times in which they lived and produced
47. With the sentence, “Honest debate can start at number two”, the writer meant that ____.
a) there can be no doubt about number 1; that’s definitely Shakespeare’s place
b) people don’t always give their honest opinions
c) Shakespeare doesn’t deserve his position at the head of the list
d) the relative merits of writers are very controversial
48. According to the passage, when it comes to ranking artists, ____.
a) the third place definitely goes to Raphael
b) at least six artists have a claim to top place
c) 20th-century ones come lowest on the list
d) it is either Leonardo or Michelangelo who is number one
49. We learn from the passage that, although Leonardo left the world only a dozen or so paintings, ____.
a) these include the world’s two best-known paintings
b) they are all of remarkably high quality
c) they rightly earned him the fame of the world’s number one artist
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 d) he knew they would keep his name alive to the end of civilization
50. It is clear from the passage that Michelangelo ____.
a) richly deserves his number one position as the best of the artists
b) was a far more productive artist than Leonardo
c) had a profound influence upon the next generation of painters
d) was jealous of the fame of Leonardo and strove to excel him

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