Chapter1 Introduction

• Motoring Condition of an Engine

In this method, initially the engine is run in a normal fire mode. When the engine reaches a
steady-state condition with all temperatures, is turned-off and immediately tested using an
electric motor. For a brief period of time, the engine temperatures will be almost same as with
a fired engine. This will quickly change because no combustion is occurring, and the engine
start cooling-off.

• Motoring Test

In the motoring test, the engine is first run up to the desired speed by its own power and allowed
to remain at the given speed and load conditions for some time so that oil, water and engine
component temperatures reach stable conditions.

The power of engine during this period is absorbed by a swinging field type electric
dynamometer, which is more suitable for this test.

The fuel supply is then cut off and by suitable electric switching devices the dynamometer is
converted to run as a motor to derive for ‘motor’ the engine at the same speed at which it was
previously running.

The power supply to the motor is measured which is a measure of the bhp of the engine. During
the motoring test the water supply is also cut off so that the actual operating temperature are
obtained.

For a brief period of time, the engine temperature will be almost same as in fired engine. This
will quickly change because no combustion is occurring and the engine starts cooling off.
 Fig1.1 Motoring test setup

• Firing Condition of an Engine

Firing of an engine is nothing but is a chemical reaction between air and fuel. By chain reaction
between fuel and air. Fuel contain hydro carbon, breaking the molecular structure that means
band energy was released in the form of heat chemical energy converted into thermal energy.

• Limitations
• This reduces the lubricating oil temperature which results in increasing friction
increasing oil viscosity.

• During exhaust the back pressure is much more in motoring condition than in
firing condition( More the back pressure lesser will be the engine efficiency).

However under motoring condition, we get reasonably good results and very suitable for
finding the losses due to various engine components.

• Applications
It is used to calculate :-

• Frictional Power
• Brake Horse Power (bhp)
• Indicated Power
 • Thermal Efficiency
• Mechanical Efficiency

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

• Hussain H. Al-Kayiem, Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab and A. Rashid A. Aziz in their

research article ‘Computational Analysis of Flow Characteristic in Inlet and Exhaust
Manifolds of Single Cylinder S.I Engine’ which was published in the year 2017,
demonstrated that the results obtained from the simulation code be used as guide to
improve the understanding of the hydrothermal behaviour of the fluids in the manifolds
and might be utilized to improve the manifold design.The flow at the intake and exhaust
was simulated using ANSYS FLUENT employing boundary conditions at valves
timing at critical points of opening and closing.

• Yaopeng, Ming Jia, Yachao Chang, Sage L. Kok John, Rolf D. Reitz in their research
article ‘Thermodynamic Energy and Exergy Analysis of three dimensional Engine
Combustion Regimes’ which was published in the year 2016, studied energy and
exergy distribution of three different combustion regimes HCCI, RCCI and CDC. CDC
demonstrate the highest utilization efficiency of heat transfer and exhaust. HCCI
achieves the highest energy and exergy efficiency over RCCI and CDC. HCCI and
RCCI demonstrate lower exergy destruction than CDC. Combustion temperature, rate,
duration and regime affect exergy destruction.

• Ming Jia, Maozhao Xie, Tianyou Wang, Zhijun Peng in their research article ‘The
Effect of Injection timing on performance and emission of diesel PCCI Engine with the
full engine cycle CFD simulation’ which was published in the year 2011, demonstrated
that the ignition timing is solely controlled by IVC timing and SOI timing respectively.
With the retarded IVC timing the operating range of SOI becomes wider for clean
combustion. The IVC timing should be optimised with consideration of ignition timing
and combustion efficiency at different SOI timing in order to improve fuel economy.
 • Zhiyu Han and Rolf D. Reitz in their research article ‘A Temperature wall function
formulation for variable density turbulent flow with application to engine convective

heat transfer modelling’ published in 1996, a temperature wall function derived for
variable density turbulent flows that are commonly found in internal combustion
engines. Multidimensional computations were made of a pancake chamber gasoline
engine and a heavy duty diesel engine under firing conditions. It was found that gas
compressibility affected engine heat transfer prediction significantly while the effect of
unsteadiness and heat release due to combustion were insignificant for the cases
considered.

• M Safari and M. Ghamari in their research article ‘Intake Manifold Optimization by

Using 3D CFD Analysis’ published in 2003, demonstrated that perfectly designed
manifold plays an vital role in engine performance. They created a 3D model of IM
using solidworks and generated Mesh using Gambit software and using CFD solver to
obtain the flow field results.

• N.P. Komninos, G.M. Kosmadakis in their research paper ‘Heat Transfer in HCCI
multizone modeling: Validation of a new wall heat flux correlation under motoring
conditions’ published in 2010 demostrated that the result obtained from the multi-zone
model and the new heat flux correlation presented herein, lie close to the result obtained
from the CFD calculations.
.

• GAPS IN LITERATURE REVIEW

From all the research papers, we studied for our project as we refer of all the research paper in
references. Those research papers helps us lot for our project to move in right direction as we
want to work. Not much work has done on motoring condition as all the above research papers
we studied, they justify their progress under firing condition of an engine. We are persuing our
work of CFD analysis of IC engine under motoring condition by using their parameters.
CHAPTER 3 OBJECTIVE

There are few objectives of CFD analysis of I.C Engine under motoring condition using
ANSYS Fluent.

The objectives are:

• To obtain Temperature Contour.

• To obtain Pressure Contour.

• To obtain Apparent Heat Release Rate.

CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY

• Analysis Method

• The values of the parameters are taken from the above research papers which are very
close to our structure provided by www.ansys.com/academics
• The domain on which we are working on is IVC and EVO.
• The simulation is done on single cylinder diesel engine.
• The simulation is done on ANSYS 18.1 Fluent.

• Parameters involving simulation

Table 4.1: Engine specification

Parameters Specs
165 (mm)
Connecting rod Length (L)
55 (mm)
 Crank radius (r)
570 (degree)
Inlet valve close (IVC)
833 (degree)
Exhaust valve close (EVC)

Table 4.2: initial boundary conditions of engine temperature

Temperature Values

Inlet valve temperature 523 K

Exhaust valve temperature 923 K

Cylinder wall temperature 458 K

Piston face temperature 573 K

CHAPTER 5 WORK PROGRESS

• We have read some research paper and the thesis regarding the topic.
• We are currently observing and studying the results of research papers.
• We are trying to apply given parameters and values suitable for our structure of IC
engine on ANSYS 18.1 .
• We successfully completed first step of simulation which is lift profile for valve lift
and piston motion profile under engine setup.
• We are currently working on geometry of IC engine part.
Fig : 5.1 Analysis System of IC Engine

Fig : 5.2 Full engine IVC to EVO

 Fig : 5.3 ICE parameters

Fig : 5.4 Validation of ICE parameters

 Fig : 5.5 Geometrical Analysis

Fig : 5.6 Inlet and Outlet Manifolds geometry

REFERENCES
 Hussain H. Al-Kayiem, Hasanain A. Abdul Wahhab and A. Rashid A. Aziz
‘Computational Analysis of Flow Characteristic in Inlet and Exhaust Manifolds of
Single Cylinder S.I Engine’(2017)
 Yaopeng, Ming Jia, Yachao Chang, Sage L. Kok John, Rolf D. Reitz ‘Thermodynamic
Energy and Exergy Analysis of three dimensional Engine Combustion
Regimes’(2016,)
 Ming Jia, Maozhao Xie, Tianyou Wang, Zhijun Peng ‘The Effect of Injection timing
on performance and emission of diesel PCCI Engine with the full engine cycle CFD
simulation’2011
 Zhiyu Han and Rolf D. Reitz ‘A Temperature wall function formulation for variable
density turbulent flow with application to engine convective heat transfer
modelling’(1996)
 M Safari and M. Ghamari ‘Intake Manifold Optimization by Using 3D CFD
Analysis’(2003)
 https://scholar.google.co.in
 Sci-hub.tw