Schlumberger Private

Centrifugal Pump
Centrifugal Pumps
The term “centrifugal pump” has been used

Schlumberger Private
to describe a wide variety of pumping
applications and designs throughout the
years.
Centrifugal Pump

The REDA centrifugal pump

is a multistage pump,

Schlumberger Private
containing a selected
number (application
dependent) of impellers
equipped with vanes, inside
a closely fitted diffuser,
located in series an axial
shaft, driven by the electrical
motor.
Centrifugal Pump

A centrifugal pump creates pressure by

the rotation of a series of vanes in an

Schlumberger Private
impeller.

The impeller’s job is to transfer energy by

rotation to the liquid passing through it, thus
raising the kinetic energy.
Centrifugal Pump

The diffuser section then converts this energy

to potential energy, raising the discharge

Schlumberger Private
pressure.
 Centrifugal Pump

From there, the rotation of

the high-speed impeller

Schlumberger Private
throws the liquid into the
diffuser.
 Centrifugal Pumps
Each "stage" consists of an
impeller and a diffuser. The
impeller takes the fluid and
imparts kinetic energy to it. The
diffuser converts this kinetic

Schlumberger Private
energy into potential energy
(head or pressure).

Upthrust Washer

Impeller

Down Thrust Washer

Diffuser
HEAD
• Curves for centrifugal Head: The height
pumps are normally to which the pump
will "lift" the fluid

Schlumberger Private
shown as flow versus
head in feet, meters,
or some other
consistent unit.
Maximum Head-Capacity
20000
Total Dynamic Head -Feet

4.5" Casing
15000 5.5" Casing

Schlumberger Private
7" Casing

10000

5000

0
0 10000 20000 30000
Flow Rate - BPD (60 Hz)
 SN2600 60 HZ / 3500 RPM Pump Performance Curve 538 Series - 1 Stage(s) - Sp. Gr. 1.00

REDA Optimum Operating Range

Nominal Housing Diameter
Shaft Diameter
1600 - 3200
5.38
0.875
bpd
inches
inches
Shaft Brake Horsepower Limit:

Housing Burst Pressure Limit:

Standard
High Strength
Standard
256
410
N/A
Hp
Hp
psi
Shaft Cross Sectional Area 0.601 in2 Buttress 6000 psi
Rev. B Minimum Casing Size 7.000 inches Welded 6000 psi

Feet B.E.P. Hp Eff

Q = 2581
H = 46.75
60 P = 1.31 3.00 60%
E = 68.09

50 2.50 50%

Schlumberger Private
40 2.00 40%

30 1.50 30%

20 1.00 20%

10 0.50 10%

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000

Capacity - Barrels per Day

• From this curve we can determine the head produced, brake

horsepower required and hydraulic efficiency at any flow rate.
 Impeller Thrust

An Impeller has three forces acting on it.

The sum of these three forces is the total

Schlumberger Private
thrust.

Cross-Section of a Typical Impeller

 Impeller Thrust
Gravity: F=mA
Pressure: F = Press x Area
Momentum: F = d(mass) x velocity + d(velocity) x mass
d(time) d(time)

Schlumberger Private
High Pressure

Low Pressure
 Impeller Thrust
Pressure: By using a "balance ring" between the impeller and
diffuser and drilling "balance holes" in the upper
impeller skirt, we can recirculate lower pressure
fluid over the majority of the upper surface.

Schlumberger Private
Balance Low Pressure
Balance
Ring Hole

High Pressure

Low Pressure Fluid

 Efficiency
100%
Mechanical

Natural Leakage
% Horse Power

Hydraulic
Recirculation Loss

Schlumberger Private
Pump Output
from Impeller
Shape

0%
0% Flow Rate 100%
Schlumberger Private
Schlumberger Private
Pump Descriptions and Names
The series designations are defined as:
Type Series Outside Minimum
Diameter Casing Size
A 338 3.38” 4 ½”

Schlumberger Private
D 400 4.00” 5 ½”
G 540 5.13” 6 5/8”
S 538 5.38” 7”
H 562 5.63” 7”
J 675 6.75” 8 5/8”
L 738 7.25” 9 5/8”
M 862 8.63” 10 ¾”
N 950 9.5” 11 ¾”
950 10.00” 11 ¾”
P 1125 11.25” 13 3/8”

DN 1300
Pump Descriptions and Names:
• N = NiResist
• R = 5530

Schlumberger Private
• V = Type 4
• Many other letters will be used to discribe
the pump…
 Pump Nomenclature:
Frequently Used Terms
Abbreviation Definition
ARZ Abrasion Resistant: Zirconia bushings and sleeves
ARZ-S Abrasion Resistant: Silicon Carbide sleeves
ARZ-SS Abrasion Resistant: Silicon Carbide bushing and sleeves
ARZ-T Abrasion Resistant: Tungsten-Carbide sleeves
ARZ-TT Abrasion Resistant: Tungsten-Carbide bushings and sleeves
ARZ-ZS Abrasion Resistant: Zirconia bushing bushings and Silicon sleeves
ARZ-ZT Abrasion Resistant: Zirconia bushing bushings and Tungsten sleeves
C Compression

Schlumberger Private
CT Center Tandem
C-CT Compression-Center Tandem
C-LT Compression-Lower Tandem
CR Compression Ring
CR-CT Compression Ring-Center Tandem
CR-LT Compression Ring-Lower Tandem
ES Enhanced Stability
FL Floater
FL-CT Floater-Center Tandem
FL-LT Floater-Lower Tandem
FL-S Floater-Single section
HB Hydraulic Balance
HSG Housing
S Single
SS Stainless Steel
SS H and B Stainless Steel Head and Base
CS Carbon Steel
M-Trim Monel Trim
Rloy Redaloy
SLB Self Lubricating bearings (Graphalloy)
HSS High Strength Shaft
Pump naming conventions
DN1400 indicates:

Schlumberger Private
D = 400 series, therefore, 4.0” in diameter
N = the material of the stage, in this case ni-
resist.
1400 = the best efficiency flow rate
(60 Hz : 3500 RPM) in barrels per day.
Pump Construction
There are two types of pump stage
construction for ESP oil field applications:

Schlumberger Private
Floater - Type
Compression - Type
2 Types of Stage Construction

Pump
Down Impeller
Thrust Thrust
Carried
Compression

Schlumberger Private
here

Floater

Protector
Thrust
Bearing
Motor
Thrust
Bearing
 "Compression" Pumps
In a compression pump, all the impellers are rigidly fixed to
the shaft so that if an impeller wants to move up or down, it
will take the shaft with it.

Schlumberger Private
The impeller is normally sitting down on its lower diffuser
during assembly due to gravity. Because of this, the pump
shaft is "raised" with shims in the coupling so that the impeller
is not allowed to touch the diffuser after final assembly. This
allows all thrust developed in the pump shaft to be transferred
to the protector shaft directly.
Pump
Shimming

Schlumberger Private
Impeller is in full down
position

There is a small amount of free play in the

coupling such that the pump shaft can fall
down to where the impellers ride directly on
the lower diffusers or on the downthrust
washers if available.
Pump
Shimming

Add shims so the impeller is

Schlumberger Private
lifted slightly off diffuser.

Shims placed in
coupling to raise
the shaft
 Why use Compression Pumps?
• Some stages generate too much thrust to be handled by a thrust
washer in the stage.
•

Schlumberger Private
Some fluids (e.g. liquid propane) do not have enough lubricity to
properly lubricate a thrust washer.
• If abrasives or corrosives are present, it may be beneficial to handle
the thrust in an area lubricated by motor oil rather than well fluid.
• Occasionally in very gassy wells, the flow volume changes so
drastically within the pump that parts of a floater pump could be in
very severe thrust while others are not so a compression pump could
be one alternative.
• Since all the thrust is handled in the protector, as long as the
protector has a great enough capacity, the pump operating range can
be extended over a much wider area without any increased wear or
reduced life.
Centrifugal Pumps

A radial flow
(pancake) impeller

Schlumberger Private
has vane angels at
close to 90 degree,
and therefore, are
usually found in
pump ranges for
lower flow rates.
Centrifugal Pumps

A mixed flow impeller

has vane angels at

Schlumberger Private
close to 45 degree,
and therefore, are
usually found in
pump ranges for
higher flow rates.