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    Ammonia Secondary Reforming: By: Gerard B. Hawkins Managing Director, CEO

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    benon
    This document discusses secondary reforming in ammonia production. Secondary reforming is used to add nitrogen and reduce methane slip from the primary reformer. It works by further reforming the process gas from the primary reformer with air in a secondary reactor. Key components of the secondary reformer include the burner, mixing volume, and catalyst. Maintaining the right design of these components is important to minimize methane slip during reforming. Different types of burners and catalysts are discussed. Secondary reforming produces a syngas with higher nitrogen and lower methane levels than the primary reformer alone.

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    Ammonia Secondary Reforming: By: Gerard B. Hawkins Managing Director, CEO

    Uploaded by

    benon
    135 views10 pages
    This document discusses secondary reforming in ammonia production. Secondary reforming is used to add nitrogen and reduce methane slip from the primary reformer. It works by further reforming the process gas from the primary reformer with air in a secondary reactor. Key components of the secondary reformer include the burner, mixing volume, and catalyst. Maintaining the right design of these components is important to minimize methane slip during reforming. Different types of burners and catalysts are discussed. Secondary reforming produces a syngas with higher nitrogen and lower methane levels than the primary reformer alone.

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    AMMONIA

    Original Title

    AMMONIA

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    This document discusses secondary reforming in ammonia production. Secondary reforming is used to add nitrogen and reduce methane slip from the primary reformer. It works by further reforming the process gas from the primary reformer with air in a secondary reactor. Key components of the secondary reformer include the burner, mixing volume, and catalyst. Maintaining the right design of these components is important to minimize methane slip during reforming. Different types of burners and catalysts are discussed. Secondary reforming produces a syngas with higher nitrogen and lower methane levels than the primary reformer alone.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    135 views10 pages

    Ammonia Secondary Reforming: By: Gerard B. Hawkins Managing Director, CEO

    Uploaded by

    benon
    This document discusses secondary reforming in ammonia production. Secondary reforming is used to add nitrogen and reduce methane slip from the primary reformer. It works by further reforming the process gas from the primary reformer with air in a secondary reactor. Key components of the secondary reformer include the burner, mixing volume, and catalyst. Maintaining the right design of these components is important to minimize methane slip during reforming. Different types of burners and catalysts are discussed. Secondary reforming produces a syngas with higher nitrogen and lower methane levels than the primary reformer alone.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    Ammonia

    Secondary Reforming

    By:
    Gerard B. Hawkins
    Managing Director, CEO
    Why have a Secondary Reformer ?

     Need nitrogen to make


    ammonia
     Wish to make primary as small
    as possible
     Wish to minimise methane slip
    since methane is an inert in the
    ammonia synthesis loop
     Other methods of achieving this
    Braun Purifier process
     Can address all these with an
    air blown secondary
    Secondary Reforming

     Secondary has three key components


    Burner Gun
    Mixing Volume
    Catalyst
     All three must be right to obtain minimum
    methane slip
     During normal operation difficult to tell
    which one is causing a problem
     In general need to shut down and inspect
    Secondary Reforming
     Catalyst is typically loaded on top of inert
    balls or lumps (low silica)
     Refractory arch in base of secondary
    allows for Support of bed and inerts
    Collection of gases
     On top of bed install a heat shield - made
    of
    • Tiles
    • Large catalyst pellets
     Gives additional activity

     Large enough that moving catalyst is

    very difficult
    Secondary Reforming

     Number of different types of burner gun


    • John Zinc Shower head type
    • JMC (Synetix) High Intensity Ring Burner
    • Haldor Topsøe’s ring burner
    • Similar to ours
     Aim of burner is to
    • Mix intimately the process gas and oxidant
    (air)
    • Evenly distribute air
    • Ensure no burning on burner tips
    High Intensity Ring Burner Design
    Secondary Reforming
    Mixing Volume

     If there is insufficient mixing volume,


    • Variation of bed inlet temperature
    • Variation of bed inlet composition
    • Leads to poor usage of bed
    • High methane slip
    • Can change catalyst to improved version
    • Reduce catalyst volume
    • Increased mixing volume
    Secondary Reforming Catalysts

     Catalyst is robust
     Can not be poisoned due to high
    temperature operation
    Poisons will be passed to next unit
    operation
     Can be affected by high temperatures
    Will get color changes
     Can get bypassing
    Leads to wide variations in flow per unit
    volume
     Leads to higher than expected ATE’s
    Comparison to other Technologies

    Name Methanol Hydrogen Ammonia Ex Ammonia


    Primary Ex Secondary
    H2 70-73 70-73 68-71 54-58
    CO 14-16 13-16 6-9 10-12
    CO2 7-9 6-11 10-12 8-10
    CH4 2-3 1-5 8-12 0.1-1.0
    N2 0-1 0-1 0-1 22-26

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