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    Worksheet 1

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    Thirdy Medino
    This document discusses solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan elimination. It defines the row echelon form and reduced row echelon form of a matrix. The document provides examples of solving systems of linear equations, determining if a homogeneous system has non-trivial solutions, and the theorem that a homogeneous system with fewer equations than variables has infinitely many non-trivial solutions. Counter examples to the theorem for non-homogeneous systems are requested.

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    Worksheet 1

    Uploaded by

    Thirdy Medino
    23 views5 pages
    This document discusses solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan elimination. It defines the row echelon form and reduced row echelon form of a matrix. The document provides examples of solving systems of linear equations, determining if a homogeneous system has non-trivial solutions, and the theorem that a homogeneous system with fewer equations than variables has infinitely many non-trivial solutions. Counter examples to the theorem for non-homogeneous systems are requested.

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    This document discusses solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan elimination. It defines the row echelon form and reduced row echelon form of a matrix. The document provides examples of solving systems of linear equations, determining if a homogeneous system has non-trivial solutions, and the theorem that a homogeneous system with fewer equations than variables has infinitely many non-trivial solutions. Counter examples to the theorem for non-homogeneous systems are requested.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views5 pages

    Worksheet 1

    Uploaded by

    Thirdy Medino
    This document discusses solving systems of linear equations using Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan elimination. It defines the row echelon form and reduced row echelon form of a matrix. The document provides examples of solving systems of linear equations, determining if a homogeneous system has non-trivial solutions, and the theorem that a homogeneous system with fewer equations than variables has infinitely many non-trivial solutions. Counter examples to the theorem for non-homogeneous systems are requested.

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    MATH 238 Worksheet 1

    1.1. System of Linear Equations


    1. Solve by Gauss-Jordan elimination.


     x1 + x2 − x3 + 2x4 = 1

    x + x − x − x = −1
    1 2 3 4
    (1)

     x1 + 2x2 + x3 + 2x4 = −1

    2x1 + 2x2 + x3 + x4 = 2

    1
    2



     x1 + 3x2 − 2x3 + 2x5 = 0

    2x + 6x − 5x − 2x + 4x − 3x = −1
    1 2 3 4 5 6
    (2)

     5x3 + 10x4 + 15x6 = 5

    2x1 + 6x2 + 8x4 + 4x5 + 18x6 = 6

    3

    2. Suppose that the augmented matrix for a system of linear equations has been
    reduced by elementary row operations to give the following reduced row-echlon form for
    the coefficient matrix. What is the solution to each of the system of linear equations?
     
      1 6 0 0 4 −2  
    1 0 0 4 −1  0 0 1 0 3 1  1 0 0 0
     0 1 0 2 6 ,   0 1 2 0 .
     0 0 0 1 5 2 ,

    0 0 1 3 2 0 0 0 1
    0 0 0 0 0 0
    4

    3. Gaussian Elimination is another systematic approach for solving linear systems.


    Just like Gauss-Jordan Elimination, it uses elementary row operations to transform the
    augmented matrix, but this time we do this so that the coefficient matrix has the row-
    echlon form (not the reduced row-echlon form.)

    row-echlon form
    a. Any rows of zeros appear at the bottom.
    b. The first nonzero entry of a nonzero row is 1.
    c. The leading 1 of a nonzero row appears to the right of the leading 1 of any preceding row.

    Ex) Solve by Gaussian Elimination and back substitution. You will figure out what
    “back substitution” means at the last step where you try to reach the final answer.

    x + y + 2z = 9

    2x + 4y − 3z = 1

    3x + 6y − 5z = 0
    5

    4. A system of linear equations is said to be homogeneous if it could be written in


    the form 
    a11 x1 + a12 x2 + · · · + a1n xn = 0


    a21 x1 + a22 x2 + · · · + a2n xn = 0

    ..


     .

    a x + a x + · · · + a x = 0
    m1 1 m2 2 mn n
    All homogeneous linear systems have at least the trivial solution x1 = x2 = ··· = xn = 0.

    Ex) Are there any non-trivial solution to the homogeneous system of linear equations?
    Check by Gauss-Jordan Elimination.


     2x1 + 2x2 − x3 + x5 = 0

    −x − x + 2x − 3x + x = 0
    1 2 3 4 5

     x 1 + x 2 − 2x 3 − x 5 = 0

    x3 + x4 + x5 = 0

    Theorem A homogeneous system of m linear equations in n variables with m < n has


    infinitely many non-trivial solutions.

    • This theorem is not true for non-homogeneous systems. Find a counter example.

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