Bombardier CRJ 200-Navigation System PDF
Bombardier CRJ 200-Navigation System PDF
Bombardier CRJ 200-Navigation System PDF
1. INTRODUCTION
: VHF Navigation
Two separate VHF systems are provided for radio navigation and are designed and installed
so that the failure of one system does not prevent the operation of the other. Both systems
are connected to the onside and cross-side flight compartment displays and controls.
The navigation receivers are tuned by two radio tuning units and navigation data is
displayed on the primary flight displays (PFD’s) and multifunctional displays (MFD’s).
Frequency selection is accomplished through the two radio tuning units. In the event of a
failure of one or both radio tuning units, radio communication and navigation can be
controlled by the backup tuning unit.
Display control panels permit control over the multifunctional display formats, navigation
source and bearing source display.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
The flight management system (FMS) is an integrated navigation system that provides
worldwide point--to--point and great circle navigation. The FMS can be used for:
: Non-precision approaches
The FMS consists of a flight management computer, located in the avionics compartment,
and a control display unit located in the center console. The flight management computer
collects information from the navigation sensors and performs all computations, control and
command functions. The control display unit provides the pilot interface for data input and
control functions, and provides display of functions, modes and flight data. Pictorial data is
displayed on the multifunctional displays. <0050>
The FMS consists of two flight management computers, located in the avionics
compartment, and two control display units located in the center console. The flight
management computers collect information from the navigation sensors and perform all
computations, control and command functions. The control display units provides the pilot
interface for data input and control functions, and provides display of functions, modes and
flight data. Pictorial data is displayed on the multifunctional displays. <0024>
A portable data loader is used to transfer data to and from the FMS and maintenance
diagnostic computer (MDC).
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
A data loader, installed on the forward bulkhead behind the galley, is used to transfer data to
and from the FMS and maintenance diagnostic computer (MDC). <0018>
The system uses all available sensors and provides the pilot with control of which sensors
are used in the position computation. If no sensor data is available, the system continues to
estimate a dead reckoning position using heading and true airspeed.
NOTE
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0050> <0024>
CDU 1 CDU 2
EFIS
(MFD)
FMC 1 FMC 2
<0050> <0024>
IAPS
MCD
DATA EXTERNAL
LOADER SYSTEMS
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
VERTICAL
BRIGHTNESS INDICATES FIRST
POSITION PAGE TITLE
CONTROL OF THREE PAGES
ADJUST
(Blank if only
one page exist)
LINE SELECT
KEYS
(12 PLACES)
SIX
LABEL--DATA
LINE PAIRS
SCRATCHPAD
ANNUNCIATION
LINE PAIRS
FUNCTION
KEYS
DATE
ENTRY
KEYS
PLUS--MINUS CLEAR
SPACE DELETE
KEY Control Display Unit KEY
KEY KEY
Center Pedestal (Upper)
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite navigation system that computes the
position of the aircraft relative to orbiting satellites. The GPS provides highly accurate
three-dimensional position, velocity and time information to the integrated avionics processor
system (IAPS). The FMS control display units provides the pilots with access to GPS data
and control settings. GPS information is displayed on the multifunctional displays.
The GPS consists of a receiver and antenna. The antenna supplies signals to the receiver
which processes the signals and supplies continuous navigation updates to the attitude
heading reference system (AHRS) and to the flight management system (FMS) The FMS
uses the GPS and other available navigation and position sensors to provide navigation,
position information and guidance.<0047>
The GPS consists of a receiver and antenna. The antenna supplies signals to the receiver
which processes the signals and supplies continuous navigation updates to the inertial
reference system (IRS) and to the flight management system (FMS) The FMS uses the
GPS and other available navigation and position sensors to provide navigation, position
information and guidance.<0025><0047>
The GPS consists of two receivers and two antennas. The antennas supply signals to their
respective receivers which process the signals and supply continuous navigation updates to
the attitude heading reference system (AHRS) and to the flight management system (FMS)
The FMS uses the GPS and other available navigation and position sensors to provide
navigation, position information and guidance.<0027>
The GPS consists of two receivers and two antennas. The antennas supply signals to their
respective receivers which process the signals and supply continuous navigation updates to
the inertial reference system (IRS) and to the flight management system (FMS) The FMS
uses the GPS and other available navigation and position sensors to provide navigation,
position information and guidance.<0025><0027>
The GPS employs 24 satellites, with each satellite transmitting time and orbital position
signals. The receiver decodes the signals and computes time, range, and position of the
aircraft and other navigation parameters. The GPS satellites are controlled by a master
control station in Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA. The receiver is a fifteen--channel unit
that is capable of tracking up to twelve satellites but must track at least four satellites to
measure the corresponding ranges.
The FMS control display unit provides the pilots with access to GPS data and control
settings. GPS information is displayed on the multifunctional displays.
NOTE
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
ANTENNA ANTENNA
CBP--1 CBP--3
G--11 H--13
GPS GPS
<0027> <0027>
1 2
28 VDC 28 VDC
BUS 1 BUS 1
MOD BRT
SEC MDCU
INDEX FIX LEGS VNAV EXEC
FPLN MENU
4 5 6 P Q R S T
<0025>
7 8 9 U V W X Y
· 0 +/-- Z SP DEL / CLR
IRS
<0027>
AHRS
IAPS FMS
ALT AID
ADC 1
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0025>
Status of other LRN equipment:
Dual IRS installation shown. Data displayed
is dependent upon current mode of the
navigation equipment.
<0025>
<0027>
GPS Status
<0047> GPS Position (LAT/LONG).
Track and speed (TRK/SPD).
<0027> Mode of operation and number of satellites
tracked.
RAIM accuracy limit (also known as
Horizontal Integrity Limit (HIL).
Measured accuracy limit (also known as
Horizontal Uncertainty Limit (HUL).
Multifunction Display
<0024>
<0050>
<0027> <0025>
<0047>
GPS Status <0027>
The position difference (POS DIFF) is in the format
of radial / distance.
GPS use / availability (USE) by the FMS is indicated
by either a YES, NO or DIS. YES indicates that the
FMS is using that GPS information in the
computation of its present position. NO indicates
that the error between the calculated FMS position
and the GPS source is too great and the FMS has
chosen to disregard the input. DIS indicates that the Multifunction Display
crew has chosen to disable the inputs from the GPS.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
1. VHF NAVIGATION
There are two VHF navigation systems installed on the aircraft. The systems are identified
as VHF/NAV 1 and VHF/NAV 2. The systems provide the following functions:
: Localizer/glideslope (LOC/GS)
Frequency tuning and mode selection can be done by two radio tuning units, a single
backup tuning unit or by the FMS control display unit. The radio tuning units (RTU’s) are the
primary radio communication system radio tuning source. (Refer to Chapter 5,
Communications, for information on the radios and backup tuning unit).
: VOR frequencies -- All even frequencies from 108.00 to 111.90 MHz and all frequencies
from 112.00 to 117.95
The NAV receivers monitor the selected VOR stations and provide enroute and terminal
area navigation. The VOR data is displayed on the pilots and copilots PFD and MFD.
In LOC and GS modes, the NAV receivers supply final approach guidance data. Localizer
signals are monitored for horizontal deviation and glideslope signals are monitored for
vertical deviation. When the navigation receiver is tuned to a localizer frequency, the paired
glideslope frequency is automatically tuned. The LOC/GS data is displayed on the pilots
and copilots PFD and MFD.
The Marker Beacon (MB) system provides information on distance to the runway. The MB
antennas receive signals from the outer, middle and inner MB ground transmitters. The
signals are then supplied to the receivers. MB information is displayed on the pilots and
copilots PFD. MB sensitivity can be adjusted at the radio tuning units.
The VHF/NAV system also supplies VOR/LOC and MB station identification to the audio
integrating system.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
VHF Navigation
G/S
MKR MKR
VOR/LOC
COUPLER
CH A
CH B
RTU 1
CONT
VHF 1
ONLY
CONT
INTEGRATED
AVIONICS
PROCESSOR
SYSTEM
GROUND PROXIMITY
WARNING SYSTEM
STANDBY ATTITUDE
DIRECTOR (GS/LOC)
INDICATOR
HEAD--UP GUIDANCE
SYSTEM <0026>
MKR MKR
VOR/LOC AUDIO SYSTEM VOR/LOC
DC DC
ESS BUS 2
D6 H9
FMS
<0024><0050>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0012> <0012>
NAV Key
Push key once to directly Tuning Window
tune active frequency
with tuning knobs.
Push key twice to select
NAV main page. Tuning Knob
MK--HI Indicator
Displayed when marker
sensitivity is selected
Radio Tuning Unit -- Top Level Page
high.
Center Pedestal
<0024><0050>
AUT Indicator
Displayed when
automatic tuning of the
navigation radios is
selected on the FMS.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
VHF Navigation
1 -- NAV -- 2
Press to monitor 1 -- MKR -- 2
navigation receiver. Press to monitor
When lit, rotate to marker beacon signals.
increase volume. When lit, rotate to
Press again to increase volume.
deselect navigation Press again to deselect
receiver audio. marker beacon signals.
PA PA PA
PA PA NAV SOURCE
<0040> Used to select
navigation source.
Clockwise rotation
will be FMS1,
VOR/LOC1, OFF,
VOR/LOC2 and
BRG
FMS2.
Used to select next
waypoint that
bearing pointer will
indicate direction to.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0015>
Bearing Source
Indicates navigation source Primary Flight Display Bearing Pointers
selected to obtain bearings. Pilot’s and Copilot’s Instrument Panels Indicates direction of
Single lined (bearing No. 1) selected bearing.
is magenta. Double lined Single lined (bearing No. 1)
(bearing No. 2) is cyan. is magenta. Double lined
(bearing No. 2) is cyan.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
VHF Navigation
<0015>
Navigation Source
Indicator
Indicates navigation
source setting of
navigation source knob
on display control panel.
Primary Flight Display
Pilot’s and Copilot’s Instrument Panels
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0015>
GS
LOC
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
VHF Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
The automatic direction finder (ADF) system is a dual, low frequency radio system
GHVLJQDWHG DV $') DQG $') The ADF system is used to indicate relative bearing from
the aircraft to a selected ground station.
: ADF mode -- Functions as a direction finder indicating bearing to station and outputs
an aural tone
: Tone mode -- Allows identification of keyed continuous wave (CW) signals by using
a 1000--Hz aural output circuit.
Frequency tuning and ADF mode selections is made through the radio tuning units. Station
audio is controlled through the audio control panels.
Frequency tuning can also be made on the FMS control display unit. <0024><0050>
NOTE
Bearing selection is made on the pilot and copilot display control panels and the
bearing--to--station data is displayed on the HSI portion of the pilots and copilots primary
flight display (PFD) and on the multifunctional display (MFD), in HSI, navaid sector and
present position map formats.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
ANTENNA ANTENNA
PTT
<0011>
HF
<0060>
PORT A
PORT A
X--TALK
ADF PORT B PORT B ADF
1 2
DC DC
ESS BUS 2
CBP4--D4 CBP2--H7
<0015> <0015>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0012> <0012>
ADF Key
Push key once to directly <0024><0050>
tune active frequency
with tuning knobs. Tuning Window
Push key twice to select
ADF main page. Tuning Knob
ADF Frequency
Readout (green)
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
1 -- ADF -- 2
Press to monitor selected
ADF receiver. When lit,
rotate to increase volume.
Press again to deselect
ADF receiver audio.
PA PA PA
PA PA
<0040>
BRG
Used to select next
waypoint that
bearing pointer will
indicate direction to.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0015>
Bearing Source
Indicates navigation source Primary Flight Display Bearing Pointers
selected to obtain bearings. Pilot’s and Copilot’s Instrument Panels Indicates direction of
Single lined (bearing No. 1) selected bearing.
is magenta. Double lined Single lined (bearing No. 1)
(bearing No. 2) is cyan. is magenta. Double lined
(bearing No. 2) is cyan.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
There are two identical distance measuring equipment (DME) systems installed in the
aircraft. The DME system computes and displays the straight line distance between the
aircraft and a selected DME ground station. The DME system also provides ground speed,
time to station and station identification.
There are two DME transceivers installed in the avionics compartment that operate in the
frequency range of 962 to 1213 MHz with a range of 300 nautical miles at 30,000 feet. Each
transceiver has three channels and can track up to three stations simultaneously. Channel 1
of each DME is paired with the onside VOR and can be manually tuned by either the radio
tuning units, or backup tuning unit.
The DME transceiver is also tuned automatically by the FMS through the RTU. If Autotune
is selected on the control display unit, the FMS will automatically tune VOR/DME channel 1.
<0024><0050>
The DME transceivers interrogate the ground station at regular intervals. The ground station
sends replies with a signal that is above or below the airborne DME frequency by 63 MHz.
When a reply is received by the DME, it measures the elapsed time between the transmitted
signal and the reply, then computes the slant distance, ground speed and time--to--go to the
ground station.
The DME hold function splits the paired tuning between DME and VHF navigation systems
to enable independent operation. The DME hold function holds the DME transceiver to the
current VHF navigation frequency and permits the VHF navigation receiver to be
independently tuned. The DME frequency can also be tuned independently while the VHF
navigation receiver is kept at the current frequency.
Frequency tuning and DME hold selections are through the radio tuning units. The DME
frequency channels are paired with the VHF navigation channels. The frequency selection
is done with the pilot’s or copilot’s RTUs in the frequency range of 108.00 to 117.95 MHz.
Station audio is monitored through the audio control panels. Visual indications of tuned
stations, distance readouts and DME hold indications are provided on the primary flight
displays and multifunctional displays.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
DME 1 DME 2
TRANSCEIVER TRANSCEIVER
TCAS
ATC 1
ATC 2
PORT A
PORT A
DME DME
1 X--TALK 2
DC PORT B PORT B DC
BUSS 1 BUS 2
CBP1--H10 CBP2--H10
<0024><0050>
<0015> <0015>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0012> <0012>
DME--H
Holds DME to current NAV
frequency and allows NAV
receiver to be independently
re--tuned.
Tuning Knob
NAV Key
Push key twice Radio Tuning Unit -- Top Level Page
to select NAV Center Pedestal
main page.
<0024><0050>
Frequency Change Key
Push key once to directly tune
DME transceiver with tuning knob.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
PA
1 -- DME -- 2
<0008> <0011> <0014>
Press to monitor selected
DME transceiver. When lit,
rotate to increase volume.
Press again to deselect
DME station identification
audio.
PA
Distance Readout
Indicates distance to tuned
navaid or next waypoint, in
nautical miles. Color matches
navigation source.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
BRT
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
The two air traffic control transponders (ATC 1 and ATC 2) provide ground radar beacon
systems with coded identification responses in the following modes:
: Mode Select (S) -- Data link with other mode S transponders for the traffic alert and
collision avoidance system (TCAS).
Mode S data link includes air-to-air, ground-to-air (data uplink or comm A), air-to-ground
(data downlink or comm B), and multisite (ground station to ground station) messages. The
transponder code range is from 0000 to 7777, selectable through the RTU’s.
<0012>
1 RTU 2
C
O
M
ATC SEL RTU 1
INHIB
RTU 2
INHIB
Used to select ATC transponders. N
A
1 -- ATC 1 transponder is activated INHIBIT PUSH V
standby. 1 2 SBY
Transponder codes are set on the top level page of the radio tuning units and can also be
set using the FMS control display unit. ATC identification is selected using the IDENT button
on the RTU.
Altitude reporting selection is made on the ATC main page of the radio tuning unit.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0012> <0012>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
ATC 1 ATC 2
COORDINATION COORDINATION
UPPER & CONTROL & CONTROL UPPER
TCAS
SUPPRESSION IN/OUT
DME 1/2
CBP4--D5 CBP2--H8
DC DC
ATC ATC BUS
ESS SELECT SELECT
XPDR 1 XPDR 2 2
ALT
ADC 1
ADC 2 ALT
PORT A
PORT A
X--TALK
PORT B PORT B
RTU 1 RTU 2
LOWER OUTPUT IAPS OUTPUT LOWER
DATA DATA
<0024><0050>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0012> <0012>
Tuning Window (white)
IDENT
Pushed at ATC request; causes an
additional identification pattern on ATC
ground radar screen.
<0024><0050>
Transponder Code (green)
Turns white when selected to standby.
ATC Key
Push key once to tune frequency
with tuning knob. Push key twice to
select ATC main page.
Mode Messages (cyan)
STBY -- Both transponders are in
standby mode. Code turns white.
ALT OFF -- Mode C selected off.
ID -- Identification has been selected.
Radio Tuning Unit -- Top Level Page R -- Transponder is responding to an
Center Pedestal interrogation.
TUNING KNOB
Altitude Reporting
Used to turn altitude reporting
feature on and off. Selected
setting is displayed in cyan.
Reported Altitude
<0094>
<0094>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
Mode S also has the capability to display either a 4--digit squawk code or the flight
identification (FLT ID) on line 4 of the RTU Top Level Page. Selection of either the squawk
code or the FLT ID for display on the Top Level Page is made on the ATC Main Page.
To access the ATC Main Page from the Top Level Page, the ATC Line Select Key is pressed
twice. Once the Main Page is displayed, the DISPLAY Line Select Key is pressed to select
either the SQUAWK or FLT ID (the selected function will be displayed larger). The selected
function is then displayed on line 3 of the Main Page, line 4 of the Top Level Page and on
the FLT ID Page. To modify the squawk code or the FLT ID on the Top Level Page, the ATC
Line Select Key is pressed, which will cause a tune window to surround the left character.
The small Tuning Knob is then used to change the character displayed in the tune window.
The RTU then waits 2 seconds after knob rotation stops before locking in the new character.
Rotating the large tune knob cycles the tune window from character to character.
To access the FLIGHT ID Main Page from the ATC Main Page, the FLT ID key is pressed
twice. On the FLIGHT ID Main Page, the RTU displays an Active and Preset Flight ID. By
pressing the top right line--select key the ACTIVE and Preset FLT ID will swap when the tune
window is on a Preset Flight ID character.
The FMS can also display the FLIGHT ID on the ”RADIO TUNING PAGE” page 2 of 2,
adjacent to the top right line select key on the CDU. To input the FLIGHT ID data:
: Press the top right line select key on the CDU so that the selection box highlights the
FLIGHT ID information field.
: Input the FLT ID data, via the CDU keypad, where it will appear on the bottom left corner
of the page (in brackets).
: After the FLT ID has been inputted, press the top right line select key and check that the
proper FLT ID appears adjacent to the top right line select key.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0012> <0012>
<0024><0050>
ATC LINE
SELECT KEY
FLT ID KEY
DISPLAY TIME
SELECT KEY
<0094>
<0094>
<0094> <0094>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0012> <0012>
<0012> <0012>
<0008><0012><0014> <0094>
<0008><0014>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0012> <0012>
<0012> <0012>
<0008><0012><0014> <0094>
<0008><0014>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
The traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS) is an airborne system that
interrogates the air traffic control transponders of nearby aircraft to identify and display
potential and predicted collision threats. TCAS surveillance range is up to 40 nautical miles
and can detect and track up to 30 aircraft simultaneously. The system computes range,
bearing and closure rates of other transponder equipped aircraft.
A mode “S” Transponder provides air-to-air communications for coordinating the resolution
maneuvers between TCAS equipped aircraft. The TCAS system provides no indication of
traffic conflicts if the intruder aircraft is without an operative transponder.
TCAS provides symbology that depicts surrounding aircraft in terms of relative altitude,
range, clock position, and vertical rate. The flight compartment displays also provide data
on closure rates. The system displays four types of traffic.
The display control panels are used to activate TCAS and to set range display. Weather
radar data can be overlaid on the multifunctional display, in TCAS mode.
TCAS mode and altitude format are displayed on the top level page of the radio tuning units.
Testing and setting changes are made on the TCAS main page.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
System
<0026>
HEAD--UP
BRT GUIDANCE BRT
BRT SYSTEM
DIR
ANT
TCAS
TA/RA TA/RA
AIR/GROUND
PSEU LOGIC AURAL
WARNINGS EICAS
AURAL TA/RA (FDR)
GPWS PRIORITY
AHRS 2 HDG
IAPS
(MDC)
ATC 1 ATC 2
IAPS
ADC 1
ALT ALT
ADC 2
RTU 1 RTU 2
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
TFC (TCAS)
Used to directly select TCAS
traffic display on MFD.
<0040>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
System
<0012> <0012>
<0024><0050>
TCAS Key
Used to select TCAS main page.
Mode Selection
Used to select TCAS mode. Selected mode is displayed in cyan.
AUTO -- All advisories are displayed.
STBY -- All interrogations are inhibited.
TA ONLY -- Only traffic advisories are displayed.
Traffic Selection
Used to select traffic display
mode. Selected setting is
displayed in cyan.
ON -- Displays all
transponder traffic
(advisory, proximate and
others).
OFF -- Displays advisory
traffic only.
Altitude Range
Used to select surveillance
airspace relative to own air
plane altitude. Selected
setting is displayed in cyan.
ABOVE -- 9,900 feet above
and 2,700 feet below.
NORM -- 2,700 feet above
Radio Tuning Unit -- TCAS Main Page and below.
Center Pedestal BELOW -- 2,700 feet above
Altitude Format and 9,900 feet below.
Used to select altitude format.
REL -- Relative to own airplane altitude.
ABS -- Absolute with respect to barometric altitude.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
A. Traffic Advisory
The traffic advisory (TA) is issued to indicate the relative positions of intruding aircraft
that are about 40 seconds from the closest point of approach.
Traffic advisories are displayed on the MFD (in TCAS mode) and shows the relative
position of nearby ATC transponder equipped aircraft.
The traffic advisory allows the flight crew an opportunity to visually locate the intruding
aircraft. The advisory is always displayed on the PFDs or can be displayed on the
TCAS page of the MFD if selected from the display control panel.
TA ONLY (Traffic advisory only) will be displayed automatically when the aircraft is 1000
feet or below, and will revert to pre-selected mode automatically when the aircraft is
above 1000 feet.
B. Resolution Advisory
Resolution advisories (RA) will direct the flight crew to resolve a threat by executing an
aircraft maneuver that will increase separation. This occurs when the TCAS computer
predicts that the intruding aircraft is within about 25 seconds from the closest point of
approach.
Resolution advisories are displayed on the vertical speed indicator (VSI) portion of the
PFD. The VSI shows the appropriate vertical maneuver to avoid the threat. The VSI
provides vertical guidance to maintain safe vertical separation as follows:
: Corrective RAs -- Fly from the red zone to the green zone
NOTE
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
System
1 2 4
Resolution Advisory
Arc on vertical speed scale displays
0.0 collision avoidance instructions.
Red band -- Range to be avoided.
Green band -- Target range or
range to be maintained.
1 2 4
NOTE:
Vertical speed pointer and readout
turn red when a TCAS resolution
advisory is issued and speed is not
within corrective limits.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
System
C. Aural Warning
The system provides appropriate aural warnings to the flight crew when the TCAS
computer analysis of an aircraft signal predicts a penetration of TCAS protected
airspace. The voice warnings cannot be cancelled or reduced in volume.
: DESCEND, DESCEND
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
System
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
OR
The ground proximity warning system (GPWS) is used to help prevent accidents caused by
unsafe flight maneuvers in proximity of terrain or severe windshear. GPWS provides the
flight crew with aural alerts, messages and visual annunciations in the event that the
boundaries of the following alerting envelopes are exceeded:
The enhanced ground proximity warning system (EGPWS) is used to help prevent accidents
caused by unsafe flight maneuvers in proximity of terrain or severe windshear. EGPWS
provides the flight crew with aural alerts, messages and visual annunciations in the event
that the boundaries of the following alerting envelopes are exceeded: <0040>
: Mode 6 Callouts (descent below minimums, altitude callouts and bank angle alert)
Radar information is displayed on the multifunctional displays by pressing the RDR button
on the display control panel.
Radar or terrain information is displayed on the multifunctional displays by pressing the RDR
/ TERR button on the display control panel. <0040>
Mode 1 alerts are generated when the aircraft has an excessive descent rate close to
the terrain. Mode 1 has two boundaries. Penetration of outer boundary activates the
flashing GPWS lights and generates a SINKRATE, SINKRATE aural alert. Penetrating
the inner boundary activates the flashing GPWS lights and the repeated WHOOP,
WHOOP, PULL UP aural, until the inner warning boundary has been exited.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
Mode 1 is used for the approach phase of flight and is independent of the aircraft
configuration. Mode 1 alerts are generated when the aircraft has an excessive descent
rate close to the terrain. Mode 1 has two boundaries. Penetration of the outer
boundary activates the flashing GND PROX lights and generates a SINKRATE,
SINKRATE aural alert. Penetrating the inner boundary activates the flashing PULL UP
lights and the repeated WHOOP, WHOOP, PULL UP aural, until the inner warning
boundary has been exited. <0040>
Mode 2 alerts are generated when the aircraft is closing with terrain at an excessive
rate. Mode 2 has two sub-modes referred to as Mode 2A and Mode 2B. Mode 2A is
active during climbout, cruise, and initial approach (flaps not in landing configuration
and the aircraft is not on glideslope centerline). Penetrating the outer boundary
activates the GPWS lights and generates the TERRAIN, TERRAIN aural. Continued
penetration of the envelope will activate the GPWS lights and generate a repeated
WHOOP, WHOOP PULL UP aural.
Mode 2 alerts are generated when the aircraft is closing with terrain at an excessive
rate. Mode 2 has two sub-modes referred to as Mode 2A and Mode 2B. Mode 2A is
active during climbout, cruise, and initial approach (flaps not in landing configuration
and the aircraft is not on glideslope centerline). Penetrating the outer boundary
activates the GND PROX lights and generates the TERRAIN, TERRAIN aural.
Continued penetration of the envelope will activate the PULL UP lights and generate a
repeated WHOOP, WHOOP PULL UP aural.<0040>
Upon leaving the PULL UP warning area, if terrain clearance continues to decrease, the
TERRAIN aural will be generated until terrain clearance stops decreasing. The GPWS
lights will remain on until 300 feet of barometric altitude has been achieved, or 45
seconds has elapsed, or the GPWS FLAP OVRD has been selected, or the flaps are in
a landing configuration.
Upon leaving the PULL UP warning area, if terrain clearance continues to decrease, the
TERRAIN aural will be generated until terrain clearance stops decreasing. The GND
PROX lights will remain on until 300 feet of barometric altitude has been achieved, or
45 seconds has elapsed, or the GND PROX FLAP OVRD has been selected, or the
flaps are in a landing configuration. <0040>
Mode 2B is activated when flaps are in landing configuration, when making an ILS
approach with glideslope and localizer deviation less than 2 dots, and for the first 60
seconds after take-off. Penetration of the Mode 2B boundary with either gear or flaps
not in a landing configuration, activates the GPWS lights and generates a TERRAIN,
TERRAIN aural. If the aircraft continues to penetrate the boundary the GPWS lights
are activated and a WHOOP, WHOOP PULL UP aural is repeated until the warning
envelope is exited.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
Mode 2B is activated when flaps are in landing configuration, when making an ILS
approach with glideslope and localizer deviation less than 2 dots, and for the first 60
seconds after take-off. Penetration of the Mode 2B boundary with either gear or flaps
not in a landing configuration, activates the GND PROX lights and generates a
TERRAIN, TERRAIN aural. If the aircraft continues to penetrate the boundary the
PULL UP lights are activated and a WHOOP, WHOOP PULL UP aural is repeated until
the warning envelope is exited. <0040>
If the aircraft penetrates the Mode 2B boundary with both gear and flaps in a landing
configuration, the GPWS lights are activated and a TERRAIN aural is repeated until the
envelope is exited.
If the aircraft penetrates the Mode 2B boundary with both gear and flaps in a landing
configuration, the GND PROX lights are activated and a TERRAIN aural is repeated
until the envelope is exited.<0040>
Mode 3 provides alerts when the aircraft loses a significant amount of altitude after
take-off, or low altitude go-around with gear or flaps not in a landing configuration. The
amount of altitude loss permitted before an alert is generated depends on the height of
the aircraft above the terrain.
The alert activates the GPWS lights and generates a DON’T SINK, DON’T SINK aural.
The DON’T SINK, DON’T SINK aural is only repeated if the altitude loss continues. The
GPWS lights will go out once a positive rate of climb is achieved.
The alert activates the GND PROX lights and generates a DON’T SINK, DON’T SINK
aural. The DON’T SINK, DON’T SINK aural is only repeated if the altitude loss
continues. The GND PROX lights will go out once a positive rate of climb is achieved.
<0040>
Mode 4 provides alerts for insufficient terrain clearance with respect to phase of flight,
configuration and speed. Mode 4 has three sub-modes referred to as Mode 4A, Mode
4B and Mode 4C.
Mode 4A is active during cruise and approach with the gear and flaps not in the landing
configuration. The boundary for Mode 4A is 500 feet radio altitude and increases
linearly with airspeed, to a maximum of 1000 feet radio altitude. If the envelope is
penetrated at less than 190 knots, the GPWS lights flash and the TOO LOW GEAR
aural alert is generated. If the envelope is penetrated at more than 190 knots, the
GPWS lights flash and a TOO LOW TERRAIN aural alert is generated.
Mode 4A is active during cruise and approach with the gear and flaps not in the landing
configuration. The boundary for Mode 4A is 500 feet radio altitude and increases
linearly with airspeed, to a maximum of 1000 feet radio altitude. If the envelope is
penetrated at less than 190 knots, the GND PROX lights flash and the TOO LOW
GEAR aural alert is generated. If the envelope is penetrated at more than 190 knots,
the GND PROX lights flash and a TOO LOW TERRAIN aural alert is generated. <0040>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
Mode 4B is active during cruise and approach, with gear down and flaps not in the
landing configuration. The boundary for Mode 4B is 245 feet radio altitude and
increases linearly with airspeed, to a maximum of 1000 feet radio altitude. If the
envelope is penetrated at less than 159 knots, the GPWS lights flash and the TOO
LOW FLAPS aural is generated. The flight crew may override the TOO LOW FLAPS
alert by selecting the GPWS FLAP OVRD. If the envelope is penetrated at more than
159 knots, the GND PROX lights flash and the TOO LOW TERRAIN aural alert is
generated.
Mode 4B is active during cruise and approach, with gear down and flaps not in the
landing configuration. The boundary for Mode 4B is 245 feet radio altitude and
increases linearly with airspeed, to a maximum of 1000 feet radio altitude. If the
envelope is penetrated at less than 159 knots, the GND PROX lights flash and the TOO
LOW FLAPS aural is generated. The flight crew may override the TOO LOW FLAPS
alert by selecting the GND PROX FLAP OVRD. If the envelope is penetrated at more
than 159 knots, the GND PROX lights flash and the TOO LOW TERRAIN aural alert is
generated. <0040>
Mode 4C is active during the take-off phase with either gear or flaps not in the landing
configuration. Mode 4C alerts the pilot when the terrain is rising more steeply than the
aircraft is climbing. Mode 4C is based upon a minimum terrain clearance floor, that
increases with radio altitude. If the aircraft radio altitude decreases to the value of the
minimum terrain clearance floor, the GPWS lights flash and the TOO LOW TERRAIN
aural is generated.
Mode 4C is active during the take-off phase with either gear or flaps not in the landing
configuration. Mode 4C alerts the pilot when the terrain is rising more steeply than the
aircraft is climbing. Mode 4C is based upon a minimum terrain clearance floor, that
increases with radio altitude. If the aircraft radio altitude decreases to the value of the
minimum terrain clearance floor, the GND PROX lights flash and the TOO LOW
TERRAIN aural is generated. <0040>
The GPWS lights will continue to flash until the alert envelope is exited. Subsequent
alerts will only occur if the envelope penetration increases by 20%.
The GND PROX lights will continue to flash until the alert envelope is exited.
Subsequent alerts will only occur if the envelope penetration increases by 20%. <0040>
Mode 5 provides two levels of alerting during airplane descents below the glideslope on
front course ILS approaches.
The first alert level occurs when the aircraft is more than 1.3 dots below the glideslope
and is called a “soft” alert. The GPWS lights flash and the GLIDESLOPE aural is
generated at approximately one half the volume of other aurals.
The first alert level occurs when the aircraft is more than 1.3 dots below the glideslope
and is called a “soft” alert. The GND PROX lights flash and the GLIDESLOPE aural is
generated at approximately one half the volume of other aurals. <0040>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
The second alert level occurs when the aircraft is below 300 feet radio altitude and is
more than 2 dots below the glideslope and is called a “hard” alert. The GPWS lights
flash and the GLIDESLOPE aural is generated at the normal aural volume.
The second alert level occurs when the aircraft is below 300 feet radio altitude and is
more than 2 dots below the glideslope and is called a “hard” alert. The GND PROX
lights flash and the GLIDESLOPE aural is generated at the normal aural volume. <0040>
The GPWS lights will go out once the glideslope deviation is less than 1.3 dots.
The GND PROX lights will go out once the glideslope deviation is less than 1.3 dots.
<0040>
Mode 5 can be inhibited by pushing either GPWS / G/S light while the aircraft is below
1000 feet radio altitude. Modes 1 through 4 aurals have priority over Mode 5 aurals.
Mode 5 can be inhibited by pushing either PULL UP / GND PROX light while the aircraft
is below 2000 feet radio altitude. Modes 1 through 4 aurals have priority over Mode 5
aurals. <0040>
F. Mode 6 -- Callouts
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Excessive bank angle alerting is a function of roll angle with respect to altitude
above ground level. Upon penetration of the alert envelope boundaries, the
BANK ANGLE, BANK ANGLE aural is generated. The aural is issued once, and
only repeated if the roll angle increases by 20%. <0040>
Page 54
Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
Mode 7 monitors for windshear conditions during take-off and final approach between
radio altitudes of 10 to 1500 feet.
Windshear cautions and warnings are triggered for tail wind and down draft conditions.
Windshear warnings generate a siren, a WINDSHEAR, WINDSHEAR, WINDSHEAR
aural and a red WINDSHEAR warning on the primary flight displays (PFDs).
Windshear alerts are triggered for headwind and updraft conditions. Windshear alerts
generate an amber WINDSHEAR alert on the PFDs.
Flight director command bars provide escape guidance automatically when a windshear
warning occurs or when the TOGA (take-off/go-around) switch(s) on the thrust levers
are pressed. Pitch limit indicators (alpha-margin indicators) will appear on both primary
flight displays for a windshear warning or alert.
The autopilot is automatically disengaged two seconds after windshear warning (if the
autopilot is not already disengaged). During those two seconds, the autopilot will follow
the windshear escape guidance.
Windshear warnings take priority over all other aural alerts and warnings, except a stall
warning.
Page 55
Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0040>
TEST/GS CANCEL
PULL UP PULL UP
GND GND
PROX PROX
WARNINGS
WINDSHEAR DISCRETES &
ALERTS
WINDSHEAR
ADC 2 TAS/VS/ALT DISCRETES
LAT/LONG
IAPS
GND TRK/SPEED
<0015>
FLAP POS
SPS AOA
RAD ALTs
AHRS 2 ACC/ATT
AUDIO
PRIORITY TCAS
<0040>
CB1--A15
TERRAIN INHIBIT AC BUS 1
GPWS
GND PROX
WARN
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
Windshear Message
Flashes (amber) then comes on steady to
indicate that the airplane is entering an increasing
performance windshear condition.
Flashes (red) then comes on steady to indicate that a
severe decreasing performance windshear condition has
been encountered. Accompanied by aural warning.
(SIREN)
WINDSHEAR
WINDSHEAR
WINDSHEAR
<0015>
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The terrain awareness alerting function uses airplane geographical position, aircraft
altitude, and a terrain database to predict potential conflicts between the aircraft flight
path and the terrain.
Terrain data is displayed on the multifunctional displays by pressing RDR / TERR on the
display control panel. The terrain display can be overlaid on the multifunctional display
in navaid sector and present position map formats. The terrain display is depicted as
variable density dot patterns in green, yellow or red. The density and colour are a
function of how close the terrain is relative to airplane altitude. When the conditions for
either a terrain awareness caution or warning are detected, the terrain display
automatically “pops-up” on both multifunctional displays and the range defaults to
10nm. Terrain more than 2000 feet below the airplane, or within 400 feet (vertical) of
the nearest runway elevation is not displayed.
When the airplane penetrates the caution envelope boundary, the GND PROX lights
flash and the CAUTION TERRAIN, CAUTION TERRAIN aural is generated. Terrain
caution areas are shown in solid yellow on the terrain display.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
When the aircraft penetrates the warning envelope boundary, the PULL UP lights flash
and the TERRAIN, TERRAIN, PULL UP aural is generated. Terrain warning areas are
shown in solid red on the terrain display.
Peaks mode allows terrain below the aircraft to be viewed on the terrain display during
cruise flight. At altitudes safely above all terrain for the display range chosen, the
terrain is displayed, independent of aircraft altitude, emphasizing the highest and lowest
elevations to provide increased situational awareness in the event of unplanned decent
or enroute deviation and for previewing terrain prior to decent.
Two elevation numbers indicating the highest and lowest terrain currently being
displayed are overlaid on the display. The elevation numbers indicate terrain in
hundreds of feet above sea level (MSL).
Terrain clearance floor is an increasing terrain clearance envelope around the nearest
runway directly related to the distance from that runway. Terrain clearance floor alerts
are based upon current airplane position, nearest runway centre point position, radio
altitude, and a database of hard-surfaced runways whose length is greater than 3500
feet. Terrain clearance floor compliments Mode 4 alerts by covering insufficient terrain
clearance even when in a landing configuration.
Penetration of the alert envelope activates the GND PROX lights and generates a TOO
LOW TERRAIN aural. The aural will occur once upon initial envelope penetration and
one time thereafter for each 20% degradation in altitude. The GND PROX lights remain
on until the aircraft exits the alert envelope.
Page 59
Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
TERRAIN TGT
UTC 11:42 TAS 250 GS 254 SAT 12 C TAT --15 C
VOR1 CRS 350 FMS1 DTK 030
CID 30.0NM YUL 9999 NM
TTG 1:59 TTG :13
340
270\30 33 N
30
3
ALO
200 CID
DBQ
100
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
The weather radar system provides the flight crew with X--band color display of radar
detectable precipitation and ground mapping along the aircraft’s flight path. System range is
up to 320 nautical miles and up to 60 degrees on either side of the aircraft’s flight path. The
weather radar control panel provides control of the following:
: Antenna elevation control (ġ15E) in either automatic tilt or manual tilt (0.25E
increments)
The display control panel is used to select the weather radar format on the multifunctional
displays (MFDs). The weather radar data can also be overlaid in navaid sector, present
position map and TCAS modes.
Split scan operation enables both pilots to control the radar display on their respective
MFDs. Each side will operate independently, except that either pilot can control the sector
scan of both displays. In split scan operation, the clockwise sweep of the antenna updates
the pilot’s display and the counterclockwise sweep updates the copilot”s display. If one side
is turned off, the system reverts to single scan operation. <0028>
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
<0028>
RADAR CONTROL PANEL 1 RADAR CONTROL PANEL 2
REMOTE REMOTE
ON/OFF ON/OFF
MODES MODES
CB1--K4 CB1--K5
DC BUS DC BUS
1 1
DISPLAY WEATHER RADAR DISPLAY WEATHER RADAR
CONTROL PANEL 1 CONT 1 CONTROL PANEL 2 CONT 2
MODES
<0040> <0040>
RANGE
FORMAT
MULTI-- MULTI--
FUNCTION FUNCTION
DISPLAY 1 DISPLAY 2
BRT BRT
RTA UNIT
RADAR
VIDEO
IAPS
CB1--K3
MODES DC BUS
RANGE 1
FORMAT WEATHER
RADAR R/T
Page 64
Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
XFR
Used to transfer control of display range to
opposite side display control panel. STAB
Controlling side range values are displayed Used to deselect radar stabilization
in white and non--controlling side values are by disconnecting attitude reference
displayed in yellow. signal in the event of an attitude
<0028> Used to transfer control to opposite side system failure.
radar control panel and display control
SEC panel. Controlling side range values are
TILT
Used to select 30 displayed in white and non--controlling side
Used to change antenna tilt
sector scan instead of values are displayed in yellow.
up or down angle for desired
the normal 60 sector
radar scanning. Tilt limits are
scan. Display refresh
15 .
or update rate doubles.
Page 65
Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
Receiver Gain
Readout (cyan)
Indicates gain selected
at GAIN switch:
G--1, G--2, G--3 --
Indicates progressive
decreased gain as USTB (amber)
GAIN knob is rotated Turns (cyan) when Weather
counterclockwise. radar stabilization deselected.
G+1, G+2, G+3 --
Indicates progressive The readout is prefixed
increased gain as GAIN by a ”T”. Suffixed by an
knob is rotated “”A” if auto--tilt is selected.
clockwise.
Azimuth Tick Mark
(cyan)
(at 30--degree intervals)
Range Readout
(cyan)
Indicates range
selected on display
control panel.
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
The colors used on the radar display to represent rainfall intensity are as follows:
Page 67
Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
Range (white)
Indicates range as
selected on display 160
Range Arcs (white)
control panel. Indicates range increments.
Marks placed at 30 intervals.
Radar Returns 80
Indicates rainfall
intensity or ground DCP 2
targets. A yellow arc is Dynamic Sweep Mark (cyan)
displayed when the Represents position of weather
RADAR FAULT RADAR CONTROL FAULT
radar cannot accurately RADAR NOT AT THIS RANGE radar antenna.
determine rainfall
levels.
RADAR FAULT (cyan)
Internal fault detected.
Multifunction Display -- Weather Radar Mode
Pilot’s and Copilot’s Instrument Panels
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Canadair Regional Jet 100/200 - Navigation
Page 69