GAS DETECTOR

INTRODUCTION

A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of
a safety system. This type of equipment is used to detect a gas leak or other emissions and
can interface with a control system so a process can be automatically shut down. A gas
detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is occurring, giving
them the opportunity to leave. This type of device is important because there are many
gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals.

Gas detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases,
and oxygen depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in
locations, such as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacture processes and emerging
technologies such as photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.

Gas leak detection is the process of identifying potentially hazardous gas leaks by
sensors. These sensors usually employ an audible alarm to alert people when a dangerous
gas has been detected. Exposure to toxic gases can also occur in operations such as
painting, fumigation, fuel filling, construction, excavation of contaminated soils, landfill
operations, entering confined spaces, etc. Common sensors include combustible gas
sensors, photoionization detectors, infrared point sensors, ultrasonic
sensors, electrochemical gas sensors, and semiconductor sensors. More recently, infrared
imaging sensors have come into use. All of these sensors are used for a wide range of
applications and can be found in industrial plants, refineries, pharmaceutical
manufacturing, fumigation facilities, paper pulp mills, aircraft and shipbuilding facilities,
hazmat operations, waste-water treatment facilities, vehicles, indoor air quality testing
and homes.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED :

1. MQ3 sensor

2. Arduino UNO

3. Bread board

4. Male and Female Jumper wires

5. Red and Green LED

6. Buzzer

7. Resistor
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PROCEDURE

1. MQ3 sensor consists of 6’pins respectively, from which only 4’pins are considered for
further connections.

2. Pins are Vcc, Gnd, A0, and D0.D0 pin is not used in this experiment.

3. A0 is connected to A5 of the arduino, Vcc is connected to the +5V of the arduino, Gnd
is connected to Gnd of the arduino.

4. One pin of red LED is connected to pin 12th of the arduino and other pin is grounded
with the help of bread board.

5. One pin of green LED is connected to pin 11th of the arduino and other pin is
grounded.

6. One pin of buzzer is connected to pin 10th of the arduino and other pin is grounded

7. Arduino is connected to the USB port of PC .

8. With the help of embedded C programe using it in arduino software,dump the

programe in ardiuno .

THEORY
Make the connections as per the procedure, take a gas source which can produce a toxic
gas .And make the sensor to sense the gas .With respect to the threshold value the output
is generated. If the gas concentration in environment is more than the threshold value the
red LED is glown and the buzzer is alarmed. If the concentration is less than the threshold
value green LED is glown.

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 GAS DETECTOR

MQ-3 SENSOR

The working principle behind the MQ-3 gas sensor is as follows: The sensor has a
sensitive filament made of SnO2. In the presence of clean air, this filament tends to have
lower electrical conductivity. When a combustible gas such as LPG is introduced, the
filament’s conductivity rises, and the amount of change in it’s conductance/resistance can
be used to indicate the equivalent gas concentration. This effect tends to be particularly
pronounced at higher temperatures, and resistive heating element is present as well. SnO2
is particularly sensitive to Methane, Butane and Propane, but is also sensitive to other
combustible gases as well.

SPECIFICATION OF MQ-3 SENSOR:

 Detection Gas: Alcohol Gas.

 Concentration: 0.4mg/L – 4mg/L.
 Supply Voltage: <24V.
 Heater Voltage: 5.0V ± 0.2V (High), 1.5V ± 0.1V (Low)
 Load Resistance: Adjustable.
 Heater Resistance: 31Ω ± 3Ω
 Heater Consumption: <900mW.

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The working of the MQ-3 sensor can be explained using Pic 1. The heating coil H is in
contact with the SnO2 filament. In the presence of clean air, the resistance across the
heating coil does not vary, but when a combustible gas is present, the resistance of the
SnO2 filament drops, which results in a corresponding rise in Output Voltage (Vout), and
this output voltage can be measured to indicate the concentration of any combustible gas
that is present.

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GAS DETECTOR

ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino

consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as
a microcontroller) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical
board.

The Arduino platform has become quite popular with people just starting out with
electronics, and for good reason. Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, the
Arduino does not need a separate piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to
load new code onto the board -- you can simply use a USB cable. Additionally, the
Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.
Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks out the functions of the
micro-controller into a more accessible package.

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GAS DETECTOR

GAS DETECTOR

CODE DESCRIPTION

‘Gas value’ is a variable which gets the analog data from the sensor pin. Once the data is
received, it is printed on the serial monitor using values in decimal below 400 and
indicates no gas leak is detected and above 400 indicates leakage of gas. When the gas is
detected, the value is given as input to the led Pin (buzzer) and it glows for 100ms and
goes off for 100ms, and this continues unless the power is on. Here the led (buzzer) is
used as indication of alarm or alert message.

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GAS DETECTOR

CODE:
/*******

All the resources for this project:

https://www.hackster.io/Aritro

*******/

intredLed=12;
intgreenLed=11;
intbuzzer=10;
intsmokeA0=A5;
// Your threshold value
intsensorThres=400;

voidsetup(){
pinMode(redLed,OUTPUT);
pinMode(greenLed,OUTPUT);
pinMode(buzzer,OUTPUT);
pinMode(smokeA0,INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

voidloop(){
intanalogSensor=analogRead(smokeA0);

Serial.print("Pin A0: ");

Serial.println(analogSensor);
// Checks if it has reached the threshold value
if(analogSensor>sensorThres)
{
digitalWrite(redLed,HIGH);
digitalWrite(greenLed,LOW);
tone(buzzer,1000,200);
}
else
{
digitalWrite(redLed,LOW);
digitalWrite(greenLed,HIGH);
noTone(buzzer);
}
delay(100);
}

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GAS DETECTOR

OUTPUT:

The serial monitor shows:

Pin A0:233

Pin A0:243

Pin A0:253

Pin A0:256

Pin A0:259

Pin A0:263

Pin A0:279

Pin A0:323

Pin A0:373

Pin A0:392

Pin A0:403

ADVANTAGES
 There are many applications for toxic, flammable, and asphyxiant gas detection.
Manufacturing processes around the world increasingly involve the manufacturing
and byproduct of these types of gases. Workers and residents nearby these
processes are in danger of exposure and require reliable gas detection to keep
them safe.
 It has simple construction.
 It is easy to operate in the absence of oxygen.
 It has very wide measurement range.

REFERENCES:

 www.circuitstoday.com.
 https://wisense.wordpress.com.

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