Judicial Dispute Resolution

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Judicial Dispute Resolution (JDR): As an Innovative Mode of Dispute Resolution

Atty. Salvador S. Panga, Jr


Judicial dispute resolution (JDR), as implemented in the Philippines, is a process
by which a judge attempts to facilitate settlement between parties undergoing litigation
after a similar effort by a court appointed mediator has failed. Traditionally, judges have
been seen as stern, aloof and impartial dispensers of justice acting in accordance with a
strict, rights-based adversarial system. The JDR program marks a radical departure
from this concept, recasting the role of judges from magistrates to mediators, placing
greater emphasis on value creation, joint problem-solving, option generation and the
improvement of the parties’ relationship, than on the ascertainment of the parties’
respective rights and obligations.
The JDR program has experienced considerable success and acceptance before
the first-level courts, and considering the strong stakeholder support for its expansion
beyond the pilot areas, the team recommends that it continue to be fully implemented in
all first-level courts nationwide. However, with regard to the second level courts, the
team recommends that specialized courts be designated for JDR, rather than require all
second-level courts to perform JDR.
The three-year JDR experiment has clearly yielded extremely encouraging
results, as seen from the disposition statistics, survey findings and the focus group
discussions. While certain program modifications are in order, the basic concept of
judge-facilitated settlement is one that appears to have been fully accepted by all
sectors despite initial apprehensions. The success of the experiment is due mainly to
the readiness of the judges themselves to take on the role of dispute facilitators, and the
training, monitoring, program support and management provided by the JURIS Project
and PHILJA. Whether these achievements can be sustained and reinforced as the
program moves on to its next phase is the challenge that confronts all those involved.

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