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    Synopsis of Intelligence Model

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    George Miller developed information processing theory in the 1950s-1970s to explain how the human mind works like a computer. The theory proposes that information is received through the senses and stored in three locations - sensory register (temporary), short-term memory (working memory), and long-term memory (permanent storage). Information moves between these locations through various encoding and retrieval processes. The theory helped revolutionize developmental psychology by focusing on dynamic mental processes like thinking, stimulus analysis, and situational problem solving. However, it does not fully explain behaviors and emotions.

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    Synopsis of Intelligence Model

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    usha
    27 views8 pages
    George Miller developed information processing theory in the 1950s-1970s to explain how the human mind works like a computer. The theory proposes that information is received through the senses and stored in three locations - sensory register (temporary), short-term memory (working memory), and long-term memory (permanent storage). Information moves between these locations through various encoding and retrieval processes. The theory helped revolutionize developmental psychology by focusing on dynamic mental processes like thinking, stimulus analysis, and situational problem solving. However, it does not fully explain behaviors and emotions.

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    George Miller developed information processing theory in the 1950s-1970s to explain how the human mind works like a computer. The theory proposes that information is received through the senses and stored in three locations - sensory register (temporary), short-term memory (working memory), and long-term memory (permanent storage). Information moves between these locations through various encoding and retrieval processes. The theory helped revolutionize developmental psychology by focusing on dynamic mental processes like thinking, stimulus analysis, and situational problem solving. However, it does not fully explain behaviors and emotions.

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    27 views8 pages

    Synopsis of Intelligence Model

    Uploaded by

    usha
    George Miller developed information processing theory in the 1950s-1970s to explain how the human mind works like a computer. The theory proposes that information is received through the senses and stored in three locations - sensory register (temporary), short-term memory (working memory), and long-term memory (permanent storage). Information moves between these locations through various encoding and retrieval processes. The theory helped revolutionize developmental psychology by focusing on dynamic mental processes like thinking, stimulus analysis, and situational problem solving. However, it does not fully explain behaviors and emotions.

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    MPPM1103 –TEACHING AND LEARNING MODELS IN

    MATHEMATICS

    SUMMARY OF INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY

    PREPARED BY:

    USHA DEVI A/P LINGAPPAN


    MPP171035

    PREPARED FOR:

    DR NORULHUDA BINTI ISMAIL


    CONTRIBUTORS

     George A. Miller (1920-2012)


     Atkinson and Shriffin (1968)
     Craik and Lockhart (1972)
     Bransford (1979)
     Rumelhart and McClelland (1986)

    THE FOUNDER OF INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY


    George A. Miller

    • An American psychologist who was one of the founders of the cognitive


    psychology field.
    • Born on February, 3, 1920 in Charleston, West Virginia
    • Graduate work at Harvard University, University of Albama
    • Best known for his contributions to Cognitive Psychology and Science, The Magical
    Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two and Directing WordNet
    • Won National Medal of Science and Louis E. Levy Medal in 1991
    • Worked at Harvard University, MIT and Princeton University.
    • Introduced experimental techniques to study the psychology of mental process.
    • A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Miller as the
    20th most cited psychologist of that era.
    THEORY OF THE MODEL

    ‘The basic idea of Information processing theory is that the human mind is like a computer
    or information processor — rather than behaviourist notions that people merely responding
    to stimuli’
    HOW THE MODEL WAS DEVELOPED?
    Here is a diagram that describes the information processing model in detail.

    The Store Model


     A breakdown of the model
     Information that has been received can be stored in any of the processing units, or
    the channels through which it passes.
     These channels are the sensory register, short-term memory and long-term memory.

    The Sensory Register


     Mental processing unit
     Receives all information and then stores it temporarily or permanently.
     This process of conversion of energy creates short-term memory.
     The information in this stage is necessary to transfer it to the next one.
     If stimulus has interesting features or if it activates a known pattern; it can have an
    effective response.
     The sensing and registration of information is best done when it is important,
    stimulating or perceivable.
    Short-term Memory/Working Memory
     Sensory register where the information is stored temporarily.
     It will either be discarded or transferred to the long-term memory.
     It will last for 15 to 20 seconds.
     The major types of organizations are component, sequence, relevant and
    transitional.
     Data chunking is also used to store information in short-term memory.
     It will also transmit the information in long-term memory.
     Our brain applies repetition when we are in the process of learning something new.

    Long-term Memory
     All the information is permanently stored.
     It can be retrieved later, as and when the need arises.
     Information is passed on to the long-term memory with the help of two processes
    called elaboration and distributed practice.
     A well-planned and organized piece of information can be easily encoded and
    stored.
     Elaboration is related to imaging, location, numbers, rhyming word, etc. Information
    in long-term memory is organized by the declarative, procedural, and/or imagery
    structures.

    Recall/Information Retrieval
     For the information to be easily recalled, it has to first be encoded in short-term
    memory.
     Apart from this, information can be easily recalled with the application of right
    environmental cues.
    FOUR FUNDAMENTAL PILLARS OF INFORMATION PROCESSING MODEL

    The following are the four fundamental pillars which support the information processing
    theory.
    1. Thinking
    At any time, if an individual is perceiving information, storing information, encoding
    information, representing information or retrieving information to or from his mind, he is
    said to be thinking.

    2. Stimuli Analysis
    In this process the encoded information is altered to suit the interpretation process and
    of the brain for decision-making. The four sub-processes; encoding, strategization,
    generalization and automation, help in arriving at a conclusion regarding the encoded
    information or stimuli. This is known as stimuli analysis.

    3. Situational Modification
    When a problem or a dilemma presents itself, the individual must encode the critical
    information about this problem, and then use information that has been stored
    beforehand to solve this problem. An individual utilizes his experience i.e. his stored
    memories to deal with the situation. If there is a slight difference in the situation, he uses
    his previous experience and modifies it to develop newer ways to deal with similar
    problems in the future, without making the same mistakes. This is known as situational
    modification.

    4. Obstacle Evaluation
    In this step, apart from a person's development level, the complexity of the problem
    should also be taken into consideration while determining his intellect, cognitive acumen
    and problem solving. This is known as evaluation of obstacles. Misleading information
    may also lead to dis-ambiguity and confusion. This may deter the person from handling
    a situation successfully which he might have done easily at a previous occasion.
    STRENGTH

     Large amounts of information are processed into a meaningful value.

     Cognitive Information ProcessingDevelopmental psychology has been


    revolutionized with the focused attention on dynamic mental processes.

     The various types of thinking at different stages are now understood

    WEAKNESSES

     Complete behaviour isn’t explained.

     The emotional, perceptual dimensions and complex cognitions of human


    development are unexplainable.

     Behaviours and emotions are abandoned with the cognitive information processing
    approach
    CONCLUSION

    The information processing model of memory is something that is very vast and complex to
    study, and all this is merely the tip of the iceberg. Knowing about this theory enables one to
    enhance the learning process of children and adults by explaining how this process works.
    This theory is also applicable in the study of artificial intelligence, business organizational
    behaviour, family systems, etc.

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