INTEGRATION

Indefinite Integrals Integration of Inverse Functions

x n 1 1
 1  x 2 dx  sin  x   C
1
 x dx   C, n  1
n

n 1
1 1
 x dx  ln | x | C  1  x 2 dx  cos  x   C
1

 cos x dx  sin x  C 1
 1  x 2 dx  tan  x   C
1

 sin x dx   cos x  C 1
 1  x 2 dx  cot  x   C
1

 sec x dx  tan x  C
2

 csc x dx   cot x  C 1
 | x | x 2  1 dx  sec  x   C
2
1

 sec x tan x dx  sec x  C 1

 | x | x 2  1 dx  csc  x   C
1

 csc x cot x dx   csc x  C

 e dx  e  C
x x
1
 x 2  1 dx  sinh  x   C
1

 cosh x dx  sinh x  C 1
 x 2  1 dx  cosh  x   C
1

 sinh x dx  cosh x  C
 sech x dx  tanh x  C 1
2

 | x | 1  x 2 dx  sech x  C
1

 csch x dx   coth x  C
2

1
 | x | 1  x 2 dx  csch x  C
1

 sech x tanh x dx  sech x  C

 csch x coth x dx  csch x  C 1
 tanh 1  x   C , | x |  1

 1  x 2 dx   1
coth  x   C , | x |  1

CURVATURE, ARC LENGTH AND SURFACE AREA OF REVOLUTION

d2y t2 2
 dx   dy 
2 b
d 
2

L        dt S  2  f ( x) 1   [ f ( x)]  dx
dx 2  dt   dt   dx 
 3 / 2
t
1
a

  dy  2  2
d 
2
 
b d

    dy S  2  g ( y ) 1   [ g ( y )]  dy
1 L   1    dx
  dx   a  dx  c  dy 
| xy  yx |

x 
2
3/ 2 d
 dx 
 y 2 L 1    dy
2

c  dy 
 IDENTITIES OF TRIGONOMETRY AND HYPERBOLIC
Trigonometric Functions Hyperbolic Functions
cos x  sin x  1
2 2
e  ex
x
sinh x 
sin 2 x  2 sin x cos x 2
cos 2 x  cos 2 x  sin 2 x e  e x
x
cosh x 
2
 2 cos 2 x  1
cosh x  sinh 2 x  1
2

 1  2 sin x
2
sinh 2 x  2 sinh x cosh x
1  tan x  sec x
2 2
cosh 2 x  cosh 2 x  sinh 2 x
1  cot 2 x  csc 2 x  2 cosh 2 x  1
2 tan x
tan 2 x   1  2 sinh 2 x
1  tan2 x
1  tanh2 x  sech 2 x
tan x  tan y
tan(x  y )  coth2 x  1  csch 2 x
1  tan x tan y
sin( x  y )  sin x cos y  sin y cos x 2 tanh x
tanh 2 x 
cos( x  y )  cos x cos y  sin x sin y 1  tanh2 x
tanh x  tanh y
sin ax cos bx  12 [sin(a  b) x  sin(a  b) x] tanh(x  y ) 
1  tanh x tanh y
sin ax sin bx  12 [ cos(a  b) x  cos(a  b) x] sinh(x  y )  sinh x cosh y  sinh y cosh x
cos ax cos bx  12 [cos(a  b) x  cos(a  b) x] cosh(x  y )  cosh x cosh y  sinh x sinh y

SUBSTITUTIONS
Expression Trigonometric Hyperbolic
x2  k 2 x  k tan x  k sinh 

x2  k 2 x  k sec  x  k cosh

k 2  x2 x  k sin  x  k tanh

t  tan x
t  tan 12 x
1 t 2
sin 2 x 
2t 1 t2
sin x 
2t cos x  1 t2
cos 2 x 
1 t2 1 t2 1 t2
2t
2t 2dt tan 2 x  dt
tan x  dx  1 t2 dx 
1 t2 1 t2 1 t2

TAYLOR AND MACLAURIN SERIES

f " (a)
f ( x)  f (a)  f ' (a)(x  a)  ( x  a) 2  
2!
f (0) 2
f ( x)  f (0)  f (0) x  x 
2!