Integration Indefinite Integrals Integration of Inverse Functions
Integration Indefinite Integrals Integration of Inverse Functions
Integration Indefinite Integrals Integration of Inverse Functions
n 1
1 1
x dx ln | x | C 1 x 2 dx cos x C
1
cos x dx sin x C 1
1 x 2 dx tan x C
1
sin x dx cos x C 1
1 x 2 dx cot x C
1
sec x dx tan x C
2
csc x dx cot x C 1
| x | x 2 1 dx sec x C
2
1
cosh x dx sinh x C 1
x 2 1 dx cosh x C
1
sinh x dx cosh x C
sech x dx tanh x C 1
2
| x | 1 x 2 dx sech x C
1
csch x dx coth x C
2
1
| x | 1 x 2 dx csch x C
1
L dt S 2 f ( x) 1 [ f ( x)] dx
dx 2 dt dt dx
3 / 2
t
1
a
dy 2 2
d
2
b d
dy S 2 g ( y ) 1 [ g ( y )] dy
1 L 1 dx
dx a dx c dy
| xy yx |
x
2
3/ 2 d
dx
y 2 L 1 dy
2
c dy
IDENTITIES OF TRIGONOMETRY AND HYPERBOLIC
Trigonometric Functions Hyperbolic Functions
cos x sin x 1
2 2
e ex
x
sinh x
sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x 2
cos 2 x cos 2 x sin 2 x e e x
x
cosh x
2
2 cos 2 x 1
cosh x sinh 2 x 1
2
1 2 sin x
2
sinh 2 x 2 sinh x cosh x
1 tan x sec x
2 2
cosh 2 x cosh 2 x sinh 2 x
1 cot 2 x csc 2 x 2 cosh 2 x 1
2 tan x
tan 2 x 1 2 sinh 2 x
1 tan2 x
1 tanh2 x sech 2 x
tan x tan y
tan(x y ) coth2 x 1 csch 2 x
1 tan x tan y
sin( x y ) sin x cos y sin y cos x 2 tanh x
tanh 2 x
cos( x y ) cos x cos y sin x sin y 1 tanh2 x
tanh x tanh y
sin ax cos bx 12 [sin(a b) x sin(a b) x] tanh(x y )
1 tanh x tanh y
sin ax sin bx 12 [ cos(a b) x cos(a b) x] sinh(x y ) sinh x cosh y sinh y cosh x
cos ax cos bx 12 [cos(a b) x cos(a b) x] cosh(x y ) cosh x cosh y sinh x sinh y
SUBSTITUTIONS
Expression Trigonometric Hyperbolic
x2 k 2 x k tan x k sinh
x2 k 2 x k sec x k cosh
k 2 x2 x k sin x k tanh
t tan x
t tan 12 x
1 t 2
sin 2 x
2t 1 t2
sin x
2t cos x 1 t2
cos 2 x
1 t2 1 t2 1 t2
2t
2t 2dt tan 2 x dt
tan x dx 1 t2 dx
1 t2 1 t2 1 t2