“Our Wetlands-Our Future”

A Conservation program for the Bolgoda Wetland complex

Final progress report
Submitted by

Sri Lanka Water Partnership

December 2016

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Partners

Sri Lanka Water Partnership

Biodiversity Sri Lanka

Sampath Bank Plc.

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 Executive Summary
Sri Lanka Water Partnership implemented a one year project “Our Wetlands- Our future” starting from
Jan 2016 in partnership with Biodiversity Sri Lanka and Sampath Bank. This project was initiated, designed
and carried out with the broad aim of conserving Bolgoda wetland, which is considered as island’s largest
fresh water wetland. Project emphasis was on two key aspects that of awareness raising of stakeholders
and field studies to understand the current condition of the ecosystem. The major outcomes of the
consultative workshop, awareness programs and vulnerability study are presented here.

There were two phases of the project, identified as ‘Wetworking’ and ‘Biodiversity assessment’ Under
phase I, “Wetworking”, a stakeholder consultation workshops for enhanced community participation for
wetland conservation and awareness was held where 48 participants from government institutions , local
authorities and local community groups and other interested groups participated on invitation. All ke
stakeholders expressed their views and shared information on good wetland governance. Contribution by
the community organization’s which were established in 2013, committed for conservation measures of
Bolgoda wetlands through the initiative of SLWP and under the guidance of CEA, added many spheres to
the discussions. Many valuable suggestions were bought forwarded to conserve the wetlands by
government and non-government organizations. Enthusiasm shown by the Western Provincial Council to
take up this matter in their annual by k program is also encouraging and their continuous participation in
this project is a positive sign for sustainability of the program.

In addition, awareness raising programmes were held in 3 selected schools in the area for which more
than 300 students from inhabitant families participated. They learned about the significance of the
Bolgoda wetland and it was the first time for most of the students to learn about their neighborhood as a
national treasure. The students participated actively in the discussions and were able to produce creative
works within a short given time, since Bolgoda wetland is in the vicinity of the schools and their homes.

In Phase II, a biodiversity assessment and vulnerability survey was carried out in selected locations in the
wetland spreading in 12 months. (Survey started in 2015 November) The survey was planned to cover
butterflies, dragonflies, fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. Accordingly, it was found that there were
153 species in the North lake where in the South lake 163 species were recorded. There were a few
endemic and threatened species. A rapid plant survey too was carried out and records more species (107)
at south lake than in north lake (57). Results of the vulnerability survey revealed that 80 % of the sites
studied in the North lake were vulnerable to pollution, habitat loss and degradation whereas in the South
part it was only 20%. In an integrated approach, Kawatayagoda in the south lake can be identified as one
of the most vulnerable sites with high animal and plant diversity.

To our knowledge, this is one of the most comprehensive recent studies carried out on the fauna in
Bolgoda wetland.

This project thus has served as an educational tool, valuable information gathering platform and
stakeholder relations development mechanism.

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Introduction

“Our Wetlands- Our future” is a one year project implemented by SLWP with the partnership of
Biodiversity- Sri Lanka and Sampath Bank. Objective of this project was to continue the intervention made
by SLWP from year 2008 in conserving Bolgoda wetland, which is considered as island’s largest fresh water
wetland. The project’s emphasise was on two key areas viz. awareness raising of stakeholders and field
studies for a biodiversity assessment and vulnerability survey of ecosystem.

The project was implemented in two main themes identified as ‘Wetworking’ and ‘field surveys on
Biodiversity and vulnerability’. Under, “Wetworking”, a stakeholder consultation workshop and three
awareness workshops for school children were held. The stakeholder consultation workshop was aimed
to get views on current situation and practical approach for wetland conservation with the participation
of government officials , local authorities, local community organizations and other interested groups.
Three programs for awareness raising of school children were held at 3 selected schools in the area for
which more than 300 students participated.

A biodiversity assessment and a vulnerability survey were carried out at selected locations in the wetland
under the category of field surveys. The vulnerability survey was planned to cover butterflies, dragonflies,
fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. To our knowledge, this is one of the most comprehensive recent
studies carried out on the fauna in Bolgoda wetland Vulnerability survey was carried out to study the
threats to the Bolgoda wetland in the pilot project area.

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2. Wetlands

Wetlands are nature’s true gifts. In a tropical country like Sri Lanka, wetlands exist everywhere
with their numerous links with the society by providing significant economic, social and cultural
benefits. They are important for primary products such as pastures, timber and fish and support
recreational and tourist activities. Wetlands also helps to reduce the impacts of natural disasters
such as flooding and droughts, maintain good water quality in rivers, recharge groundwater, store
carbon, helps to stabilize climatic conditions and provide cool micro climatic conditions especially
in cities. They are also important sites for biodiversity.

Figure 1 - Bolgoda Wetland depicting aquatic vegetation Figure 2 - Blue water lily in Bolgoda South lake

2. Current situation of urban wetlands

Urban wetlands face increasing threats due to unsustainable developmental activities.

Reclamation for urban and industrialization development has become the principle long term
threat for these wetlands. These activities have greatly diminished our nation's wetlands
resources; as a result, we no longer have the benefits they provided. Recent increases in flood
damages, drought damages, and the declining of aquatic biodiversity are, partly a the result of
wetlands degradation and destructions.
This situation warrants urgent attention of all stakeholders, since wetlands specially the wetlands
in the Western Region play a major role in landscape planning under the current “Megapolis”
development programs. Following the recent destructive flood event happened in June 2016, the
country started looking at the functions and values of wetlands in a different way and recognized
their contribution to mitigate the impacts of natural hazards such as floods.

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3. Past involvement of Sri Lanka Water Partnership (SLWP) and continuation
Recognizing the importance of investigating the present condition of and threats to urban
wetlands and possible remedial measures to restore and conserve them, SLWP initiated
integrated studies and discussions on selected urban wetlands as far back as 2008. In most of
these activities our key collaborators were Central Environmental Authority (CEA) and Sri Lanka
Land Reclamation and Development Corporation (SLRDC).

The SLWP organized several interactive seminars/ awareness workshops as part of a series of
programmes in 2013. These programmes were designed to raise awareness highlighting the
services and values of urban wetlands as well as the legislative and policy framework that
governs these natural resources. Different stakeholder groups included participants from the
following:

a. Government sector/ Regulator- relevant Divisional Secretariats and Central

Environmental Authority, Sri Lanka Land Reclamation and Developmental Corporation
b. Local government- Pradeshiya Sabhas of Kesbewa, Piliyandala
c. Community organizations- NGOs and CBOs of the Bolgoda catchment
Some salient outcomes of the above interventions were:
a. Establishing the links between the regulators/ local government members and
community members and facilitating discussion on several critical issues
b. Establishment of 6 Environmental CBOs to protect Bolgoda and getting them registered
under the CEA
c. Facilitating community reporting of environmental Issues relating to the wetland to the
CEA (So far 3 such CBOs have sent written reports on pollution and habitat degradation
in the area with photographs as evidence)

Together with our new collaborative partners, Sri Lanka Biodiversity and Sampath Bank PLC this
one year pilot project was launched to protect wetlands.

4. Bolgoda Wetland complex

A pilot area in Bolgoda wetland was selected for this project as it is the largest natural freshwater
lake in the country and also facing threats due to various interventions. This complex is inter-
connected to major urban wetlands including Diyawanna and the Talangama tank.

The lake which covers 400 square kilometres, comprises two vast fresh water bodies, namely,
the Bolgoda North Lake and the Bolgoda South Lake connected by Weres Ganga. It is a crucial
part of the Kalu Ganga river basin. (Pl see map below (Figure 3) for micro picture)

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Bolgoda North

Weras Ganga

Bolgoda South

Figure 3 - Map of Bolgoda wetland representing study sites

The Bolgoda wetland, although best known for its natural beauty and wildlife habitat values,
provides many water quality improvement and management services too . It is tightly linked with
the lives of the communities of the area and hence diverse community / ecosystem interactions
exist. It serves as a rich fishery ground on which many people depend on for their livelihood.
Another prominent aspect is opportunities for the tourism and hospitality industry which is
rapidly growing in the area. Thus, protecting and restoring the wetland and its sustainable
development will contribute positively to the economic health, public safety and quality of life of
the local communities.
As per anecdotal and empirical evidence, the significant ecosystem services and social and
economic benefits offered by this wetland provide adequate rationale for enhanced its
conservation efforts.
Yet, this ecosystem is under immense pressure from unsustainable anthropogenic activities. In a
pilot study carried out by the Sri Lanka Water Partnership (SLWP), it was evident that some areas
are adversely affected by indiscriminate discharge of industrial effluents and raw sewage which
have led to pollution of the water. In addition, the disposal of solid waste in different forms are
common in the lowlands. Due to increased developmental pressure, unsustainable land use
practices including encroachment, filling and illegal constructions too are rampant in this
environmentally sensitive area.

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5. Project activities and Progress (January - December 2016)
6.
The project was designed to be carried out as a Pilot project. Activities were proposed to be
carried out in two phases to address pressing conservation needs. (Pl see the activity schedule
and Work plan agreed in annex 1,2 )

Phase I : “Wetworking”- Stakeholder consultation workshops for enhanced community

participation for wetland conservation and awareness.

Phase II : Field Study on the Bolgoda wetland complex (Vulnerability Assessment and
Biodiversity Survey)
This chapter outlines some of the key accomplishments and new scientific findings established
during the project period.

5.1 Phase I: “Wetworking”- Stakeholder consultation workshops for enhanced

community participation for wetland conservation and awareness.

5.1.1 Stakeholder consultation workshop,

(29 Feb 2106 at IWMI Auditorium, Battaramulla)

This progarmme was designed to raise awareness highlighting the services and value of Bolgoda
wetland complex as well as legislative and policy framework pertaining to this ecosystem.

One major stakeholder who participated in awareness raising is the regulator, Central
environmental Authority. This time the focus group was representatives from Governmental
Organizations and Local Authorities, Grama Niladharis (GS), Developmental Officers and citizens
groups in Bolgoda area and included 48 participants.

Eng. Badra Kamaladasa,. Hon. Chair/ SLWP, explained the activities carried out by SLWP in
relation to wetland conservation and while Prof. Deepthi Wickramasinghe, Hon. Executive
Secretary/ SLWP delivered a speech explaining the values and services of wetlands and the
importance of conserving these habitats. Prof. Champa Nawaratne gave a presentation on the
economical services provided by wetlands. Ms. Priyanganie Gunathillake , Dy. Director/ Wetland
Unit, CEA made a presentation on Bolgoda wetland and the role of the CEA as the regulatory
Authority.

The programme ended up with an interactive discussion on the issues and problems related to
the ecosystem and possible remedial measures.

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Participants shared their views and made suggestions after elaborative group works, for
enhanced conservation of the Wetland complex which is given below (figure 4) as a summary.
Agenda (Annex 3), Attendance sheet (Annex 4) and Report of the Programme (Annex 5).

Group 1 – Group 2 – Group 3 –

Identification of Identification of Actions for
gaps in Threats to Good wetland
information and wetlands governance
data • Land filling, • Preparation of a
encroachments Strategic Plan
• Lack of reliable data
• No maps (historic, • Waste dumping
land use) • Unplanned • Stakeholder
development coordination and
• No data sharing
involvement
• No central monitoring • Wetland conversion
system • Siltation
• Identifying of
• Less accuracy of • Sand mining
important wetlands
available data • Destruction of for prioritizing
vegetation conservation
• Oil spills
• Prawn cultivation

Figure 4

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 Figure 6 - Participant at the workshop Figure 6 - Participants sharing their view and suggestions

5.1.2 Awareness programmes for school children

Under this phase three interactive workshops were organized for the school children. These
programs were designed to raise awareness among the school children highlighting the services
and value of Bolgoda wetland complex.

Details of the school programmes as follows.

School Programme 1: Dharmaraja Vidyalaya (DV), Piliyandala (117 students attended)

School Programme 2: Sir John Kothalawela Vidyalaya (SJKV), Piliyandala (60 students attended)
School Programme 3: Sri Pragnananda Vidyalaya, Dampe, Piliyandala. (60studnets attended)

In these three schools, most of the students are residing in the watershed of the wetland. All of
them, their family members and school mates are somehow or other are stakeholders of this
wetland conservation. Most of the chidren are from the families whose livelihood depends on
the Bolgoda wetland/ lake.

This awareness programmes was focused

on active learning through interactive
sessions including presentations,
discussions, question and answer session
and group work. Panel of resource persons
were Prof. Deepthi Wickramsinghe, Eng.
Badra Kamaladasa, Dr. Missaka
Hettiarachchi and Ms. Chethika Gunasiri.
Ms. Sherani Ruberu from Sri Lanka
Biodiversity and Thusitha Peries from
Sampath Bank too attended this event.
Figure 7 - Resource person answering students questions (DV)

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 SLWP distributed an information leaflet (Annex 6) on wetlands and a badge on “Water
Messenger” to the students.

Figure 8 - Ms. Gunasiri in an interactive

discussion with students (SJKV)

As the final activity at each programme, the students were given a chance to express their
understanding about wetlands and its conservation, using their creative abilities in poetry,
art and essay writing. This was carried out by individual students as well as groups and
interestingly students came out with excellent poems, posters and essays.

Figure 9-Students’ thoughts about wetlands in a poem (DV) Figure 10 - Poster by a group of student following an interactive learning session
(SJKV)

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5.2 Phase II - Field Study on the Bolgoda wetland complex
Field studies were carried out through out 12 months to compile information on biodiversity in
the selected section and also assess the vulnerability of the wetlands.

5.2.1 Investigations on biodiversity

A survey on aquatic (fish and amphibian) and terrestrial (butterflies, dragonflies, reptiles, birds
and mammals) fauna in the wetland and immediate surroundings was started and carried out
and representative parts of the wetland complex (Bolgoda North Lake, South Lake) was taken
into consideration. In the selected areas, the faunal surveys were carried out according to
standard protocols and methodologies that include line transect method and visual encounter
surveys. No animals were captured or collected and all activities were carried out with the
minimal disturbance to the environment. Prof. Wickramsinghe and her assistants carried out the
field work.
In each month from January – September, at least 3 days were spent on field study visits to
investigate faunal species. Yet in June, only 2 days were possible due to inclined weather. A rapid
plant survey too was carried out to investigate prominent plant species (focusing on emergent in
the aquatic environment) as well as in an area of 5 m from the edge of water).
Identification of species was done using standard filed guides, keys and literature.
A species list with information on endemicity, conservation status as per the IUCN Red List was
also compiled
To our knowledge, this is one of the most comprehensive recent studies carried out on the fauna
in Bolgoda wetland. Yet, one limitation is the underrepresentation of amphibian fauna due to the
inadequacy of filed investigations carried out during the night time. Yet, there were many
Philautus species (tree and shrub frogs) who are endemic to Sri Lanka. These species need close
monitoring as well as fine field techniques to be identified which was not the scope of this study.
According to the results (figure 11) the faunal profile of both north and south lakes comprised of
153 and 163 species respectively and more of less same species are found in both lakes. One
interesting observation is the higher species diversity of dragonflies in the south lake. Dragonflies
are considered as bioindicators of water quality where they choose to lay eggs in unpolluted
water.
There are a few endemics in both lakes as well as some endangered animals. Out of these,
endangered fishing cat and all endemic species need special attention in conservation agenda.
Detailed results are presented in Annex 7

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 Bolgoda- North Lake
Type of Species No: Species No. of Endemic Species Species Occurrence %
Dragonflies 16 0 10.46
Butterflies 34 0 22.22
Fish 22 1 14.38
Amphibians 2 0 1.31
Reptiles 8 1 5.23
Birds 66 4 43.14
Mammals 5 1 3.27
Total Species 153

Bolgoda- South Lake

Type of Species No: Species No. of Endemic Species Species Occurrence %
Dragonflies 25 1 15.34
Butterflies 28 0 17.18
Fish 26 4 15.95
Amphibians 3 0 1.84
Reptiles 8 0 4.91
Birds 65 4 39.88
Mammals 8 1 4.91

Total Species 163

Figure 11 - Summary of total number of species in North and South Lakes

Altogether 107 plant species were found in the South lake with 7 endemic species (Annex 8). One salient
feature is the highest species diversity in Kawatayagoda. Similarly, in the north lake, 57 species recorded, out
of which one species is endemic. This results clearly show that north lake accommodate less floral diversity
and low endemicity. In addition, several invasive plants too were reported from this site. Yet, a through survey
is needed to reflect some refined information and hidden diversity of plant species.

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5.2.2 Development of a Vulnerability Index for different areas of the wetland to determine the
extent of environmental degradation

The above component was started to identify the activities that can pose harm to the health of
wetland. Representative parts of the wetland complex (Bolgoda North Lake and South Lake)
were selected and visited to study the activities that degrade the environment including water
pollution input, solid waste dumping, filling and encroachment, destruction of natural
vegetation.

Figure 12 - Illegal waste dumping at Bolgoda North lake

This vulnerability assessment was carried out in natural landscape (minimized human activity)
and in disturbed areas (visible impacts due to anthropogenic activities.

Figure 13 - Bolgoda North lake: areas under invasive Figure 14 - Ibis at Bolgoda south lake
Salvenia and Wel atta

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A rank was given for each visible activity and a cumulative index was developed at a later stage
as follows:
0-No signs of threat
2-Less vulnerable
3- Vulnerable
4- Highly vulnerable
5-Extremely vulnerable

For each lake, 5 sites were selected as follows and the sites were visited once in two months and
a rank was given. (please see figure 3 for locations) Finally, cumulative index was developed and
an average vale for vulnerability was calculated. Percentage vulnerability was used to depict
results.

Locations

North Lake
 Kaputuduwa
 Idagaha Totupala
 Moratumulla
 Dampe Thudawa

South Lake
 Mestiya
 Kawatayagoda Road
 Bellana
 End of Bodhikkarama Road
 End of Weragama Road

Main threats identified

I. Water pollution (WP) (point sources: toilets, sewage, industrial / commercial activities
including saw dust; non point sources: agriculture etc)
II. Solid wastes (SW) – saw dusts, plastic, cardboard , metal from industrial and domestic activities
Encroachment/ Destruction of habitat (EN) – filling and converted areas, land use changes and
destruction
III. Salinity Intrusion – the indicator of some brackish water fish species and sometimes jellyfish
Invasive plants (In Plants) – Anona glabra (terrestrial), Water hyacinth and Salvenia (aquatic)
Invasive animals (In animals) – Fish including tank cleaner

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 Kaputu Doova KD
10.71%
20.95%
26.67%
17.86%

19.05% 9.52% 17.86%

17.86%

23.81% 17.86%
17.86%

Kaputo Doova KD Idagaha Thotupola IT

Moratumulla MM Rividevigama RD WP SW EN
Dampe Thuduwa DT Salinity In_plant In_animal

Figure 15 - Vulnerability of sites in North lake Figure 16 - Contribution of each threat category in
Kaputu duwa

Vulnerability status of the sites in North lake is illustrated in figure 15. As it shows, Kaputu doowa
is the most vulnerable site , having the highest percentage vulnerability. Contribution of different
threat factors in Kaputu Doowa is depicted in figure16.

Vul% Kawatayagoda KG
15.52% 15.52%

18.97%
31.03% 16.67%
22.22%
18.97%
22.22% 5.56%
Mestiya MS
16.67%
Kawatayagoda Road KG
16.67%
Bellana BL
End of Bodhirukkarama Road BD
End of Weragama Road WR WP SW EN Salinity In_plant In_animal

Figure 17 Vulnerability of sites in South lake Figure 18 - Contribution of each threat category in Kawatayagoda

Similarly, the most vulnerable site in the south lake was Kawatayagoda (figure 17) and the
description is depicted in figure18.

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The analysis shows that 80 % of the sites studied in the North lake were vulnerable to pollution,
habitat loss and degradation (percentage Vulnerability index > 20) whereas in the South part it
was only 20% of the sites.
In an integrated approach, Kawatayagoda can be identified as one of the most vulnerable sites
with high animal and plant diversity.

Figure 19 - Vulnarability map of North Lake and South Lake

5.3 Consultative discussion for future Action

Just before the completion of the project, on 21st November 2o16, SLWP arranged an informal
meeting with the official partners of the project. Biodiversity Sri Lanka and Sampath Bank and
also with other major stakeholders of Bolgoda wetland, the government regulators. CEA,
Irrigation Department, Westerns Provincial Council, District Secretaries and Piliyandala
Pradesheeya Sahba were invited to listen to the key findings of the project and to get suggestions
for further follow up action. According to the feed back received following activities are identified
for continuation of the wetland conservation effort :

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 a. Local intervention in an area of pristine habitat characteristics (Eg: Bandaragama) and a
polluted area (Eg: Moratumulla) and carry out wetland restoration in polluted area
b. Formation of community organisations for conservation measures
c. Strengthening and capacity building of the community organisations
d. Awareness campaign over the findings on vulnerability and unique biodiversity features
e. Island survey in Bolgoda wetland – Biodiversity and physical features

Figure 20 - Study site at Indigaha Totupola

7. Problems encountered during the Project

Due to inclined weather (heavy rains, flooding) persisted in some periods in May – June, field
visits had to be limited.
It should be mentioned here that organizing programmes in schools was difficult since there
were many hurdles to overcome specially obtaining permission from Zonal Educational
Officers. Intervention by the Western Provincial Council is appreciated for facilitating
approval from the education authorities.
8. Suggestions for further Activities
During the consultative and awareness workshops and also during the field visits, SLWP
identified many areas that need intervention from policy level to community
implementation level. Few selected activities are listed below under two categories viz;
continuation of this project and new activities.

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a. Continuation of activities under current Project
i) Awareness raising
 To provide educational information on the value of the Bolgoda wetlands.
This can be carried out by erecting placards/ boards. Major findings of the
field surveys can be presented.
 To initiate and sponsor tours of the local wetland to the community and
students

ii) Establishing and strengthening volunteer groups to protect the wetland

• To train school children (Environmental leaders etc), youth groups to monitor
wetland condition (pollution, invasive species, habitat destruction) and then to
report CEA, DS office, Irrigation Dept
• To demarcate an area for them to be active (adopt a wetland) and having their
monitoring program
• Conducting competitions and filed activities including Shramadana annually,
issuing certificate of appreciation (Tethbim Mithuro)

iii) To strengthen the six CBOs which were initiated by SLWP in 2015 and build their
capacity to involve actively in Bolgoda conservation work

b. Suggestions for next phase – these are almost new ones: most of these can be implemented

 Local intervention in an area of pristine habitat characteristics (Eg: Bandaragama) and

a polluted area (Eg: Moratumulla) and carry out wetland restoration in polluted area
 Formation of community organisations for conservation measures in whole wetland
area in association with CEA
 Strengthening and capacity building of the community organisations
 Island survey in Bolgoda wetland – Biodiversity and physical features

9. Acknowledgement

The project team acknowledges with gratitude the support received from Mr. Ranjith Ratnayake,
country coordination, the Project Committee and Mr Takshila Dilhan of SLWP, Mr Rukmal
Ratnayake and Himesh Jayasinghe and several others in field work and Ms. Sujeewa
Wanniarachhci and Mr. Lakmal of Western Provincial Council.

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Resource persons:

 Eng. Badra Kamaladasa - Chair, SLWP

 Prof. Deepthi Wickramasinghe - Professor in Zoology, University of Colombo;
Executive Secretary, SLWP
 Prof.Champa Navaratne -Professor in Agriculture, University of Ruhuna;
Senior member, SLWP
 Dr.Missaka Hettiarachchi – Consultant, WWF; Senior member, SLWP
 Ms. Chethika Gunasiri - Ecologist, Sri Lanka Land Reclamation and
Development Authority

Observers
Ms. Sujeewa Wanniarachhci and Mr. Lakmal Perera – Dy. Directors, Western
Provincial council

Project coordinator: Prof. Deepthi Wickramasinghe

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Annex 1 and 2

Initiation of selective actions:

 Facilitating a stakeholder network to be established with common conservation interests

related to the Bolgoda wetland
 Initiating a platform for all stakeholders to discuss issues related to the wetland and its
sustainability and ecological well being
 Making available a biodiversity profile (selected species groups) for the selected filed
localities which could be used by any interested party. This could be uploaded to a website
for common references.
 Presenting information related to the areas which are sensitive and vulnerable for
degradation based on the vulnerability index to the policy makers.
Annex 1 and 2

Tentative Work plan

Activity Month

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Submission of inception report

Consultative stakeholder workshop

Three other workshops (school

children/ adults)

Biodiversity assessment (6- 8

months, 15 field visits)

Vulnerability index and mapping (6

months with 6 filed visits)

Data analysis and Report writing

Final report
Annex 3

WETWORKING: NETWORK FOR CONSERVING BOLGODA WETLAND

2016.02.29

Agenda

“Yellow River” Auditorium – International Water Management Institute

Schedule:

Moderators: Dr. Missaka Hettiarachchi / Prof. Champa Nawaratne

8.45 - 9.00 – Registration/ tea

9.00-9.30 – Background : Why conservation of Bolgoda wetland is important –

Prof. Deepthi Wickramsinghe, University of Colombo.

9.30- 10.30 – The role of SLWP in conserving wetlands- Eng. Badra Kamaladasa,
Chair, Sri Lanka Water Partnership.

10.30- 11.00 – CEA’s role of wetland management with a focus to Bolgoda complex– Ms. Priyangani
Gunathilake, Deputy Director, Central Environmental Authority.

11.00- 12.30 – Interactive session on the issues of Bolgoda/ Kesbewa wetlands – Representatives from
Kesbewa Pradeshiya sabha, NGOs and CBOs

12.30-13.30 – A way forward – Action plan/ networking towards conserving Bolgoda wetland complex

13.30 – Lunch
 Report of the

Interactive Seminar on Bolgoda Wetland organised by

Sri Lanka Water Partnership

29. Feb 2106

IWMI Auditorium

Recognizing the importance of integrated actions of all stakeholders to conserve Bolgoda

wetland, the largest fresh water wetland in Sir Lanka, Sri Lanka Water Partnership
(SLWP- Lanka Jalani) organized another interactive seminar.The collaborators were
Biodiversity Platform and Sampath Bank Plc. This progarmme was designed to raise
awareness highlighting the services and value of Bolgoda wetland complex as well as
legislative and policy framework pertaining to this ecosystem.

One major stakeholder who participated in awareness raising is the regulator, Central
environmental Authority. This time the focus group was representatives form
Governmental Organizations and Local Authorities, Grama Niladharis (GS),
Developmental Officers and citizens groups in Bolgoda area and included 48 participants.

Eng. Badra Kamaladasa,. Hon. Chair/ SLWP, explained the activities carried out by SLWP
in relation to wetland conservation and while Prof. Deepthi Wickramasinghe, Hon.
Executive Secretary/ SLWP delivered a speech explaining the values and services of
wetlands and the importance of conserving these habitats. Prof. Champa Nawaratne gave a
presentation on the economical services provided by wetlands. Ms. Priyanganie
Gunathillake , Dy. Director/ Wetland Unit, CEA made a presentation on Bolgoda wetland
and the role of the CEA as the regulatory Authority.

The programme ended up with an interactive discussion on the issues and problems related
to the ecosystem and possible remedial measures.
 Group activity carried out at the Stakeholder seminar- Bolgoda
wetland project on “how to conserve Bolgoda wetland”

29th Feb 2016 held at IWMI

The following were the problems identified by each group and their suggestions
to improve the conditions.

Group 01
Main problem of the Bolgoda Wetland

 Environmental Problems
- Waste discharge - Wood dust, Domestic waste, Industrial waste, Toilet waste discharge
Impact of Endemic spices of fish
Destruction of Mangrove
Sand mining and unauthorized building constructions
Illegal Prawn cultivation
 Social Problems
- Odor / Bad smell
- Pollution of natural water sources
- Spreading of fly and mosquitoes- diseases
- Decreasing of value of land
 Economic problems
- Decreasing of endemic fauna related to loss of fishery / income
- Illegal tourism activities

Reasons of these problems

Relevant government organizations fail to perform fully their duties and functions

Suggestions

- Empower of CEA Act (Environmental Act)

- Empower and activation of other organizations environmental Acts.
- Identification and demarcations of boundaries and to expedite of that demarcation and
identification activities
- Awareness programmes for the community school children , of the area
- Management of waste discharge of the area
- Awareness programmes for Attitude changes of the area community
Group 02
Problems Reasons Solutions

-illegal buildings / - shellfish attitude - Immediate reaction of

Constructions authorized
organizations such as
Divisional Secretary ,
- Careless of people Urban Development
- waste discharge Authority ect.

- Awareness
- political expose
programmes for the
- in that case increase community of the area
crocodiles
- inactivation of Low - Establishment of
community base
committees
- it is effected to the human
life - inefficient involving of
administrative levels - Controlling and
evaluation between
organizations

- Domestic and - Toilet waste discharge - Use new technologies

industrial waste water facility not enough in for construction in the
discharge to Bolgoda wetland area wetland area
river
- Factory toilet waste
treatment process not
activate

- Awareness
programmes about E-
- Increase of Health - Not enough Waste and its effect
problem with the E- community knowledge for the community of
waste discharge of the about E-Waste the area
Ambalndoowa area,
(Panadura)

- Sand mining of Bad interpretation about the - Sand mining to be stop

Bolgoda river within using legal actions
 PanaduraP.S.Division environment and people not
sensitive to the environment.
Profit is their main objective.

Group 03
Social, Economic and Environmental problems

01. “Weres Ganga” river bank used as waste dumping site. These areas can be identified as sensitive
area. but the land pollution is increase day by day
02. River bank erosions
03. Illegal land filling and constructions
04. Solid waste, toilet waste discharge to the Bolgoda river
05. Speeding of invasive plant Water Hyacinth
06. Pollution of biodiversity

Reasons for this issues

1. Reluctance of the government and other authorized organizations to take action and also
lack of national concepts. In addition, failing to enforce regulations.
2. Sand mining - natural habitats of river bank destructed.
3. Regional offices fail to take the legal actions for above mention environment problems
4. Acceptance of unsustainable developmental activities
5. There was no any standard method for removing Water Hyacinth

Suggested options

1. Requirement of the National program for waste discharge

2. Stopping sand mining activities (Walana to Pallimulla)
3. Demarcation conservation area (boundaries) of the River
4. Giving economic value for Japan Jabara
5. Awareness programmes for river catchment Conservations
Group 04
Social problems

- Increasing of population density

- High value for land
- Urbanization
- Close to commercial city of the country
- Growth of low income population
- Interference of political authority
- Unemployment

Environmental problems

- Land filling, waste dumping

- Speeding of invasive plant Water Hyacinth
- Impact on Biodiversity
- Water pollution

Economic problems

- Destruction of property and crop with flooding of area

- Problem of fisheries (decline in stocks)
- High cost for water purification

Reasons for those problems

- Lethargic attitudes of the authorities

- Weak legal actions
- Not functioning of the proper waste management
- Lack of proper coordination among authorities
- Abuse of political power

Options

- Attitude change
- Compilation of new rules and regulations
- To implement regulations for all without being biased
- Introduce eco-friendly waste management activity at home level
- Develop environmental friendly tourism activities
 Checklist of fauna- Bolgoda South Lake (Annex 7A)

Dragonflies

National Global
Family Species
Family Species Common Name Country Status Conservation Conservation
Number Number
Status 2012 Status 2012

1 Coenagrionidae 1 Agriocnemis pygmaea Wandering Wisp LC

2 Onychargia atrocyana Marsh Dancer VU LC
3 Ischnura senegalensis Common Bluetail LC LC
4 Ceriagrion cerinorubellum Painted Waxtail VU LC
5 Ceriagrion coromandelianum Yellow Waxtail LC LC
6 Pseudagrion microcephalum Blue Sprite LC
7 Paracercion malayanum Maley Lilysquatter LC LC
2 Libellulidae 8 Brachydiplax sobrina Sombre Lieutenant LC LC
9 Orthetrum sabina Green Skimmer LC LC
10 Acisoma panorpoides Asian Pintail LC LC
11 Brachythemis contaminata Asian Groundling LC LC
12 Crocothemis servilia Oriental Scarlet LC LC
13 Diplacodes trivialis Blue Percher LC LC
14 Neurothemis tullia Pied Parasol LC LC
15 Rhodothemis rufa Spine Legged Redbolt NT LC
16 Rhyothemis variegata Variegated Flutterer LC LC
17 Lathrecista asiatica Pruinosed Bloodtail NT
18 Rhyothemis triangularis Sapphire Flutterer VU LC
19 Urothemis signata Scarlet Basker LC LC
20 Trithemis pallidinervis Dancing Dropwing NT LC
21 Pantala flavescens Wandering Glider LC LC
22 Zyxomma petiolatum Dingy Duskfly NT LC
23 Potamarcha congener Blue Persure LC LC
3 Gomphidae 24 Ictinogomphus rapax Rapacious Flangetail LC LC
4 Macromiidae 25 Epophthalmia vittata Blue Eyed Pondcruiser E NT LC

Butterflies
 National Global
Family Species
Family Species Common Name Country Status Conservation Conservation
Number Number
Status 2012 Status 2012

1 Papilionidae 1 Graphium agamemnon Tailed Jay LC

2 Pieridae 2 Delias euchari Jezebel LC
3 Leptosia nina Psyche LC
4 Eurema hecabe Common Grass Yellow LC
5 Catopsilia pomona Lemmon Emigrant LC
6 Catopsilia pyranthe Mottled Emigrant LC
3 Nymphalidae 7 Euploea core Cramer Common Crow LC
8 Neptis hylas Common Sailor LC
9 Ypthima ceylonica White Four Ring LC
10 Junonia almana Peacock Pancy LC
11 Junonia atlites Grey Pancy LC
12 Ideopsis similis Blue Glassy Tiger VU NT
13 Parantica aglea Glassy Tiger LC
14 Acraea violae Tawny Coster LC
15 Danaus genutia Common Tiger LC
16 Mycalesis perseus common Bushbrown LC
17 Orsotriaena medus Medus Bushbrown LC
18 Elymnias hypermnestra Common Palmfly LC
4 Lycaenidae 19 Indian Cupid Indian Cupid LC
20 Dark Cerulean Dark Cerulian LC
21 Sri Lanka Milky Milky Cerulian LC
22 Zizina otis Lesser Grassblue LC
23 Zesius chrysomallus Redspot LC
5 Hesperiidae 24 Ampittia dioscorides Bush Hopper LC
25 Matapa aria Common Red Eye VU
26 Iambrix salsala Chestnut Bob LC
27 Hasora spp Awl spp
6 Riodinidae 28 Abisara echerius Plum Judy LC

Fish

National Global
Family Species
Family Species Common Name Country Status Conservation Conservation
Number Number
Status 2012 Status 2012
 1 Anabantidae 1 Anabes testudineus Climbing Perch LC DD
2 Aplocheilidae 2 Aplocheilus dayi Sri Lanka Day's Killifish E EN
3 Aplocheilus parvus Dwarf Panchax LC
3 Cichlidae 4 Eutroplus suratensis Green Chromide LC LC
5 Oreochromis niloticus Nile Tilapia Invasive
6 Etroplus maculatus Orange Chromide LC LC
7 Oreochromis spp Unidentified Tilapia spp Exotic
4 Cyprinidae 8 Dawkinsia singhala Sri Lanka Filamented Barb E LC LC
9 Rasbora dandiya Broad Line Strip Rasbora LC
10 Rasbora microcephalus Narrow Line Rasbora
Amblypharyngodon melattinus Silver Carplet LC LC
11
Amblypharyngodon Sri Lanka Large Silver Carplet E EN
grandisquammis
12
13 Puntius vittatus Silver Barb LC LC
5 Eleotridae 14 Eleotris fusca Brown gudgeon LC LC
6 Gobidae 15 Awaous melanocephalus Scribbled Goby LC
16 Glossogobius giuris Bar-eyed Goby LC
7 Poeciliidae 17 Poecilia reticulata Guppy
18 Poecilia spp Ornamental Guppy spp Exotic
8 Osphronemidae 19 Trichopodus trichopterus Three spot gourami Exotic
9 Oryziidae 20 Oryias dancena Common Blue-eye
10 Hemiramphidae 21 Zenarchopterus dispar Feathered River Garfish
11 Synbranchidae 22 Monopterus desilvai Sri Lanka Lesser Swamp Eel E CR
12 Belontidae 23 Pseudosphromenus cupanus Spike Tailed Paradise Fish LC LC
13 Channidae 24 Channa straita Murrel LC LC
14 Ariidae 25 Ariius spp Ariid Catfish
15 Carangidae 26 Caranx sexfasciatus Bigeye Trevally

Amphibians

National Global
Family Species
Family Species Common Name Country Status Conservation Conservation
Number Number
Status 2012 Status 2012

1 Dicroglossidae 1 Euphlyctis hexadactylus Indian Green Frog LC

2 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Indian Skipper Frog LC
3 Zakerana syhadrensis Common Paddyfield Frog
 Reptiles

National Global
Family Species
Family Species Common Name Country Status Conservation Conservation
Number Number
Status 2012 Status 2012

1 Vranidae 1 Varanus bengalensis Land Monitor LC

2 Varanus salvator Water Monitor LC
2 Agamidae 3 Calotes calotes Green Forest Lizard LC
4 Calotes versicolor Garden Liard LC
3 Colubridae 5 Ahaetulla nasuta Green Vine snake LC
4 Crocodylidae 6 Crocodylus porosus Saltwater Crocodile EN LR/lc
5 Acrochordidae 7 Acrochordus granulatus Wart Sanke VU LC
6 Boidae 8 Python molurus Indian Python LC LR/lc

Birds

National Global
Family Species
Family Species Common Name Country Status Conservation Conservation
Number Number
Status 2012 Status 2012

1 Podicipedidae (Grebes) 1 Tachybaptus rufficolis Little Grebe BR LC LC

2 Plalacrocoracidae (Cormorants) 2 Phalacrocorax fusciollis Indian Cormorant BR LC LC
3 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant BR LC LC
3 Anhingidae (Darters) 4 Anhinga melanogaster Oriental Darter BR LC NT
4 Ardeidae (Herons) 5 Ardea purpurea Purple Heron BR LC LC
6 Mesophoyx intermedia Intermediate Egret BR LC LC
7 Egretta garsetta Little Egret BR LC LC
8 Bubulcus coromandus Cattle Egret BR LC LC
9 Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron BR LC LC
10 Butoridus striatus Striated Heron BR LC LC
11 Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night Heron BR NT LC
5 Ciconiidae(Storks) 12 Mycteria leucocephala Painted Stork BR LC NT
13 Anastomus oscitans Asian Openbill BR LC LC
6 Thresciornithidae(Ibises and Spoonbills) 14 Threskiornis melanocephalus Black-headed Ibis BR
7 Anatidae (Ducks) 15 Dendrocygna javanica Lesser Whistling Duck BR LC LC
8 Accipitridae (Raptors) 16 Accipiter badius Shikra BR LC LC
17 Haliastur indus Brahmini Kite BR LC LC
18 Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea Eagle BR LC LC
19 Pernis ptilorhynchus Oriental Honey-bazzard BR
 20 Ichthyopaga ichthyaets Grey-headed Fish Eagle BR
9 Rallidae (Waterhens) 21 Amaurornis phoenicurus White Breasted Waterhen BR LC LC
22 Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen BR LC LC
10 Jacanidae 23 Hydrophasianus chirurgus Pheasant-tailed Jacana BR
11 Charadriidae (Plovers) 24 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing BR LC LC
12 Columbidae (Pigeons) 25 Rock Pigeon Rock Pigeon BR CR(considering only
LC wild population)
26 Stigmatopelia chinensis Spotted Dove BR LC LC
27 Ducula aenea Green Imperial Pigeon BR LC LC
28 Treron pompadora Sri Lanka Green Pigeon E LC LC
13 Psittacidae (Parakeets) 29 Psittacula kramer Rose Ringed Parakeet BR LC LC
30 Loriculus beryllinus Sri Lanka Hanging Parrot E
14 Cuculidae (Cuckoos) 31 Eudynamys scolopaceus Asian Koel BR LC LC
32 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal BR LC LC
15 Apodidae (Swifts) 33 Cypsiurus balasiensis Asian Palm Swift BR LC LC
16 Alcedinidae (Kingfishers) 34 Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher BR LC LC
35 Pelargopsis capensis Stork Billed Kingfisher BR LC LC
36 Halcyon smyrnensis White Throated Kingfisher BR LC LC
17 Meropidae (Bee Eaters) 37 Merops philippinus Blue-tailed Bee Eater M CR LC
18 Capitonidae (Barbets) 38 Megalaima zeylanica Brown-headed Barbet BR LC LC
39 Megalaima rubricapillus Sri Lanka Small Barbet E LC LC
19 Picidae (Flamebacks) 40 Dinopium benghalense Black Rumped Flameback E LC LC
20 Hirundinidae (Swallows) 41 Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow M
21 Motacillidae (Wagtails) 42 Anthus rufulus Paddyfield Pipit BR LC LC
22 Compephagidae (Minivets) 43 Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Small Minivet BR LC LC
44 Pericrocotus flammeus Scarlet Minivet BR LC LC
23 Pycnonotidae (Bulbuls) 45 Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul BR LC LC
46 Pycnonotus luteolus White Browed Bulbul BR LC LC
24 Irenidae (Ioras/leafbird) 47 Aegithina tiphia Common Iora BR LC LC
48 find new name Blue Winged Leafbird BR LC LC
25 Turdidae (Robins) 49 Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin BR LC LC
26 Timaliidae (Babblers) 50 Turdoides affinis Yellow-billed Babbler BR LC LC
27 Sylviidae (Wablers) 51 Acroccephalus dumetorum Blyth's Reed Warbler M
52 Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird BR LC LC
53 Cisticola juncidis Zitting Cisticola BR LC LC
28 Muscicapidae (Flycatchers) 54 Muscicapa dauuric Asian Brown Flycatcher M
29 Monarchidae 55 Terpsiphone paradisi Asian Paradise Flycatcher M LC LC
30 Dicaeidae (Flowerpeckers) 56 Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Pale-billed Flowerpecker BR LC LC
31 Nectariniide (Sunbirds) 57 Nectarinia zeylonica Purple-rumped Sunbird BR LC LC
58 Nectarinia lotenia Lotens Sunbird BR LC LC
32 Estrildidae (Munias) 59 Lonchura striata White Rumped Munia BR LC LC
60 Lonchura punctulata Scaly Breasted Munia BR LC LC
33 Sturnidae (Mynah) 61 Acridotheres tristis Common Mynah BR LC LC
 34 Oriolidae 62 Oriolus xanthornus Black-hooded Oriole BR LC LC
35 Discruridae (Drongos) 63 Dicrurus caerulescens White Bellied Drongo BR LC LC
36 Corvidae (Crows) 64 Corvus splendens House Crow BR LC LC
65 Corvus levaillantii Large-billed Crow BR LC LC

Mammals

National Global
Family Species
Family Species Common Name Country Status Conservation Conservation
Number Number
Status 2012 Status 2012

1 Sciuridae 1 Funambulus palmarum Palm Squirel LC LC

Sri Lanka Purple Faced Leaf
2 Cercopithecidae 2 Semnopithecus vetulus E EN EN
Monkey
3 Herpestidae 3 Herpestes smithii Ruddy Mongoose LC LC
4 Herpestes brachyurus Brown Mongoose LC
4 Felidae 5 Prionailurus viverrinus Fishing cat EN EN
5 Hystricidae 6 Hystrix indica Porcupine LC LC
6 Mustelidae 7 Lutra lutra Otter YU NT
8 Paradoxurus hermaphoditus Common Palm Cat LC LC
 Checklist of fauna - Bolgoda North Lake (Annex 7B)

Dragonflies

National Global
Family Species Country Conservat Conservat
Family Species Common Name
Number Number Status ion Status ion Status
2012 2012

1 Coenagrionidae 1 Agriocnemis pygmaea Wandering Wisp LC

2 Ischnura senegalensis Common Bluetail LC LC
3 Ceriagrion coromandelianum Yellow Waxtail LC LC
4 Pseudagrion malabaricum Malabar Sprite LC LC
5 Pseudagrion microcephalum Blue Sprite LC
2 Libellulidae 6 Brachydiplax sobrina Sombre Lieutenant LC LC
7 Orthetrum sabina Green Skimmer LC LC
8 Orthetrum glaucum Asian Skimmer NT LC
9 Brachythemis contaminata Asian Groundling LC LC
10 Crocothemis servilia Oriental Scarlet LC LC
11 Diplacodes trivialis Blue Percher LC LC
12 Neurothemis tullia Pied Parasol LC LC
13 Rhodothemis rufa Spine Legged Redbolt NT LC
14 Rhyothemis variegata Variegated Flutterer LC LC
15 Orthetrum pruinosum Pink Skimmer NT LC
16 Pantala flavescens Wandering Glider LC LC

Butterflies

National Global
Family Species Country Conservat Conservat
Family Species Common Name
Number Number Status ion Status ion Status
2012 2012

1 Papilionidae 1 Papilio polytes Common Mormon LC

 2 Pachliopta hector Crimson Rose LC
3 Graphium agamemnon Tailed Jay LC
2 Pieridae 4 Delias euchari Jezebel LC
5 Leptosia nina Psyche LC
6 Eurema hecabe Common Grass Yellow LC
7 Catopsilia pomona Lemmon Emigrant LC
8 Catopsilia pyranthe Mottled Emigrant LC
3 Nymphalidae 9 Euploea core Cramer Common Crow LC
10 Euploea phaenareta King Crow/Great Crow EN
11 Neptis hylas Common Sailor LC
12 Ypthima ceylonica White Four Ring LC
13 Junonia almana Peacock Pancy LC
14 Junonia atlites Grey Pancy LC
15 Junonia iphita Chocholate Soldier
16 Ideopsis similis Blue Glassy Tiger VU NT
17 Parantica aglea Glassy Tiger LC
18 Tirumala limniace Blue Tiger LC
19 Acraea violae Tawny Coster LC
20 Danaus genutia Common Tiger LC
21 Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger LC
22 Orsotriaena medus Medus Bushbrown LC
23 Elymnias hypermnestra Common Palmfly LC
24 Papilio demoleus Lime Butterfly LC
4 Lycaenidae 25 Plains Cupid Plains Cupid LC
26 Indian Cupid Indian Cupid LC
27 Common Cerulean Common Cerulian LC
28 Zizina otis Lesser Grassblue LC
29 Zesius chrysomallus Redspot LC
30 Caleta decidia Angled Pierrot LC
5 Hesperiidae 31 Pelopidas mathias Small Branded Swift NT
32 Ampittia dioscorides Bush Hopper LC
33 Matapa aria Common Red Eye VU
34 Iambrix salsala Chestnut Bob LC
 Fish

National Global
Family Species Country Conservat Conservat
Family Species Common Name
Number Number Status ion Status ion Status
2012 2012

1 Anabantidae 1 Anabes testudineus Climbing Perch LC DD

2 Aplocheilidae 2 Aplocheilus dayi Sri Lanka Day's Killifish E EN
3 Aplocheilus parvus Dwarf Panchax LC
3 Cichlidae 4 Eutroplus suratensis Green Chromide LC LC
5 Oreochromis niloticus Nile Tilapia Invasive
6 Oreochromis mossambicus Mozambique Tilapia Invasive
4 Cyprinidae 7 Rasbora dandiya Broad Line Strip Rasbora LC
8 Rasbora microcephalus Narrow Line Rasbora
9 Puntius vittatus Silver Barb LC LC
5 Eleotridae 10 Eleotris fusca Brown gudgeon LC LC
6 Gobidae 11 Stenogobius malabaricus Malabar Goby
12 Awaous melanocephalus Scribbled Goby LC
13 Glossogobius giuris Bar-eyed Goby LC
7 Poeciliidae 14 Poecilia reticulata Guppy
8 Mugilidae 15 Mugil cephalus Flat Head Grey Mullet
9 Oryziidae 16 Oryias dancena Common Blue-eye
10 Cobitidae Lepidocephalichthys thermalis Common Spiny Loach LC LC
17
11 Clupeidae 18 Ehirawa fluiatilis Malabar Sprat
12 Carangidae 19 Caranx sexfasciatus Bigeye Trevally
20 Brackish water fish spp A
21 Brackish water fish spp B
13 Terapontidae 22 Terapom jarbua Crescent perch

Amphibians
 National Global
Family Species Country Conservat Conservat
Family Species Common Name
Number Number Status ion Status ion Status
2012 2012

1 Dicroglossidae 1 Euphlyctis hexadactylus Indian Green Frog LC

2 Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Indian Skipper Frog LC

Reptiles

National Global
Family Species Country Conservat Conservat
Family Species Common Name
Number Number Status ion Status ion Status
2012 2012

1 Vranidae 1 Varanus bengalensis Land Monitor LC

2 Varanus salvator Water Monitor LC
2 Agamidae 3 Calotes calotes Green Forest Lizard LC
4 Calotes versicolor Garden Liard LC
Sri Lanka Keelback
3 Colubridae Xenochropis asperrimus E LC
5 Watersnake
4 Bataguridae 6 Melanochelys trijuga Black Turtle LC
5 Skincidae 7 Eutropis carinata Common Skink LC
6 Crocodylidae 8 Crocodylus porosus Saltwater Crocodile EN LR/lc

Birds

National Global
Family Species Country Conservat Conservat
Family Species Common Name
Number Number Status ion Status ion Status
2012 2012

1 Pelicanidae (Pelicans) 1 Pelecanus onocrotales Spot-billed Pelican BR LC NT

2 Plalacrocoracidae (Cormorants) 2 Phalacrocorax fusciollis Indian Cormorant BR LC LC
3 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant BR LC LC
3 Anhingidae (Darters) 4 Anhinga melanogaster Oriental Darter BR LC NT
4 Ardeidae (Herons) 5 Ardea cinerea Grey Heron BR LC LC
6 Ardea purpurea Purple Heron BR LC LC
7 Casmerodius albus Great Egret BR LC LC
8 Mesophoyx intermedia Intermediate Egret BR LC LC
9 Egretta garsetta Little Egret BR LC LC
10 Bubulcus coromandus Cattle Egret BR LC LC
11 Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron BR LC LC
12 Butoridus striatus Striated Heron BR LC LC
13 Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned Night Heron BR NT LC
14 Ixobrychus sinensis Yellow Bittern BR NT LC
5 Anatidae (Ducks) 15 Dendrocygna javanica Lesser Whistling Duck BR LC LC
6 Accipitridae (Raptors) 16 Accipiter badius Shikra BR LC LC
17 Haliastur indus Brahmini Kite BR LC LC
18 Spilornis cheela Crested Serphant Eagle BR LC LC
19 Haliaeetus leucogaster White-bellied Sea Eagle BR LC LC
7 Rallidae (Waterhens) 20 Amaurornis phoenicurus White Breasted Waterhen BR LC LC
21 Porphyrio porphyrio Purple Swamphen BR LC LC
8 Recurvirostridae (Stilts) 22 Himantopus himantopus Black-winged Stilt BR LC LC
9 Charadriidae (Plovers) 23 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing BR LC LC
10 Scolopacidae (Sandpipers) 24 Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper BR
11 Laridae (Terns) 25 Chlidonias hybridus Whiskered Tern BR
12 Columbidae (Pigeons) 26 Rock Pigeon Rock Pigeon BR CR(considering
LC only wild population)
27 Stigmatopelia chinensis Spotted Dove BR LC LC
28 Treron pompadora Sri Lanka Green Pigeon E LC LC
13 Psittacidae (Parakeets) 29 Psittacula kramer Rose Ringed Parakeet BR LC LC
30 Loriculus beryllinus Sri Lanka Hanging Parrot E
14 Cuculidae (Cuckoos) 31 Eudynamys scolopaceus Asian Koel BR LC LC
32 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal BR LC LC
15 Apodidae (Swifts) 33 Cypsiurus balasiensis Asian Palm Swift BR LC LC
16 Alcedinidae (Kingfishers) 34 Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher BR LC LC
35 Pelargopsis capensis Stork Billed Kingfisher BR LC LC
 36 Halcyon smyrnensis White Throated Kingfisher BR LC LC
17 Meropidae (Bee Eaters) 37 Merops philippinus Blue-tailed Bee Eater M CR LC
18 Capitonidae (Barbets) 38 Megalaima zeylanica Brown-headed Barbet BR LC LC
39 Megalaima rubricapillus Sri Lanka Small Barbet E LC LC
19 Picidae (Flamebacks) 40 Dinopium benghalense Black Rumped Flameback E LC LC
20 Hirundinidae (Swallows) 41 Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow M
42 Hirundo hyperythra Red Rumped Swallow BR LC
21 Motacillidae (Wagtails) 43 Dendronanthus indicus Forest Wagtail M
22 Compephagidae (Minivets) 44 Pericrocotus cinnamomeus Small Minivet BR LC LC
45 Coracina melanoptera Black Headed Cuckooshrike BR LC LC
23 Pycnonotidae (Bulbuls) 46 Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul BR LC LC
47 Pycnonotus luteolus White Browed Bulbul BR LC LC
24 Irenidae (Ioras/leafbird) 48 Aegithina tiphia Common Iora BR LC LC
49 find new name Blue Winged Leafbird BR LC LC
25 Turdidae (Robins) 50 Copsychus saularis Oriental Magpie Robin BR LC LC
26 Timaliidae (Babblers) 51 Turdoides affinis Yellow-billed Babbler BR LC LC
27 Sylviidae (Wablers) 52 Acroccephalus dumetorum Blyth's Reed Warbler M
53 Prinia inornata Plain Prinia BR LC
54 Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird BR LC LC
55 Cisticola juncidis Zitting Cisticola BR LC LC
28 Muscicapidae (Flycatchers) 56 Muscicapa dauuric Asian Brown Flycatcher M
29 Monarchidae 57 Terpsiphone paradisi Asian Paradise Flycatcher M LC LC
30 Dicaeidae (Flowerpeckers) 58 Dicaeum erythrorhynchos Pale-billed Flowerpecker BR LC LC
31 Nectariniide (Sunbirds) 59 Nectarinia zeylonica Purple-rumped Sunbird BR LC LC
60 Nectarinia lotenia Lotens Sunbird BR LC LC
61 Lonchura punctulata Scaly Breasted Munia BR LC LC
32 Sturnidae (Mynah) 62 Acridotheres tristis Common Mynah BR LC LC
33 Oriolidae 63 Oriolus xanthornus Black-hooded Oriole BR LC LC
34 Discruridae (Drongos) 64 Dicrurus caerulescens White Bellied Drongo BR LC LC
34 Corvidae (Crows) 65 Corvus splendens House Crow BR LC LC
66 Corvus levaillantii Large-billed Crow BR LC LC
Total number of individuls present
Total Number of species present
 Mammals

National Global
Family Species Country Conservat Conservat
Family Species Common Name
Number Number Status ion Status ion Status
2012 2012

1 Pteropodidae 1 Pteropus giganteus Flying Fox LC LC

2 Sciuridae 2 Funambulus palmarum Palm Squirel LC LC
Sri Lanka Purple Faced Leaf
3 Cercopithecidae Semnopithecus vetulus E EN EN
3 Monkey
4 Felidae 4 Prionailurus viverrinus Fishing cat EN EN
5 Hystricidae 5 Hystrix indica Porcupine LC LC

Abriviations BR=Breading Residant

E=Endemic
M=Migrant
EN- Endangered
VU- Vulnerable
LC- Least concern
Floral checklist of Bolgoda North Lake Annex 8a

Name of the location Moratumulla Kaputu doowa Indagaha thotupola

Lake,marsh,island,coco Lake,scrub,grassland,
Habitat Lake,home garden
nut plantation mangrow forest,marsh
Family APG III Species Sinhala Term Origin Redlist 2012 Remarks
Family: Acanthaceae
Acanthaceae Acanthus ilicifolius 1 ක‍ටු ඉකිලිය, ක‍ටු ඉකිරි Native LC mangrove
Acanthaceae Asystasia gangetica 1 පුරුක්, රිලා පුරුක් Native LC
Acanthaceae Hygrophila ringens 1 නිල් පුරුක් Native LC marsh
Family: Aizoaceae
Aizoaceae Trianthema portulacastrum 1 හීන් සාරන Native LC

Family: Amaranthaceae
කරල් හැබ, ගස් කරල්හැබ,
Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera 1 Native LC
කරල්සැබබෝ
Amaranthaceae Aerva lanata 1 බ ොල්කුඩු ළා, බ ොල් ළා Native LC
Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis 1 මුකුණුවැන්න Native LC
Amaranthaceae Amaranthus viridis 1 කූර තම් ලා, සුදුකූර Native LC

Family: Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae Lannea coromandelica 1 හික් Native LC
Family: Annonaceae
Annonaceae Annona glabra 1 1 1 බවල් අබනෝදා, බවල් ආත්තා Exotic marsh, invasive
Family: Apocynaceae
රුක් අත්තන, ඇත් මද, ගස්
Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris 1 Native LC
රුක් අත්තන
Apocynaceae Cerbera odollam 1 1 1 බගොන් කදුරු, දිය කදුරු Native LC marsh edge
කිරි අඟුණ, වැල් අඟුණ, වල්
Apocynaceae Parsonsia alboflavescens 1 1 Native LC
අඟුණ

Apocynaceae Tabernaemontana dichotoma 1 දිවි කදුරු Native LC

Apocynaceae Tylophora flexuosa 1 Native LC marsh edge
Family: Araceae
Araceae Colocasia esculenta 1 1 ගහල Native LC marsh, invasive
Araceae Syngonium angustatum 1 වැල් බකොහිල Exotic
Araceae Typhonium roxburghii 1 බ ොබළොන් අල Native NT
Araceae Xanthosoma sagittifolium 1 දැසි අල, කිරි හබරල, රට අල Exotic
Araceae Spirodela polyrrhiza 1 Native LC aquatic
Family: Asteraceae
Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides 1 හුලන්තළා Exotic
බ ොඩි සිඤ්බඤොමරන්,
Asteraceae Chromolaena odorata 1 1 Exotic
බලොක්කන්
මඟුල් නට්ටං
කුඹුරුවැන්න,
Asteraceae Cyanthillium cinereum 1 1 Native LC
බමොණරකුඩුම්බිය, වතු ාළු
Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata 1 කීකිරිඳි, සින්දු කිරිඳි Native LC marsh
ගම් ාළු, බකබහල් ාළු,
Asteraceae Mikania cordata 1 බලෝක ාළු, මහ කිහිඹිය, වතු Exotic
ාළු, බදමළ වැල්
උදය කුමාරි, කහ කරාබු,
Asteraceae Sphagneticola trilobata 1 Exotic invasive
අරුණබේවි
Asteraceae Struchium sparganophorum 1 Exotic marsh
Asteraceae Synedrella nodiflora 1 Exotic
 Family: Bignoniaceae
Bignoniaceae Dolichandrone spathacea 1 1 1 දිය දඟ, දඟ Native NT mangrove assosiate
Family: Calophyllaceae
Calophyllaceae Calophyllum inophyllum 1 බදොඹ, බතල් බදොඹ Native LC marsh edge
Family: Cannabaceae
Cannabaceae Trema orientalis 1 ගැඩුඹ Native LC
Family: Cleomaceae
Cleomaceae Cleome rutidosperma 1 Exotic
Family: Colchicaceae
Colchicaceae Gloriosa superba 1 නියඟලා Native LC

Family: Combretaceae

Combretaceae Terminalia catappa 1 1 බකොට්ටම්බා, බකොට්ටන් Exotic

Family: Commelinaceae
Commelinaceae Commelina benghalensis 1 දිය බමබන්රිය Native LC marsh edge
Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa 1 ගිරා ළා, තණ ළා Native LC marsh edge
Family: Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-caprae 1 මුදු බිම් තඹුරු, එළ බිම් තඹුරු Native LC
Convolvulaceae Merremia tridentata 1 හවරි මදු, හීන් මදු Native LC
Convolvulaceae Merremia umbellata 1 කිරි මදු, මහ මදු Native LC
Family: Dilleniaceae
Dilleniaceae Dillenia suffruticosa 1 ර, දිය ර, බගොඩ ර Exotic invasive
Family: Dioscoreaceae
බකමූණු වැල්, ණු කබඩොල්,
Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea bulbifera 1 Native LC
උදල
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae Acalypha indica 1 කුප් බම්නිය Native LC
Euphorbiaceae Croton hirtus 1 ගං බවද, වල් තිප්පිලි Exotic
Euphorbiaceae Macaranga peltata 1 1 1 කැන්ද, ත් කැන්ද Native LC
Euphorbiaceae Microstachys chamaelea 1 රත් පිටවක්කා Native LC
Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis 1 එඬරු Exotic
Family: Fabaceae
Fabaceae Adenanthera pavonina 1 මදටිය, මංචාඩි Native LC
Fabaceae Alysicarpus vaginalis 1 1 අස්වැන්න, රතු අස්වැන්න Native LC
Fabaceae Caesalpinia crista 1 දිය වවුලැටිය Native VU
Fabaceae Centrosema pubescens 1 Exotic
Fabaceae Crotalaria pallida 1 Native LC
Fabaceae Derris trifoliata 1 1 1 කල වැල් Native LC marsh edge
Fabaceae Desmodium heterophyllum 1 මහ උඳුපියලිය Native LC
Fabaceae Desmodium triflorum 1 හීන් උඳුපියලිය Native LC
Fabaceae Leucaena leucocephala 1 ඉපිල් ඉපිල් Exotic invasive
Fabaceae Mimosa diplotricha 1 වැල් නිදිකුම්බා Exotic invasive
Fabaceae Mimosa pudica 1 1 නිදිකුම්බා Exotic
Fabaceae Pueraria phaseoloides 1 1 Exotic
බූ බතෝර, රට බතෝර, ඇත්
Fabaceae Senna alata 1 Exotic
‍බතෝර, රත් බතෝර
Fabaceae Senna occidentalis 1 1 ැණි බතෝර, හිවල් බතෝර Native LC
Fabaceae Tephrosia purpurea 1 පිල, කතුරු පිල, ගම් පිල Native LC
Family: Flagellariaceae
Flagellariaceae Flagellaria indica 1 1 බගොයි වැල් Native LC marsh
Family: Lamiaceae
Lamiaceae Clerodendrum infortunatum 1 ගස් පින්න, පින්න Native LC
Lamiaceae Hyptis capitata 1 Exotic
 මිදි, වල් මිදි, මහ මිදි, මිදි ගස්,
Lamiaceae Premna serratifolia 1 1 1 Native LC
සිහින් මිදි, හීන් මිදි
Family: Lauraceae
Lauraceae Cassytha filiformis 1 Native LC
Family: Lecythidaceae
බගොඩ මිබදල්ල, දිය මිබදල්ල,
Lecythidaceae Barringtonia racemosa 1 Native LC marsh edge
මිබදල්ල
Family: Linderniaceae
Linderniaceae Lindernia ciliata 1 Native NT marsh
Linderniaceae Lindernia pusilla 1 Native LC marsh
Family: Loranthaceae
Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcata 1 1 බදළුම් පිළිල Native LC
Family: Lythraceae
Lythraceae Ammannia baccifera 1 Native LC marsh
Lythraceae Sonneratia caseolaris 1 1 1 කිරිල්ල, කිරල, රත් කිරිල්ල Native LC mangrove
Family: Malvaceae
Malvaceae Hibiscus tilliaceus 1 1 1 බබලි ට්ට, වල් බබලි Native LC marsh
Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia 1 1 හීන් බැබිල Native LC
Malvaceae Thespesia populnea 1 සූරිය, ගං සූරිය Native LC marsh edge
Malvaceae Urena lobata 1 ට්ට ඇ ල, ඇ ල Native LC
Malvaceae Urena sinuata 1 ට්ට ඇ ල, හීන් ඇ ල Native LC
Malvaceae Waltheria indica 1 පුන්නික්කි Native LC
Family: Melastomataceae
බබෝවිටියා, කටකළු
Melastomataceae Melastoma malabathricum 1 බබෝවිටියා, මහ බබෝවිටියා, Native LC
කටකළුවා
Family: Menispermaceae
Menispermaceae Tinospora sinensis 1 බූ කිඳ, වල් කිඳ, රස කිඳ Native DD

Family: Moraceae
Moraceae Ficus hispida 1 1 බකොට දිඹුල Native LC
Moraceae Ficus racemosa 1 අට්ටික්කා Native LC
Moraceae Ficus religiosa 1 බබෝ Exotic
Family: Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae Syzygium caryophyllatum 1 දං, හීන් දං Native LC

Family: Nymphaeaceae

Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea pubescens 1 ඇත් ඕළු, ඕළු Native LC aquatic

Family: Oxalidaceae
Oxalidaceae Oxalis barrelieri 1 Exotic
 Family: Passifloraceae
ඩ බගඩි, ඩ වැල්, උඩහළු,
Passifloraceae Passiflora foetida 1 Exotic
වැල් බදළුම්
Family: Phyllanthaceae
Phyllanthaceae Breynia vitis-idaea 1 1 ගස් කයිල Native LC
Phyllanthaceae Flueggea leucopyrus 1 1 හීන් ක‍ටු පිළ, ක‍ටු පිළ Native LC
Endem
Phyllanthaceae Glochidion zeylanicum 1 LC marsh edge
ic
එළ පිටවක්කා, නිරුරි, බිං
Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus debilis 1 Native LC
බනල්ලි
Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus urinaria 1 රත් පිටවක්කා Native LC
Family: Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae Scoparia dulcis 1 වල් බකොත්තමල්ලි Exotic
Family: Poaceae
Poaceae Axonopus compressus 1 බ ොතු තණ Exotic
බැල තණ, වල් කුරක්කන්,
Poaceae Eleusine indica 1 Native LC
වල් මල් කුරක්කන්
Poaceae Pennisetum polystachion 1 Exotic

Family: Pontederiaceae

Pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes 1 1 ජ න් ජබර Exotic aquatic, invisive

Family: Rhamnaceae
Rhamnaceae Ziziphus oenoplia 1 හීන් එරමිණියා Native LC
Family: Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophoraceae Bruguiera sexangula 1 1 Native VU mangrove
Rhizophoraceae Carallia brachiata 1 දවට Native NT
කබඩොල්, එළ කබඩොල්, මහ
Rhizophoraceae Rhizophora mucronata 1 Native LC mangrove
කබඩොල්
Family: Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae Oldenlandia biflora 1 හීන් කවුඩුදළ Native LC
Rubiaceae Oldenlandia corymbosa 1 වල් ත් ාඩගම් Native LC
Rubiaceae Spermacoce ocymifolia 1 Exotic
Rubiaceae Spermacoce verticillata 1 Exotic
Family: Sapindaceae

Sapindaceae Cardiospermum halicacabum 1 1 බ බනල වැල්, වැල් බ බනල Native LC

Family: Sphenocleaceae
Sphenocleaceae Sphenoclea zeylanica 1 මහ මුඩුමහ Native LC marsh
Family: Typhaceae
Typhaceae Typha angustifolia 1 හම්බු න් Native LC marsh, invasive
Family: Verbanaceae
Verbenaceae Stachytarpheta urticifolia 1 1 Exotic
Total number of spp recorded 57 35 52
Floral checklist of Bolgoda South Lake - Annex 8b

Bodhirukkaram Kawatayagoda
Name of the location Bellana
a mawatha Road
Lake,scrub Lake,scrub,mar Marsh,lake,
Habitat
marsh sh scrub,canal
Origine - Redlist Micro
Family APG III Species Sinhala Term
Complex 2012 habitat

Family: Acanthaceae

Acanthaceae Asystasia gangetica පුරුක්, රිලා පුරුක් Native LC

Acanthaceae Hygrophila ringens 1 1 නිල් පුරුක් Native LC marsh
Family: Alismataceae
Alismataceae Limnocharis flava 1 1 දිය ග ෝවා Exotic marsh
Family: Amaranthaceae
කරල් හැබ, ස් කරල්හැබ,
Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera 1 Native LC
කරල්සැගබෝ
Amaranthaceae Alternanthera sessilis 1 මුකුණුවැන්න Native LC
Family: Anacardiaceae
Anacardiaceae Lannea coromandelica 1 හික් Native LC
Family: Annonaceae
ගවල් අගනෝදා, ගවල් marsh,
Annonaceae Annona glabra 1 1 1 Exotic
ආත්තා invasive
Family: Apocynaceae
හවරි නු , යකඩමරන්,
Apocynaceae Alstonia macrophylla 1 Exotic invasive
අට්ග ෝනියා, ගිනිකූරු ස්
රුක් අත්තන, ඇත් මද, ස්
Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris 1 Native LC
රුක් අත්තන
marsh
Apocynaceae Cerbera odollam 1 1 1 ග ොන් කදුරු, දිය කදුරු Native LC
edge
ැරඬි දුල්, ග ෝපි, කිරි
Apocynaceae Ichnocarpus frutescens 1 වැල්, ප්‍රියවර්ණ, මහ ඉරමුසු Native LC
වැල්
කිරි අඟුණ, වැල් අඟුණ,
Apocynaceae Parsonsia alboflavescens 1 1 Native LC
වල් අඟුණ
Tabernaemontana
Apocynaceae 1 1 දිවි කදුරු Native LC
dichotoma
marsh
Apocynaceae Tylophora flexuosa 1 1 Native LC
edge
Apocynaceae Tylophora indica 1 බිම් නු , මී නු Native LC
 Family: Aponogetonaceae

Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton dassanayakei 1 1 1 aquatic

Family: Araceae
Araceae Alocasia macrorrhizos 1 1 හබරල Exotic
marsh,
Araceae Colocasia esculenta 1 හල Native LC
invasive
ගකොහිල, ඇඟිලි ගකොහිල,
Araceae Lasia spinosa 1 Native LC marsh
මහ ගකොහිල
Araceae Pothos scandens 1 1 ග ෝ ා වැල් Native LC
Araceae Typhonium roxburghii 1 ග ොග ොන් අල Native NT
Family: Araliaceae
Araliaceae Hydrocotyle verticillata 1 Exotic
Family: Arecaceae
Arecaceae Nypa fruticans 1 ගිිං ග ොල් Native VU mangrove
Family: Asparagaceae
Asparagaceae Asparagus falcatus 1 හාතවාරිය, මහ හාතවාරිය Native LC
Family: Asteraceae
ග ොඩි සිඤ්ගඤොමරන්,
Asteraceae Chromolaena odorata 1 Exotic
ගලොක්කන් නට් ිං
Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata 1 කීකිරිඳි, සින්දු කිරිඳි Native LC marsh
ම් ාළු, ගකගහල් ාළු,
Asteraceae Mikania cordata 1 1 1 ගලෝක ාළු, මහ කිහිඹිය, Exotic
වතු ාළු, ගදම වැල්

Asteraceae Sphagneticola calendulacea 1 1 1 රන්වන් කීකිරිඳි Native LC marsh

උදය කුමාරි, කහ කරාබු,
Asteraceae Sphagneticola trilobata 1 1 1 Exotic invasive
අරුණගේවි

Asteraceae Struchium sparganophorum 1 1 1 Exotic marsh

Asteraceae Synedrella nodiflora 1 Exotic

Family: Balsaminaceae
Balsaminaceae Hydrocera triflora 1 දිය කූඩළු, වල් කූඩළු Native LC marsh

Family: Cannabaceae
Cannabaceae Trema orientalis 1 ැඩුඹ Native LC

Family: Cleomaceae

Cleomaceae Cleome rutidosperma 1 Exotic

 Family: Clusiaceae
Clusiaceae Garcinia quaesita 1 ග ොරකා, රත් ග ොරකා Endemic LC
Family: Combretaceae
Combretaceae Terminalia catappa 1 1 ගකොට් ම්බා, ගකොට් න් Exotic
Family: Commelinaceae
marsh
Commelinaceae Commelina diffusa 1 1 ගිරා ා, තණ ා Native LC
edge
marsh
Commelinaceae Murdannia spirata 1 1 Endemic LC
edge
Family: Convolvulaceae
Convolvulaceae Aniseia martinicensis 1 1 1 ග ොතු ා Exotic marsh
Convolvulaceae Argyreia populifolia 1 ගිරිතිල්ල Endemic LC
Convolvulaceae Ipomoea aquatica 1 කිංකුිං Native LC marsh
මුදු බිම් තඹුරු, එ බිම්
Convolvulaceae Ipomoea pes-caprae 1 Native LC
තඹුරු
Convolvulaceae Merremia tridentata 1 හවරි මදු, හීන් මදු Native LC
Convolvulaceae Merremia umbellata 1 කිරි මදු, මහ මදු Native LC
Family: Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbitaceae Gymnopetalum scabrum 1 Native VU

Family: Cyperaceae
Cyperaceae Eleocharis acutangula 1 1 Native LC marsh
Family: Dilleniaceae
marsh
Dilleniaceae Dillenia retusa 1 1 ග ොඩ ර Native LC
edge
Dilleniaceae Dillenia suffruticosa 1 1 ර, දිය ර, ග ොඩ ර Exotic invasive
Family: Dioscoreaceae
බකමූණු වැල්, ණු
Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea bulbifera 1 Native LC
කගඩොල්, උදල

Family: Eriocaulaceae

Eriocaulaceae Eriocaulon truncatum 1 Native LC marsh

Family: Euphorbiaceae
Euphorbiaceae Croton hirtus 1 ිං ගවද, වල් තිප්පිලි Exotic
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia heterophylla 1 වල් රබර්, කැපුම්කීරිය Exotic
Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia hirta 1 බූ දද කීරිය Native LC
Euphorbiaceae Macaranga peltata 1 1 කැන්ද, ත් කැන්ද Native LC
Euphorbiaceae Ricinus communis 1 එඬරු Exotic
Family: Fabaceae
potential
Fabaceae Acacia auriculiformis 1 Exotic
invasive
Fabaceae Alysicarpus vaginalis 1 අස්වැන්න, රතු අස්වැන්න Native LC
Fabaceae Caesalpinia crista 1 දිය වවුලැටිය Native VU
Fabaceae Centrosema pubescens 1 1 Exotic
Fabaceae Clitoria laurifolia 1 1 අඬනහිරිය Exotic
marsh
Fabaceae Derris trifoliata 1 1 කල වැල් Native LC
edge

Fabaceae Desmodium heterophyllum 1 1 1 මහ උඳුපියලිය Native LC

Fabaceae Desmodium triflorum 1 හීන් උඳුපියලිය Native LC
Fabaceae Flemingia strobilifera 1 හම්පිල්ල, හම්පින්න Native LC
Fabaceae Mimosa diplotricha 1 වැල් නිදිකුම්බා Exotic invasive
Fabaceae Mimosa pudica 1 1 නිදිකුම්බා Exotic
බූ ගතෝර, ර ගතෝර, ඇත්
Fabaceae Senna alata 1 Exotic
‍ගතෝර, රත් ගතෝර
Fabaceae Senna occidentalis 1 ැණි ගතෝර, හිවල් ගතෝර Native LC
Fabaceae Senna tora 1 ග ති ගතෝර Native LC
Family: Flagellariaceae
Flagellariaceae Flagellaria indica 1 1 ග ොයි වැල් Native LC marsh
Family: Hanguanaceae
Hanguanaceae Hanguana malayana 1 1 1 ඉඳුරු Exotic marsh
Family: Hydrocharitaceae
Hydrocharitaceae Blyxa aubertii 1 1 දියහවරිය Native LC aquatic
Family: Lamiaceae
Lamiaceae Anisomeles indica 1 යක් වනස්ස Native LC
Lamiaceae Clerodendrum infortunatum 1 1 ස් පින්න, පින්න Native LC
Lamiaceae Hyptis capitata 1 1 Exotic
Lamiaceae Hyptis suaveolens 1 අලි තල Exotic
මිදි, වල් මිදි, මහ මිදි, මිදි
Lamiaceae Premna serratifolia 1 1 1 Native LC
ස්, සිහින් මිදි, හීන් මිදි
 ගබෝගර්න්ද, බූගරන්ද, marsh
Lamiaceae Volkameria inermis 1 Native LC
ගුලින්ද, වල් ගුරුන්ද edge
Family: Lauraceae
Lauraceae Cassytha filiformis 1 Native LC
Lauraceae Cinnamomum verum 1 1 කුරුඳු Endemic VU
Family: Lecythidaceae
ග ොඩ මිගදල්ල, දිය marsh
Lecythidaceae Barringtonia racemosa 1 1 Native LC
මිගදල්ල, මිගදල්ල edge
Family: Lentibulariaceae
Lentibulariaceae Utricularia aurea 1 1 1 දිය ාසි Native LC aquatic
Lentibulariaceae Utricularia bifida 1 කහ ඉන්දියන් තරු Native NT marsh
Lentibulariaceae Utricularia caerulea 1 නිල් ගමොණ‍රැස්ස Native LC marsh
Lentibulariaceae Utricularia reticulata 1 නිල් ගමොණ‍රැස්ස Native LC marsh
Family: Linderniaceae
Linderniaceae Lindernia ciliata 1 Native NT marsh
Linderniaceae Lindernia crustacea 1 1 Native LC marsh
Linderniaceae Lindernia rotundifolia 1 Native LC marsh
Family: Loranthaceae
Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcata 1 1 1 ගදළුම් පිළිල Native LC
Family: Lythraceae
Lythraceae Sonneratia caseolaris 1 කිරිල්ල, කිරල, රත් කිරිල්ල Native LC mangrove

Family: Malvaceae
අගනෝදා, ගේත් අගනෝදා,
Malvaceae Abutilon indicum 1 Native LC
වක් අගනෝදා, නා ග ඩි
Malvaceae Hibiscus tilliaceus 1 1 ගබලි ට් , වල් ගබලි Native LC marsh
Malvaceae Sida acuta 1 ස් බැබිල Native LC
Malvaceae Sida rhombifolia 1 හීන් බැබිල Native LC
Malvaceae Urena lobata 1 ට් ඇ ල, ඇ ල Native LC
Malvaceae Urena sinuata 1 1 ට් ඇ ල, හීන් ඇ ල Native LC
Malvaceae Grewia orientalis 1 වැල් කෑලිය, වැල් මැදිය Native LC
potential
Malvaceae Muntingia calabura 1 ජෑම් Exotic
invasive
 Family: Melastomataceae
ගබෝවිටියා, ක කළු
Melastomataceae Melastoma malabathricum 1 1 1 ගබෝවිටියා, මහ ගබෝවිටියා, Native LC
ක කළුවා
දැදි කහ, ගදොඩන්කහ, වැල්
Melastomataceae Memecylon capitellatum 1 1 කහ, වැලි කහ, ඉදල් හ, Endemic LC
අඳුන්, කායම්

Family: Menyanthaceae
Menyanthaceae Nymphoides parvifolia 1 බිිං ඕළු Native EN aquatic
Family: Moraceae
Moraceae Ficus religiosa 1 ගබෝ Exotic
Family: Myristicaceae
රුක්, රුක් ග ඩි, තලන්,
Myristicaceae Horsfieldia iryaghedhi 1 1 Endemic VU
ම ගබොඩ
Family: Myrtaceae
Myrtaceae Syzygium caryophyllatum 1 1 1 දිං, හීන් දිං Native LC

Family: Nymphaeaceae
Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea nouchali 1 1 1 මාගනල් Native VU aquatic
Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea pubescens 1 1 ඇත් ඕළු, ඕළු Native LC aquatic
Family: Onagraceae
Onagraceae Ludwigia hyssopifolia 1 1 1 Native LC marsh
Onagraceae Ludwigia octovalvis 1 1 1 Native LC marsh
Family: Oxalidaceae
ස් නිදිකුම්බා, හීන්
Oxalidaceae Biophytum reinwardtii 1 Native LC
නිදිකුම්බා, බිිං ගනල්ලි
Oxalidaceae Oxalis barrelieri 1 Exotic
Family: Pandanaceae
Pandanaceae Pandanus kaida 1 1 1 වැ ගකයියා Native LC marsh
Family: Passifloraceae
ඩ ග ඩි, ඩ වැල්,
Passifloraceae Passiflora foetida 1 1 Exotic
උඩහළු, වැල් ගදළුම්
 Family: Phyllanthaceae

Phyllanthaceae Antidesma alexiteria 1 හීන් ඇඹිල්ල Native LC

Phyllanthaceae Antidesma ghaesembilla 1 1 බූ ඇඹිල්ල Native LC

මා ත් කැබැල්ල,
Phyllanthaceae Aporosa cardiosperma 1 1 Native LC
කම්ග ොත්ත, ැපිලිය
Phyllanthaceae Breynia vitis-idaea 1 ස් කයිල Native LC
marsh
Phyllanthaceae Glochidion zeylanicum 1 1 1 Endemic LC
edge
එ පි වක්කා, නිරුරි, බිිං
Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus debilis 1 Native LC
ගනල්ලි
Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus urinaria 1 රත් පි වක්කා Native LC
Phyllanthaceae Sauropus androgynus 1 මැල්ල දුම්ගකො , ජ න් බ‍ටු Native LC

Family: Plantaginaceae

Plantaginaceae Bacopa monnieri 1 ලුණුවිල Native LC marsh

Plantaginaceae Limnophila repens 1 1 1 අඹ විල, සඹ විල Native LC marsh
Plantaginaceae Scoparia dulcis 1 වල් ගකොත්තමල්ලි Exotic
Family: Poaceae
Poaceae Axonopus compressus 1 ග ොතු තණ Exotic
Poaceae Chrysopogon aciculatus 1 තුත්තිරි Native LC
ගිණි තණ, ර තණ,
Poaceae Panicum maximum 1 Exotic
ගිනිකී‍රැස්ස

Family: Pontederiaceae
aquatic,
Pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes 1 1 1 ජ න් ජබර Exotic
invasive
Pontederiaceae Monochoria vaginalis 1 දිය හබරල, ජබර Native LC

Family: Potamogetonaceae

Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton nodosus 1 Native LC aquatic

Family: Primulaceae
marsh
Primulaceae Ardisia elliptica 1 1 1 බලු දිං Native LC
edge

Family: Rhamnaceae
Rhamnaceae Ziziphus oenoplia 1 හීන් එරමිණියා Native LC
Family: Rhizophoraceae
Rhizophoraceae Carallia brachiata 1 1 දව Native NT
Family: Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae Ixora coccinea 1 1 1 රත්මල් Exotic
Rubiaceae Morinda umbellata 1 කිරි වැල්,මහ කිරි වැල් Native LC
Rubiaceae Oldenlandia auricularia 1 1 ැ ගකො Endemic VU
Rubiaceae Spermacoce ocymifolia 1 1 Exotic
Rubiaceae Spermacoce verticillata 1 Exotic
Family: Salicaceae
ක‍ටු කුරුඳු, ක‍ටු කීරි, ක‍ටු
Salicaceae Scolopia pusilla 1 Endemic LC
ගකන්ද

Family: Sapindaceae
Cardiospermum ග ගනල වැල්, වැල්
Sapindaceae 1 Native LC
halicacabum ග ගනල
Family: Sapotaceae
මූණමල්, මුගුණ, මුකුරු,
Sapotaceae Mimusops elengi 1 Native NT
සිිංහ ගක්සර

Family: Sphenocleaceae
Sphenocleaceae Sphenoclea zeylanica මහ මුඩුමහ Native LC marsh

Family: Symplocaceae

Symplocaceae Symplocos cochinchinensis 1 1 ගබෝඹු Native LC

Family: Vitaceae
Vitaceae Leea indica 1 1 1 බුරුල්ල, ගුරුල්ල Native LC
aquatic,inv
Salviniaceae Salvinia molesta 1 1 1 සැල්වීනියා Exotic asive
Total number of spp
57 67 107
recorded