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The Relationship of South Korean Influence (K-pop and K-drama)

to the Nationalism of Grade 12 ABM and

HUMSS Students in EAC-SHS

A Research Proposal

Presented to the English Faculty

Of Emilio Aguinaldo College

Senior High School

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for

Research in Daily Life 2

Villanueva, Jenica M.

Abinguna, Alexist Aliekcai C.

Camato, Nouvel A.

Ponce, Melissa Dianne T.

Cajulao, Kent C.

Lledo, Gayle Louise C.

Pilante, Jennifer P.

Pagaduan, Dana Victoria G.

Abad, Jomar D.

October 2017

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Abstract

This research paper focused on the relationship of South Korean influence, particularly

K-pop and K-drama, to the Nationalism of Grade 12 ABM and HUMSS students in EAC-SHS. It

includes the strands in EAC-SHS who have the greatest number of students who are interested

to either K-pop, K-drama or both. The researchers of this study found out that there is indeed a

relationship between the two involved subject matters (South Korean influence and Nationalism

of students) as there are respondents of the study who scored low in the test about Philippine

Culture and high in the test part about South Korean Culture. The paper provided a list of the

things that Filipinos, specifically the youth, can do to balance their interest towards other

countries and patriotism to the Philippines given that there is a tendency of today’s generation

to admire other culture which in this study is South Koreans, and appreciate less the Philippine

culture in terms of its music and telenovelas.

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Introduction

There are more than 35 million K-pop fans around the world; and thousands out of this

million can be found in Asia, particularly, Philippines. Since 2009, which is considered to be the

birth year of K-pop in the country, the population of Filipinos that are hooked with Korean music

just kept on growing. According to a research paper done by Arriola (2013) entitled, “Korean Pop

invasion in the Philippines: a Threat to OPM?,” Todd Joseph Miles Holden, a social scientist and

philosopher, defined K-pop as a genre of music and a subculture at the same time that originated

in South Korea which comprises a wide spectrum of both musical and visual elements. But it is

not just K-pop that took over the hearts of many Filipinos, not to forget the Korean dramas as

well.

Florinda Mateo, a UP professor for Communication Research, stated in a 2012 interview

with Rappler about Hallyu in the Philippines that the primary reason why Filipinos are very much

captivated by South Korean dramas is because of the way on how these stories are written;

unlike usual plots, K-dramas usually depart from the common manner of delivering a story.

Korean dramas capture the interests of Filipino viewers because of its faster development of plot

and quicker pace unlike the usual dramas in the country before that run for more than a year

and tend to create more subtopics. Aside from this, Filipinos also admired the fact that South

Korean actors can do drama and at the same time influence their character with sense of humor.

K-pop and K-drama both belong to ‘Hallyu’ or the Korean Wave that pertains to the popularity of

South Korean entertainment and culture that started in the late 1990’s, and reached the

Philippines in 2003 with the first South Korean telenovela aired locally namely Autumn in my

Heart (Santamaria, 2012).

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With the advent of technology, information can be disseminated quickly yet it can reach

millions and billions of people around the globe. K-pop artists use this as their advantage

compared to their Western counterparts. K-pop artists make use of social media to become

closer to their fans wherever they may be making it easier for the fans to be updated about their

idols and get to know them even more. A particular social site is the V- Live Broadcasting App

launched in 2015 by NAVER Corp., a South Korea-based company. V-Live allows fans to watch

special live videos of their favorite artists and conveniently follow their activities. Through this

application, K-pop artists can easily reached out to their fans by having live interviews and other

interactions online. Another thing that keeps the people hooked with K-pop is the existence of

different fan bases that grew and grew in the past years showing just how great impact the South

Korean influence is to the Filipinos in particular.

The South Korean influence that is highly observable in the Philippines today bears both

negative and positive effects. Positive in a way that it strengthens the ties between South Korea

and the Philippines because Filipinos tend to somehow lessen being influenced by Western

countries and instead appreciate their fellow Asian’s culture. However, as mentioned, it can be

viewed negatively for the reason that Filipinos are becoming overly-driven to the Korean culture

resulting to the loss of one’s identity and negligence of patriotism for one’s own country. Another

negative side of the influx of South Korean influence is the K-pop or the Korean music being a

threat to the OPM or Original Pilipino Music. K-pop, being more preferred by youth today,

became the competitor of OPM in terms of album and concert ticket sales, fan-base events,

merchandise purchasing, and worst, in terms of popularity. Ree Ocampo supposed that the

competition between K-pop music and OPM pictures a scene of “the fall of OPM and the rise of

K-pop music in the Philippines” (Ariola, 2013).

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Filipinos are known for their colorful and lively culture composed primarily of folk dances

originating from different provinces as well as the traditions and festivals that honed the

Philippine history, arts, and distinct identity from other countries. However, as the country’s new

generation strives to maintain or identify their identity, Filipinos, mainly the youth, are being more

influenced by the South Korean arts and culture making the struggle for the nation’s individuality

more challenging.

Speaking in terms of K-dramas, Filipino telenovelas and movies now tend to adopt

the kind of style that the former has since it stimulated more interests from viewers. Before,

telenovelas in the country are ran in a span of long time with many series and tangled issues

that major characters must uncover or solve. But with the popularity of K-dramas, Filipinos

learned how to shortened the usual length of telenovelas and create stories that are fast-paced

that usually last only for three months on maximum and are more straight forward— given the

fact that Filipino telenovelas air on a daily basis while K-dramas show in South Korea weekly. In

relation to this, Cong. Lito Atienza of Buhay Partylist filed in 2014 the House Bill No. 3839 that

aimed to lessen airing of foreign telenovelas including K-dramas, from 6-10pm as these hours

should be allotted only for homegrown shows. Cong. Atienza explained how the airing of foreign

shows push Filipino telenovelas to unfavorable slots when it deserves to be in the primetime

which happens to be the peak of television broadcasts in weekdays (Bacani, 2014). However,

regardless of the time slots, Filipino telenovelas are thought to never upgrade to something close

to Hollywood level in an article written by Paulo Bayabos for 8list— an online site that enlist top

reasons and the like, about particular topics. He explained primary reasons why Filipino

telenovelas lose the interest of the current generation. Some of which are use of obsolete

Tagalog words for titles, conversation styles that are similar to theater manner of delivery,

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different episodes every night, inappropriate looks of artists that does not complement their roles,

and most of all, the common plots that revolve only on love stories despite a touch of social

issues or heroic themes. These, according to Bayabos, makes the Filipino telenovelas weaker

and less interesting compared to South Korean, Thai or US series (Bayabos, 2014).

On a deeper sense, the South Korean influence challenges the Filipinos to produce more

interesting style of works that can compete with Korean dramas and music. Nonetheless, it turns

out that as Filipinos struggle to mark its own identity, they tend to imitate what other cultures

have lessening the probability of producing original ideas that cause weakness to the Philippine

music and telenovelas.

In a more specific level, youth of today are undeniably more concerned with foreign music,

movies and television series. And when the word ‘addict’ is used to describe the Filipinos

youngsters, it really defines how they are very enthusiastic with South Korean music and

dramas. The youth spends a lot of time in watching their idols online, stalking their social media

accounts, attending events, purchasing merchandise, and attending concerts— ‘fangirling’, in

one word. No matter how it costs, even if it is worth more than their school allowance, Filipino

K-pop and K-drama fans see to it that they will be able to put into action their label of being die-

hard fans. Sometimes, they even sacrifice more important things just to prioritize watching more

episodes of South Korean dramas. For example, a student posted how she is supposed to study

for the examinations but is watching K-drama at the time she updated her status (Dow, 2014).

And since they are very enthusiastic about the South Korean culture, they are more likely to

study or imitate what South Koreans do. Fans do eat Korean noodles, wears fashion inspired by

their idols such as layering of top clothes or loose shirts paired with skin-tight colorful jeans, and

even study the Korean language to further understand their favorites artists and stars. In

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connection to this, the Department of Education (DepEd) Secretary Leonor Briones and the

Korean Ambassador Kim Jae Shin recently signed the memorandum of agreement for the

Special Program in Foreign Language (SPFL) that approves the teaching of Korean language

in public schools in the Philippines, with the hope to hone students on how to effectively use the

language to be communicative competent and competitive in accepting opportunities whether in

local or international employment (Nelz, 2017).

Soren Kierkegaard explained, “When you adopt the standards and the values of someone

else, you surrender your own integrity [and] become, to the extent of your surrender, less of a

human being.” Today’s generation are currently being questioned and doubted by elders as the

latter try to comprehend the reason why youngsters are so into South Korean music and drama.

On a larger picture, it can be considered now as a challenge to figure out how patriotic these

generation is regardless of continuous appreciation of South Korean culture while failing to

apprize that of the Philippines. Having this known, the researchers of this study came up with

identifying whether these allegations are true by conducting a study that aimed to know the

relationship of South Korean influence to the nationalism of Filipino youth, which in this study is

comprised of Grade 12 ABM and HUMSS students in Emilio Aguinaldo College – Senior High

School Manila. Specifically, it will answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the participants in terms of:

1.1. Gender

1.2. Age

1.3. Nationality/Citizenship

1.4. Interests/Hobbies

2. What do the participants prefer to do during:

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2.1. Leisure time

2.2. Free hours at night

2.3. Vacant hours in school

3. How well do the participants know the Philippine and South Korean culture

in terms of:

3.1. Language

3.2. History (Music and Dramas)

3.3. Celebrities (Both new and veteran)

8
Method

Participants

In order to assure the appropriateness of the group of respondents to be chosen, the

researchers decided to conduct an initial survey to all the Grade 12 Senior High School students

of Emilio Aguinaldo College – Manila. This initial survey contained questions that determined

which strand and section has the most number of enthusiasts for K-pop, K-drama, or both. In

this way, the researchers was able to avoid extracting data from respondents who are only

chosen for purposive sampling. After conducting the initial survey, the researchers found out the

strand which has the most and least number of interested in K-pop, K-drama, or both.

Strand Interested Interested Interested Total Total number of Total number


in K-pop in K-drama in Both students who took in
the initial survey percentage
ABM 2 56 48 106 142 74.13%
HUMSS 3 56 30 89 126 70.63%
TVL- 0 14 5 19 27 70.37%
PROG/ROB
TVL- 0 22 16 38 62 61.29%
FBS/HK
Sports 1 15 2 18 30 60%
STEM 1 57 23 81 138 58.7%
Total: 7 220 134 352 528 66.67%
Figure 1: Summary of the Initial Survey Results

The figure above shows that 66.86% of all the Grade 12 students who took the initial

survey, which is 352 students over the total population of 528, are interested in either K-pop, K-

drama, or both. ABM strand garnering 74.13% appears to have the greatest number of interested

students followed by HUMSS strand with 70.63% while STEM strand have the least at 58.7%.

With the help of the results of the initial survey, the researchers were able to found out

that the appropriate strand to be chosen as the respondents of the study is the ABM

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(Accountancy, Business and Management) and HUMSS (Humanities and Social Sciences)

strand as it has the most number of students who are fascinated with South Korean music and
𝑁
telenovelas. Following Sloven’s formula for sample size (n) = 1+𝑁𝑒 2, where N is the size of the

finite population and e is the margin of errors, 84 respondents from the ABM strand will be

needed to answer the survey questionnaire that will test the knowledge of the participants about

both South Korean and Filipino culture. However, when the researchers started to conduct actual

surveys to the ABM students, the volunteers did not reach to a number of 84. Therefore, the

researchers decided to have the HUMSS students take the remaining survey questionnaires as

this is the second strand who got the highest number of students who are interested in South

Korean music and dramas.

Research Sample

The researchers included questions in the initial survey that elicited the opinion of the

students with regards to the effect of South Korean influence to one’s nationalism. At the same

time, a question asking for the student’s view on which is better, K-pop or OPM (Original Pilipino

Music), was also counted in. The resulting responses of the students turned out to be varied.

There are students who are not interested but believed that South Korean influence do affect

the patriotism of students as Filipinos.

10
Strand/Trac Interested to K-pop, K-drama, or both Not interested to both Total
k Responded Responde Total Responded Responde number of
Yes d No Responses Yes d No responden
ts
ABM 19 87 106 3 34 143
HUMSS 6 83 89 0 37 126
STEM 14 67 81 0 57 138
TVL-FBS/HK 9 30 39 0 24 63
TVL- 6 13 19 1 7 27
PROG/ROB
SPORTS 0 18 18 0 13 31
TOTAL: 54 – 298 - 4 – 0.08% 172 -
10.23% 56.43% 32.58%
Figure 2: Distribution Table of Responses to Question No. 4 “Do you prefer Korean music than

Original Pilipino Music?”

The above figure shows that 10.23% of students who are interested in either K-pop, K-

drama, or both prefer South Korean music than OPM (Original Pilipino Music). On the other

hand, 56.43% still prefer OPM than South Korean music despite being interested to either K-

pop, K-drama or both. A total of 0.08% of students prefer South Korean music despite being not

interested to K-pop, K-drama, or both while 32.58% students who are not interested to K-pop,

K-drama, or both prefer OPM than Korean music. It can be inferred from this statistics that being

interested to K-pop, K-drama, or both doesn’t necessarily mean that one prefers Korean music

than OPM. On the other hand, it is surprising to know that there are students who are, regardless

of being not interested or influenced by South Korean music or telenovelas, prefer K-pop than

OPM. It can be inferred from this few people representing the 0.08% that there are students who

find South Korean music interesting even without getting hooked to it.

11
Strand/Trac Interested to K-pop, K-drama, or both Not interested to both Total
k Responded Responde Total Responded Responde number of
Yes d No Responses Yes d No responden
ts
ABM 82 24 106 10 27 143
HUMSS 57 32 89 10 27 126
STEM 50 31 81 13 44 138
TVL-FBS/HK 19 20 39 2 22 63
TVL- 11 8 19 2 6 27
PROG/ROB
SPORTS 4 14 18 1 12 31
TOTAL: 223 – 129 - 38 – 7.2% 138 -
42.23% 24.43% 26.14 %

Figure 3: Distribution Table of Responses to Question No. 5 “Do you think K-dramas are better

than Philippine telenovelas?”

The table above shows that 42.23% of students interested in either K-pop, K-drama, or

both think that K-dramas are better than Philippine telenovelas. However, despite of being

interested to K-pop, K-drama or both, 24.43% of students still think that K-dramas are not better

than Philippine telenovelas. Conversely, 7.2% of students think that K-dramas are better than

Philippine telenovelas regardless of being not interested to either K-pop, K-drama, or both while

26.14% of students who are not interested in either K-pop, K-drama, or both think that K-dramas

are not better than Philippine telenovelas. From here, it can be concluded that students still have

varied opinions when it comes to being asked on which is better between K-dramas and

Philippine telenovelas regardless of being interested in K-pop, K-drama, or both.

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Responded Yes Responded No
Strand Interested in K-pop, Not interested in Interested in K-pop, Not interested in
K-drama, or both both K-drama, or both both
ABM 106 15 35 20
HUMSS 89 18 31 19
STEM 81 27 30 30
TVL- 19 6 10 2
PROG/ROB
TVL- FBS/HK 29 9 11 15
SPORTS 12 6 6 7
Total: 336 Total: 123

Figure 4: Distribution Table of Responses to Question No. 8 “Do you think Korean influence

particularly K-pop and K-drama can affect one’s nationalism as a Filipino?”

It can be derived from here that a total of 63.88% responded yes when asked if they think

South Korean influence affect the students’ nationalism. To further elaborate, 336 students who

responded yes out of 459 students who are interested in K-pop, K-drama, or both, 73.2% agreed

that South Korean influence do affect one’s nationalism. Therefore, even in the initial survey, it

can already be inferred that those students who are interested in K-pop, K-drama, or both also

find these as factors that can affect one’s nationalism. If these answers are based on their

observations among themselves or to other people, the researchers found out upon conducting

the actual survey from the chosen respondents— the 84 participants from ABM and HUMSS

Strand. The actual survey tested the knowledge of the selected students on both South Korean

and Filipino culture particularly, music and telenovelas. The resulting findings from the actual

survey provided the answer whether the effect of South Korean influence on the nationalism of

the students is observable or not. At the same time, the findings were interpreted to further prove

and/or explain, if there is, the true relationship of South Korean influence to the nationalism of

Grade 12 students specifically in the ABM strand of EAC-SHS.

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Procedures

The researchers first made the letter to ask permission to advisers and/or professors to

conduct the initial survey during their time. After which, the researchers conducted the initial

survey for each section of Grade 12 students within two days. The said initial survey contained

eight (8) questions about the students’ preferences which will determine if they are enthusiasts

of K-pop, K-drama, or both. The researchers classified the responses based on the strand and

gender of the students, as well as the four categories assigned: Interested in K-pop, Interested

in K-drama, Interested in both, and Not interested in both.

Figure 5: Distribution Table of Initial Survey Results

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Out of the accomplished table of the initial survey results, the researchers added the total

number of students interested in K-pop, K-drama, and both. The sum was the divided by the

total number of present students during the time of conducting the survey to derive the

percentage of students who are interested in either K-pop, K-drama, or both. From this

percentage, the researchers were able to determine the strand with the most number of students

who are fascinated to the South Korean music and telenovelas— ABM strand with the total

number of 106 students out of the 143 respondents who took the initial survey (refer to Figure 1

for the summary of the initial survey results).

The researchers made use of the Sloven’s formula for sampling method to determine the

number of respondents who undergone the actual test focused on the topic of the research

study— relationship of South Korean influence to the students’ nationalism as Filipinos. Through
𝑁
following Sloven’s formula for sample size (n) = 1+𝑁𝑒 2 , where N is the size of the finite population

and e is the margin of errors, the researchers derived a total of 84 respondents from the ABM

strand. The researchers assigned 0.05 as the margin of errors and 106 students for the total

population of those who are interested in K-pop, K-drama, or both since the total number of 143

students who took the initial survey still comprise those who are not interested in neither of the

abovementioned preferences. Questionnaires was distributed to these 84 respondents who

were dispersed in the four sections of the ABM strand and the remaining unanswered

questionnaires to the three sections of HUMSS strand.

15
Analysis

The first thing that the researchers did to analyze the data obtained from the actual survey

was the evaluation through tabulation. Scores were tabulated depending on the categories: (1)

Students who are interested with South Korean influence which has high scores in the test about

South Korean Culture but low scores in the test about Filipino Culture, (2) Students who are

interested with South Korean influence which has both high scores in the test about South

Korean Culture and the test about Filipino Culture, (3) Students who are interested with South

Korean influence which has low scores in the test about South Korean Culture but high scores

in the test about Filipino Culture, and (4) Students who are interested with South Korean

influence which has both low scores in the test about South Korean Culture and the test about

Filipino Culture. From here, the researchers will interpret the results to find out if the students

who are interested in South Korean influence particularly K-pop and K-drama are less

knowledgeable about the Philippine’s own music and telenovelas. Since it is also possible that

students who are interested in K-pop, K-drama, or both will obtain both low scores in the test

about the South Korean and Filipino culture, the researchers will use the appropriate graph the

represent the results and clearly state the relationship of South Korean influence to the

nationalism of the students.

16
Results

After having the actual survey conducted, the researchers checked the scores of the

respondents in the survey questionnaire composed of 15 items each for South Korean and

Philippine Culture parts. After which, the researchers assigned a score of 10 and above as

scores that can be considered as high while a score of 9 and below as low scores. The table

below shows the distribution of scores following the aforementioned assigned classification and

the four categories which are students who are interested in South Korean music and influence

that has 1) High score in South Korean culture but low score in Philippine culture, 2) Low score

in South Korean culture but high score in Philippine culture, 3) Both high scores in South Korean

and Philippine culture, and 4) Both low scores in South Korean and Philippine culture.

Strand and High in Low in Both high in Both low in Total number
section South South South South of
Korean Korean Korean Korean respondents
Culture, Culture, Culture and Culture and
Low in High in in Philippine in Philippine
Philippine Philippine Culture Culture
Culture Culture
ABM 1 9 0 1 6 16
ABM 2 4 0 0 9 13
ABM 3 0 2 0 13 15
ABM 4 2 0 0 8 10
HUMSS 1 5 1 4 6 16
HUMSS 2 1 2 0 4 7
HUMSS 3 1 0 0 6 7
Total 22 5 5 52 84
Percentage 26% 6% 6% 62%

Figure 6: Distribution of Scores from the Actual Survey

17
Distribution of Scores from the Actual Survey
6%
6%

26%

62%

Low in Both South Korean and Philippine Culture High in South Korean Culture, Low in Philippine Culture

Low in South Korean Culture, High in Philippine Culture Both High in South Korean and Philippine Culture

Figure 7: Graph of the Distribution of Scores from the Actual Survey

From the table and pie graph above, it can be inferred that students who are fond of South

Korean music and dramas show low mastery in both South Korean and Philippine culture.

However, there are more students who got high scores in the test about South Korean culture

and low scores in the test about the Philippine culture than those who got low scores in South

Korean culture and high scores in the Philippine culture. Therefore, there are more enthusiasts

of either K-pop, K-drama, or both, that have mastery in the South Korean culture, particularly in

its music and telenovelas, than those who are aware of Philippine culture in the same aspects.

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Strand and section Watching Videos, Listening to Music Social Media
Dramas or Movies
ABM 1 16 10 8
ABM 2 7 3 6
ABM 3 10 5 5
ABM 4 4 4 1
HUMSS 1 12 9 14
HUMSS 2 5 3 0
HUMSS 3 4 1 1
Total 58 35 35
Percentage 69% 42% 42%

Figure 8: Tabulation of the different Activities done by the Respondents during Vacant Time in
School, Leisure Time and Free Hours at Night

Graph of the Activities Done by the Respondents During their


Vacant Time in School, Leisure Time, and Free Hours at Night

42%
69%
70%
60%
42%
50%
40% Using Social Media
30%
Listening to Music
20%
10% Watching Videos, Movies, Dramas
0%

Watching Videos, Movies, Dramas Listening to Music Using Social Media

Figure 9: Graph of the Activities done by the Respondents during Vacant Time in School,
Leisure Time, and Free Hours at Night

From these table and bar graph, it can be concluded that watching videos, movies, and/or

dramas is the most probable thing that the respondents do whenever they have leisure, vacant

time in school, and free hours at night. Having known that the respondents are those who are

interested to South Korean music and telenovelas, it can be assumed that these activities that

19
they involve themselves in are also K-pop or K-drama-related activities. However, some

respondents answered that during their vacant hours in school, they do their unfinished

assignments. There are also those who answered that they read books, sing or dance, or play

computer games during their leisure and/or free hours at night. Therefore, not all of those who

are interested in South Korean influence do spend their free time with just involving themselves

to K-pop or K-drama-related activities. But as mentioned, most do watch videos, movies, or

dramas during their free time followed by those who prefer listening to music and using social

media sites.

Activities of Respondents Related to K-pop, K-drama, or Both


16%

Respondents who follow their idols in


music and showbiz industry online
Respondents who are part of fan bases
75% online
Respondents who attend fan-based
58% activities

Figure 10: Graph that shows the Percentage of Responses Pertaining to the Activities of
Respondents Related to K-pop, K-drama, or Both

Out of 84 respondents, 75% agree that they follow their idols in either music or showbiz

industry online. Common social media sites that the respondents name where they follow their

idols are Facebook and Instagram. On the other hand, 58% of respondents who are interested

in South Korean music and telenovelas are part of fan bases existing online. This percentage

could explain why there are 42% of respondents who spend either their leisure, vacant time in

20
school or free hours at night in using social media (refer to Graph of the Activities done by the

respondents during their Vacant Time in School, Leisure Time, and Free Hours at Night in page

15). However, despite 58% of respondents being a part of fan bases online, only 16% attend

fan-based activities. From these data collected, it can be inferred that enthusiasts of K-pop, K-

drama, or both get to express themselves as a fan through following and supporting their idols

online since only a few respondents agreed that they attend fan-based activities.

Reasons Why Respondents are Fascinated by their Idols

45%

45% 36%
35%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
5%
10%
5%
0%

Voice Looks Talents Attitude/Personality/Characteristics

Figure 11: Graph of Respondents’ Responses on the Reasons why they are fascinated by their
Respective Idols

From this graph, it can be concluded that K-pop artists and K-drama actors and actresses

are admired by respondents primarily because of their talents in singing, dancing, creating good

composition and content for music, and acting. The K-pop and K-drama idols’ talents are

followed by their Attitude/Personality/Characteristics and Looks as the reasons why respondents

admire them. Some of the respondents answered that they admire their idols because of how

they treat their fans and their originality when it comes to their works.

21
Discussion

Going back to the distribution of scores (refer to the figure 5 in page 16), the

students who got high scores in South Korean culture and low scores in Philippine culture is

greater than those who got Low score in South Korean culture and high score in Philippine

culture. This shows that there are indeed more students who have mastery about the Korean

music and telenovelas than the Philippines own music and dramas. Moreover, 62% of the

respondents who are interested in South Korean music and telenovelas ended up getting low

scores in both South Korean and Philippine culture. From here it can be concluded that although

there are students who showed more mastery in South Korean culture in terms of music and

dramas and least mastery in the same aspect of the Philippine culture, the point that the results

show is that these respondents who are interested in South Korean music and dramas have

least mastery in both culture. The researchers found out that the respondents are more aware

of the top entertainments in South Korea who produce K-pop and K-drama artists than the

people behind the song and lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem. Respondents are also

aware of the recent visit of Nam Joo Hyuk, lead actor in the 2017 Hit-drama, Weightlifting Fairy

Kim Bok Joo than President Rodrigo Duterte being the 16th leader of the country. More

respondents are also aware of the members of the K-pop group 2NE1 as well as the hits

popularized by Super Junior than the foundational artists and singers of the Philippine music,

movies and dramas like Regine Velasquez, Kyla, Maricel Soriano, and Vilma Santos as they fail

to give the correct titles for these artists. This goes to prove that the respondents who are

influenced by South Korean music and dramas indeed fail to appreciate and value their own

music and culture. It is alright to have low mastery in other country’s culture but it is disappointing

to have low mastery in one’s own culture in terms of music and dramas. More importantly, it is

22
surprising yet inacceptable to know that there are students who almost perfect the test about

South Korean culture and gain higher scores in this part of the survey but gain low scores in the

test part about the Philippine culture.

To the extent, the relationship of South Korean influence to the nationalism of the Grade

12 ABM and HUMSS students of EAC-SHS is that more people are aware and do master the

South Korean culture than that of the Philippines. However, the South Korean influence is just

one of the many influences that can distract the youth, specifically students, to unsuccessfully

appreciate and value their own culture. Telenovelas from Thailand and Taiwan, and music from

Western countries as well as that of Japan and other Asian countries are also dominating the

interests of the modern youth. The main output that this study shows is the alarming possibility

of the youth today to be attached or fascinated to the culture of other countries despite having

low knowledge about the Philippine culture. It turns out that the youth’s attention are diverted to

the music and dramas of other country, tending to support and adopt other country’s culture

while slowly turning their backs and showing low appreciation of the Philippines own culture.

Therefore, the researchers conclude that the South Korean influence do have an impact

to the nationalism of the Grade 12 ABM and HUMSS students of EAC-SHS. Given that the youth

of today show low appreciation of their country’s own culture, the South Korean influence makes

it harder for the youth to show more interest in the Philippine culture as they get attracted to the

style, music, and telenovelas shown by South Korea. The more that Filipino youth get interested

and fascinated by the South Korean influence, the more that they are probable to losing their

patriotism and loyalty to the Philippine culture.

23
The researchers encourage other students to conduct further study on the possible

reasons why Filipinos prefer South Korean music and dramas. Also, since the coverage of the

study is just the ABM and HUMSS students of EAC-SHS Manila, it would be best to conduct a

related study in other schools or location to either validate or contradict the results driven from

this study. The researchers of this study was given only one semester to complete the paper

and do believe that other researchers can further make a more comprehensive study about the

same topic. The researchers were not able to anticipate that there would be lesser students from

the ABM strand to volunteer in answering the actual questionnaires thus resulting to allowing the

HUMSS students to answer the remaining survey forms. Although it was justified that the

HUMSS strand is the next one to have the highest number of students interested to either K-

pop, K-drama, or both, still, the participants who are fascinated by South Korean music and

dramas from this strand are not included in solving for the size of the respondents— if so, the

sample size would have been greater than 84. The thing is that the researchers could have

included the names of the respondents in the initial survey to be able to ask the same people

who made up the 74.13% of the ABM strand to undergo the actual survey.

The researchers understand and believe that there is nothing wrong with appreciating or

admiring other country’s culture. However, one should keep in mind that before he/she dedicate

him or herself in supporting and valuing the culture of other country, he/she should first do the

same in his/her own country’s culture. The researchers created a list of the things that the youth,

and even other Filipinos can do to assure that they still value their own country’s culture despite

supporting that of other countries, specifically the South Korea.

1. Do not compare your own country’s music and telenovelas negatively to the music

and culture of other country.

24
It is easy for Filipinos to directly conclude that Philippine music and telenovelas imitate

that of the South Korean style without trying to understand that the Philippine music and showbiz

industry are trying to cope up with the changing preferences of the Filipinos today and trying to

capture their interests to support the Philippine music and telenovelas.

2. Do not tell yourself that Korea, or even other countries have better way of living,

entertainment style and artists, or even simple citizens than the Philippines.

Simply saying, do not think that it would have been better if you are not a Filipino. It may

appear as if it was better if the Philippines have snow, if Filipinos can also wear thick clothes

and jackets, if Filipino artists can be bubbly, humorous and can be considered as “oppa” but the

Philippines has its own ways why it differs and will continue to be unique from other countries.

The Philippines has a very festive type of culture, Filipinos are naturally kind-hearted and

hospitable, it is innate for this nationality to help one another, and Filipinos possess talents that

are worth-appreciating and can make the world proud. The Philippines may lack originality

sometimes or may have uninteresting choices in entertainment style at times, but this should not

be the reason for Filipinos to believe and support more the culture of other countries in terms of

music and telenovelas.

3. Do not start learning the language of other countries if you haven’t mastered the

Philippine language itself.

Most people today who are fascinated by the influence of South Korean entertainment

tend to learn the Hanggul or Korean language. It is alright to be bilingual, or even to be

multilingual, but one should see to it that he/she first studied very well the depths and

complexities of the Philippine language. In the actual survey conducted by the researchers, more

25
students know that Sunbae is the term used for artists who have more experience in the industry

and Hoobae is the one who have less experience than being knowledgeable that panablay is

the Filipino word for charger and sulatroniko is how e-mail is referred to in Filipino language.

Some people also use simple Korean words on a daily basis but cannot even follow the standard

rules of the Philippine orthography. Koreans speak the way they do because it is their language,

therefore, a Filipino should speak Filipino as well.

4. Before dreaming to be South Korean idol, or even visiting Korea someday, think

of how you can contribute to the improvement of your country.

Some enthusiasts of K-pop and K-drama today would have planned or dream to be in

South Korea someday, moreover, to be an artist there. There are lots of issues that the

Philippines has to settle and faced, it is right and just the Filipino youth give more focus and

attention on how to be a part on solving these struggles than dreaming to be a South Korean

idol or working in Korea to be near to one’s idols. Yes it is their personal dreams but just as how

the advocacy of former President Carlos P. Garcia goes, the youth must understand it should

be “Filipino first.”

5. Be patriotic.

It’s simple, Filipinos should be patriotic to the Philippines. National Hero Dr. Jose Rizal as

well as other Philippine heroes may be used in offensive jokes or meme pages online today but

these people did things that are definitely no joke. They did not save the country, nor fought the

colonists, for the future generations to turn their backs on the nationality and apprize other

country’s culture but rather, for the considered “hopes of the motherland” to continue valuing

and protecting their nationality as a Filipino. If you ever thought it could have been better if you

26
belong to other races, think again. Be proud enough that you belong in the line of generations

who originated in artistic, talented, brave, and strong-willed race— Filipinos.

Above are five simple steps that the youth can keep in mind and consider when trying or

tending to admire other cultures, South Korean for example. The purpose of this study is to show

the relationship of South Korean influence to the Nationalism of chosen Grade 12 students in

EAC-SHS but at the same time, it aimed to let the students, other researchers, and even the

researchers themselves to understand how essential it is to be responsible in appreciating other

cultures while still giving value to one’s own culture and being patriotic to his/her own country.

27
References

Arriola, C. J. (2013). Korean Pop invasion in the Philippines: a Threat to OPM? Retrieved from

http://www.academia.edu/6416381/Korean_Pop_invasion_in_the_Philippines_a_Threat

_to_OPM

Bacani, L. (2014, March 17). Proposed law bans foreign teleseryes on prime time TV. The

Philippine Star. Retrieved from

http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/03/17/1301914/proposed-law-bans-foreign-

teleseryes-prime-time-tv

Bayabos, P. (2014, August 26). 8 Reasons Why Pinoy Teleseryes Will Never Upgrade to

Hollywood-Level. Retrieved from https://ph.news.yahoo.com/8-reasons-why-pinoy-

teleseryes-never-upgrade-hollywood-102210093.html

Dow, I. (2013) K-pop Invasion: The Rise of Korean Popular Culture in the Philippines. Retrieved

from https://storify.com/ishabonus/k-pop-invasion-the-rise-of-korean-popular-culture

Nelz, J. (2017, June 23). DepEd, Korean Embassy Sign Agreement To Teach Korean Language

In Public Schools. Retrieved from https://philnews.ph/2017/06/23/deped-korean-

embassy-sign-agreement-teach-korean-language-public-schools/

Santamaria, C. (2012, September 19). Korean 'Hallyu' and the Pinoy Invasion. Rappler.

Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/entertainment/12681-hallyu-growing-in-ph

28
Appendix A

Letter of Request for Conducting the Initial Survey

Emilio Aguinaldo College

High School Department

1113-1117 San Marcelino Street,

Ermita, Manila

Dear Sir/Ma’am:

Good Day!

In relation to our requirement in partial fulfilment in Research in Daily Life 2, we, Grade 12 HUMSS 1
students, are creating our research proposal under the IMRaD (Introduction, Methodology, Result and
Discussion) style. As we proceed to explaining the methodology of our study entitled as “The Relationship
of South Korean Influence (K-pop and K-drama) to the Nationalism of Grade 12 HUMSS Students in
EAC-SHS,” we are to include our justification on choosing the right participants in the study.

On this note, we would like to ask your permission to allot 10 minutes from your time to allow the students
to answer the short survey questionnaire we are to distribute to found out which strand has the most
number of K-pop and K-drama fans for us to be able to choose the right group of participants for our
study.

Thank you for your kind consideration.

Sincerely yours,

Jenica M. Villanueva
G12 – HUMSS 1, Group 2 Leader

Noted by:

Ms. Vhea Roselle Belarmino


RDL2 Professor

29
Appendix B

Letter of Request for Verification of Introduction and Method and Survey

Questionnaires

September 20, 2017

Anne Marionne Osila


EAPP Teacher
1113-1117 San Marcelino Street,
Ermita, Manila 1000
2nd floor, EAC Bldg. 6

Dear Ms. Osila:

Good Day!

As part of our partial fulfilment of requirements in Research in Daily Life 2 (RDL2), we, Grade 12
HUMSS 1 students, created our research proposal in IMRaD (Introduction, Method, Result and
Discussion) style. In relation to this, we would like to ask for your help to proofread our research
study in terms of its content, grammar, and organization.
At the same time, we would also like to have you check the type of questions to be included in
the survey questionnaire in terms of accuracy and relevance to the research topic to assure the
quality of data we are to collect. The said questionnaire will contain inquiries about the interest
and knowledge of participants to subtopics related to the study itself, entitled “The Relationship
of South Korean Influence (K-pop and K-drama) to the Nationalism of Grade 12 ABM Students
in EAC-SHS.”

Thank you and we are looking forward to your favorable response.

Respectfully,

Jenica M. Villanueva Alexist Aliekcai C. Abinguna Nouvel A. Camato

Kent P. Cajulao Dana Victoria Pagaduan Melissa Dianne T. Ponce

Jennifer P. Pilante Gayle Louise C. Lledo Jomar D. Abad

Grade 12 HUMSS 1, Group 2

Noted by:

Ms. Vhea Belarmino


RDL2 Teacher

30
Appendix C

Letter for of Request for Conducting the Actual Survey

Emilio Aguinaldo College


High School Department
1113-1117 San Marcelino Street,
Ermita, Manila

Dear Sir/Ma’am:

Good Day!

As part of our partial fulfillment in the requirements of Research in Daily Life 2 (RDL), we, Grade 12
HUMSS 1 students are creating our research proposal under the IMRaD (Introduction, Methods, Result
and Discussion) style. Last time, we conducted an initial survey to find out who amongst the strands and
sections in Grade 12 has the most number of students who are interested in South Korean music and
telenovelas. The results show that 74.13% (highest percentage among all the strands) of the ABM
students are into K-pop and/or K-drama.
In relation to this, we would like to ask your permission to allot 15 minutes from your time to allow the
chosen students from your class to answer our survey questionnaire about our topic, “The Relationship
of South Korean Influence to the Nationalism of Grade 12 ABM students.” The final results for our study
will be derived from the answers in these survey questionnaires.
Thank you for your kind consideration.

Sincerely yours,

Jenica M. Villanueva Alexist Aliekcai C. Abinguna Nouvel A. Camato

Kent P. Cajulao Dana Victoria Pagaduan Melissa Dianne T. Ponce

Jennifer P. Pilante Gayle Louise C. Lledo Jomar D. Abad


Grade 12 – HUMSS 1, Group 2

Noted by:

Ms. Vhea Roselle Belarmino


RDL2 Professor

31
Appendix D

Initial Survey Questionnaire

Gender: Age: Yes or No

Strand and Section:

1. Do you like listening to Korean music (K-pop)?

2. Do you watch Korean telenovelas (K-drama)?

3. Kindly indicate if you are interested only in K-pop or K-drama or you prefer both.

4. Do you prefer Korean music than Original Pilipino Music?

5. Do you think K-dramas are better than Philippine telenovelas?

6. Do you consider yourself as a K-pop fan?

7. Are you a fan of the artist/s you have watch through a K-drama?

8. Do you think Korean influence particularly K-pop and K-drama can affect one’s

nationalism as a Filipino?

32
Appendix E

Actual Survey Questionnaire

Emilio Aguinaldo College


Senior High School
Gender: Age:
ABM - Citizenship:
I. Getting to know your interest. Answer the following questions truthfully and please avoid
including unnecessary answers or statements. You can have multiple answers if you have more
than one preference depending on the questions. If the boxes are provided, kindly put a check
to the option that corresponds to your answer.
1. What are your hobbies?
______________________________________________________________________
2. What interests you the most, in terms of music and/or telenovelas?
______________________________________________________________________
3. What do you usually do during your leisure time (leisure, as defined in Merriam-Webster
Dictionary, is the time when you can do whatever you want to do; time when you are not
working)?
______________________________________________________________________
4. What do you prefer to do during vacant hours in school?
______________________________________________________________________
5. If you happen to have free hours at night and you don’t feel like sleeping yet, what
activity/s do you engage yourself in?
______________________________________________________________________
6. Reflect on your answers from number 3-5, if you found out that you do similar things
whenever you have free time, please state the possible reason/s why you think you do
so:
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Do you usually follow your idols in music and showbiz industry online or on social media?
If yes, state the specific social medium, or media where you follow your idols (e.g.,
Facebook, Instagram, V-Live)
Yes No _________________________________________________
8. Are you a part of any fan bases online? If yes, do you attend fan-based activities?
Yes No Yes No
9. As a fan, do you purchase merchandise or customize your own belongings with your idol’s
trademarks and/or identity? Yes No
10. What particular characteristics do your idols possess making you admire them as much
as you do?
______________________________________________________________________

33
II. Testing your knowledge. In this part of the survey, you will have to answer the following
questions to test your knowledge about both Korean and Philippine culture— music and
telenovelas in particular. Leave blank the items you cannot answer.
Philippine Culture
1. President Rodrigo Duterte is the ____ president of the country (referring to the number of
Philippine Presidents up to the current administration).
2. ____________ and ____________ are the Filipino words for charger and e-mail
3. ________________________ is the oldest university in the Philippines.
4. ________________________ is the King of Spain to whom Ruy Lopez de Villalobos, a
Spanish explorer, based the name of the Philippines.
5. ________________________ is what the acronym OPM stands for.
6. ________________________ is the popular band since 1989 lead by Ely Buendia.
7. ________________________ is the band established in 1969 whose members are Jim
Paredes, Danny Javier, and Boboy Garovillo.
8. ________________________ composed the music of the Philippine’s National Anthem,
Lupang Hinirang while
9. ________________________, a poet-soldier, wrote the poem entitled as Filipinas in 1899
where the lyrics were adapted from.
A. Choose the appropriate letter on the right that corresponds to the personality that holds the
given titles on the left.
10. _____ Star for All Seasons A. Kyla G. Maricel Soriano
11. _____ Diamond Star B. Regine Velasquez H. Vilma
Santos
12. _____ Queen of Pop C. Nora Aunor I. KZ
Tandingan
13. _____ Asia’s Pop Sweetheart D. Sharon Cuneta J. Angeline
Quinto
14. _____ RNB Queen E. Julie Ann San Jose
15. _____ Asia’s Songbird F. Sarah Geronimo

Korean Culture
1. Define the word “stan” in your own words.
2. ______________ is the term which refers to the youngest member of a Korean pop group
3. ______________ is the Korean term referring to seniors who have more experiences in the
industry while ______________ is the term for those who have less experiences within an
industry
4. ______________ is the act of rooting or supporting for a pair; doesn’t necessarily have to
be a romantic sense of pairing and instead can be more of a close friendly relationship
among pop group members

34
5. ______________ is the broadcasting app created by NAVER Corp. where K-pop artists can
conduct live special videos of themselves that are exclusively featured in this app.
6. ______________ is the national meal of Korea and is eaten with most meals.
7. ______________ is the year when the all-female group Girls Generation debut.
8. ______________, ______________, ______________, and ______________ are the
members of the Korean pop group, 2NE1.
9. ______________ is the all-male Korean pop group composed of 12 members that
popularized songs like Sorry, Sorry, Bonamana, and Mr. Simple.
10. ______________ is the Nation’s Boy Group in Korea that popularized songs like Fantastic
Baby and Bad Boy.
11. ______________ is the very first album released by the K-pop male group, EXO in the year
2012.
12. ______________ is the Korean word for Hello.
13. ______________ is a Korean term for I love you.
14. _________________________ is the 2016 well-talked K-drama which stars Song Joong Ki
as Captain Yoo Shi Jin and Song Hye Kyo as Kang Mo Yeon
15. ______________, ______________, and ______________ are the leading entertainments
that hone artists and idols in South Korea.

35
Appendix F

Data from Initial Survey

Summary of the Initial Survey (Choices of interest/s of Grade 12 students in terms of K-pop,
K-drama, or both)

Strand Interested Interested Interested Total Total number of Total number


in K-pop in K-drama in Both students who took in
the initial survey percentage

ABM 2 56 48 106 143 74.13%

HUMSS 3 56 30 89 126 70.63%

TVL- 0 14 15 19 27 70.37%
PROG/ROB

TVL- 0 22 17 39 63 61.9%
FBS/HK

Sports 1 15 2 18 31 58.06%

STEM 1 57 23 81 138 58.7%

Total: 7 220 134 352 528 66.67%

36
Student Responses to Question No. 4 (Do you prefer Korean music than Original Pilipino

Music?)

Strand Interested to K-pop, K-drama, or both Not interested to both Total


number of
Responded Responde Total Responded Responde responden
Yes d No Responses Yes d No ts

ABM 1 6 32 38 0 8 45

ABM 2 6 17 23 0 7 30

ABM 3 1 27 28 3 15 46

ABM 4 6 11 17 0 4 21

Total: 19 87 106 3 34 143

HUMSS 1 4 30 34 0 7 41

HUMSS 2 2 28 30 0 14 44

HUMSS 3 0 25 25 0 16 41

Total: 6 83 89 0 37 126

STEM 1 5 15 20 0 15 35

STEM 2 4 18 22 0 19 41

STEM 3 5 15 20 0 15 35

STEM 4 0 19 19 0 8 27

Total: 14 67 81 0 57 138

FBS/HK 1 4 17 21 0 10 31

FBS/HK 2 5 13 18 0 14 32

Total: 9 30 39 0 24 63

PROG/ROB 6 13 19 1 7 27

SPORTS 0 18 18 0 13 31

37
Student Responses to Question No. 5 (Do you think K-dramas are better than Philippine

telenovelas?)

Strand Interested to K-pop, K-drama, or both Not interested to both Total


number of
Responded Responde Total Responded Responde responden
Yes d No Responses Yes d No ts

ABM 1 34 5 39 2 6 45

ABM 2 16 7 23 3 4 30

ABM 3 22 5 27 5 13 46

ABM 4 10 7 17 0 4 21

Total: 82 24 106 10 27 143

HUMSS 1 23 11 34 1 6 41

HUMSS 2 19 11 30 3 11 44

HUMSS 3 15 10 25 6 10 41

Total: 57 32 89 10 27 126

STEM 1 14 6 20 4 11 35

STEM 2 12 10 22 8 11 41

STEM 3 15 5 20 1 14 35

STEM 4 9 10 19 0 8 27

Total: 50 31 81 13 44 138

FBS/HK 1 11 10 21 0 10 31

FBS/HK 2 8 10 18 2 12 32

Total: 19 20 39 2 22 63

PROG/ROB 11 8 19 2 6 27

SPORTS 4 14 18 1 12 31

38
Student Responses on Question No. 8 (“Do you think Korean influence particularly K-pop
and K-drama can affect one’s nationalism as a Filipino?”)

Responded Yes Responded No

Strand Interested Interested Interested Not Interested Interested Interested Not


in K-pop in in both interested in K-pop in K- in both interested
in both drama in both
K-drama

ABM 1 0 13 16 6 0 2 7 1

ABM 2 0 9 2 4 0 7 5 3

ABM 3 2 11 5 3 0 8 1 15

ABM 4 0 6 6 2 0 0 5 1

Total: 71 students Total: 35 students

Responded Yes Responded No

Strand Interested Interested Interested Not Intereste Interested Intereste Not


in K-pop in K- in both intereste d in K- in K-drama d in both interested
drama d in both pop in both

HUMSS 1 0 12 8 5 0 9 5 2

HUMSS 2 2 11 8 5 1 4 4 9

HUMSS 3 0 14 3 8 0 6 2 8

Total: 58 students Total: 31 students

39
Responded Yes Responded No

Strand Interested Interested Interested Not Interested Interested Interested Not


in K-pop in K-drama in both interested in K-pop in K-drama in both interested
in both in both

STEM 1 0 12 6 8 0 2 0 7

STEM 2 0 12 3 7 0 3 4 12

STEM 3 1 6 4 6 0 5 4 9

STEM 4 0 6 1 6 0 11 1 2

Total: 51 students Total: 30 students

Responded Yes Responded No

Strand Interested Interested Interested Not Interested Interested Interested Not


in K-pop in K- in both interested in K-pop in K- in both interested
drama in both drama in both

TVL- 0 7 2 6 0 7 3 2
PROG/ROB

Total: 9 students Total: 10 students

Responded Yes Responded No

Track Interested Interested Interested Not Interested Interested Interested Not


and in K-pop in K-drama in both interested in K-pop in K-drama in both interested
Strand in both in both

TVL- 0 6 10 4 0 2 0 7
FBS/HK 1

TVL- 0 8 4 6 0 3 2 8
FBS/HK 2

Total: 38 students Total: 22 students

40
Responded Yes Responded No

Track Interested Interested Interested Not Interested Interested Interested Not


in K-pop in K-drama in both interested in K-pop in K-drama in both interested
in both in both

SPORTS 0 11 1 6 1 4 1 7

Total: 18 students Total: 13 students

41
Appendix G

Data Collected from Actual Survey

Responses in Question No. 7 (Do you usually follow your idols in music and showbiz
industry online or on social media?) and Question No. 8 (Are you a part of any fan bases
online? If yes, do you attend fan-based activities?)

Strand and Yes in No. 7 Yes in No. 8 (A) Yes in No. 8 (B) Total number of
section respondents
ABM 1 13 10 5 16
ABM 2 10 6 3 13
ABM 3 5 13 2 15
ABM 4 10 3 3 16
HUMSS 1 14 11 3 16
HUMSS 2 6 2 0 7
HUMSS 3 5 4 0 7
Total 63 49 16 84
Percentage 75% 58% 19%

Responses to Question No. 10 (What particular characteristics do your idols possess


making you admire them as much as you do?)
Strand and Voice Looks Talents Attitude/
section Characteristics/
Personality
ABM 1 0 5 11 6
ABM 2 0 1 4 3
ABM 3 2 4 5 6
ABM 4 1 4 3 2
HUMSS 1 0 10 10 9
HUMSS 2 0 4 2 4
HUMSS 3 2 1 3 0
Total 4 29 38 30
Percentage 5% 35% 45% 36%

42

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