Intern Survival Guide: Because You Got This
Intern Survival Guide: Because You Got This
Intern Survival Guide: Because You Got This
SURVIVAL
GUIDE
BECAUSE YOU GOT THIS
TOP TEN RULES
FOR INTERN
SUCCESS
1. Eat Breakfast
2. Don’t Lie
3. Be on Time
4. Know your patients
5. Communicate frequently
6. Always ask: what’s keeping this person in the hospital.
7. If you don’t know the answer, ask the question.
8. Never underestimate how poorly someone will do their job.
9. Do not forget to care for yourself
10. You only need to be 3 things as an intern: reliable, hard-
working, and a team player.
SIMPLE THINGS TO DO BEFORE INTERN YEAR STARTS
Home Life
Personal Life
Let the people in your life know that intern year is a black hole.
Repeatedly. Over the year. They forget.
Significant others: I’m not going to speak to this because I have never
had a significant other so just communicate honestly and frequently
Dry shampoo is magical
Get your car maintained before intern year starts
Commit to doing at least one non-work activity once a week. For sanity.
Work clothes: scrubs and clinic clothes
o Scrubs: Get >3 sets. Minimum 4-5 so you’re not washing them all
the time
o Clinic clothes: Comfortable, easy to launder and maintain
o Shoes: COMFORT above all. you better be able to walk quickly
and/or run in them. At least have one pair of sneakers for
overnight calls and ICU rotations.
Work Life
Decide on how much time you’re willing to spend after work studying/taking
stock in the day. It doesn’t have to be tons of time. But commit to, for
example, fifteen minutes a day. And stick with it.
Vent as needed but also remember that your loved ones do not want to hear
about your work life 24/7
Try to make some friends with your co-interns
Get the names and phone numbers of people from different specialties. And
nurses. And therapists. Make them your allies. Or at least know who the hell
they are when so you can hunt them down when shit is going crazy.
WHITE
COAT
ESSENTIALS
OBJECTS
BOOKS
APPS
SITES
OBJECTS
MEDICAL STUFF
The ICU Book and The Little ICU Book both by Marino (I got the
small one.)
The Ventilator Book by William Owens (for all ICUs, including
SICU, PICU)
Pocket series (Pocket medicine, pocket pediatrics, etc.)
The only EKG Book You’ll Ever Need by Thaler OR Dubin’s Rapid
Interpretation of EKG’s book
Harrison’s for my internal medicine brothers and sisters
The Red Book for my pediatricians
The Chief Complaint by Feier and Mallon for my ER people.
APPS
Some apps I’ve picked up along the way that I’ve come to rely on (not
an exhaustive list, but my personal favorites)
1. Uptodate
2. Translator. It talks, writes, and converts your spoken words into
the language of your choice
3. Epocrates. Especially the interactions checker.
4. Qx Calculate
5. Qx Read (tailor your reading and learning, it will collect papers
on topics you are interested in and forwards it to you!)
6. Figure 1 (Instagram for medicine people)
7. CDC Vaccine Schedule
8. Journal Club (has made me look smarter than I actually am all
year. This is worth the money.)
9. USMLE Qbank
10. EyeMD
11. iBooks/Evernote. Something to manage documents. I download
tons of pdfs and papers onto iBooks for future reading.
12. Whatsapp or another secured texting app for team texts.
13. Photos. Genius because of the simplicity. Take photos of good
EKGs, CXRs and save images or good tables from the internet.
Make yourself a “Medical” album for all these goodies.
SITES/LINKS
If I want to learn how to do ANY procedure:
http://www.nejm.org/multimedia/medical-videos
Time
0430- Wake up, get ready, get to work
0530
0600- Get breakfast
0630 Print out the list.
0630- Sign-out with night-team
0700
0700- Review: sick/unstable, anticipated discharge, medically stable
0930 How to review: overnight vitals, events charted or told to you by
nursing, labs, pending items for overnight, new labs and imaging.
Run the list with your senior to assess the priority tasks for the
day. See your patients.
Time
0600- Wake up, get ready, get to work
0700
0700- Get breakfast
0800 Print out the list/lists
Review: sick/unstable, anticipated discharge, medically stable
0800- Sign-out from the night-team about old patients and new patients
0830 overnight.
0830- Familiarize yourself with overnight admissions.
0930
Run the list with your senior to assess the priority tasks for the
day, the patients who will need the most attention.
See your patients. See the new ones first to confirm the story
and do your own exam. See your old patients.
Begin to answer calls and pages, go by and see the sick patients again.
Talk to nursing as well.
0000 Midnight snack and coffee
Take admissions
Complete H&Ps and admission orders
0000- Daily labs begin to come in so:
0600 -replete electrolytes
-transfuse people who need blood
-confirm those going into procedures are NPO with IV maintenance
fluids
Admit Order: admit to med unit, telemetry, ICU, CVICU, CCU, etc.
Condition:
Vital Signs: Remember to place “call parameters,” what values you will be
called or paged for by nursing. For example: Call for HR>100 or <70
Nursing Orders:
Lab Studies: Make sure have labs on admission to establish a baseline, and
write for daily labs. Review daily if daily labs are necessary, and remove as
needed.
ICU NOTE (SYSTEMS BASED)
DISCHARGE 101
THE 5 D’S OF DISCHARGE.
S Sick, stable? He’s our sickest patient on the list, but DNR/DNI
Code status
I Identifying data Pt is a 54 male with metastatic colorectal cancer
(one-liner) presenting with intractable pain secondary to tumor
burden and septic
G General hospital course He’s still here because we’re trying to transition him to
PO pain meds and figure out why he’s septic
N New events of the day Blood culture and urine still haven’t grown anything out,
but because he’s neutropenic and now febrile, we started
him on acyclovir, fluconazole, flagyl, and ceftriaxone
today.
O Overall health status Overall, he’s uncomfortable with his fevers and
tachycardia but stable appearing, non-toxic. Pain is
better controlled but he still needs IV Dilaudid for
breakthrough pain
Upcoming Things you anticipate, If he becomes febrile again tonight, please draw blood
possibilities and what you would cultures and expand his antibiotic coverage by adding
want done vanc
To Dos Things to f/u or do If you wouldn’t find following up the CXR he just to got
overnight to see if he has a pneumonia or something going on in
his lungs, I’d really appreciate it!
Always end with: ANY QUESTIONS?
K (goal around 4.0): usually 10 mEq will give you a rise of 0.1 mEq/L; IV
and PO have an equivalent effect. Fastest infusion time is 10 mEq/hr through
a peripheral line, or 20 mEq/hr for a central line if on a monitored bed.
- Examples:
- 3.0 – 100mEq
- 3.5 – 60mEq
- 3.8 – 20mEq
Phos (goal around 3.0): choose KPhos or NaPhos. If the patient needs K as
well, they will get 4.4 mEq of K for every 3 mmol of Kphos. Be careful
in the setting of hypercalcemia.
- Examples:
Mg (goal around 2.0): usually 1 gm for each 0.1 mEq/L. Magnesium oxide
can be used PO (4 tabs being equal to 1 gm) but it is not absorbed
well.
- Examples:
- 1.6–4gmIV
- 1.8–2gmIV
Things to keep in mind about Mag:
2. If Mag is low, you’ll need to replete that so that your K can also rise
1. Bowel regimen
a. Everyone will thank you for starting a PRN bowel regimen.
b. I like: senna 1 tab QPM or senna elixir 8.6 QPM PRN constipation,
Colace BID, miralax PRN constipation if needed
c. Remember that cancer patients, chronic pain patients, those on large
doses of opioids require aggressive bowel regimens. That means 2-3
PRN meds for pooping. Or just schedule them.
d. If that’s not working and you need bigger guns, try:
i. Suppositories
ii. Enemas
iii. Lactulose, maalox
iv. KNOW THESE ARE OPTIONS BUT USE WITH CAUTION:
magnesium citrate and GoLytely
2. Pain regimen
a. Pick 1 for each category (1-3), (4-6), (7-10), breakthrough
b. Ibuprofen, aspirin, acetaminophen, for pain 1-3
c. Tramadol, ketorolac, morphine, norco, for pain 4-6
d. Mo’ morphine, MS Contin for long-term control, dilaudid, norco, tramadol,
fentanyl patch, PCA pain 7-10
i. Also use your palliative care/pain management services to guide
your management
e. If it’s a headache/migraine, also try: Compazine
f. If it’s nerve pain, also try: gabapentin, pregabalin
g. If it’s abdominal bloating/pain and there’s no concern of an SBO:
simethicone
3. Nebulizers
a. Albuterol, atrovent Q4H-Q6H PRN wheeze
4. Mucolytics
a. Glycopyrrolate, mucomyst, guaifenisen, chest physiotherapy
5. Nausea/Vomiting
a. Zofran PO, sublingual, or IV. Zofran can cause headaches.
6. Anxiety medications
a. Ideally, restart them on their home anxiety medication
b. If they don’t have any, try to avoid starting a benzo.
c. Alternatives: hydroxyzine, Benadryl, supplemental oxygen, call a
chaplain, call social worker, breathing exercises
d. Make sure it’s not a sx of an underlying condition (pulmonary embolism,
MI, aura before a seizure)
7. Agitation medications
a. Haldol PO or 5mg IM.
b. Ativan 0.5mg, 1mg, 2mg sublingual, PO, IM
c. Benadryl PO, IM. IV works, but if anyone is calm and asking for it they
want to get high.
d. Antipsychotics: Zyprexa/Olanzapine, Risperdal, Seroquel, Geodon,
trazodone
e. Opt for the antipsychotics in the elderly.
8. Sleep medications
a. Much like agitation meds: for the elderly, avoid benzos. Seroquel,
Risperdal. Amitriptyline, restoril (temazepam
b. Trazodone, ambien, benadryl are usually okay for everyone else
9. Alcohol withdrawal
a. Ativan, Librium are the mainstays at my institution. Everyone has their
thing. Q2H-Q3H-Q4H in closer intervals so nursing can also monitor the
patient for symptoms
10. Hypertension
a. You really should not have PRNs on for HTN. But in the setting of HTN
emergency/urgency, you’ll need something
b. Remember: don’t drop the systolic more than 25% of the highest SBP you
record over the course of 24 hours
c. Urgency (DBP >120 or SBP >180):
i. gradual reduction over 24-48 hours
d. use ORAL meds: labetalol, hydralazine. Do a Q8H or Q6H to avoid
rebound
i. and uptitrate those long-acting anti-HTN meds!
e. Emergency (evidence of end-organ damage): Immediate reduction of
SBP by 15-20%
f. Use PARENTERAL agents (nitro drip or paste) and transfer to ICU
PROPHYLAXIS
GI (stress ulcer) prophylaxis
The only people who MUST get GI ppx are ICU patients IF…
o Mechanically ventilated >48 hours
o Known coagulopathy
o GI ulcer or bleeding within the past year
o TBI (traumatic brain injury)/TSI (traumatic spine injury)
o Burns> 35% of the BSA
Who could get GI ppx
o For critically ill patients without any of the above, consider case-by-case.
Your options:
o H2 blockers: rantidine, famotidine
o PPI: omeprazole, pantoprazole, esomeprazole
DVT/VTE prophylaxis
Every institution has its own guidelines. I think in a step-wise approach:
1) What is the patient’s risk of developing a DVT? I like the table below
http://www.empr.com/clinical-charts/opioid-equianalgesic-doses/article/125879/
PEARLS
-if anything ever needs to be done stat, verbally communicate your order
first and then place the order. Or do it simultaneously. Refer back to intern
rules number 5 & 8.
-You WILL copy your notes. Other people will copy your notes. So make
them good. Don’t ever write “yesterday” or “today”. Write the date that
something occurred.
-create templates and short-cut texts for yourself to write notes faster
-create a ‘follow’ list. These are patients who were interesting cases (possible
case reports), people who may need to be called back, people who you
just…want to know what happens!
-Sign out on time. It’s a small thing but everyone will be grateful.
- if someone asks you for IV Benadryl it’s to get high. I just want to put that
out there. That’s why they’re asking.
-you always have time to think, gather information, and get help when the
patient has a pulse.
-The first thing to do in an emergency: Check the pulse. get all the vitals, get
them on oxygen, get two IV accesses, grab a crash cart, flag down help.
-that said, if the patient doesn’t have a pulse, ACLS. ABCs. Call the code.
-when speaking to nursing colleagues. BE POLITE. Tell them the plan for
today. Ask them to provide more information, because you’re going to make
a decision based on their observations. Understand that their training
teaches them to address and treat symptoms, not diagnose. And go see the
patient, if you’re worried.
FAQ
Q: WILL I KILL SOMEONE?
A: No. Wards are run by teams, not individuals. You will always, as an intern and
even as a resident, have someone to help you. Your fellow interns, your senior, your
fellow, your attending, the nurses, basically anyone who might know something, so
long as you ask them politely, will be more than happy to answer your question so
that you will NOT kill someone.
A: No. Because no one remembers shit when they come back. Also, what you’re
about to learn, as an intern, is management skills. In med school, you learn
pathophysiology, biochemistry, etc. Not how to work-up or manage a patient. The
stuff from med school will come back VERY quickly. The management and day-to-
day function will come with intern year. That’s why we do intern year!
A: Prioritize, organize, itemize. Good residents will tell you exactly what they
want prioritized. You will learn your way/style and how to do these three things. And
when in doubt, run your list.
A: That’s normal. Every intern working with you and across the world feels this way
at the start.
A: Yes. It varies for everyone, but a few months into intern year, everyone feels
better.