Important Question For EEE Viva Exam

Prepared By: Md.Mynul Hasan (Prince)

1.Why we can’t store AC in Batteries instead of DC.or Can we store AC in

batteries instead of DC?
We cannot store AC in batteries because AC changes their polarity up to 50 (When
frequency = 50 Hz) or 60 (When frequency = 60 Hz) times in a second. Therefore
the battery terminals keep changing Positive (+ve) becomes Negative (-Ve) and vice
versa, but the battery cannot change their terminals with the same speed so that’s
why we can’t store AC in Batteries.

in addition, when we connect a battery with AC Supply, then It will charge during
positive half cycle and discharge during negative half cycle, because the Positive
(+ve) half cycle cancel the negative (-Ve) half cycle, so the average voltage .

2. Why Motor rated in kW/Horsepower instead of kVA?

We know that Transformer rating may be expressed in kVA as well as Generator
and Alternator rated in kVA Designer doesn’t know the actual consumer power
factor while manufacturing transformers and generators i.e. the P.F (Power factor)
of Transformer and Generator/Alternator depends on the nature of connected load
such as resistive load, capacitive load, and inductive load as Motors, etc. But
Motorhas fixed Power factor, i.e. motor has defined power factor and the rating
has been mentioned in KW on Motor nameplate data table. That’s why we are
rated Motor in kW or HP (kilowatts/ Horsepower) instead of kVA
.

3. How to Calculate the value of Ceramic / Non-Polarized Capacitors?

Below is a very useful chart for calculation the right value of Ceramic / Non –
Polarized Capacitors.
There are special codes and marking on capacitor, which tell about the value of
capacitor.
Example:
Here is the Capacitor marking is 105
It’s mean that = 10 + 5 Zeros = 1,000,000 pF
= 1000 nF = 1 µF
.
4. Why Transformer Rating In kVA, Not kw?
1. Copper Losses
2. Iron Losses or Core Losses or Insulation Losses
Copper losses ( I²R)depends on Current which passing through transformer
winding while Iron Losses or Core Losses or Insulation Losses depends on
Voltage.
That’s why the Transformer Rating may be expressed in kVA,Not in kW.

5. Why Alternator/Generator Rated in kVA. Not in kW?

The power √3 VL IL Cos φ delivered by the alternator for the same value of
current, depends upon p.f. (Power Factor=Cos φ) of the load. But the
alternator conductors are calculated for a definite current and the insulation
at magnetic system are designed for a definite voltage independent of p.f.
(Cos φ) of the load. For this reason apparent power measured in kVA is
regarded as the rated power of the alternator

6. Why AC rated in Tons, Not in kW?

AC (Air-conditions and Refrigeration are always rated in Tons.
Air conditioners are always rated in Tons capacityinstead of kW because
Air conditioners are designed on the basis of quantity of heat removal from
room, hall or specific area. Quantity of heat is termed in Tons means if an
air conditioner is able to remove 1000 kilocalories of heat or 4120 kilojoules
or 12000 BTU of heat in an hour that AC rated as 1 Ton of AC because
1000 Kilocalories or 4120 kilojoules or 12000 BTU equal to one Ton of
heat. Also, this is the same case for freezer and refrigerator i.e.
refrigeration system.
BTU = British thermal unit. A measurement of heat, specifically, the amount
of heat needed to raise the temperature of a pound of water by 1°F.

7. What is Latching current?

Gate signal is to be applied to the thyristor to trigger the thyristor ON in safe
mode. When the thyristor starts conducting the forward current above the
minimum value, called Latching current, the gate signal which is applied to
trigger the device in no longer require to keep the scr in ON position.

8. What is Holding current ?

When scr is conducting current in forward conduction state, scr will return
to forward blocking state when the anode current or forward current falls
below a low level called Holding current
Note: Latching current and Holding current are not same. Latching current
is associated with the turn on process of the scr whereas holding current is
associated with the turn off process. In general holding current will be
slightly lesser than the latching current.

9. Why thyristor is considered as Charge controlled device?

During the triggering process of the thyristor from forward blocking state to
forward conduction state through the gate signal, by applying the gate
signal (voltage between gate and cathode) increases the minority carrier
density in the p-layer and thereby facilitate the reverse break over of the
junction J2 and thyristor starts conducting. Higher the magnitude of the
gate current pulse, lesser is the time required to inject the charge and
turning on the scr. By controlling the amount of charge we can control the
turning on time of the scr.

10. What are the different losses that occur in thyristor while
operating?
Different losses that occur are
a)Forward conduction losses during conduction of the thyristor
b)Loss due to leakage current during forward and reverse blocking.
c)Power loss at gate or Gate triggering loss.
d)Switching losses at turn-on and turn-off.
11. What is meant by knee point voltage?
Knee point voltage is calculated for electrical Current transformers and is
very important factor to choose a CT. It is the voltage at which a CT gets
saturated.(CT-current transformer).

12. What is reverse power relay?

Reverse Power flow relay are used in generating stations's protection. A
generating stations is supposed to fed power to the grid and in case
generating units are off,there is no generation in the plant then plant may
take power from grid. To stop the flow of power from grid to generator we
use reverse power relay.

13. What will happen if DC supply is given on the primary of a

transformer?
Mainly transformer has high inductance and low resistance.In case of DC
supply there is no inductance ,only resistance will act in the electrical
circuit. So high electrical current will flow through primary side of the
transformer.So for this reason coil and insulation will burn out.

14. What is the difference between isolators and electrical circuit

breakers? What is bus-bar?
Isolators are mainly for switching purpose under normal conditions but they
cannot operate in fault conditions .Actually they used for isolating the CBs
for maintenance. Whereas CB gets activated under fault conditions
according to the fault detected.Bus bar is nothing but a junction where the
power is getting distributed for independent loads.

15. What are the advantage of free wheeling diode in a Full Wave
rectifier?
It reduces the harmonics and it also reduces sparking and arching across
the mechanical switch so that it reduces the voltage spike seen in a
inductive load.

16. Mention the methods for starting an induction motor?

The different methods of starting an induction motor:
a)DOL:direct online starter
b)Star delta starter
c)Auto transformer starter
d)Resistance starter
e)Series reactor starter

17. What is the power factor of an alternator at no load?

At no load Synchronous Impedance of the alternator is responsible for
creating angle difference. So it should be zero lagging like inductor.

18. What is the function of anti-pumping in circuit breaker?

When breaker is close at one time by close push button,the anti pumping
contactor prevent re close the breaker by close push button after if it
already close.

19. What is stepper motor.what is its uses?

Stepper motor is the electrical machine which act upon input pulse applied
to it. it is one type of synchronous motor which runs in steps in either
direction instead of running in complete cycle.so, in automation parts it is
used.

20. There are a Transformer and an induction machine. Those two

have the same supply. For which device the load current will be
maximum? And why?
The motor has max load current compare to that of transformer because
the motor consumes real power.. and the transformer is only producing the
working flux and its not consuming.. hence the load current in the
transformer is because of core loss so it is minimum.

21. What is SF6 Circuit Breaker?

SF6 is Sulpher hexa Flouride gas.. if this gas is used as arc quenching
medium in a Circuitbreaker means SF6 CB.

22. What is ferrantic effect?

Output voltage is greater than the input voltage or receiving end voltage is
greater than the sending end voltage.

23. What is meant by insulation voltage in cables? explain it?

It is the property of a cable by virtue of it can withstand the applied voltage
without rupturing it is known as insulation level of the cable.

24. What is the difference between MCB & MCCB, Where it can be
used?
MCB is miniature circuit breaker which is thermal operated and use for
short circuit protection in small current rating circuit. MCCB moulded case
circuit breaker and is thermal operated for over load current and magnetic
operation for instant trip in short circuit condition.under voltage and under
frequency may be inbuilt. Normally it is used where normal current is more
than 100A.

25. Where should the lighting arrestor be placed in distribution lines?

Near distribution transformers and out going feeders of 11kv and
incomming feeder of 33kv and near power transformers in sub-stations.
26. Define IDMT relay?
It is an inverse definite minimum time relay.In IDMT relay its operating is
inversely proportional and also a characteristic of minimum time after which
this relay operates.It is inverse in the sense ,the tripping time will decrease
as the magnitude of fault current increase.

27. What are the transformer losses?

TRANSFORMER LOSSES - Transformer losses have two sources-copper
loss and magnetic loss. Copper losses are caused by the resistance of the
wire (I2R). Magnetic losses are caused by eddy currents and hysteresis in
the core. Copper loss is a constant after the coil has been wound and
therefore a measurable loss. Hysteresis loss is constant for a particular
voltage and current. Eddy-current loss, however, is different for each
frequency passed through the transformer.

28. what is the full form of KVAR?

We know there are three types of power in Electricals as Active, apparent &
reactive. So KVAR is stand for ``Kilo Volt Amps with Reactive component.

29. Two bulbs of 100w and 40w respectively connected in series

across a 230v supply which bulb will glow bright and why?
Since two bulbs are in series they will get equal amount of electrical current
but as the supply voltage is constant across the bulb(P=V^2/R).So the
resistance of 40W bulb is greater and voltage across 40W is more (V=IR)
so 40W bulb will glow brighter.

30. Why temperature rise is conducted in bus bars and isolators?

Bus bars and isolators are rated for continuous power flow, that means
they carry heavy currents which rises their temperature. so it is necessary
to test this devices for temperature rise.
31. What is the difference between synchronous generator &
asynchronous generator?
In simple, synchronous generator supply's both active and reactive power
but asynchronous generator(induction generator) supply's only active
power and observe reactive power for magnetizing.This type of generators
are used in windmills.

32. What is Automatic Voltage regulator(AVR)?

AVR is an abbreviation for Automatic Voltage Regulator.It is important part
in Synchronous Generators, it controls theoutput voltage of the generator
by controlling its excitation current. Thus it can control the output Reactive
Power of the Generator.

33. Difference between a four point starter and three point starter?
The shunt connection in four point stater is provided separately form the
line where as in three point stater it is connected with line which is the
drawback in three point stater

34. Why the capacitors works on ac only?

Generally capacitor gives infinite resistance to dc components(i.e., block
the dc components). it allows the ac components to pass through.

35. How many types of colling system it transformers?

1. ONAN (oil natural,air natural)
2. ONAF (oil natural,air forced)
3. OFAF (oil forced,air forced)
4. ODWF (oil direct,water forced)
5. OFAN (oil forced,air forced)
36. Operation carried out in Thermal power stations?
The water is obtained in the boiler and the coal is burnt so that steam is
obtained this steam is allowed to hit the turbine , the turbine which is
coupled with the generator generates the electricity.

37. What is 2 phase motor?

A two phase motor is a motor with the the starting winding and the running
winding have a phase split. e.g;ac servo motor.where the auxiliary winding
and the control winding have a phase split of 90 degree.

38. What is the principle of motor?

Whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in an magnetic field it
produce turning or twisting movement is called as torque.

39. What is meant by armature reaction?

The effect of armature flu to main flux is called armature reaction. The
armature flux may support main flux or opposes main flux.

40. What is the difference between synchronous generator &

asynchronous generator?
In simple, synchronous generator supply's both active and reactive power
but asynchronous generator(induction generator) supply's only active
power and observe reactive power for magnetizing.This type of generators
are used in windmills.

41. Why Power Plant Capacity Rated in MW and not in MVA?

A Power plant capacity rating may be expressed in MW instead of MVA.In a
Generating station, the prime mover (Turbine) generates only and only Active
Power. That’s why we rated a power plant capacity in MW instead of MVA.

42. What are the advantages of speed control using thyristor?

Advantages :
1. Fast Switching Characterstics than Mosfet, BJT, IGBT
2. Low cost
3. Higher Accurate.

43. What is ACSR cable and where we use it?

ACSR means Aluminium conductor steel reinforced, this conductor is used
in transmission & distribution.

44. Whats the one main difference between UPS & inverter ? And
electrical engineering & electronics engineering ?
Uninterrupt power supply is mainly use for short time . means according to
ups VA it gives backup. ups is also two types : on line and offline . online
ups having high volt and amp for long time backup with with high dc
voltage.but ups start with 12v dc with 7 amp. but inverter is startwith
12v,24,dc to 36v dc and 120amp to 180amp battery with long time backup.

45. What will happen when power factor is leading in distribution of

power?
If their is high power factor, i.e if the power factor is close to one:
a)Losses in form of heat will be reduced,
b)Cable becomes less bulky and easy to carry, and very cheap to afford, &
c)It also reduces over heating of tranformers.

46. What are the advantages of star-delta starter with induction

motor?
(1). The main advantage of using the star delta starter is reduction of
current during the starting of the motor.Starting current is reduced to 3-4
times Of current of Direct online starting.(2). Hence the starting current is
reduced , the voltage drops during the starting of motor in systems are
reduced.

47. Why Delta Star Transformers are used for Lighting Loads?
For lighting loads, neutral conductor is must and hence the secondary must
be star winding. and this lighting load is always unbalanced in all three
phases. To minimize the current unbalance in the primary we use delta
winding in the primary. So delta / star transformer is used for lighting loads.

48. Why computer humming sound occurred in HT transmission line?

This computer humming sound is coming due to ionization (breakdown of
air into charged particles) of air around transmission conductor. This effect
is called as Corona effect, and it is considered as power loss.

49. What is rated speed?

At the time of motor taking normal current (rated current)the speed of the
motor is called rated speed. It is a speed at which any system take small
current and give maximum efficiency.

50. If one lamp connects between two phases it will glow or not?
If the voltage between the two phase is equal to the lamp voltage then the
lamp will glow. When the voltage difference is big it will damage the lamp
and when the difference is smaller the lamp will glow depending on the
type of lamp.
Similar Categories

51. Advantages of Power factor improvement and Correction?

1. Increase in efficiency of system and devices

 2. Low Voltage Drop
3. Reduction in size of a conductor and cable which reduces cost of the Cooper
4. An Increase in available power
5. Line Losses (Copper Losses) I2R is reduced
6. Appropriate Size of Electrical Machines (Transformer, Generators etc)

52. Methods for Power Factor Improvement?

1. Static Capacitor
2. Synchronous Condenser
3. Phase Advan

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