NAME: ______________________________________ PROGRAM: ____________________

Course: Thermodynamics 1
Module 1: Concepts, Definitions, and Basic Principles

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1.1 Temperature
1. A worker has a fever and her body temperature is 38.4°C. What is her temperature in (a) K and
(b) °F?

2. On a warm summer day, the air temperature is 88°F. Express this temperature in (a)°C and (b)
kelvins

3. A room air conditioner causes a temperature change of − 5.4.0°C.

(a) What is the temperature change in Kelvin?
(b) What is the temperature change in°F?

4. Water enters an electric heater at 20oC and leaves at 35oC. What is the change in temperature in
oF?

5. The temperature of a furnace is estimated to be around 4800 oR. Express this temperature in
a) oF, (b) oC and (c) K.

6. On a day when the temperature reaches 41oC, what is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and
in Kelvin?

7. A nurse measures the temperature of a patient to be 41.oC. (a) What is this temperature on the
Fahrenheit scale?

8. The temperature difference between the inside and the outside of a home on a cold winter day is
54.0 oF.
Express this difference on (a) the Celsius scale and (b) the Kelvin scale.

9. Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of –195.8 oC at atmospheric pressure. Express this temperature
(a) in degrees Fahrenheit and (b) in kelvins.

10. The boiling point of liquid hydrogen is 20.3 K at atmospheric pressure. What is this temperature
on (a) the Celsius scale and (b) the Fahrenheit scale?
NAME: ______________________________________ PROGRAM: ____________________

Course: Thermodynamics 1
Module 1: Concepts, Definitions, and Basic Principles

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1.2 Pressure
11. A gauge indicates 15 kPa as the fluid pressure while the outside pressure is 110 kPa. Determine
the absolute pressure of the fluid in kPa. Convert this pressure into kgf/cm2.

12. A vacuum gauge fixed on a steam condenser indicates 76 kPa vacuum. The barometer indicates
1.013 bar. Determine the absolute pressure inside the condenser in kPa. Convert this pressure into
head of mercury.

13. What is the water pressure on the bottom of the sea at a depth of 4800 m? The specific gravity
of sea water is assumed to be 1.03.

14. A diver swims to a depth of 2.8 m in a freshwater lake. What is the increase in the force pushing
in on her eardrum, compared to what it was at the lake surface? The area of the eardrum is 0.60
cm2.

15. A submarine is constructed so that it can safely withstand a pressure of 1.4 × 107 Pa. How deep
may this submarine descend in the ocean if the average density of seawater is 1025 kg/m3?

16. A woman’s systolic blood pressure when resting is 180 mm Hg. What is this pressure in
(a) Pa,
(b) lb/in2
(c) atm
(d) torr

17. The gauge pressure of the air in an automobile tire is 30 lb/in2 . Convert this to (a) Pa, (b) torr, (c)
atm

18. An IV is connected to a patient’s vein. The blood pressure in the vein has a gauge pressure of 12
mm Hg. At least how far above the vein must the IV bag be hung in order for fluid to flow into the
vein? Assume the fluid in the IV has the same density as blood

19. A condenser vacuum gage reads 712 mm Hg when the barometer stands at 754 mm Hg. State
the absolute pressure in the condenser in kPa and bars

20. Express a pressure of 20 mm water in mm Hg and kPa

NAME: ______________________________________ PROGRAM: ____________________

Course: Thermodynamics 1
Module 1: Concepts, Definitions, and Basic Principles

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1.3 Weight, Mass, Density, Weight Density, Specific Volume and Specific Gravity
21. A man has a mass of 73 kg on Earth. What is his weight in Newtons? What is his weight in
pounds?

22. Teacher John weighs 190 pounds. What is his mass in kilograms?

23. A woman has a mass of 58 kg on Earth.

a. What is the woman’s mass on the moon? Express your answer in kg, lbm and slug.
b. What would be the woman’s weight on the moon where the acceleration due to gravity is 1.67
m/s2? Calculate the weight in both newtons and lbf.

24. A lubricating oil has a specific gravity of 0.92. Calculate its density in (a) kg/m 3, lb/ft3 (c) kg/li

25. A board measures 2" x 6" x 5'. It weighs 15 Lbs, 4 oz. Determine its weight density and specific
gravity

26. A cylinder of plastic is 100 mm long, and 50 mm in diameter. It has a mass of 1 kg. Determine its
specific gravity and indicate whether it would float or sink in water.

27. Calculate the density, specific weight and weight of one liter of gasoline of specific gravity 0.74.

28. What volume will 150 g of mercury occupy? Density of mercury is 13.6 g/cm 3.

29. A casting of an alloy in the form of a disk weighed 60 g. The disk was 0.125 inch thick and had a
circular cross section of diameter 1.75 in. What is the density og the alloy in g/cm 3?

30. A vessel of volume 50 liters is filled with 2 kg of liquid water and 120 literss of steam with a
specifci volume of 0.02 m3/kg. Dtermine a. The density of the liquid water in kg/m3 b. The mass of
the steam in gms c. The density and the specific volume of the system (liquid water + steam)
NAME: ______________________________________ PROGRAM: ____________________

Course: Thermodynamics 1
Module 1: Concepts, Definitions, and Basic Principles

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

1.4 Conservation of Mass

31. The heart pumps blood into the aorta, which has an inner radius of 1.0 cm. The aorta feeds 32
major arteries. If blood in the aorta travels at a speed of 28 cm/s, at approximately what average
speed does it travel in the arteries? Assume that blood can be treated as an ideal fluid and that the
arteries each have an inner radius of 0.21 cm

32. A garden hose fills a 32-L wastebasket in 120 s. The opening at the end of the hose has a radius
of 1.00 cm. (a) How fast is the water travelling as it leaves the hose? (b) How fast does the water
travel if half the exit area is obstructed by placing a finger over the opening?

33. A garden hose of inner radius 1.0 cm carries water at 2.0 m/s. The nozzle at the end has radius
0.20 cm. How fast does the water move through the nozzle?

34. Water enters a large pipe having a cross sectional area of 10 cm2 with a velocity of 1.2 m/s. A
smaller pipe having a cross sectional area of 6 cm2 is connected to a large pipe. What is the velocity
of water leaving the smaller pipe? What is the volume flow rate of the water through the smaller
pipe?

35. One cubic meter per second of air enters a rectangular air duct measuring 200 mm by 150 mm
with a density of 1.2 kg/m3. It leaves through another air duct measuring 175 mm by 125 mm with a
density of 1.18 kg/m3. Calculate the following:
a. velocities of air at each section in m/s
b. mass flow rate of air at each section in kg/s
c. volume flow rate of leaving air in m3/s