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    Thermoluminecent Dosimeters: Nayana.M M.Sc. Radiation Physics Calicut University

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    Kopi Tiam
    Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are used to monitor radiation exposure. TLDs contain crystals that store energy when exposed to radiation. When the crystals are heated, they release light proportional to the absorbed radiation dose. This light is measured to determine a person's radiation exposure. TLDs are reusable, have good sensitivity over a wide dose range, and provide a cost-effective way to monitor radiation doses received by workers to ensure dose limits are not exceeded.

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    Thermoluminecent Dosimeters: Nayana.M M.Sc. Radiation Physics Calicut University

    Uploaded by

    Kopi Tiam
    143 views18 pages
    Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are used to monitor radiation exposure. TLDs contain crystals that store energy when exposed to radiation. When the crystals are heated, they release light proportional to the absorbed radiation dose. This light is measured to determine a person's radiation exposure. TLDs are reusable, have good sensitivity over a wide dose range, and provide a cost-effective way to monitor radiation doses received by workers to ensure dose limits are not exceeded.

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    Introduction of TLD Badge

    Original Title

    TLD

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    Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are used to monitor radiation exposure. TLDs contain crystals that store energy when exposed to radiation. When the crystals are heated, they release light proportional to the absorbed radiation dose. This light is measured to determine a person's radiation exposure. TLDs are reusable, have good sensitivity over a wide dose range, and provide a cost-effective way to monitor radiation doses received by workers to ensure dose limits are not exceeded.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    143 views18 pages

    Thermoluminecent Dosimeters: Nayana.M M.Sc. Radiation Physics Calicut University

    Uploaded by

    Kopi Tiam
    Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are used to monitor radiation exposure. TLDs contain crystals that store energy when exposed to radiation. When the crystals are heated, they release light proportional to the absorbed radiation dose. This light is measured to determine a person's radiation exposure. TLDs are reusable, have good sensitivity over a wide dose range, and provide a cost-effective way to monitor radiation doses received by workers to ensure dose limits are not exceeded.

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    The key takeaways are that TLDs are used to monitor radiation exposure and dose by measuring light emitted when heated, TLD materials include lithium fluoride and calcium sulfate doped with dysprosium, and TLDs have both advantages like sensitivity and reusability as well as disadvantages like lack of uniformity and fading.

    A thermoluminescent dosimeter, or TLD, is a type of personnel radiation dosimeter that measures ionizing radiation exposure by measuring the intensity of visible light emitted from a crystal in the detector when the crystal is heated, with the amount of light dependent on the radiation exposure.

    In a TLD reader, the irradiated TLD material is placed in a heater cup and heated, causing electrons trapped in the crystal to be released as photons of light. This light is measured by a photomultiplier tube which converts it to an electrical current, which is then amplified and measured to determine the radiation dose absorbed by the TLD.

    THERMOLUMINECENT

    DOSIMETERS

    NAYANA.M
    M.SC. RADIATION PHYSICS
    CALICUT UNIVERSITY
    INTRODUCTION
    As per the radiation protection rules , radiation monitoring become
    necessary for person , patient ,public. Dosimetry is the monitoring of individuals to accurately
    determine their radiation dose equivalent at work sites.
    When radiation interacts with the human body, there are no perceptible
    sensations and usually no immediate effects. To protect ourselves and others, we must use
    and rely upon instruments to quantify and qualify radiation measurements .That is to ensure
    dose limits are not exceeded 20 mSv /y for whole body and to confirm that doses are As Low
    As Reasonably Achievable.
    THERMOLUMINESCENT DOSIMETER, TLD

     Thermoluminesecence is the glowing property of some materials when get heated..


     A thermoluminescent dosimeter, or TLD, is a type of personnel radiation dosimeter. It
    measures ionizing radiation exposure by measuring the intensity of visible light emitted
    from a crystal in the detector when the crystal is heated.
     The amount of light emitted is dependent upon the radiation exposure
     Measures radiation ranges from 10mR- 10000R with accuracy of +/- 10%
    Theory of thermoluminescent dosimetry:-
     Heating causes e- to drop back to valence band, releasing a
    photon of energy equivalent to energy difference between trap
    state and ground state.

     If it take long time to drop back then it is called FADING. It is a


    property that is dependent on incident energy and intrinsic
    property of TLD material.
    Glow Curves
    - Plot of thermoluminescence against temperature is called
    Glow curve.

    - As the temperature of TL material exposed to radiation is


    increased the probability of releasing e- increases.

    - Optimum Temperature for TLD readout is 170-230oc

    - Area under this curve is directly proportional to the amount


    of radiation that was absorbed in the chip.

    - The individual glow peaks are numbered and correspond to


    different trap depths.
    .
    TL MATERIALS
    o The materials are usually inorganic crystalline or polycrystalline crystals or
    phosphors which have defects produced during synthesis including those
    due to impurities added intentionally.
    o The most commonly used TL phosphors are:
    o lithium fluoride
    o calcium fluoride
    o lithium borate
    o calcium sulphate.
    o In India CaSO4:Dy(1:3) embedded Teflon TLD disk are used.
    o It should have a single glow curve.
    Characteristics of CaSO4:Dy

    - Effective Atomic No- 15.


    - Main Peak at 200oC
    - Emission Maximum 480-570 nm
    - Fading less than 5 % per month(at 25oC )
    - Self fading 0.01 mSv/month
    - Linearity in Response :linear upto 30 Gy
    - Colour of emitted light :yellowish -white
    To measure X, , - radiation
    TLD READER CONSTRUCTION

    - Irradiated material is placed in heater cup or planchet


    and heated .

    - Emitted light is measured by photomultiplier tube


    converts light into electrical energy. current is then
    amplified and measured by recorder
    POSITIONING OF THE BADGE
    -One badge should be worn at chest level to record whole body equivalent
    dose.
    - Should be worn below the lead apron if used.
    -If selectively high doses are expected to hands and head- additional wrist
    and head badges may be used.
    ADVANTAGES

    ◦ Able to measure a greater range of doses (better sensitivity)


    ◦ Doses can be easily obtained
    ◦ Linearity of dose response
    ◦ Energy independence.
    ◦ Quicker turn around time for readout
    ◦ Reusable
    ◦ Small size -So effective in point dose measurement.
    ◦ Less expensive.
    DISADVANTAGES

     Lack of uniformity – batch calibration needed


     Light sensitivity
     Fading
     No permanent record
     Dust on the detector will glow when heated and will be recorded by
    the phototube as a false reading.
    Conclusion

     Use of TLD is necessary at radiation working environment

     It only measures the dose doesn’t provide any protection to


    personnels.

     A TLD of one can’t be used by other.

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