Photojournalism

Presented by:
Mr. Generie M. Manuel
DLSU – Laguna Campus
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Photojournalism
Lecture
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Photojournalism
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Photojournalism
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 a rule to follow

Learn to View

View to Learn
Photojournalism
photography combined with
written words.
communicating with pictures
reporting subjects and events of
public interest thru photographs
Functions of Photos in
 to attract attention
Newspaper
 to illustrate a point
.
 to tell a story thru the
aid of caption
 to complement,
support and give
visual meaning to
the news
 to help the readers
know how the person
or the place in the
story looks like.
 to beautify the page
Important Elements in
PHOTOJOURN
EDITORIAL VALUE
Researches and
constructs image
with and
accompanying
story for the
readers and takes
them to see things
which
the readers
cannot see for
themselves.
TECHNICAL VALUE

The art of
making
things visible
in the eyes of
people
through
photographs.
 HOW TO TAKE PHOTOS HAVING
TECHNICAL AND EDITORIAL VALUES
The 6 Things To Know
C .E. L. L.

• C omposition

• E xposure
• L ens
• L ight
C Principle 1
O Un-clutter the picture.
M Zoom in.
P
O
S
I
T
I
O A good photograph is a subject, a context, and
nothing else. Remove any clutter that detracts
N from your message. Get closer -- zoom in -- and
crop as tightly as possible
 Principle 2
C
Put subject off-centre /
O
Rule of thirds
M unless it’s a
reflection
P
O
S
I
T
I The center of the frame is the weakest place -- it's
O static, dull, and gives no value to the context. The
more you move the subject away from the center, the
N more relevance you give to the context
C Principle 3
O Use of frames, lines &
diagonals
M
P
O
S
I
T
I
O Create impact by using frames and real or
N inferred lines that lead the viewer's eye into and
around the picture
C Principle 4: Dramatic Perspective
O
M
P
O
S
I
T
I
Create impact by photographing your subjects from unexpected
O angles. Imagine yourself as an electron spinning around the
subject, which is the nucleus of an atom
N
 Exposure

• Aperture
• Shutter speed
• ISO
 Aperture: General Rules
and tips
• A larger lens opening (f1.8-3.5) offers the
following advantages:
– Allows you to shoot more often with
just natural lighting  helps to
reduce harsh shadows and red-eye
caused by flash.
– Allows more light to pass through, the
camera will be able to choose a
slightly higher shutter speed 
helps to reduce motion blur.
– Helps to reduce "depth-of-field“ (for
effect).
 Aperture
Principle
Affect depth of field
(range of distance in
focus)
When shooting a landscape, as
much of the photograph in sharp
focus as possible (f11 to f22). In a
portrait, shallower dof (f2.8-8) will
isolate your subject from
distracting backgrounds
 Shutter speed: General
Rules and tips
• To capture blur-free "action"
photographs (e.g. Sports), you need to
make sure the camera is using a high
shutter speed, e.g.1/125th of a second
or more.
• Less light gets through to the imager as
shutter speed is increased, thus difficult
to use higher shutter speeds in lower
light situations.
• Alternatives: Allow more light to pass
through the lens (larger aperture
setting), the other is to increase the ISO
 Principle
S
Freezing motion (achieve the
H desired effect)

U
T
T
E
Absolutely sharp images are not always the best.
R They can look static and dull. At slow shutter speeds
the camera blurs the image of moving objects, and
Speed can create a more convincing image of movement.
ISO: General Rules and tips
• ISO settings are often rated at 100, 200,
400, 800, 1600, and even 3200 on some
models
• Use an ISO of 100 or 200 when taking
photographs outside in sunny conditions.
• If the sky is overcast or it is evening time,
or in a darkened room, then use an ISO
within the range of 400 to 800.
• Night time or in cases of low light you
might need to set your digital camera ISO
to 1600. If not your photo will appear too
dark, if at all.
 ISO measures Principle
the sensitivity Set the lowest
of the image
sensor. The setting possible to
lower the avoid noise
number the
less sensitive

I your camera is
to light and the
finer the
S grain.

O
Setting ISO 100 ISO 3200
 Principle
Wide Angle (35mm) or
Telephoto (70mm)

Wide-angle lenses allow more of a picture to be

Lens captured (need focal point) while telephoto lenses
tighten the scene and isolate the subject (but affect
the depth of field & increase camera shake)
 Principle 1
Avoid using flash, even
for night shots

The
indiscrimi
nate blast
of flash
destroys
the
intimate
mood of
Light existing
light
 Principle 2
Side Lighting
instead of front
or overhead
(noon-time)
lighting

The use of frontal

flash lighting tends to
flatten faces.

Use side lighting as much as possible,

Light even moving your subject, if necessary,
next to a window.
 Principle 3
Use fill-in flash,
for backlit
situations or
overhead sun.

Overhead sun creates dark eye sockets and

unattractive shadows, which can be reduced
by using a flash. Use fill-in flash also for
situations where the subject is backlit
Light (camera auto exposure will be confused)
Tips • Try to avoid posed pictures
• Try to capture emotion
• Get faces; not backs
• Identify the star of the picture
• Get up close!
• Let your picture tell a story
• Use different angles
• Avoid inanimate objects; focus on
people
• Don’t crowd the picture
• Action, good; blurry, bad!
• Use the “Rule of Thirds”
• Try different things
Try to avoid posed pictures
Try to capture emotion
Get faces; not backs
Who is the star of the picture?
Get up close!
Let your pictures tell a story
Let your pictures tell a story
Use different angles/levels
Inanimate objects
• Inanimate objects tend to be
boring; always try to include
people

• No pictures of buildings, cars, etc.

• Don’t just photograph a

sculpture; photograph someone
looking at the sculpture with an
expressive look on his/her face
Inanimate objects
Don’t crowd the picture
Action is exciting; blurry is not
Use the Rule of Thirds
Use the Rule of Thirds
Try different things
Winning Shots
 Rule-of-thirds

Larawan ni:
Patricia Jenniferlyn Bonayon
Rule-of-thirds Larawan ni:
Ronnabel Gonzales
Framing Larawan ni:
Patricia Jenniferlyn Bonayon
Framing Larawan ni:
Weslie Jane Mendiola
Depth of Field Larawan ni:
Shiela Mae Misamin
Depth of Field Larawan ni:
Shiela Mae Misamin
 Reflection

Larawan ni:
Heart Hernandez
Reflection Larawan galing sa:
The Philippine Daily Inquirer
Pattern Larawan ni:
Mark Erikson Maque
 Pattern

Larawan ni:
Rodiel Sacdal
Perspective Larawan ni:
Maria Rowiena Jane Caballa
 Perspective

Larawan ni:
JJMcKlain Antenor
Juxtaposition Larawan ni:
Alicia Tud
 Juxtaposition

Larawan ni:
Noralyn Remoto
Silhouette Larawan galing sa:
The Philippine Daily Inquirer
 Silhouette

Larawan ni:
JJMcKlain Antenor
Editorial Value Larawan ni:
JJMcKlain Antenor
Editorial Value Larawan ni:
Alicia Tud
 How to write a

Photo Caption
 PHOTO CAPTION

• A text which accompanies a

picture. It may be several
paragraphs in length or as
short as three, four or five
words.
Be particular of names, titles, genders, professions, etc.
Devise a foolproof way of identifying who is in the picture
by locating people in the picture from left to right.
Location of the picture should be recorded.
Double-check information given by the source
 The first few words of a caption are like
introductory paragraph of a story – they
have to attract the interest of the reader.

Captions should form a link between the readers and

the event shown in the picture.

Captions are best written in the present tense –

using the past tense reduces the immediacy of the picture.

Verbs should be active rather than passive.

Avoid using: our picture shows, pictured

yesterday, shares
a` joke.

Individual paragraphs of the text may start with

a blob, or
some other design.
 On the job, the reporter and
photographer discuss how best to
get the shot, based on the reporter’s
research and ideas on how he or
she will write the story. The
photographer meanwhile, also gets
to write.
The caption, or cutline, is the
one- to two-sentence story under
the photo, which helps to tell the
story.
Captions serve to:
1.Grab the reader’s
attention.
2.Provide information for
the busy reader who
may not read the related
story.
Two types of photo captions:
1. Photo with a story: the
caption is one to two
sentences and aids in
getting the reader to read
the story.
2. Photo without a story: also
called ‘Stand-Alone Art,’ it
needs two sentences,
usually has a headline.
Captions should be:

Active
Complete
Interesting
1. Write one sentence,
usually the first, to
explaining what’s
happening in the
photo. The 5 Ws.
2. Write a second
sentence giving
additional
information about
the event.
Do’s for writing
captions:
Do use the first three to five
words to grab attention.
Do state the obvious without
being obvious.
Do use second IDs.
Do include the 5 Ws and H.
In stand-alone art, the first
three to five words
sometimes serve as the
headline, which is in all
caps and bolded. For
example:

BLUE MAN ARMED – Long

before the night was over, Baby Face
Nelson took out his gun and cleaned
it for old times sake. Nelson will be
in town for the next three weeks,
appearing in “Blue Man Crew.”
What is a Second ID:

Instead of using a subject’s name

twice in the caption, use another
label for them – a second ID.

SEPTEMBER SUNSET – Mary

Jones walked her baby in the park
as the sun set on Manhattan. The
district court judge has been on
maternity leave since August and
hopes to return to work in
December.
Don’ts for writing
captions:
Don’t begin with a name unless it
is the most important element.
Don’t state the obvious.
Don’t use “pictured above” or
“shown here” or similar phrases.
The reader knows.
Don’t use “seems to” or “tries to.”
Just the facts.
Don’t pad with worthless
information.
Don’t use gag, joke or cutesy
comments. But puns are sometimes
good.
Don’t comment, question or talk to
the picture. “Watch out for that
truck!”
Do’s for Captions
Do consider what is going on before,
during and after.
Do use visual and specific nouns.
Do use active verbs.
Do keep cutlines factual.
Do identify all people, except with
crowds.
Do interview to gain facts.

Do proofread, especially names.

Identifying
the People in your Photos:
If it’s a male and a female – no need to tell us
who’s on the left or right. Their names will tell us.

If it’s two men or two women – ID the one on the

left.
“Jane Doe, left, and Barb Jones took their
physics exam yesterday, just before spring break.

If it’s a group of people – ID up to five people in a

photo, left to right. Sometimes it’s best to ID
clockwise.
“Participants included, clockwise from bottom right,
Jane Doe, Barb Jones, Melanie Righteous, etc.
LET’S DO CAPTION…
Who: Dana Dietl, 13, and brother Beau, 9. What: They ordered
Roaccutan, an acne drug, over the Internet. Their drug came from
Pakistan. Their father is an ex-NYC cop who runs his own
investigation company. He found no controls on Internet drugs.
Who: Iraqi Shi’a father and son
What: Shi’a mark the
anniversary of the death of
Imam Moussa Al-Kadhim.
Father and son flog themselves
with chains.
When: yesterday
Where: Outside the holy shrine
of Imam in Baghdad
Why: First time since Sadaam’s
fall that such a display was
allowed.
Who: Andy Willner
What: the
baykeeper for
Hudson-Raritan
estuary
When: yesterday.
Where: Passaic
River How-Why:
Passaic is coming
back after suffering
many years of
industrial pollution.
Who: Adriana, 4, Daniel, 7, and Alexandre Martinho, 9
What: The lot behind them is under consideration for
construction of an elementary school. However, a builder wants
to erect condos.
When: yesterday. Where: Newark. Why-How: Dispute will
delay construction of schools. Same problem exists in many
urban districts.
Who: Right-Giants cornerback Will Allen. Left-Redskins
Laveranues Coles.
What: Coles loses interception to Allen in third quarter.
When-Where: Landover, Md. Giants 24, Redskins 21 (OT)
Who: Rookie center fielder Jeff
Duncan and NY Mets
What: Duncan erred, allowing
a triple; he struck out three
times.The Mets lost, 4-2 to the
Montreal Expos.
When: yesterday
Where: at Shea Stadium
REVIEW
PHOTOJOURNALISM = PHOTO + CAPTION
ENGLISH: Must begin with either WHAT or WHO
Example: Jenelyn Mercado, 25, joins hundred of school
paper advisers in honing their skills in campus
papering at Davao City ES, Davao City
on August 4.

FILIPINO: Must begin in verb (pandiwa)

Example: Dinaluhan ni Jenelyn Mercado, 25, ang pagtitipon
ng mga school paper adviser upang sanayin
ang sarili sa paggawa ng pahayagang pang
mag-aaral sa Davao ES, Davao City,
Agosto 4.
KAMPYON ULIT! Nakuhang
muli ni Reymond delos Santos
ang unang pwesto sa Editorial
Cartooning-Filipino sa National
Schools Press Conference na
ginanap sa Puerto Princes City,
Palawan, Abril 12. (Ronnabel
Gonzales)
BEST TEACHER. DepED Sec. Armin Luistro, FSC (right) and
Bro. Gus Boquer, FSC (left) hand over the plague to Mr. Irlo
Dumo as ‘Most Outstanding Secondary Teacher in Cavite’ during
the Gawad Gurong Caviteño 2013 held at Salrial Ballroom, De
La Salle University-Dasmariñas on October 2. (JIFLD)
Salamat po
sa pakikinnig!
Credits:
• Irlo L. Dumo
• Vicencio Photo Journalism Lecture
• Andi Mulshine Garden State
Scholastic Press Association