Rocks and the Rock Cycle

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 1. Sedimentary rocks form from rock and mineral fragments, and metamorphic rocks form from existing rock.
_______________
____ 2. Studying a rock’s texture can help scientists determine which type of rock it is. _______________
____ 3. Textures are fragments that make up rocks. _______________
____ 4. Deposition is a tectonic process that forces rocks onto Earth’s surface throughout the rock cycle.
_______________

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. The processes involved in the rock cycle include all of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. condensation c. weathering
b. erosion d. compaction
____ 2. The ____ shows how one rock changes into another.
a. rock cycle c. formation of crystals
b. melting process d. none of the above
____ 3. Sedimentary rocks are changed to sediments by ____.
a. weathering and erosion c. cementation
b. compaction d. heat and pressure
____ 4. Igneous rocks form from ____ when it cools.
a. magma c. neither a nor b
b. lava d. both a and b
____ 5. All of the following conditions in Earth can cause metamorphic rocks to form EXCEPT ____.
a. pressure c. heat
b. the presence of hot, watery fluids d. exposure to air
____ 6. Sedimentary rocks are ____.
a. formed from magma
b. a type of foliated igneous rock
c. formed because of changes in temperature and pressure, or the presence of hot watery
fluids
d. formed when loose materials become pressed or cemented together or when minerals form
from solutions
____ 7. A rock is always ____.
a. made of molten material
b. a mixture of minerals, organic matter, volcanic glass, or other materials
c. formed by heat and pressure
d. either igneous or sedimentary
____ 8. Rocks are formed when magma or lava ____.
a. erodes c. undergoes radioactive decay
b. crystallizes d. weathers
____ 9. The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can ____.
 a. provide materials to make other rocks
b. form other rocks
c. be changed by forces at Earth's surface
d. all of the above
____ 10. Which type of scientist analyzes the composition of rocks?
a. an environmentalist c. a biologist
b. a naturalist d. a geologist
____ 11. Which is a tectonic process that forces rocks up from beneath Earth’s surface?
a. melting c. deposition
b. uplift d. crystallization
____ 12. Rocks can change throughout many different processes through the rock cycle. All of the following change
rocks on Earth’s surface except _____.
a. weathering c. deposition
b. melting d. compaction

Completion
Complete each statement.

1. Rock formed from the crystallization of magma is called _________________________.

2. A natural, solid mixture of minerals or grains is called a ______________.
3. The three basic types of rocks are igneous, _______________________, and metamorphic.
4. Sedimentary rocks are formed when ______________ is deposited in environments like rivers and streams.

Matching

Match the tectonic force that best explains how each type of rock is formed.
a. extreme temperature and pressure
b. melting
c. uplift
d. weathering and erosion
____ 1. igneous rock to sedimentary rock
____ 2. metamorphic rock to igneous rock
____ 3. sedimentary rock to metamorphic rock
____ 4. metamorphic rock to sedimentary rock

Short Answer

Use this rock cycle model to answer the three questions below. Each answer is worth 2 points.
1. According to this rock cycle model, can a sedimentary rock be transformed directly into an igneous rock?
Why or why not?

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2. Discuss how a metamorphic rock could become a sedimentary rock.

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3. Explain the difference between the rectangles and the ovals in this model.

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Rocks and the Rock Cycle
Answer Section

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
2. ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 | DOK 1-LOW
REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 2 OBJ: 4-3
3. ANS: F, Grains

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
4. ANS: F, Uplift

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2 | 5.4.6.C.3

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: A
The series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock is called the rock cycle.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
2. ANS: A
The series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock is called the rock cycle.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
3. ANS: A
Forces such as wind, running water, ice, and even gravity cause rocks on Earth’s surface to break down.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
4. ANS: D
When lava cools and crystallizes, it becomes igneous rock. |
Igneous rocks that form as magma cools underground are called intrusive rocks.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 2 OBJ: 4-3
STA: 5.4.6.C.2 | 5.4.8.D.1
 5. ANS: D
Changes in temperature, pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids can result in the rearrangement of
minerals or the formation of new minerals in a metamorphic rock.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 4 OBJ: 4-7
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
6. ANS: D
After sediments are deposited, the process of compaction and cementation begins.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 3 OBJ: 4-5
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
7. ANS: B
A rock is a natural, solid mixture of minerals or grains.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
8. ANS: B
When lava cools and crystallizes, it becomes igneous rock.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 | DOK 2-MOD

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 2 OBJ: 4-3
STA: 5.4.6.C.2 | 5.4.8.D.1
9. ANS: D
The series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock is called the rock cycle.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
10. ANS: D
Geologists use texture and composition to classify rocks.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2 | 5.4.8.D.1
11. ANS: B
Uplift is a tectonic process that forces these rocks onto Earth’s surface.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2 | 5.4.8.D.1
12. ANS: B
Some rock cycle processes occur only beneath Earth’s surface, such as those that involve extreme
temperature, pressure, and melting.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2 | 5.4.6.C.3
COMPLETION

1. ANS: igneous rock

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 | DOK 2-MOD

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
2. ANS: rock

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 1 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
3. ANS: sedimentary

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
4. ANS: sediment

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 2 | DOK 1-LOW

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2

MATCHING

1. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 | DOK 2-MOD

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
2. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 | DOK 2-MOD
REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 | DOK 2-MOD
REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2
4. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 | DOK 2-MOD
REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-2
STA: 5.4.6.C.2

SHORT ANSWER

1. ANS:
No, in order for a rock to become igneous it must form from magma or melted rock. During the process of
melting, a sedimentary rock’s crystals would change making it a metamorphic rock first.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 | DOK 2-MOD

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2 | 5.4.6.C.3
2. ANS:
A metamorphic rock could become a sedimentary rock if it were uplifted to Earth’s surface, broken down into
sediments by weathering and erosion, and then form a sedimentary rock by litification.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 | DOK 2-MOD

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2 | 5.4.6.C.3
3. ANS:
The rectangles represent materials and the ovals represent processes.

PTS: 1 DIF: Bloom's Level 3 | DOK 2-MOD

REF: To review this topic refer to Rocks: Lesson 1 OBJ: 4-1
STA: 5.4.6.C.2 | 5.4.6.C.3