TEKNIK PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH

(Waste Treatment Engineering)

Kuliah Pilihan
Semester Genap

Pengampu:
Agus Prasetya, PhD.

Departemen Teknik Kimia FT-UGM

Semester Genap 2017.

Tugas Paper Project

• Tugas diberikan dalam bentuk Paper Project individu,
berbasis Teori dan Kunjungan Lapangan.
• Komponen Nilai Tugas mencakup Paper dan
Presentasi.
• Substansi dan format Paper akan dijelaskan
tersendiri.
• Untuk mendapatkan nilai A, perserta harus
mengumpulkan semua tugas.
• Semua tugas dikumpulkan sebelum kuliah/ujian
dimulai dan sudah dalam keadaan terjilid rapi.
• Tugas terlambat atau baru dikompile di kelas akan
mendapat pengurangan nilai.

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Topics for Fields Study, Presentation and Paper Project (DTK
FT UGM):
A. Pengolahan Limbah Cair Domestik Skala Komunitas (Case: IPAL
Komunal) – Community Based Domestic WWTP
B. Pengolahan Limbah Cair Domestik Terpusat/Skala Regional (Case:
IPAL Sewon, Bantul) – Centralized WWTP
C. Biodigesting Sistem Limbah Organik (Case: Pasar Buah Gamping)
– Biodigesting System for Organic Waste
D. Pengolahan Limbah Cair IKM – Penyamakan Kulit atau Industri
Logam – Industrial WWT (Case: WWTP for Leather Tanning or
Metal Product Industry)
E. Pengolahan Limbah Cair Industri Tekstil/Batik (WWTP for
Textile/Batik Industry)
F. Pengolahan Limbah Cair – Lindi TPA (Leachate Treatment
Installation) (Case: TPA Piyungan)
G. Pengolahan Limbah Cair IKM – Food Industry (Case: SGM)
H. Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit – WWTP for Hospital 3

Topics for Fields Study, Presentation and Paper Project (MTPB

Ilmu Lingk SPs UGM; MeTSi FT UGM):
A. Pengolahan Limbah Cair Domestik Skala Komunitas (Case: IPAL
Komunal) – Community Based Domestic WWTP
B. Pengolahan Limbah Cair Domestik Terpusat/Skala Regional (Case:
IPAL Sewon, Bantul) – Centralized WWTP
C. Biodigesting Sistem Limbah Organik (Case: Pasar Buah Gamping)
– Biodigesting System for Organic Waste
D. Konservasi Air Skala Hunian (Household Scale Water Conservation)
– Bumi Langit (Imogiri)/Blue Ocean – Gn. Kidul
E. Pengolahan Limbah Cair – Lindi TPA (Leachate Treatment
Installation) (Case: TPA Piyungan)
F. Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit – WWTP for Hospital
G. Wetland System (Constructed/Natural Wetland) – Rawa/Daerah
Pasang Surut.
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 Inikah wajah kita?

Wastewater Treatment and Reuse:

Introduction and General

Overview
(Materi 1)

Agus Prasetya, PhD

• Lab. Konservasi Energi dan Pencegahan Pencemaran,

Dept. Teknik Kimia FT-UGM.
• Waste Refinery Center (WRC), FT-UGM
• MTPB – Ilmu Lingkungan, SPs-UGM

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Some water facts:
• 75% of the earth's surface is
covered with water.
• 97% of the water an earth is
salt
water.
• 2% of the water on earth is
fresh water, either frozen in
glaciers at the North and
South poles or locked in rock
formations deep within the
earth.
• 1% of the water on earth is
fresh water available for our
uses.

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 Water Pollution
Level (measured
as nitrate level)

Death due to
unsafe water

Note:
WSH = Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

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WATER POLLUTION

Comprehensive Outlook of the

Environmental Problems

‘The Heart’ of
various multi-
Health aspect
problems!
Many
other Economy
aspect Environ-
s mental
Problems

Politics
and Behaviour
Social and
Stability
Culture

@aguspras_2014

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 Textbook

Buku Teks Utama:

Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., 2003, “Wastewater Engineering:
Treatment and Reuse”, 4th ed., revised by
Tschobanoglous, G., F.L. Burton, H.D. Stensel, Mc. Graw-
Hill, Boston.

Buku Teks Tambahan:

Eckenfelder Jr., W., 2002, “Industrial Water Pollution
Control”, 3rd ed., Mc. Graw-Hill Book., Boston.

COURSE CONTENT
Lecture Part-1: Pra UTS
• Overview of the course: Pollution Issues, Water Quality. The concept
of Pollution Control (1x).
• Primary Treatment (some topics): Screening, Flocculation and
Coagulation, Clarification, Flotation (2x).
• Secondary (Biological) Treatment: Aerobic, Anaerobic, Anoxic.
Suspended Growth and Attached Growth. Various Technologies (3x).
• Special Topics in Waste Treatment in Mining and Mineral Processing
Industry or other specific topic (tentative) (1x).

Lecture Part-2: Pasca UTS

• Presentation and Discussion (8 topics/4 weeks)
• Domestic Solid Waste Treatment and Biodigesting (1x)
• Tertiary and Advanced Treatment: Adsorption (tentative) (1x)
• Tertiary and Advanced Treatment: Membrane Filtration (tentative) (1x)

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Cara Pandang Pengelolaan Limbah

Composting and
Energy Recovery

@aguspras_2014

Tinjauan Komprehensif

Reduce

Reuse SEKARANG!!

Recycle

Dispose

Reduce
Kata Kunci:
Penanganan Reuse
Komprehensif - ESOK ?
dari HULU ke Recycle
HILIR !
Dispose
@aguspras_2014

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Tinjauan Komprehensif
Ya
Limbah Padat Dapat Usaha Pencegahan
/Cair dicegah? (Prevention)

Tidak

Ya
Dapat Usaha Pengurangan
dikurangi? (Reduction, Minimization)
Tidak

Ya
Dapat Usaha Pemanfaatan
dimanfaatkan? (Reuse, Recycle, Recovery)

Tidak

Management
Pengolahan konvesional
Penanganan Kategori B3?
(Conventional Treatment)
Khusus Ya Tidak

@aguspras_2014

WHY WASTE WATER TREATMENT?

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WHY WASTE WATER TREATMENT?

WASTE WATER TREATMENT:

• For water conservation (for future generation, future life)
• Minimization of pollution in environtment (amount and spreading)
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Wastewater Treatment Engineering:

How ?
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Evans and Furlong, 2003, Environmental Biotechnology, John Wiley and Sons.

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Evans and Furlong, 2003, Environmental Biotechnology, John Wiley and Sons .

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Evans and Furlong, 2003, Environmental Biotechnology, John Wiley and Sons .

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Parameter Baku Mutu Air Limbah Buangan Pabrik Pupuk dan Amoniak

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 Contoh Penanganan pada Hulu: Process
Condensate Treatment Pada Pabrik Pupuk Urea

Hydrolyzer
Stripper/Desorber (Horisontal)

aguspras_dtk_ft/mtpb_sps_ugm/mei2016

Wastewater Treatment Systems

PRIMARY
Ada banyak TERTIARY
pilihan Ada banyak
teknologi/ pilihan
proses teknologi/
proses

SECONDARY
(BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT)
• Ada banyak
pilihan teknologi/
proses
Utilized/Discharge to
environment

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 Tahapan Pengolahan Air Limbah (Konvensional)

Preliminary dan Primary

Secondary Treatment
Fisis: Biologis: Biologis Lanjut:

Tertuary Treatment
Screening, Biodegradasi Nitrifikasi, Removal
(Aerobik, Anaerobik,
Treatment
Ekualisasi, Anoxic, Fakultatif,
Fosfat, Wetland,
Flokulasi- Hybrid) dll.
Koagulasi- Fisis: Stripping,
Sedimentasi, Filtrasi Membran,
Flotasi, Filtrasi Fisis: Pengadukan,
Sedimentasi, Aerasi. Ozonisasi, UV-
Desinfektasi, dll.
Kimia: Kimia: Ion
Netralisasi,
Presipitasi Exchange
(Pengurangan
Mineral), dll.

Kondisi-kondisi proses yang harus diketahui:

• Konsentrasi dan Kapasitas

• Suhu, Tekanan, pH (keasaman), alkalinitas, bahan-bahan

beracun, dll.

Proses Umum Pengolahan Air Limbah

Primary Treatment
• Menyiapkan air limbah untuk pengolahan secara biologis.
• Hanya melibatkan proses-proses fisis (screening, sedimentasi, flotasi untuk
mengeluarkan minyak, oli dan padatan tersuspensi) dan sedikit proses kimia
(e.g. netralisasi)

Secondary Treatment
• Proses degradasi biologis senyawa organik terlarut (dinyatakan dalam BOD)
• Biodegradasi:
- Aerobik : dilakukan dalam ruang terbuka (Kolam dengan aerator)
- Anaerobik : dilakukan dalam tangki tertutup, Kolam Anaerobik
- Anoxic (Partially Aerobik)

Tertiary Treatment
• Untuk mengeluarkan residu-residu tertentu, e.g. padatan koloidal, trace
senyawa organik non-biodegradable.
• Melibatkan proses fisis dan kimiawi (e.g. adsorpsi, ion-exchange, stripping,
distilasi), dan kadang2 proses biologis.
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Example: Simple WWT Configuration

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Example: Common WWT Configuration

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 Example: Simple WWT Configuration

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Various Reuse-Scheme of Treated Wastewater

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Land Application of Treated Wastewater

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 Pemilihan Proses

Pemilihan teknologi proses tergantung pada:

• Karakteristik air limbah (kuantitas dan kualitas)

➢ Bentuk polutan: padatan tersuspensi, koloid, larut
➢ Biodegradability senyawa organik yang ada dalam limbah
➢ Toksisitas dari senyawa organik dan/atau anorganik dalam
limbah.
➢ Beban air limbah (debit per hari)

• Kualitas effluent yang diinginkan

➢ Mempertimbangkan batasan baku mutu yang diijinkan
➢ Mempertimbangkan dampaknya di masa depan

• Harga & Biaya dan Ketersediaan Bahan/Lahan

➢ Satu atau lebih kombinasi proses dapat digunakan, jika
lahan untuk pengolahan air limbah sangat terbatas dan atau
mahal.
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KARAKTERISTIK AIR LIMBAH

⚫ Karakteristik Fisis:
− TS, TVS, TDS, TSS, VSS
− Particle size, turbidity, colour, odor, temperature, density,
conductivity.
⚫ Karakteristik Kimia: Komponen Anorganik
− Free ammonia, organic-N, TKN
− NO -2, NO -3, total nitrogen
− Phosporous: organic and inorganic.
− pH, alkalinity, Cl -, SO2-4
− Metals: As, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Mg, Hg,
Ni, Na, Zn, etc
− Gas-gas terlarut: O2, CO2, NH3, H2S, CH4

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 KARAKTERISTIK AIR LIMBAH
⚫ Karakteristik Kimia: Komponen Organik
− BOD, COD, TOC
− Senyawa organik spesifik: fenol, benzen, toluene,
dll.
⚫ Karakteristik Biologis:
− Coliform (E-Coli)
− Specific microorganism: bacteria, protozoa, viruses
− Toxicity: Toxic Unit

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PENGKATEGORIAN KONSTITUEN ORGANIK DALAM AIR LIMBAH

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