A PROPOSED ASSESSMENT ON

THE WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT

AT A RESIDENCIAL BUILDING:
BOARDING HOUSE

Dr. LEA A. JIMENEZ JOSELLE MARIE P. DEAŇO

 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

This chapter of the paper presents the

researchers study of the problem and its
setting. It includes the rationale of the
study, its objectives, the significance of the
study, scope and limitation of the study, the
conceptual framework, and the definition of
terms for better understanding of the study.
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Water pollution is a serious problem that can affect

everyone, but water is crucially important for our
environment and wildlife. Wastewater management is a
system that deals with the treatment of wastewater so it
can be safely disposed of. This system includes pipes and
pumps to transport the water from where it comes from to
where it goes. Wastewater management is important
because it allows us to keep our water clean and safe for
drinking and recreation, while still being able to use it for
other purposes like irrigation or industrial processes.
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

A Vienna, Austria report about wastewater on

February 26, 2017, states that wastewater is a
global problem and from a case in Northern
Philippines that remains polluted despite more
than a decade of rehabilitation strategies.
(Napaldet & Buot, 2020) This water usage and
wastewater management challenges us on
how to conserve water resource that if not,
could lead to depletion of this resource.
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
According to the recent studies conducted by the
scientists at the Utrecht University and the United
Nations University, about 48% of water is currently
released untreated which globally, almost 359 billion m3
of wastewater is being released each year. (Jones,
2021) In our country, the Philippines, there’s only 10% of
the wastewater that is being treated and there’s only 5%
of the Philippines total population is using a connected
sewer network. Majority in the country uses toilets that
has sewers connected to septic tanks. (Tuddao, 2021)
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

This paper is an appraisal of a certain boarding house concerning

wastewater management, wherein I together with my family rented for
months now. Most Southeast Asian countries like the Philippines, still
under preliminary stages of sewage systems. (Bogitsh, Carter & Oeltmann,
2019) This is why, I came to this proposal on assessing management
system within my proximity since this could be one of the future problems.
Treated or untreated wastewater, proper management and system is
necessary for the society and environment to combat water scarcity.
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

The Bendulo Boarding House has 12 rooms which 9 of these are

being occupied. As someone as a renter, having an individual
lavatory and kitchen area is vital for privacy matters. But, as a
renter, it is also a challenge on conserving water and electricity
consumption for saving money. And as an environmental science
student, it is also my task to distinguish problems that could affect
our environment in the future and make plans to mitigate the effects.
 CHAPTER I
Objectives of the Study

This study focuses on the management of wastewater in a boarding house,

residential building. The main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the
wastewater/sewage management system regarding the disposal and other
parameters. The results obtained in this study could be used to improve the current
wastewater management practices in boarding houses, residential buildings, which
can have an impact on public health and environmental quality. Broadly, this research
aims to evaluate the wastewater drainage at Bendulo’s Boarding House pertaining to
the wastewater released from the occupied rooms. Generally, most of these rooms
resided by more individuals or a family. My research sought to answer the following
questions:
 CHAPTER I
Objectives of the Study

1. What is/are the types of waste management practices used in boarding

houses and residential buildings, particularly in this building?

2. How effective are these practices in managing the waste generated by

boarding house occupants?

3. What factors contribute to successful implementation of waste

management practices and how can we improve wastewater treatment
system?
 CHAPTER I
Objectives of the Study

Specific objectives:

• To identify the wastewater system in this building.

• To assess the impacts of wastewaters to the environment.

• To learn about the treatment options for domestic wastewaters.

• To understand the importance of proper maintenance of a domestic

wastewater treatment system.
 CHAPTER I
Significance of the Study

This assessment will give importance on how improper wastewater disposal could
affect the environment if not taken care of. Here in the Philippines, it has rare facilities
on sludge treatment and disposal facilities. (Tuddao, 2021) Wastewater management
is important for the environment because it allows us to reuse water instead of letting it
go down the drain. If we let our wastewater go down the drain, we would be polluting
our local water sources with chemicals like chlorine and ammonia. We could also be
contaminating our soil with toxins from those chemicals. (Water Science School, 2018)
Because wastewater management is so important, I think this study will help us
understand how effective it is at keeping our local water sources safe for use by
humans and animals alike.
 CHAPTER I
Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study will be conducted to determine the

extent of wastewater management in a
Bendulo boarding house, residential building
located at Prk. Pag-asa, Matiao, City of Mati
with the occupants of 9 rooms.
 CHAPTER I
Scope and Limitation of the Study

The study will use quantitative research methods to meet the objectives of the
study. The researcher will use survey method and questionnaire as tools to
collect data. (Methods of Research and Thesis Writing, pp.142-143) The
respondents were selected by simple random sampling method. The researcher
will only select 1 person per room for data gathering. The data were collected
through personal interview and observation of the existing conditions at the
boarding house. (Thomas, 2020)

The study will commence in the month of March 3rd week to April 3rd week with
a total of 4 weeks.
 CHAPTER I
Conceptual Framework of the Study

The conceptual framework for the study is a boarding house/residential

building. It is a facility where people live and work together; it has multiple
functions in society, but its primary function is to provide shelter and sheltering
services. In this research, we will explore how the Boarding House
wastewater management system works and what can be done to improve it.
We will look at the environmental impact of wastewater management system
in this boarding house. The boarders in this residential building will be the
independent variable considering their role in society as well as their ability to
meet regulatory requirements.
 CHAPTER I
Conceptual Framework of the Study

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Residential building/Boarding house

Boarders Wastewater Management
Owner/s
 CHAPTER I
Definition of Terms

As words may mean differently in different contexts, the following definitions are given as the
words used as intended to be understood for the purpose of this study. The terms used in this
study are operationally defined from the context:

Wastewater – is a used water by the boarders of Bendulo boarding house.

Management – is the process of how the boarders dispose wastewater that came from their
rooms.

Boarders - are individuals involve in this research as respondents.

Owner/s – the person who owns the building.

Residential building – a building offering lodging/rental housing services l ike Bendulo

residence.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature

and studies after the thorough and in-depth
search done by the researcher.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Why Treat Wastewater?

According to the book published by Water Science School in 2018, we consider wastewater treatment as
a water use because it is so interconnected with the other uses of water. Why Treat Wastewater? It's a
matter of caring for our environment and for our own health. This is important to the fishing industry, sport
fishing enthusiasts, and future generations. They are critical habitats for hundreds of species of fish and
other aquatic life. The major aim of wastewater treatment is to remove as much of the suspended solids as
possible before the remaining water, called effluent, is discharged back to the environment. As solid material
decays, it uses up oxygen, which is needed by the plants and animals living in the water. "Primary
treatment" removes about 60 percent of suspended solids from wastewater. This treatment also involves
aerating (stirring up) the wastewater, to put oxygen back in. Secondary treatment removes more than 90
percent of suspended solids. We must learn more about the wastewater treatment process and the uses of
reclaimed wastewater.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Why Treat Wastewater?

Considering the finite volume of freshwater resources, managing its quality and quantity
sustainably is one of the greatest challenges because of complex global changes. This
work strives to predict the combined effect of urbanization and climate change on water
quality in Pasig-Marikina River considering its criticalities to develop proactive plan by
policy makers working in water sectors. Pasig-Marikina River is an important source of
water for different usage in domestic, industrial, agriculture and recreation in the National
Capital Region (NCR) in the Philippines. Climate change, rapid urbanization and
weak/non-structured government policies results in severe pollution, makes long section of
the river unsuitable for any use in recent past. (Kumar, P. et al., 2018)
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Stakeholders Participation

Many college students live far from their parents to study to get a better
higher education, so they occupy a rental-housing. However, many rental-
housings do not meet the health standards according to the World Health
Organization (WHO). Therefore, a study was conducted, aiming at evaluating
the rental-housing quality used by college students in Surabaya, Jawa Timur,
Indonesia. The type of method used in this research is an observational study
conducted with a descriptive observational design. (Rahayu, A. et al. 2021)
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Stakeholders Participation

From the paper entitled ‘’Update on Domestic Wastewater Management in the

Philippines’’ in March 2021 by Vicente B. Tuddao Jr. PhD., stated that
discharges from any point source shall at all times meet the effluent standards.
The GES (General Effluent standards of 2016) shall be used regardless of the
industry category and volume of discharge. The effluent used for agricultural
purposes shall also conform to the DA Administrative Order No. DAO 2016-08
that has provisions for the water classification of water bodies for the purpose of
maintaining the quality of water based on beneficial usage.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Stakeholders Participation

According to Tuddao, following the guidelines of Philippine Clean Water Act of

2004 (Republic Act No. 9275), will provide a comprehensive and integrated
strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-Sectoral and
participatory approach involving all the stakeholders. The Clean Water Act
applies to water quality management in all water bodies, abatement and control
of pollution from land-based sources, and enforcement of water quality
standards, regulations and penalties. This standard will help for the effective and
efficient management of domestic wastewater system.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Wastewater Treatment System

A study was conducted by Jones T. Napaldet and Enocencio E. Buot Jr. to combat
water pollution in Balili River in Benguet, Northern Philippines that according to them
remains polluted despite more than a decade of rehabilitation efforts; thus, an
alternative clan-up method, such as phytoremediation, is timely and worth
investigating. Their study describes the phytoremediation potentials of selected local
dominant aquatic macrophytes of the river, namely: Amaranthus spinosus, Eichhornia
crassipes Eleusine indica and Pennisetum purpureum in pilot-scale constructed
wetlands and subjected to varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) treatments.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Wastewater Treatment System

Results showed significant improvement of the wastewater quality in most all

parameters of water assessment. At optimal HRT, total suspended solids,
dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and mercury were significantly lowered at values
passing the minimum water quality standards, while biological oxygen demand,
phosphate, and lead were slightly above the minimum standards. The pollution
reduction efficiencies of the aquatic macrophytes were significantly affected by
HRT. Among the macrophytes, P. purpueum, generally, had the best pollution
reduction efficiency. (2020)
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Wastewater Treatment System

The treated wastewater provides environmental benefits by providing

additional nonconventional source of water which helps to overcome
water scarcity challenge. Therefore, they work on a case study of
municipal wastewater treatment comparing the MBR, and CAS
technology is carried out, to gain understanding of removal efficiencies
of organic matter, chemical constituents and microbial pollutants from a
wide range of full-scale treatment plant. (Alwahaibi B.M.,)
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Managing Wastewater

To aid in the planning, analysis, and design of the needed wastewater management
systems, design data and information are summarized and presented in more than
300 tables and seven appendixes. To illustrate the principles and facilities involved in
the field of wastewater management, over 570 illustrations, graphs, and diagrams are
included. Finally, approximately 100 detailed, solved examples are included to
enhance the understanding of the material contained in this textbook. Ergas, S. J.,
Amador, J., Boyer, T., & Friedler, E. (2021). Onsite and Decentralized Wastewater
Management Systems. Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment, 7(3).
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the study area,

establishment of the sampling sites,
sample collection, and the preparation of
samples prior to examination. The
detailed discussion on this research
proposal will be conducted to obtain the
objectives of this research study.
Study Area

The proposal of this study will commence at a boarding house located at Purok Pag-asa, Brgy. Matiao,
City of Mati. The area is surrounded of big trees.

The entrance to Bendulo boarding

house from diversion road.

Source: google.com/maps/streetview
Establishment of the Sampling Sites
Sample Collection

The researcher’s study will evaluate the

management system pertaining to wastewater
disposal of boarders residing in 9 rooms at Bendulo
boarding house. The researcher will use a random
sampling technique to ask/observe 1 person per
room using questionnaires. The data and information
gathered will illustrate the principles and facilities
involved in wastewater management using graphs
and diagrams. (Ergas, S. J. et al., 2021)
Preparation of Samples Prior to Examination

The study will adopt the descriptive research design. It helps in deriving patterns, traits, and
behaviors of respondents. It also aims to understand respondents' attitudes and opinions about
certain phenomena. The design reports things the way they are. (Methods of Research and
Thesis Writing, p. 61) In this regard, the descriptive research design will be used to achieve the
main objective of the study. This study will use the quantitative approach. It is a mathematical
method of measuring and describing the observation of materials or characteristics. Therefore,
quantitative approach will be used to collect numerical data from the respondents. This approach
will be useful as it requires little time in data collection process as it covers large group at a short
period of time. (Bhandari, 2020)

The researcher will use the Likert Scale for alternative measures of precision. (Jebb, A., Ng,
V., & Tay, L., 2021)
Sample Questionnaire:

Please rate the extent to which you prefer with the following questions.

1. How frequent do you use water in your room?

1 – always, 2 – often, 3 – sometimes, 4 – rarely, 5 – never

2. How will you rate the sewerage system in the boarding house? (Pipes, septic tank, drainage)

1 – excellent, 2 – good, 3 – fair, 4 – poor, 5 – very poor

3. Are you aware of the impacts of disposing wastewater to environment directly?

1 – extremely aware, 2 – very aware, 3 – moderately aware, 4 – slightly aware, 5 – not at all aware
 CHAPTER IV
LITERATURE CITED
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case of Balili River in Benguet, Philippines

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• AWA WATER 2050. (2022). Five Forces Driving the Future of Water

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