Pune Summer Training Report
Pune Summer Training Report
Pune Summer Training Report
INTRODUCTON:
Registered in 2013 ,
PRODUCTS:
3.RADIATORS
GENERAL PROCEDURE OF DESIGN:
In designing a machine component, there is no rigid rule. The problem may be attempted in
several ways. However, the general procedure to solve a design problem is as follows :
1. Recognition of need
First of all, make a complete statement of the problem, indicating the need, aim or purpose for
which the machine is to be designed.
2. Synthesis (Mechanisms)
Select the possible mechanism or group of mechanisms which will give the desired motion.
3. Analysis of forces
Find the forces acting on each member of the machine and the energy transmitted by each
member.
4. Material selection
Select the material best suited for each member of the machine.
5. Design of elements
(Size and Stresses). Find the size of each member of the machine by considering the
force acting on the member and the permissible stresses for the material used. It should be kept
in mind that each member should not deflect or deform than the permissible limit.
6. Modification
. Modify the size of the member to agree with the past experience and judgment to
facilitate manufacture. The modification may also be necessary by consideration of
manufacturing to reduce overall cost.
7. Detailed drawing
Draw the detailed drawing of each component and the assembly of the machine with complete
specification for the manufacturing processes suggested.
STEPS:
Product analysis: Product analysis is the first step in the routing procedure.
This is done to find out what parts (goods) should be manufactured and what
parts should be purchased. This depends mainly on the relative cost. It also
depends on other factors such as technical consideration, purchase policies,
availability of personnel, availability of equipment, etc. Generally, during less-
busy periods most of the parts are manufactured in the factory. However, during
the busy period, many parts are purchased from outside.
Fix manufacturing operations: The next step in the routing procedure is to fix
(decide) the manufacturing operations and their sequences. The detailed
production procedure is then scheduled (planned). Information required for this
is derived from technical experience and by analyzing the machine capacity.
The function of lathe is to remove metal from a piece of work to give it a desired
shape and size. In a lathe machine, the work piece is rotate against the tool. The
tool is used to remove material from the work piece. The direction of motion of
tool is called feed.
Main Parts of Lathe Machine
The various main parts of lathe machine are
LATHE MACHINE OPERATIONS:
MILLING MACHINE:
In this operation, surfaces which are at an angle to the axis of the cutter, is
machined by the rotary cutter Milling machine can perform all other common
operations like turning, facing, fillet making, chamfering, drilling, gear cutting,
planning, slot cutting etc. These are all main milling machine operation.
DRILLING MACHINE
The drilling machine is defined as a machine which is used to make a circular
hole, a tool used to drill the holes of different size and other related operations
using a drill bit. The drilling machine is one of the most important machines in a
workshop.
1. Base
2. Column
3. Table
4. Radial Arm
5. Drill head
6. Spindle speed and Feed mechanism.
It is larger in size and stronger than sensitive drilling machine. It is used for
drilling medium and large sized holes. Based on the type of column used it is
classified as a round column and box column upright drilling machines.
2.Radial Drilling Machine
The schematic diagram of the radial drilling machine is shown in the figure. It
consists of the base, column radial arm, drill head, spindle speed and feed
mechanism.
Forstner Bits.
Three Wing Drills.
Door Hinge Bits.
Mortising Bits.
Spade Bits.
VARIOUS TYPES OF DRILLING OPERATION:
TAPPING MACHINE:
Tapping Machine. Taps and dies are tools used to create screw threads, which is
called threading. Many are cutting tools; others are forming tools. A tap is used to
cut or form the female portion of the mating pair (e.g., a nut).
Threading and tapping are the operations used to produce screw threads
.Threading is an operation in which threads are produced on the outside of a
component or we can call them as external threads using a die whereas, tapping is
an operation in which internal threads are produced using a tool called tap.
Different tapping tool types. Tapping tools are divided into four types: straight
flute tap, spiral point tap, spiral fuse tap, and forming tap. Which type you use
depends on what type of hole you want to thread, blind hole or through hole, and
the component material.
What is the difference between threading and tapping?
Threading and tapping are the operations used to produce screw threads.
Threading is an operation in which threads are produced on the outside of a
component or we can call them as external threads using a die whereas, tapping is
an operation in which internal threads are produced using a tool called tap.
WELDING MACHINE :
Arc welding is a type of welding process using an electric arc to create heat to
melt and join metals. A power supply creates an electric arc between a consumable
or non-consumable electrode and the base material using either direct (DC) or
alternating (AC) currents.
It is a type of welding that uses a welding power supply to create an electric arc
between a metal stick ("electrode") and the base material to melt the metals at the
point of contact. Arc welders can use either direct (DC) or alternating (AC)
current, and consumable or non-consumable electrodes.
Oxy-fuel cutting is a thermal cutting process that uses oxygen and fuel
gas (such as acetylene, propane, MAPP, propylene and natural gas)
to cut through materials.
WHY ACETYLENEUSE INSTEAD OF PRPANE?
Welding. Firstly: Propane cannot be used for Gas Welding. When acetylene
burns in oxygen, it creates a reducing zone that cleans the steel surface.
Propane do not have a reducing zone like acetylene and can hence not
be used for Gas Welding.
Oxy-fuel cutting is a chemical reaction between pure oxygen and steel to form
iron oxide. ... Pure oxygen is then directed toward the heated area in a fine, high
pressure stream. As the steel is oxidized and blown away to form a cavity, the
preheat and oxygen stream are moved at constant speed to form a
continuous cut.
What metals can be cut with the oxy fuel gas process?
Contrary to the notion that propane burns hotter than butane, the heat
output is identical. Both fuels deliver the same BTUs (British thermal units),
so neither flame is hotter, according to The Adventure Network. One will
not boil water or cook food faster than the other
PROCESS THAT ARE MADE FROM OTHER INDUSTRIES
1.CNC CUTTING:
CNC machining is a manufacturing process in which pre-programmed computer
software dictates the movement of factory tools and machinery. The process can be
used to control a range of complex machinery, from grinders and lathes to mills
and routers
While CNC machines are expensive and complicated, they quickly pay for
themselves by reducing the workload and preventing errors. The first
majoradvantage of CNC machining is that it improves automation, removing the
need of an operator for all but a few parts of the work
2.JIG BORING
What is Jig Boring operation?
Jig boring is used to accurately enlarge existing holes and make their
diameters highly accurate. ... Dedicated jig boring machines are designed to
machine holes with the tightest tolerances possible with a machine tool.
A jig is often confused with a fixture; a fixture holds the work in a fixed
location. A device that does both functions (holding the work and guiding a
tool) is called a jig.
Which type of bushes are used in jig to perform more than one operation in
same location?
Slip Bush. They are used when two or more operations are performed on
the same axis such as drilling and reaming, it is necessary to use two
different guide bushes for different tools.
3. BLACKODISING
Blackodising Corrosion Resistance is a conversion coating formed by a
chemical reaction produced when parts are immersed in the alkaline aqueous
salt solution operated at approximately 135º C.
The reaction between the iron of the ferrous alloy and the hot oxide bath
produces a magnitite (Fe3 O4) on the actual surface of the part.
It is possible to oxidize non-ferrous metals under suitable conditions to form
black oxides.
It is possible to apply black oxide at room temperature, however it is not
possible to achieve all of the benefits available from the "hot" oxide process.
The cold black oxide process routinely shows color variation from part to part
and the black material frequently rubs off in your hands.
4. POWDER COATING
Powder coating. ... The powder may be a thermoplastic or a thermoset polymer.
It is usually used to create a hard finish that is tougher than conventional
paint. Powder coating is mainly used for coating of metals, such as household
appliances, aluminium extrusions, drum hardware and automobile and bicycle
parts.
The benefits of the process of powder coating are numerous. First, powder
coating results in a thick, dense finish on metal products which can be more
durable and longer lasting than conventional painting. Second, powder
coating is typically a one coat finish so the process can be quite quick and
easy
TESTING EQUIPMENTS
1.DIAL INDICATOR
What is the use of dial indicator?
Dial indicators are one of the primary measuring tools used in precision
engine building. They are typically used to measure deck clearances,
crankshaft thrust and straightness, lifter travel and other measurements that
involve the distance between two surfaces or small amounts of component
travel.
Dial Indicators
0-12.7mm 0.01mm
0-12.7mm 0.001mm
0-25mm 0.01mm
0-25mm 0.001mm
What are slip gauges used for?
2.HIGHT GAUGE
Height Gauge
THE BORING SPM IS DESIGNED FOR BORING THE HEAD PIPE OF TWO
WHEELER CHASIS.
KOLA FRAME ASSY COMPONENT: BOTH SIDE DIA 45.75 rough& 45.9
finish BORE.
MACHINE BASE:
THE MACHINE BASE IS FABRICATED FROM MS PLATES WITH A 25 MM
TOP PLATE. THE TOP PLATE IS DULY
COOLANT ASSEMBLY:
200 LTR COOLANTTANK IS PROVIDED WITH THE MACHINE. THERE
ARE 2 PUMPS (160LPM) RAJMANE MAKE
ELECTRICAL:
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM CONSISTS OF A MAIN CONTROL PANEL,
OPERATOR PANEL AND TRANSFORMER.THE MAIN CONTROL PANEL
HOUSES THE CNC DRIVES SPINDLE DRIVES, POWER SUPPLY UNIT,
MAIN POWERSWITCH, CONTACTORS, and MCB'S FOR OPERATION THE
CONTROL PANEL IS MOUNTED ON REAR SIDE OF THEMACHINE.
HYDRAULIC SYSTEM:
THE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM CONSISTS OF HYDRAULIC TANK (40LTR
CAPACITY, VANE PUMP (6 LPM), YUKEN
OIL LEVEL, WHICH GIVES INPUT TO THE CNC SYSTEM WHEN THE OIL
LEVEL IS LOW(NORMALLY INPUTIS OFF)
START UP:
a) SWITCH ON THE MAIN POWER ON SELECTOR SWITCH ON THE MAIN
CONTROL PANEL (REAR SIDE OF MACHINE).THE MAIN POWER LAMP
WILL GLOW ON THE OPERATOR PANEL
BUTTON ON THE MOP. THE CNC WILL PERFORM ITS HOMING AND
THE X & Z AXIS POSITION ON THE MOP DISPLAY WILL TURN 'O' WITH
A #SIGN AT THE END.
SINGLE BLOCK RUNNING . This functions only in auto mode. When this
selection is 'ON' its Green LED is on andthe machine performs the set programme
one line at a time and stops till the Cycle start signal isgiven again
2 +X: when the machine is in Jog mode pressing this button the LH/X-axis will
move reverse away from the fixture Machine should be in JOG mode for this
function.
3 .+Z: When the machine is in Jog mode pressing this button the RH/Z-axis will
move reverse away from the fixture. Machine should be in JOG mode for this
function.
4.-X: When the machine is in Jog mode pressing this button the LH/X-axis will
move towards the fixture. Machine should be in JOG mode for this function.
5. SPDL CCW :Pressing this button will switch on the RH spindle. Machine
should be in JOG mode for this function.
6. SPDL CW: Pressing this button will switch on the LH spindle. Machine should
be in JOG mode for this function.
7.-Z: When the machine is in Jog mode pressing this button the RH/Z-axis will
move towards the fixture Machine should be in JOG mode for this function.
8 . CHUCK CLAMP: Pressing this button the LH Ref Cyl will move reverse.
(Reference cylinder acts as a Loading Coil, either clamp or unclamp coil should be
ON for main clamp to operate.). Machine should be in JOG mode for this function.
9.CHUCK UNCLAMP:
Pressing this button the LH Ref Cyl will move forward to job referencing position.
(Reference cylinder acts as a Loading Coil, either clamp or unclamp coil should be
on for main clamp to operate.) Machine should be in JOG mode for this function.
Pressing this button the main clamp will clamp the job. Machine should be in JOG
mode for this function.
Pressing this button the main clamp will declamp the job. Machine should be in
JOG mode for this function.
mauge input interlock is on pressing this button will give gauge input bypass signal
to perform the next cycle. Machine should be in AUTO mode for this function.
13.CLNT ON/OFF:
N/OFF the bed flushing coolant pump. This function operates in any mode.
This button switches off any spindle that is running. Machine should be in JOG
mode for this function.
15.
CNC ON: This switches ON the CNC System. Nothing will operate until CNC is
on.
16.CNC OFF:
This switches On the Hydraulic System. Hydraulic switches on only if the CNC
homing condition is ok.
This switches will start the machine Auto cycle, if all conditions are ok.
This switches will will hold the Auto cycle that is running.
This is a lock type selector switch which resets the running count for tool change.
This selector can vary the spindle RPM. Range 50% to 120% of rpm set in
program. If RPM set in program is 1000 then RPM can be varied from 500 to
1200.
22. FEED OVERRIDE:
This selector can vary the feed set in the program. Range 0% to 120% of feed set
in program. If feed set in program is 100mm/min then feed can be varied from 0 to
120mm/min.
23.
MODE SELECTION :
JOG: All operations on the machine can be performed using the push buttons on
the panel
X1: The selected axis can be moved with 0.001mm increment using the hand
wheel "D". To select the axis press +X/+Z
X10 : The selected axis can be moved with 0.01mm increment using the hand
wheel "D". To select the axis press +X/4Z.
X100: The selected axis can be moved with 0.1mm increment using the hand
wheel "D". To select the axis press +X/+Z.
If selector is in OFF position then only 1 machine cycle will work, next cycle will
work only! after air gauge OK input is received from the air gauge.
both cycle should run, and selector switch os on RH rh spindle cycle run.
MACHINE OPERATION MODES
1) MANUAL MODE JOG MODE)
2) AUTO MODE
B) SERVO HOMING
C) HYDRAULIC MOTOR IS ON
MANUAL MODE:
AUTO CYCLE:
D) THE MAIN CLAMP ARM WILL MOVE FWD CLAMPING THE JOB.
AFTER THE CLAMP REACHES ITS CLAMP POSITION THE CLAMP PROXI
WILL BE ACTIVATED ALONG WITH THE CLAMP PRESSURE SWITCH.
5) THE SPINDLES WILL MOVE FWD INSET FEED FOR BORING & AFTER
THE REQUIRED DEEPTH IS REACHED THE SPINDLE WILL HOLD AT
THE FINAL POSITION AS PER THE DWELL SET.
10) REMOVE THE MACHINED JOB AND PLACE A NEW JOB FOR
MACHINING.
THE CYCLE TIME AND THE JOB COUNT IS DISPLAYED AT THE LEFT
BOTTOM CORNER OF THE SCREEN.
DAILY MAITAINENCE
1) CHECK THE LUB OIL LEVEL.
WEEKLY MAINTAINANCE
QUARTERLY MAINTANANCE